JPH0259258B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0259258B2 JPH0259258B2 JP8100883A JP8100883A JPH0259258B2 JP H0259258 B2 JPH0259258 B2 JP H0259258B2 JP 8100883 A JP8100883 A JP 8100883A JP 8100883 A JP8100883 A JP 8100883A JP H0259258 B2 JPH0259258 B2 JP H0259258B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- crushing
- pipe
- quicklime
- cartridge
- hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、静的破砕剤により被破砕物を簡便に
短時間で破砕する工法に関する。さらに詳しく
は、生石灰の水和発熱を静的破砕剤の水和反応の
助長に活用することによつて、膨張圧の発現を早
め、且つ発熱の大きさ、発熱の速度を制御するこ
とにより、膨張圧発現の速度を制御し、以て効果
的に任意短時間破砕を行なう工法に関するもので
ある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for simply crushing objects to be crushed in a short time using a static crushing agent. More specifically, by utilizing the heat of hydration of quicklime to promote the hydration reaction of the static crushing agent, the development of expansion pressure is accelerated, and the magnitude and speed of heat generation are controlled. This invention relates to a construction method that controls the speed of development of expansion pressure and thereby effectively performs crushing for any short period of time.
現在、各社からCaOの水和膨張を利用したCaO
を主体とする静的破砕剤（以下単に「破砕剤」と
いう）が発売されている。これら破砕剤の問題点
は、CaOの水和反応が急速に進んだ場合に、その
発熱によるスラリー温度の急激な上昇により噴出
現象（鉄砲現象ともいう）が発生するので、これ
が起らない条件下でスラリーや湿潤ケークを充填
し破砕を行なわねばならないことにある。しか
し、CaOの水和反応は温度依存性が大きいために
噴出を抑えようとすれば、水和膨張の発現をも抑
制することになり、結果として破砕時間は遅れて
しまい、せいぜい半日ないし１日で破砕できるに
とどまつている。一方、破砕剤による短時間破砕
へのニーズが高い。これに応えるには、スラリー
又はケークの温度を高く保持し膨張圧の発現を促
進しなければならない。 Currently, various companies are offering CaO that utilizes the hydration expansion of CaO.
Static crushing agents (hereinafter simply referred to as "crushing agents") based on The problem with these crushing agents is that when the hydration reaction of CaO progresses rapidly, the resulting heat generation causes a rapid rise in slurry temperature, causing an eruption phenomenon (also known as a gun phenomenon). The problem is that the slurry or wet cake must be filled and crushed. However, the hydration reaction of CaO is highly temperature dependent, so if we try to suppress the eruption, we will also suppress the development of hydration expansion, resulting in a delay in crushing time, which takes half a day to a day at most. It can only be crushed by On the other hand, there is a strong need for short-time crushing using crushing agents. To meet this requirement, the temperature of the slurry or cake must be kept high to promote the development of expansion pressure.
本発明者等は、水和熱による温度の上昇をむし
ろ活用し、敢て噴出が発生する条件下で破砕剤を
充填し、引続き超速硬セメントあるいはこれに匹
敵する性能の急結性セメントのペースト、モルタ
ルあるいはコンクリートを孔径に応じて所定の長
さタンピングすることにより１〜５時間の短時間
で破砕を可能にすることに成功した。 The present inventors took advantage of the temperature increase caused by the heat of hydration, filled the crushing agent under conditions that would cause eruption, and then used ultra-fast hardening cement or a paste of quick-setting cement with comparable performance. , succeeded in making crushing possible in a short time of 1 to 5 hours by tamping mortar or concrete to a predetermined length depending on the hole diameter.
