JPH02503165A - Ferrohydrostatic separation device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Ferrohydrostatic separation device Technical field The present invention relates to increasing the concentration of ores, and in particular to ferrohydrostatic separation devices. related.

The present invention utilizes density to separate non-ferrous metal scrap from non-magnetic non-ferrous metal scraps. It can be best used in metallurgy.

Background technology The invention can also be used for ore beneficiation in the mining and smelting industry.

The tendency for the content of useful components in mined non-magnetic ores to decrease more and more is now increasing. In response, demand for non-magnetic metals is increasing rapidly in the global market. It is used in the field of electrotechnical industry and in other fields. The amount of multi-component non-magnetic metal scrap used in This indicates that the amount of cables being recycled is increasing. however, This scrapped metal cannot be fully used. The reason is that non- In order to compensate for the shortage of magnetic metals, scrap metals are separated in the form of alloys and industrial This is because it is not possible to obtain equipment that can be manufactured on a global scale.

A Japanese-American company is processing scrap non-magnetic metal in the form of small pieces into a ferrofluid static Processing methods and techniques for concentrating and separating using a mechanical separator pilot plant It is known that advances have been made in the field of technology.

Hitachi, Ltd. in Japan produces aluminum, zinc, and copper from automobile scrap. We have already developed a pilot plant to separate non-magnetic metals such as The pilot plant is equipped with a reservoir, which is made of diesel oil. It is filled with a ferromagnetic liquid, and the dispersed phase of this ferromagnetic liquid has an oleic acid shell. It contains magnetite particles with a size of 100 angstroms, and , this pilot plant is provided with a magnetic device, which magnetic device is connected to said reservoir. It has a magnetic pole gap for accommodating the bar. This reservoir has car slap This scrap is a particle, and this particle is The particle size ranges from 6 to 25 mm L. This separator is a It is not useful when used to recover aluminum from metals in The recovery rate is only 80% at most, and 20% of aluminum The aluminum is separated as a mixture of copper and zinc, therefore the purity of the product is low.

The U.S. Bureau of Mines has demagnetized a mechanical mixture obtained by burning industrial and domestic waste. Developed and tested a ferrohydrostatic separation device for recovering magnetic metals. ing.

The separation device has a reservoir, which is installed between the magnetic poles of the magnetic device. The ferromagnetic liquid is made by adding oleic acid to light oil. Magnetite is suspended in this by adding 7 to 12 percent. this magnetism The magnetic poles of the device are separated from each other with respect to the horizontal plane that forms the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid. It is tilted in a direction that allows the compound particles to be taken out. This separation device also The mechanical mixture supply device is attached to the reservoir. Ru. This separation device further includes a mechanical system for removing particles of the separated mechanical mixture. It has equipment.

This separator is made of 58.5% aluminum, 14.8% Contains zinc and 19.7 percent copper, and also contains lead, tin, and silicon oxide. It was used to separate mechanical mixtures containing particles. this The drawback of conventional separation equipment is that aluminum cannot be recovered efficiently. Therefore, the recovered aluminum contains 5.5 percent copper and 10.7 percent lead. This means that the percentage is included.

Further separation of this by-product requires additional expense; The cost for implementing this process becomes even more expensive.

To rapidly analyze non-magnetic ores to determine their composition and potential for effective use, There are no known ferrohydrostatic separation devices that have been developed and produced commercially. Ru.

This kind of practically developed separation device has sufficient accuracy as a rapid analysis device. have. However, this separator operates periodically and does not operate continuously. cannot operate and its output is too low (less than 50 kg/h) .

This ferrohydrostatic separation device mechanical mixture separation method uses ferromagnetic liquid Solid particles immersed in water are separated using buoyancy, and this buoyancy is generated inside the ferromagnetic liquid by the action of the non-uniform magnetic field formed by the magnetic device of the separating device. is the hydrostatic pressure.

The conditions for separation of mechanical mixtures with different densities within the mechanical mixture are not equal. The following formula: %formula% Here, ρ1 is the apparent density of the liquid, ρ is the density of light particles, ρ2 is the density of heavy particles.

