JPH0252509B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an artificial respirator used to perform respiratory functions for patients who have temporarily stopped breathing or are unable to breathe adequately. It is an object of the present invention to provide a respirator which is simple in structure and operation and therefore can be widely implemented.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
In this artificial respiration device, the pressure of the inspiratory gas from an inspiratory gas pressure source 1 is reduced by a pressure reducing valve 2, and the inspiratory gas is transferred to a breathing valve and mask 4 or a manual breathing valve and mask 5 via a 4-position manual switching valve 3. The breathing valve and mask 4 supply inspiratory gas at a predetermined cycle similar to the patient's natural breathing. Inhaled gas from the patient is configured to be dissipated into the atmosphere outside the breathing valve and mask 4 through a check valve provided in the breathing valve and mask 4. During such artificial respiration, positions A1 and A2 of the switching valve 3 are selectively used. Position A1 of the switching valve 3 is connected when the number of breaths per minute, that is, the number of breaths is low, and position A2 is connected when the number of inhalations is high. Position B is used to continuously supply intake gas from the pressure reducing valve 2 to the breathing valve and mask 4 to perform oxygen inhalation or the like. Position C is used to perform manual artificial respiration using a manual breathing valve and mask 5, in which a specific cycle similar to natural breathing is performed manually by the operator. Intake gas pressure source 1
may be a pressure vessel supplying air or oxygen, etc., or a supply device installed in a hospital.

When the switching valve 3 is in the connected state at position A1, intake gas is supplied from the port 3a through the flow path 6 to the first dual-pilot type spring offset type two-position switching valve 7. From the first switching valve 7 in the normal position D, the valve is connected to the pilot port 8b via the flow path 9 in the direction of the offset position F of the second double-pilot type spring offset type two-position switching valve 8, as shown in FIG. Pilot pressure is applied as shown in 4. The pilot pressure in the flow path 9 is also controlled by the single pilot spring offset type 2-position switching valve 1.
0, thereby causing the switching valve 10 to be in the offset position I and in the shutoff state, as shown in FIG.
Inhalation will be performed during the period Tex. Inhalation gas from the flow path 6 is guided from the flow path 11 to the breathing valve and the mask 4 through the flow path 14 through the normal position H of the switching valve 10 and the variable throttle 13.

From the second switching valve 8 located at the offset position F, a flow is conducted to the pilot port 7a in the direction of the normal position D of the first switching valve 7 via the flow path 15, and also via the first check valve 16 and the flow path 17. Pilot pressure is then applied to the pilot port 7b in the direction of the offset position E of the first switching valve 7.
FIG. 2 shows the pilot pressure in channel 17. In this way, in the first switching valve 7, the flow paths 15 and 17 have the same pilot pressure, so that the connected state at the normal position D is maintained. The pilot pressure from the offset position F of the second switching valve 8 switches the single pilot spring offset two-position switching valve 18 from the normal position J to the offset position K.
Therefore, the pilot pressure from the offset position F of the second switching valve 8 is transferred from the flow path 20 through the throttle 19 to the offset position K of the switching valve 18 to the pilot port 8a in the direction of the normal position G of the second switching valve 8. Give pressure. As shown in FIG. 2, the change in the pilot pressure in the flow path 20 is as follows during the breathing time Tex from time t0 to time t1.
Due to the action of the diaphragm 19, it increases over time. Here, the change in the pilot pressure at the pilot port 8b which acts in the direction of moving the second switching valve 8 in the flow path 9 to the offset position F is shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, the broken line indicates the time course of the pilot pressure in the flow path 20 shown in FIG. 2(1). When the pressure difference P2 between the pilot pressure in the flow path 20 and the pilot pressure in the flow path 9 becomes equal to the spring force of the spring for setting the normal position G in the second switching valve 8 to the connected state, that is, the flow path When the pilot pressure of the valve 20 reaches a value lower than the pilot pressure of the flow path 9 by the operating pressure P2 of the second switching valve 8, the second switching valve 8 is moved from the offset position F by the spring force at time t1. Instantly switches to normal position G. Therefore, the flow path 21 is communicated with the atmosphere via the normal position G of the second switching valve 8. During the expiration time Tex, the spring offset type two-position switching valve 26 has a flow path 39 that provides pilot pressure connected to the port 3b of the switching valve 3.
By sealing the upstream side without releasing it into the atmosphere,
It remains blocked. Pilot port 7b,
Tanks 22 and 23 are connected to 8a, respectively.