しかし、この方法においても、噴出時間を制御
し破砕時間をある一定の巾に抑えるためには、被
破砕物の温度、孔径の大きさに応じて破砕剤の調
製を変えねばならず、数種類の品種を年間を通し
て用意しておかねばならない煩わしさがある。破
砕時間も１〜５時間と巾があり、短時間破砕とは
云え必ずしも破砕時間を自由に且つ精度よくコン
トロールできるわけではない。また、１時間以内
の破砕を達成しようとすれば破砕剤の水和反応性
を著しく高めねばならず、勢い孔への充填前の作
業性なり安全性に著しく支障を来たすので、これ
の達成は不可能であつた。 However, even with this method, in order to control the ejection time and keep the crushing time within a certain range, the preparation of the crushing agent must be changed depending on the temperature and pore size of the material to be crushed, and several types of crushing agents are required. There is the hassle of having to stock varieties throughout the year. The crushing time also varies from 1 to 5 hours, and although it is short-time crushing, it does not necessarily mean that the crushing time can be controlled freely and accurately. In addition, in order to achieve crushing within one hour, the hydration reactivity of the crushing agent must be significantly increased, which significantly impedes workability and safety before filling the force holes. It was impossible.
一方、破砕剤を孔へ充填後、ケーシングパイプ
を挿入すると共に前記パイプ内へ電熱器を装設し
て通電することにより、前記破砕剤の水和反応に
よつてコンクリート構築物等を破壊する工法（特
公昭49−43416号公報）が知られている。この方
法では電熱器のワツト数の強弱によつて破砕時間
を制御することができるという特長がある。 On the other hand, after filling a hole with a crushing agent, a casing pipe is inserted, an electric heater is installed in the pipe, and electricity is supplied, thereby destroying concrete structures etc. by the hydration reaction of the crushing agent ( Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-43416) is known. This method has the advantage that the crushing time can be controlled by adjusting the wattage of the electric heater.
しかし、ケーシングパイプを挿入しパイプ内へ
電熱器を装設する方法は、コンクリートブロツク
や軟石等の比較的小規模被破砕物で亀裂を入れて
からハンドハンマー等で二次破砕を行なう場合に
は作業に支障はなく、また回収も容易かもしれな
いが、ベンチや竪坑等の岩盤の破砕ではリツピン
グ、ドーシングの作業の障害になつてしまうし、
また回収は殆んど不可能である。一方、破砕効果
についても、電熱器装設のためのケーシングパイ
プの径はある程度の大きさが必要であるため、破
砕剤の充填量が少なくなり、結果として膨張量が
低減するので破砕効果が低くなる等の欠点があつ
た。 However, the method of inserting a casing pipe and installing an electric heater inside the pipe is not suitable for creating cracks in a relatively small-scale object to be crushed, such as concrete blocks or soft stone, and then performing secondary crushing with a hand hammer, etc. Although it does not interfere with work and may be easy to recover, it becomes an obstacle to ripping and dosing work when crushing rock such as benches and shafts.
Moreover, recovery is almost impossible. On the other hand, regarding the crushing effect, the diameter of the casing pipe for installing the electric heater needs to be a certain size, so the amount of crushing agent filled is small, and as a result, the amount of expansion is reduced, so the crushing effect is low. There were some drawbacks such as:
本発明は、上述のような欠点がなく、破砕剤に
より被破砕物を簡便に短時間で破砕する工法を提
供するもので、その要旨とするところは、水和膨
張を基本原則とする静的破砕剤のスラリー又は湿
潤ケークを被破砕物の孔中へ充填するに当り、あ
らかじめ生石灰粉末又は／及び生石灰粒状物を装
填した透水性パイプ又はカートリツジを孔中に挿
入しておくとこを特徴とする暗示間破壊工法にあ
る。 The present invention is free from the above-mentioned drawbacks and provides a method for simply crushing objects to be crushed using a crushing agent in a short time. When filling the slurry or wet cake of the crushing agent into the holes of the object to be crushed, a permeable pipe or cartridge loaded with quicklime powder and/or quicklime granules is inserted into the holes in advance. It is in the implicit destruction method.
本発明において透水性のパイプ又はカートリツ
ジとしては紙製、金網製やプラスチツクネツト製
などが好適に使用される。 In the present invention, the water-permeable pipe or cartridge is preferably made of paper, wire mesh, plastic net, or the like.