The apparent density ρ of the ferromagnetic liquid in this non-uniform magnetic field is expressed by the following equation (1): % formula % (1) It is determined by

where ρr is the physical density of the ferromagnetic liquid; is the volumetric magnetic sensitivity of the ferromagnetic liquid; μ. is the degree of vacuum leakage; H is the strength of the magnetic field where the particles of the mechanical mixture are present; gradH is the component of the magnetic field strength in the part where the particles of the mechanical mixture are present; g is the acceleration of free fall.

Each particle of the mechanical mixture in the ferromagnetic liquid is subjected to the following force:

1. The first force is the following formula: %formula% where ■ and ρ are expressed by ■−πd3/G. volume and density of spherical particles, expressed as V-πd　3/G for other shapes. are the volume and density of spherical particles. However, d is the equivalent diameter.

2. The second force is expressed by the ponderoIotlVe force of the ferromagnetic liquid. is the hydrostatic pressure Fit that is applied, and this hydrostatic pressure Fp is expressed as (2 ) formula:% formula% is the hydrostatic pressure acting on a volume of ferromagnetic liquid represented by .

3. The third force is the following formula (3): % formula % (3) It is the buoyant force expressed by

Particles experience fluid resistance as they move through the layer of ferromagnetic liquid. This fluid resistance is the relationship between the particle velocity and acceleration, the density, the diameter and shape, and the viscosity of the ferromagnetic liquid. It is a function. When the viscosity of the ferromagnetic liquid has a Reynolds number R of 20 to 350 The fluid resistance of is the Newton-Littenga equation: %formula% It can be found by

Here, ■ is the velocity of the particle.

The Reynolds number R−V−d,·ρf/η indicates the flow of this fluid.

When using non-magnetic scrap in the form of small pieces less than 1 mm in size, In this case, the fatal force acting on the particle is the viscous resistance, which is Stokes equation: %formula% It can be found by

Here, η is the absolute viscosity coefficient.

A ferromagnetic liquid was applied to the inhomogeneous magnetic field created by this separation device. Sometimes the surface of this ferromagnetic liquid forms the boundary between two media, i.e. between liquid and air. At the boundary, the shape matches the magnetic field lines. The surface of this liquid becomes convex.

When separating non-magnetic metals, the apparent density of the ferromagnetic liquid is smaller than its density. Particles that have a high temperature rise to the surface of this liquid. Furthermore, each of the surfaces of this liquid A lateral component of gravity Fg□ is applied to the particle, and this lateral component of gravity Fg□ Push each particle on the surface of this liquid towards the magnetic pole to keep it on the surface of the reservoir. hold These particles accumulate near the magnetic poles. The lateral component of gravity Fg□ is given by the following formula : %formula% Here, β is the angle that the ferromagnetic liquid makes with the horizontal plane with reference to the two axes.

For the particles in the column of ferromagnetic liquid and the particles on the surface of this ferromagnetic liquid, A force is applied, which causes the particles to move. The movement of this particle is towards the following pair Equation: pd x/di-uo・ni-H-dH/dx+ρ・g-sina-V2 pa, /2d, ρd Y/dt-μ0・ni-H-dH/dy+ρ・g-V ρ ay/2d-ρr”g, pd z/dt-p・g-sin±μo・ni・H-dH /dz-■2～/2d・・・・・・・・・(5) is expressed by

Here, α is the inclination angle that the ferromagnetic liquid makes with the horizontal plane with the y-axis as the reference, ρ, ρ, and ρ are apparently density components.

ax ay az For simplicity of explanation, assume that the particles are spherical and the magnetic fields between the magnetic poles are parallel planes. Assume that

These equations have many variables, most of which are unrelated. It is the body. Certain magnetic devices, certain ferromagnetic liquids, and certain mechanical mixtures A partial solution may exist only for the identified separation device consisting of .

Mechanical mixtures of scrapped non-magnetic metals are ferromagnetic with limited height separated by a liquid layer. The parameters governing the thickness of this ferromagnetic liquid layer are the usable magnetic field between the magnetic poles of the magnetic device of the separation device and the magnetization (J) of the ferromagnetic liquid; Its physical density (ρρ).