When the normal position G of the second switching valve 8 is in the connected state, the flow path 21 is opened to the atmosphere, whereby the pilot pressure in the flow path 20 is reduced to the check valve 31.
The normal position D of the first switching valve 7 becomes the connected state, and the switching valve 1
The normal position J of 8 is in the connected state. The pilot pressure of the pilot port 7b in the direction of the offset position E of the first switching valve 7 is from the flow path 17.
It passes through the normal position J of the switching valve 18 and the throttle 19, and then is released into the atmosphere from the flow path 21 through the normal position G of the second switching valve 8. In this way the time
During the intake time Tin from t1 to time t2, the pilot pressure in the flow path 17 decreases over time.

During the intake time Tin, the offset position E of the first switching valve 7 is connected to the atmosphere, so the flow path 9 is at atmospheric pressure, and therefore the switching valve 10 communicates with the normal position H. In this way, the intake gas flows through the flow paths 6, 1
1. Air is supplied from the normal position H of the switching valve 10 and the variable restrictor 13 to the breathing valve and the mask 4 via the flow path 14, thereby inhaling air.
The pilot pressure for the first switching valve 7 in the flow path 17 is reduced by the action of the throttle 19.
When the operating pressure decreases to P1, the first switching valve 7 is brought into the connected state at the normal position D by its spring force. This time is indicated as t2 in FIG. Therefore, the pilot pressure in the flow path 9 becomes high again at time t2 as shown in FIG. 2, and the intake gas in the flow path 14 is cut off as shown in FIG. and exhalation will be performed again.

In the example described above, the expiration period Tex is given by the following equation.

Tex=R1・C1P−P1/P+1……(1) In addition, the intake period Tin is expressed by the following equation.

Tin=R1・C2・lnP+1/P2+1 ...(2) Here, P is the secondary pressure from pressure reducing valve 2, P1, P2
is the operating pressure of the first switching valve 7 and the second switching valve 8, R1 is the flow path resistance of the throttle 19, and C1 and C2 are the volumes of the tanks 22 and 23.

When switching valve 3 is switched to position A2, pressure reducing valve 2
The intake gas from the ports 3a, 3 of the switching valve 3
b to the flow paths 6 and 24, respectively. A small amount of the gas supplied to the port 3b is continuously leaked from a throttle 100 provided in the middle of the flow path 39.
At this time, the pilot pressure in the flow path 24 causes the switching valve 26 to be connected to the offset position L.
Therefore, in addition to the aforementioned throttle 19 that determines the exhalation time Tex and the inhalation time Tin, the pilot pressure is applied to the flow path 20 of the second switching valve 8 through another throttle 27 in parallel. In this way, flow path 2
The time course of the pilot pressure at 0 during the expiration time Tex is greater than the slope in FIG. 2 and the expiration time Tex is therefore shorter.

Even during the intake time Tin, the pilot pressure in the flow path 17 flows through the throttle 27 in parallel to the throttle 19, so that the intake time Tin becomes shorter.
In this way the breathing rate is increased. Other operations are the same as when the switching valve 3 is connected to position A1 as described above.

When switching valve 3 is connected to position A2,
The exhalation time Tex is expressed by the following formula.

Tex=R1・R2/R1+R2C1P−P1/P+1……(3) In addition, the intake time Tin is expressed by the following formula.

Tin=R1・R2/R1+R2C2LnP+1/P2+1 ……(4) Here, R2 indicates the flow path resistance of the throttle 27.

When the switching valve 3 is connected to the position B, intake gas is continuously supplied from the flow path 28 to the breathing valve and the mask 4 through the restriction 29, and oxygen can be inhaled.