本発明においては、生石灰の水和発熱を破砕剤
の水和反応の助長に活用することによつて、膨張
圧の発現を早め、且つ発熱の大きさ、発熱の速度
を制御することにより、膨張圧発現の速度を制御
し、以て効果的に任意短時間破砕を行なうことが
できる。 In the present invention, by utilizing the heat of hydration of quicklime to promote the hydration reaction of the crushing agent, the development of expansion pressure is accelerated, and by controlling the magnitude and rate of heat generation, the expansion By controlling the pressure development speed, crushing can be effectively performed for any short time.
なお、本発明は以下のような特長を有してい
る。 Note that the present invention has the following features.
(1) 透水性パイプ又はカートリツジを用いるた
め、破砕剤のスラリー又は湿潤ケーク中の水分
が容易にパイプ、カートリツジ中の生石灰と反
応して発熱が生じる。従つてパイプ、カートリ
ツジ中に注水しなくても済むし、また水量不足
のためにパイプ、カートリツジに注水するよう
にしても易透水性のため注水作業は容易であ
る。(1) Since a permeable pipe or cartridge is used, water in the crushing agent slurry or wet cake easily reacts with the quicklime in the pipe or cartridge, generating heat. Therefore, there is no need to pour water into the pipes or cartridges, and even if water is poured into the pipes or cartridges due to insufficient water volume, the water injection operation is easy because of the easy water permeability.
(2) パイプ又はカートリツジ中に装填した生石灰
は水和膨張に対して破砕剤とほぼ同様に寄与す
るため、前述の特公昭49−43416号公報の“コ
ンクリート構築物等の破壊工法”のように、ケ
ーシングパイプ挿入によつて中空になり、膨張
量が少なくなつて破砕効果が低下してしまうこ
とはない。(2) Since quicklime loaded in a pipe or cartridge contributes to hydration expansion in almost the same way as a crushing agent, it is Inserting the casing pipe will not make it hollow and reduce the amount of expansion, which will reduce the crushing effect.
(3) パイプ又はカートリツジ中にあらかじめ生石
灰粉砕又は／及び粒状物を装填しておくことが
でき、施工現場では単にパイプ、カートリツジ
を被破砕物の孔中に差し込むだけでよいので作
業が容易である。(3) Quicklime grinding and/or granules can be loaded into the pipe or cartridge in advance, and the work is easy at the construction site as it is only necessary to insert the pipe or cartridge into the hole in the material to be crushed. .
(4) 破砕後リツピング、ドーシング等の障害にな
らない。(4) It does not cause problems such as ripping and dosing after crushing.
以下、本発明の工法を図について説明する。 Hereinafter, the construction method of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.
第１図のように、被破砕物１に穿孔して孔２を
形成する。次に第２図のように、あらかじめ生石
灰粉末又は／及び生石灰粒状物を装填した透水性
パイプ又はカートリツジ３を孔中に挿入する。 As shown in FIG. 1, a hole 2 is formed by drilling a hole in an object 1 to be crushed. Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a permeable pipe or cartridge 3, which has been previously loaded with quicklime powder or/and quicklime granules, is inserted into the hole.
次に第３図のように、孔内の壁とパイプ又はカ
ートリツジの間に静的破砕剤のスラリー又は湿潤
ケーク４を充填する。必要に応じてパイプ口元か
ら注水する。 Next, as shown in FIG. 3, a static crushing agent slurry or wet cake 4 is filled between the wall of the hole and the pipe or cartridge. Inject water from the pipe mouth as necessary.
充填後時間経過と共にパイプ又はカートリツジ
内の生石灰が水和反応により発熱し、この熱が破
砕剤のスラリー又は湿潤ケーク４に伝わつて破砕
剤の水和反応を促し短時間破砕が可能になる。 As time passes after filling, the quicklime in the pipe or cartridge generates heat due to a hydration reaction, and this heat is transmitted to the crushing agent slurry or wet cake 4 to promote the hydration reaction of the crushing agent, making it possible to crush for a short time.
なお、破砕剤が噴出する恐れのある時は、第４
図のようにセメントあるいはせつこうのペース
ト、モルタル、コンクリートなどのタンピング５
を行なう。この場合、タンピング材自身も加熱さ
れるため硬化が促進され、短時間で噴出抑止可能
な孔壁との付着強度に達する。 In addition, when there is a risk of the crushing agent spouting out, please
Tamping of cement or plaster paste, mortar, concrete, etc. as shown in the figure 5
Do this. In this case, since the tamping material itself is heated, curing is accelerated, and the adhesion strength with the hole wall is reached in a short time to prevent ejection.