What should be noted here is that when measuring the component of the strength of the magnetic force between the magnetic poles, In the gap between the magnetic poles below the part where the separation is the smallest, this component of magnetic force strength This means that the sign of is reversed. The height h) of this ferromagnetic liquid layer is determined by the magnetic field Governed by the way that ferromagnetic fluids act on the ferromagnetic liquid, the following equation: % formula % (6) It can be expressed by

There is a condition that brings the layer of ferromagnetic liquid into an equilibrium state, and this condition is expressed by the following equation: %formula% can be obtained if the following holds true.

Here, Fl is the magnetic force acting on the magnetic poles above the part where the distance between the magnetic poles is the minimum. and F2 is the magnetic force acting on the magnetic poles below the part where the distance between the magnetic poles is the minimum.

The above magnetic force has the following relationship: F--μo-JdH1/dy; F − μ ・J dH2/dy; It is expressed as

Analyzing the above relationship, the height of the column of ferromagnetic liquid in the gap between the magnetic poles can be calculated using the following equation: : %formula% It can be found using

When separating mechanical mixtures, the strength of the magnetic force in the gap between the magnetic poles is not large, and the ferromagnetic liquid equipment for removing separated particles if the layers cannot be brought into equilibrium may be used to maintain this layer at a sufficiently high position. do this method In order to remove that ferromagnetic liquid, use a column of other liquids that do not mix with the ferromagnetic liquid. needs to be pushed upward hydrostatically.

In this case, the following formula: %formula% must be satisfied.

The height of the column to push this ferromagnetic liquid upward is determined by the following equation: %formula%) It can be found using

For the ferrohydrostatic reduction M device, mechanical analysis of scrapped non-magnetic metals Efforts have already been made to improve the separation quality of mixtures (U.S. Application No. ．． No. 265.458). This separation device is equipped with a magnetic device, which has two magnetic poles attached, and these two magnetic poles are shaped so as to form a magnetic field. The strength of this magnetic field increases along the height of the magnetic pole gap and along the y-axis at the top. from the highest value at the bottom to the lowest value at the bottom. , has a reservoir made of non-magnetic metal and inserted into the gap between the magnetic poles. It is filled with a ferromagnetic liquid.

A magnetic member is provided in the part that supplies the mechanical mixture, and this magnetic member is separated. It is also provided in the part where the particles are taken out.

Each such magnetic member is shaped like a triangular prism, one face of which is held by a magnetic pole. , the other surface of this triangular prism is continuous with the magnetic pole surface, and the third surface of this triangular prism is The plane forms a plane that is inclined at an acute angle to the X-axis in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic pole gap. .

This magnetic member forms a local magnetic field, and the component of the strength of this local magnetic field is The gap between the magnetic poles points in the direction of the y-axis.

When a mechanical mixture is fed into a ferromagnetic liquid, the particles of this mechanical mixture are , unaffected by buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure, and by the local magnetic field described above. subjected to the action of an additional magnetic force created. This force is caused by the ferromagnetic nature of the particles near the magnetic poles. Prevents accumulation on the surface of the liquid and accelerates the movement of particles to the separation area .

Mechanical mixtures of scrapped non-magnetic metals can be separated in high quality using gravity. It is well known that this separation minimizes the proportion of lighter particles among heavier particles. The length of the separation part must be sufficiently long. Ru. Expressing this in other words, in order to cause heavy particles to settle at a certain speed, This means that the distance between the magnetic pole gaps in the X-axis direction must be sufficiently long. Ru. If the difference in the density of the particles of the mechanical mixture is small, the length of the separated part is It has to be longer. In this conventional separation equipment, the mechanical mixture The gravitational differential separation of the particles takes place outside the local magnetic field. after that , the particles of the mechanical mixture floating on the surface of the separated part are pushed by the lateral force and form the magnetic poles. heavy particles that move in the direction of and are retained on the surface of the reservoir and accumulate there traps and forms fluff-like nodules. The fluffy nodules near the surface of this magnetic pole The formation impedes the movement of particles on the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid, which makes gravity-based machines significantly reduces the quality of separation of chemical mixtures.