When the switching valve 3 is connected to the position C, inspiratory gas is continuously supplied to the manual breathing valve and the mask 5 through the flow path 30, and manual artificial respiration can be performed.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, parts corresponding to those in the embodiment shown in FIG. It should be noted that the switching valve 3 has positions A3 and A4 in addition to positions A1 and A2, and the switching valve 3 is selected so that the expiration time and inhalation time become shorter as the positions A3 and A4 are reached, and therefore the respiration rate increases. can do. At positions A1 and A2, operations similar to those in the embodiment of FIG. 1 are performed. At this time, check valves 33, 34;
5 and 36, the switching valves 37 and 38 are in their normal positions P and S, and are closed.

When position A3 is selected, port of switching valve 3
Intake gas is supplied from the pressure reducing valve 2 to 3C, whereby the pilot pressure in the flow path 39 causes the switching valve 37 to be at the offset position N, and via the check valve 35 to set the switching valve 26 to the offset position L. Therefore, during the expiration time Tex and the inspiratory time Tin, the pilot pressures of the pilot ports 7b and 8a change with the throttles 19, 27, and 41 connected in parallel, thereby changing the expiratory time Tex and the inspiratory time.
Tin is determined to be short. Inhalation gas to the breathing valve and mask 4 flows from the flow path 39 through the check valve 33 to the flow path 1.
1.

When the switching valve 3 is connected to the position A4, the intake gas flowing from the port 3d through the flow path 40 is transferred to the switching valve 3.
The switching valve 38 is given as a pilot pressure of 8.
becomes the offset position Q, and the switching valve 37 is set to the offset position N via the check valve 36, and the switching valve 26 is set to the offset position L via the check valve 35. This allows exhalation time Tex
The pilot pressure changes through the four parallel throttles 19, 27, 41, and 42, and the inspiratory time Tex and the inspiratory time
Tin is determined to be even shorter. Breathing valve and mask 4
Intake gas is supplied from the flow path 40 to the flow path 11 via the check valve 34. Position at switching valve 3
When switching from the A4 side to the position A1, the intake gas in the flow paths 40, 39, 24 flows to the ports 3d, 3.
c, 3b are opened to the atmosphere, thereby causing the switching valves 38, 37, 26 to move to their normal positions S, P,
It becomes possible to return to M and cut it off.

In other embodiments of the invention, the check valves 35 or 36 may be omitted and the flow paths 24 and 39 or the flow paths 39 and 40 may be mutually isolated. In this way, when position A3 of the switching valve 3 is selected, the switching valve 3
7 becomes conductive, so that the pilot pressure which determines the expiratory time Tex and the inspiratory time Tin flows through only the throttles 19 and 41. Further, when position A4 of the switching valve 3 is selected, only the offset position Q of the switching valve 38 becomes conductive, so that the pilot fluid flows only through the throttles 19 and 42.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram of still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram for explaining its operation. In this embodiment, corresponding parts in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted. The noteworthy features are the pilot port 7b to which pilot pressure is applied in the direction that brings the first switching valve 7 to the offset position E, and the pilot port 8a to which pilot pressure is applied in the direction to bring the second switching valve 8 to the normal position G. means variable volume tank 44,4
It communicates with tank chambers 46 and 47 of No. 5. Check valve 1
A throttle 48 connected in parallel with 6 determines the expiration time Tex. A throttle 49 connected in parallel to the check valve 31
determines the intake time Tin and is connected to the flow path 9.

In the tank 44, the tank chamber 46 is defined by a large diameter piston 50 and a small diameter piston 51. Pistons 50 and 51 are connected by a connecting rod 52. A pressure receiving surface of the piston 50 opposite to the tank chamber 46 is connected to the port 3b of the switching valve 3 via a flow path 53. The side of the small-diameter piston 51 opposite to the tank chamber 46 is opened to the atmosphere. Similarly, a large diameter piston 54 and a small diameter piston 55 are connected to the other tank 45 by a connecting rod 56.