パイプ又はカートリツジの孔径が太くなるとパ
イプ又はカートリツジ中の生石灰自体も噴出する
恐れがあるので、第５図のようにパイプ又はカー
トリツジ３の長さをタンピング長さ分だけ短くし
て挿入し、同一レベルまで破砕剤スラリー又は湿
潤ケーク４を充填する。必要に応じてパイプ口元
から注水する。 If the hole diameter of the pipe or cartridge becomes large, there is a risk that the quicklime itself in the pipe or cartridge may spout out, so as shown in Figure 5, shorten the length of the pipe or cartridge 3 by the tamping length and insert it to the same level. Fill the crushing agent slurry or wet cake 4 up to the desired level. Inject water from the pipe mouth as necessary.
続いて第６図のように、セメントあるいはせつ
こうのペースト、モルタル、コンクリートなどの
タンピング５を行なう。 Next, as shown in FIG. 6, tamping 5 of cement or plaster paste, mortar, concrete, etc. is performed.
充填後時間経過と共にパイプ又はカートリツジ
内の生石灰が水和反応により発熱し、この熱が破
砕剤に伝わつて破砕剤の水和反応を促して、短時
間破砕が可能となる。 As time passes after filling, the quicklime inside the pipe or cartridge generates heat due to a hydration reaction, and this heat is transmitted to the crushing agent to promote the hydration reaction of the crushing agent, making crushing possible in a short time.
なお、破砕時間の調節は、生石灰装填パイプ又
はカートリツジの径や長さを変える方法、生石灰
にシヨ糖その他の遅延剤を加えたり、塩化カルシ
ウム等の促進剤を加えたりする方法、生石灰の焼
結度や粒度を変える方法により行なう。 The crushing time can be adjusted by changing the diameter and length of the quicklime loading pipe or cartridge, by adding sucrose or other retardants to quicklime, by adding accelerators such as calcium chloride, or by sintering the quicklime. This is done by changing the degree and particle size.
次に実施例によつて本発明を更に具体的に説明
する。 Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.
実施例 １
一辺が70cmの立方コンクリート供試体（被破砕
物）に径40mm×高さ60cmの孔をあけ、孔の中心に
あらかじめ1.2mmふるい全通の生石灰を装填した
径15mm×長さ60cmの紙等を挿入し、続いて水／破
砕剤比30％で混練した破砕剤スラリーを孔の隙間
に口元まで充填した。なお、使用した破砕剤は住
友セメント(株)製Ｓ−マイトＳ型である。また供試
体は前日から５℃の恒温室に入れておき、供試体
が５℃になつたことを確認してから破砕実験を行
なつた。結果は、充填後２時間で亀裂が入り、３
時間で分割した。Example 1 A hole of 40 mm in diameter x 60 cm in height was drilled in a cubic concrete specimen (material to be crushed) with a side of 70 cm, and a hole of 15 mm in diameter x 60 cm in length was filled with quicklime through a 1.2 mm sieve in advance at the center of the hole. Paper or the like was inserted, and then a crushing agent slurry kneaded at a water/crushing agent ratio of 30% was filled into the gap between the holes up to the mouth. The crushing agent used was S-Mite S type manufactured by Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd. The specimen was placed in a thermostatic chamber at 5°C the day before, and the crushing experiment was conducted after confirming that the temperature of the specimen had reached 5°C. As a result, cracks appeared 2 hours after filling, and 3
Divided by time.
比較のために破砕剤の通常の使用法で実験を行
なつた結果、亀裂が７時間で発生し、20時間で分
割した。 For comparison, an experiment was conducted using a conventional method of using a crushing agent, and as a result, cracks appeared in 7 hours and split in 20 hours.
実施例 ２
花崗岩質岩盤（被破砕物）の竪坑掘削を行なう
に当り、径65mm×深さ1.5ｍの孔を孔間隔1.0ｍ、
穿孔角度60°で10孔穿孔した。Example 2 When excavating a shaft in granitic rock (material to be crushed), holes with a diameter of 65 mm and a depth of 1.5 m were drilled with a hole spacing of 1.0 m.