Furthermore, in the separated part, the difference in density from other particles is small and the apparent density of the ferromagnetic liquid is Particles with a small difference in density are found in areas where the depth in the liquid layer is very close. Move in minutes. Therefore, the appearance of a ferromagnetic liquid is a particle with a density smaller than its density. Separation of children becomes very difficult. As a result, it consists of particles with similar densities When mechanically separating mixtures, it is always necessary to draw on the lighter particles after they emerge. Subsequently, heavy particles etc. come out, resulting in a decrease in efficiency.

Ferrohydrostatic forces improve the separation quality of mechanical mixtures with close particle densities This ferrohydrostatic separator comprises a magnetic device. This magnetic device has two magnetic poles shaped to form a magnetic field. The strength of the magnetic field formed by Vertically varied, this separation device additionally has a reservoir made of non-magnetic metal. , this reservoir is filled with a ferromagnetic liquid that is placed between the magnetic poles.

A partition member is provided inside the reservoir, and this partition member has already been separated. It is for guiding the particles of the mechanical mixture that is being mixed. This partition member is a ferromagnetic attached within a layer of liquid and at an acute angle to the particle's gravitational vector Transition along a triangular prism. The base of this triangular prism is held by the wall next to the reservoir. There is. This transition of the partition member is necessary. The reason is that small density particles This is because the layer of ferromagnetic liquid to be moved is limited. This known separation device comprising a feeding device for a mechanical mixture of scrapped non-magnetic metals; is mounted on the surface of a ferromagnetic liquid and held by magnetic poles. Also, this The known separation device further comprises a device for removing the particles of the separated mechanical mixture. The device for removing the particles of this separated mechanical mixture is integrated with the reservoir. It has become. The magnetic poles of this magnetic device are tilted in the direction in which the particles of the mechanical mixture move. It's slanted.

A mechanical mixture of scrapped non-magnetic metals was fed onto the surface of a ferromagnetic liquid Sometimes, the particles of the mechanical mixture are subjected to the action of a horizontal component of the magnetic field strength, In addition, it is affected by the lateral component of gravity F. This ferromagnetic liquid z The surface of the body is in a state corresponding to the shape of the magnetic force at the boundary between liquid and air. this table The surface becomes convex. In this case, by acting on particles with hold it on the surface next to the bar. Lighter particles accumulate near the magnetic poles and trap heavier particles. and form fluff-like nodules. Due to the formation of fluff-like nodules near the surface of the magnetic pole, Therefore, the cross-sectional area of the gap between the magnetic poles in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the magnetic poles is reduced.

As a result, the separator reduces its output and eventually stops. moreover, This known separation device has another drawback. It is the production of this separation equipment The quality of the product is poor. The reason is that the ratio of light particles to heavy particles is This is because there are other inconveniences.

Another drawback is that the particles of higher density than the apparent density of the ferromagnetic liquid form in the layer of the ferromagnetic liquid. This flow of particles contains light particles as they move through the air. These light The particles are held together by adhesive forces and viscosity and quickly rise to the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid. Ru. These lighter particles reduce the quality of the heavier particles.

Density very close to that of mechanical mixtures of scrap aluminum alloys For example, separation of particles with a density of 2.63 grams per cubic centimeter aluminum-magnesium alloy with a density of 2.67 grams per cubic centimeter High-quality aluminum alloy is separated from aluminum and silicon alloy, which are This is possible using known separation equipment that can produce high-quality products for production. So If you use a partition member of It is possible to limit the layer of sexual liquid.

Disclosure of invention The purpose of the present invention is to form an additional magnetic force in the gap between the magnetic poles and use this magnetic force to The mechanical mixture is divided by increasing the movement of particles and heavy particles in the direction of the X and Z axes. The object of the present invention is to create a ferrohydrostatic separation device that can improve the effectiveness of separation.