When selector valve 3 is selected to position A1, pressure reducing valve 2
The intake gas from the port 3a passes through the first switching valve 7.
is applied to the flow path 9 through the normal position D, whereby the second switching valve 9 and the switching valve 10 are at offset positions F and I. Therefore, switching valve 1
0 is a shut-off state, and the intake gas from the port 3a flows from the offset position F of the second switching valve 8 through the flow path 21 and from the flow path 15 to the first switching valve 7.
The pressure is also applied to the first switching valve 7 via the check valve 16 as pilot pressure. The pilot pressure in the pilot port 8a of the second switching valve 8 gradually increases due to the action of the throttle 49 as time passes from time t0 to time t1, as shown in FIG. At this time, the port 3b of the switching valve 3 and the flow paths 24, 53 are open to the atmosphere, so the pistons 50, 51 of the tank 44 are displaced to the right in FIG. 4, and the pistons 54, 55 of the tank 45 are It is displaced to the left, so tank chambers 46, 47
has the largest volume. The pilot pressure of the pilot port 8a of the second switching valve 8 shown in FIG. 51 is lower than the pilot pressure of the pilot port 8b shown in FIG. When reaching this point, the second switching valve 8 becomes the normal position G, and the flow path 21 is opened to the atmosphere. Therefore, at time t1, the pilot pressure at the pilot port 7b of the first switching valve 7 decreases due to the action of the throttle 48 from time t1 to time t2, as shown in FIG. time
When the pilot pressure in the pilot port 7b drops to the operating pressure P1 of the first switching valve 7 at t2,
The first switching valve 7 is switched to the normal position D again. In this way, from time t1 to time t2, the intake gas is supplied from the flow path 11 to the breathing valve and the mask 4 through the switching valve 10 as shown in FIG. 5.

When switching valve 3 is switched to position A2, pressure reducing valve 2
The intake gas is supplied from the port 3b to the tanks 44 and 45 via the flow path 24. Therefore, the pistons 50, 51 are displaced to the left in FIG. 4, the pistons 54, 55 are displaced to the right in FIG. 4, and the volumes of the tank chambers 46, 47 are minimized. Therefore, the exhalation time Tex and the inhalation time Tin become short, and the respiration rate increases.

When switching valve 3 is connected to position A1,
The exhalation time Tex and the inhalation time Tin are expressed as follows.

Tex=R1・C1・P−P1/P+1 ...(5) Tin=R2・C2・lnP+1/P2+1 ...(6) Here, C1 and C2 are the volumes of the tank chambers 46 and 47.

When the switching valve 3 is connected to position A2, the exhalation time Tex and the inhalation time Tin are expressed by the following equations.

Tex=R1(C1-α)P-P1/P+1...(7) Tin=R2(C2-β)lnP+1/P2+1...(8) Here, α and β are the volume reductions of tank chambers 46 and 47. be.

FIG. 6 is a system diagram of still another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the previous embodiment and corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals. A notable feature is that in addition to the tank 22, the pilot port 7b, to which the pilot pressure in the direction of the offset position E of the first switching valve 7 is applied, has a tank 58,
59 are connected via switching valves 60 and 61, respectively, to form one tank group 62. Pilot port 8 to which pilot pressure is applied in the direction of normal position G of second switching valve 8
In addition to tank 23, tanks 63 and 64 are included in a.
are connected via switching valves 65 and 66, respectively, to form another tank group 67. Pilot pressure is applied to the switching valves 60 and 65 from the flow path 24. The switching valves 61 and 66 have a flow path 6
Pilot pressure is applied from 8. Fluid from flow path 68 is guided to flow path 24 through check valve 69 .
When position A1 of the switching valve 3 is selected, the exhalation time Tex and the inhalation time Tin are the same as those in the tank 22,
It is defined by a volume of 23 and is the shortest. When position A2 of the switching valve 3 is selected, the switching valve 60,
The offset positions U1 and U3 of 65 are connected, so the exhalation time Tex is the same as that of tanks 23 and 63.
The intake time Tin depends on the sum of the volumes of tanks 2 and 2.
2,58, which makes the exhalation time Tex and the inhalation time Tin relatively long. Intake gas is supplied from the flow path 11 via the port 3b or the check valve 25.