Ten holes were drilled at a drilling angle of 60°.
各孔の中心にあらかじめ2.5mmふるい全通の生
石灰を装填した径20mm×長さ1.3ｍの金網製パイ
プを挿入し、続いて水／破砕剤比30％で混練した
破砕剤スラリーを孔の隙間にパイプと同じレベル
まで充填した。次いで超速硬セメントのセメン
ト：川砂比１：１、セメント：水比１：0.5のモ
ルタルを孔の口元まで、タンピングした。なお、
使用破砕剤は住友セメント(株)製Ｓ−マイトＶ型
で、超速硬セメントは同じく住友セメント(株)製ジ
エツトセメントである。 A wire mesh pipe with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 1.3 m, filled with quicklime through a 2.5 mm sieve, is inserted into the center of each hole, and then a crushing agent slurry mixed at a water / crushing agent ratio of 30% is added to the gap between the holes. was filled to the same level as the pipe. Next, mortar of ultra-fast hardening cement with a cement:river sand ratio of 1:1 and a cement:water ratio of 1:0.5 was tamped to the mouth of the hole. In addition,
The crushing agent used was S-Mite V type manufactured by Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd., and the ultra-fast hardening cement was jet cement also manufactured by Sumitomo Cement Co., Ltd.
季節は冬２月の厳寒期で、岩盤温度は深さ1.5
ｍ地点で５℃であつた。 The season is winter, which is the bitterly cold period of February, and the rock temperature is 1.5 at the depth.
The temperature was 5°C at point m.
結果は、充填後１時間で亀裂が発生し、２時間
では最大亀裂巾30mm、平均20mmに達し、良好な破
砕効果を示した。また、リツピングの結果は計画
深度のほぼ100％達成できた。 The results showed that cracks occurred in one hour after filling, and in two hours the maximum crack width reached 30 mm, with an average crack width of 20 mm, indicating a good crushing effect. In addition, the ripping results achieved almost 100% of the planned depth.
第１〜６図は、本発明破壊工法の説明図であ
る。
１……被破砕物、２……孔、３……生石灰を装
填した透水性パイプ又はカートリツジ、４……静
的破砕剤のスラリー又は湿潤ケーク、５……タン
ピング。
1 to 6 are explanatory diagrams of the destructive construction method of the present invention. 1... Material to be crushed, 2... Hole, 3... Permeable pipe or cartridge loaded with quicklime, 4... Slurry or wet cake of static crushing agent, 5... Tamping.
Claims (1)
リー又は湿潤ケークを被破砕物の孔中へ充填する
に当り、あらかじめ生石灰粉末又は／及び生石灰
粒状物を装填した透水性パイプ又はカートリツジ
を孔中に挿入しておくことを特徴とする短時間破
壊工法。1. When filling the slurry or wet cake of a static crushing agent based on hydration expansion into the holes of the material to be crushed, a permeable pipe or cartridge pre-loaded with quicklime powder or/and quicklime granules is inserted into the hole. A short-time destructive construction method that is characterized by being inserted inside.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8100883A JPS59206556A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1983-05-11 | Rupture construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8100883A JPS59206556A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1983-05-11 | Rupture construction method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59206556A JPS59206556A (en) | 1984-11-22 |
| JPH0259258B2 true JPH0259258B2 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
Family
ID=13734479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8100883A Granted JPS59206556A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1983-05-11 | Rupture construction method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59206556A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0811909B2 (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1996-02-07 | 吉澤石灰工業株式会社 | Static crushing method |
| JPH0655937B2 (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1994-07-27 | 吉沢石灰工業株式会社 | Static crushing method |
| CN103322414B (en) * | 2013-06-29 | 2016-01-13 | 中国人民解放军后勤工程学院 | A kind of method fast and safely excavating oil and gas pipes cubic meter of stone section repairing working pit |
-
1983
- 1983-05-11 JP JP8100883A patent/JPS59206556A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59206556A (en) | 1984-11-22 |
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