The ferrohydrostatic separation device provided herein consists of two or more magnetic poles forming a magnetic field. A magnetic device is provided with a magnetic field whose strength varies depending on the height of the magnetic pole. The range of change in magnetic field strength is from the maximum value at the bottom of the magnetic pole to the top of the magnetic pole. This ferrohydrostatic separator furthermore A reservoir is provided, the reservoir being made of non-magnetic material and filled with a ferromagnetic liquid. attached to the gap between the magnetic poles, this ferrohydrostatic separator further includes , a feeding device for a mechanical mixture of non-magnetic materials is provided; The ferromagnetic fluid is A static separator further includes particles separated from a mechanical mixture of non-magnetic materials. A discharge device for the separated particles is provided, and this discharge device for the separated particles is integrated with the reservoir. This is a ferrohydrostatic separator with According to the invention, a member made of ferromagnetic material is attached between the magnetic poles. to form a local magnetic field within the column of ferromagnetic liquid, and the magnetic force of each local magnetic field is the vector makes an angle to the vector of the velocity of the particles of the mechanical mixture .

This ferrohydrostatic separation device is suitable for separating particles of large or small density in mechanical mixtures. The separation quality of the particles can be considerably improved.

The apparent density of a ferromagnetic liquid is much smaller in the local magnetic field than in the separated part. is important. The particles of the mechanical mixture are placed inside a column of ferromagnetic liquid or When moving on the surface of a magnetic liquid, the particles of this mechanical mixture are An additional magnetic force is exerted, which is formed by a localized magnetic field. This mechanical mixture The interaction of particles with apparently dense parts changes the migration path of the particles, The residence time of the particles in the column of ferromagnetic liquid can be extended.

When fluff-like nodules are formed on the surface of a ferromagnetic liquid, the fluff-like nodules are locally When moving along the X-axis under the action of an additional magnetic force formed by a magnetic field It moves in a reciprocating motion along the Z axis. Due to the movement of such fluff-like lumps, Therefore, the surface force of the ferromagnetic liquid and the interaction force between the particles of the mechanical mixture are It becomes easier to overcome. As a result, the fluffy nodules disintegrate and the free heavy particles become stronger. The light particles settle in a column of magnetic liquid and continue to move on the surface of this liquid. It moves in a direction to take out the separated particles from the reservoir.

The heavy particles of the mechanical mixture become ferromagnetic as they move through the column of ferromagnetic liquid. The apparent density of the liquid is determined by separating particles with a density smaller than the density at the separation part, and the apparent density of the liquid is When it passes through a higher density area, it changes its path and moves along this area. child The direction of movement of is the direction that removes the settled particles from the reservoir. In this case, minutes The apparent density of the ferromagnetic liquid in the separated part is smaller than the density of the particles, and the large hydrostatic pressure Force acts. This large hydrostatic pressure separates lighter particles from heavier particles, These light particles float on the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid and move in the discharge direction with other light particles. Ru.

Each member is made like a rod equidistant from each other, and the intersecting member is a reservoir. and connect all these rods using cross members into a layer of ferromagnetic liquid. , forms a plane parallel to the vector of velocity of the particles of the mechanical mixture, and this plane One receiver connects the end of the dish to the mechanical mixture supply section perpendicular to the axis of the rod, with a ferromagnetic The other receptacle on this side is placed below the surface of the liquid, while the other receptacle on this side is below the surface of the liquid. The ends are also perpendicular to the axis of the rod and placed in a layer of ferromagnetic liquid to maximize the strength of the magnetic field. It is preferable to provide it in a certain area.

It has a magnetic field strength (H) and a magnetic field strength component (gradH) that are larger than the separated part. A local magnetic field is formed in the separated part, and the part where this local magnetic field is formed is Between the rods of this separated part and on top of this rod. The reason for doing this is This is because the distance between these rods is too small. This local magnetic field is ferromagnetic Acting on the liquid, the hydrostatic pressure in these parts is greater than in the separated parts. form an enclosure. This range is equidistant to the rod. This hydrostatic pressure The force is expressed by the sensitivity of the rod and the ferromagnetic liquid. This hydrostatic pressure force The size of the surface that the rod forms is the smallest near the edge of the dish, and this area is located below the level of the ferromagnetic liquid and the level of the mechanical mixture supply section, The magnitude of this hydrostatic pressure force is such that the other receiver on the surface gradually increases in the direction of the edge of the dish. increases gradually until it reaches its maximum value.

This receiver is placed at the end of the dish where the strength of the ferromagnetic liquid is greatest.