When the switching valve 3 is in the connected state, the intake gas from the port 3c is guided to the flow path 68 as pilot pressure, and the switching valves 61 and 66 are switched to the offset positions W1 and W3. At the same time, the check valve 69 switches the switching valves 60, 65 to their offset positions U1, U3. Thus, the exhalation time Tex depends on the volume of the tanks 23, 63, and 64, and the inhalation time Tin depends on the volumes of the tanks 22, 63, and 64.
Depending on the sum of the tank volumes of 58 and 59, these times Tex and Tin are the longest. Inhalation gas is given to the breathing valve and mask 4 from the flow path 11 via the check valve 70 from the port 3c.

Note that when position A1 of the switching valve 3 is selected, no pilot pressure is applied to the flow paths 24, 68, so the switching valves 60, 61, 65, 66 are at their normal positions U2, W2, U4, W4. It is in a shut-off state.

When the check valve 69 is removed and the flow paths 24 and 68 are separated from each other, the switching valves 60 and 65 are in the normal position when the switching valve 3 is in the position A3.
U2, U4 remain and therefore expiratory time Tex
depends on the sum of the volumes of the tanks 23 and 64, and the intake time Tin depends on the sum of the volumes of the tanks 22 and 59.

As yet another embodiment of the present invention, the switching valve 3
It is also possible to provide a larger number of positions to change the exhalation time and inhalation time, and therefore the respiration rate, in even more steps.

As described above, according to the present invention, an artificial respiration device can be realized with a simple structure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 1,
3 is a system diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a system diagram of still another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of FIG. 4, and FIG. The figure is a system diagram of still another embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Intake gas pressure source, 2... Pressure reducing valve, 3... Switching valve, 4, 5... Mask, 7... First double pilot type spring offset type 2-position switching valve, 8... Second Double pilot type spring offset type 2-position switching valve, 10... Open/close valve, 1
8, 26, 37, 38, 60, 61, 65, 66
...Switching valve, 16,31...Check valve, 19,2
7, 41, 42, 48, 49...Aperture, 22, 2
3,58,59,63,64...Tank, 44,
45...variable volume tank, 62, 67...tank group.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. From the first double-piloted spring offset type two-position switching valve in the normal position to the second
Apply pilot pressure in the direction of the offset position of both pilot type spring offset type two-position switching valves, from the second switching valve in the offset position to the first switching valve.
Applying pilot pressure in the direction of the normal position of the switching valve and in the direction of the offset position of the first switching valve via the first check valve, from the first switching valve in the normal position or to the offset position. A pilot pressure is applied from a certain second switching valve in the direction of the normal position of the second switching valve via the throttle, and from the first switching valve in the offset position to the second switching valve.
The pilot pressure in the direction of the offset position of the switching valve is removed, and the pilot pressure in the direction of the normal position of the first switching valve is transferred from the second switching valve in the normal position to the offset position of the first switching valve via the throttle. Removing the pilot pressure in the direction of the normal position of the second switching valve from the first switching valve in the offset position or the second switching valve in the normal position via the check valve, An artificial suction device characterized in that an inspiratory gas from an inspiratory gas pressure source is supplied to a mask according to a pilot pressure from a first or second switching valve. 2. The artificial respiration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intake gas from the intake gas pressure source is supplied through an on-off valve that responds to pilot pressure from a first or second switching valve. . 3. The artificial respiration apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of said throttles are provided in relation to each other, and the manner in which the throttles are connected is changed by a switching valve. 4 a pilot port to which pilot pressure is applied in the direction of the offset position of the first switching valve;
The artificial respiration apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pilot ports to which pilot pressure is applied in the direction of the normal position of the second switching valve are respectively connected to variable volume tanks. . 5 a pilot port to which pilot pressure is applied in the direction of the offset position of the first switching valve;
A tank group consisting of a plurality of interconnected tanks is connected to each pilot port to which pilot pressure is applied in the direction of the normal position of the second switching valve. 3. The artificial respiration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connection mode of the tanks included in each tank group is changed accordingly.