A heavy particle and its lighter particle will move as soon as the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid changes. Change route. The effect of changing this movement path is due to the action of a local magnetic field. This is a function of the hydrostatic pressure that forms in a ferromagnetic liquid, and this path of movement is It is a direction that makes an angle to the vector of gravity. These particles are transferred on the rod. start the movement. A lighter particle when a large hydrostatic pressure moves this particle is separated from the heavier particles and floats to the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid, and on the surface of this ferromagnetic liquid, , are emitted along with other light particles. This method uses mechanical mixtures of non-magnetic metals to Non-magnetic metals can be recovered even more efficiently.

In addition, each member partially constitutes a conical part cut along the axis of symmetry of the conical part, And, a spherical base is provided on that surface, and this base is held along the generatrix of the curved part of the magnetic pole. and the said members are placed equidistantly in front and behind each other along the generatrix of the curved part of the magnetic pole. and away from other magnetic poles, whereas the top of the conical part be in the same direction as the i degree vector of the particles of the mechanical mixture on the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid. It is preferable that

Depending on the structure and shape of these members, the strength H and the component gradH of that strength can be determined. Forms a local magnetic field larger than the strength H of the separated part and the component gradH of that strength can do. Each such local magnetic field interacts with the ferromagnetic liquid , the degree of curvature of the surface in the Z-axis direction is changed, and the surrounding area of each member is The height of the ferromagnetic liquid level at the separation part is the height of the ferromagnetic liquid level at raise it to a higher position. This particle interaction eliminates the lateral force F Ru. This lateral force F is caused by gz mechanical mixing. It is the force that holds the compound particles to the side walls of the reservoir. This makes separation even more efficient. It can be made into something.

The formation of fluff-like nodules in the feed section of the mechanical mixture is influenced by the local magnetic field. This local magnetic field causes these fluffy nodules to rotate about their axis. A moment of pushing force is generated, and a force is also generated that causes the object to move crosswise. let As a result, the fluff-like nodules are destroyed, and the appearance of the ferromagnetic liquid in the separated part becomes smaller than its density. Particles with higher density will sink to the bottom.

This ferrohydrostatic separator has a variable cross-sectional area along the axis of each magnetic pole. Let the range of change in the cross-sectional area of this magnetic pole be the minimum cross-sectional area in the mechanical mixture supply part. product, with the largest cross-sectional area at the part where the separated particles of the mechanical mixture are discharged. It is preferable to do so.

When magnetic poles are made in this way, the density of magnetic field lines inside the magnetic poles changes. , therefore the local magnetic field strength changes and the range of this local magnetic field strength change has its maximum value in the mechanical mixture supply section, and in the mechanical mixture light particle discharge section. This is the range that gives the minimum value in minutes. As a result, the surface of the magnetic pole is uniform along its axis. It forms a gap where the magnetic potential is constant but changes. This mechanical mixture supply The magnetic potential of the surface of the magnetic pole at the part and the ejecting part of the separated particles The difference between the magnetic potential of the surface of the magnetic pole and the magnetic potential of the surface of the magnetic pole in these parts is It is determined by the difference in the degree of saturation. As a result, the strength H in the gap between the magnetic poles is The vector in the opposite direction to the vector of movement of the particles of the mechanical mixture above the surface of the magnetic liquid. distributed to form a specified component of magnetic strength (gradH) with tor do. The strength H of this ferromagnetic liquid layer in the gap between the magnetic poles and its specified component (gradH) forms the horizontal component of the hydrostatic pressure F1x , this horizontal component is due to the mechanical mixture particles moving above the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid. parallel to the vector. This horizontal component acts on the particles of the mechanical mixture. to remove these particles from the feed section in a timely manner.

Furthermore, particles of the mechanical mixture inside and on the surface of the layer of ferromagnetic liquid are added from the supply section to Move the separated particles in the direction of the discharge section. This allows separation processing on the one hand. on the other hand, and improve the efficiency of the separation process as a whole. I can do it.

A ferrohydrostatic separation device made in accordance with the present invention comprises scrap metal, typically lead armored waste (metallic mixture of copper and lead) It is used to separate aluminum and lead (metal mixtures of aluminum and lead). Ru. This ferrohydrostatic separation device is capable of recovering lightweight objects and The material is aluminum or copper, which contains less than 1% impurity. contains things. In addition, this ferrohydrostatic separation device is capable of recovering heavy objects. In this case, the heavy items include lighter items weighing less than 2%. Ru.

When disposing of scrapped household wireless electronic devices, this is a mixture of metals, and this metal is made of aluminum, copper, and tin and lead. If the solder is aluminum mixed with copper and tin/lead solder, and aluminum with less than 2% It is possible to recover products consisting of copper, tin and lead mixed with aluminum. Wear. Separation of mechanical mixtures of non-magnetic metals by this method produces high-quality alloys. A product can be provided that can be used to produce.

Other objects and advantages of the invention can be found in the following detailed form and related drawings: It becomes clearer.

Brief description of the drawing FIG. 1 shows a device designed according to the invention for separating particles of a dense mechanical mixture. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a scaled ferrohydrostatic separation device according to the present invention. Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a device that forms a localized magnetic field. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic separation device taken along the line A top view of the server, FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a ferrohydrostatic separation device designed for separation; FIG.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Mechanical mixtures of non-magnetic materials, e.g. in household radio-electronic devices or in the form of small pieces Scraped cables and waste armored with lead, small pieces In order to separate objects with a size of 40 mm or less, The instrumented ferrohydrostatic separation device comprises a magnetic device 1 (FIG. 1), This magnetic device 1 has two magnetic poles N-8 with variable cross-sectional areas, and this magnetic pole N-8 has a variable cross-sectional area. It is a shape that forms a field, and the strength H of this magnetic field changes depending on the height of the magnetic pole. The range in which the magnetic field strength changes varies from the maximum magnetic field strength at the bottom of the magnetic pole to the magnetic field strength at the bottom of the magnetic pole. The strength of the magnetic field is at its minimum at the top of the pole; It also changes along the generatrix of the curved part of the magnetic pole, and the strength of this magnetic field is The strength of the magnetic field, which is greatest at the point where the mixture is supplied, makes it possible to transform this mixture into a ferromagnetic up to the minimum magnetic field strength at the exit from the hydrostatic separator. Change.

Moreover, this ferrohydrostatic separation device is additionally made of non-magnetic material It has a reservoir 2 which contains a ferromagnetic liquid 3 and which enters the space between the magnetic poles. Furthermore, this ferrohydrostatic separation device is suitable for mechanical separation of non-magnetic metals. It is equipped with a mechanical mixture supply device 4 for supplying the mixture, and this non-magnetic metal The mixture supply device 4 is provided at a position higher than the liquid level of the ferromagnetic liquid 3, and This ferrohydrostatic separation device mechanically separates non-magnetic metals from A particle discharge device 5 is provided for discharging the collected particles.

The magnetic device 1 has two excitation coils 6, each of which has a bracket. Attached to the yoke 7 by the cut 8, 1. This bracket 8 is attached to frame 9 This frame 9 is attached to the foundation. In addition, the magnetic device 1 The pole N-S is also held by the yoke 7.

A supply device 4 for a mechanical mixture of non-magnetic metals is attached to the magnetic pole N-5 with a bracket 11. A rigidly held hopper 10 and a vibrating chute 12 dynamically coupled to the reservoir 2 It is equipped with This hopper 10 is provided at a higher position than the vibrating chute 12. There is.

For ease of understanding, the heavy particles of the mechanical mixture are shown with black circles, and the light particles are Indicated by an open circle.

The device 5 for discharging particles separated from the mechanical mixture of non-magnetic metals is a flat member 13. , and this flat member 13 is located furthest away from the mechanical mixture on the side wall of the reservoir 2. It is held in the part where it is. The end of this flat member 13 is a reservoir. The two receivers extend beyond the pan and form passages 14 and 15. Passage 14 is heavy grain The passage 15 is for discharging light particles, and the passage 15 is for discharging light particles. Ru.

A member made of ferromagnetic material is provided in the gap between the magnetic poles N-5 and locally within the ferromagnetic fluid. form a strong magnetic field. The magnetic force vector of each local magnetic field is It is inclined with respect to the vector of velocity V. Each of these members is attached to the rod 16 (Fig. 2). It is made in such a shape. This works for dense particles in mechanical mixtures. This is for the purpose of use. The rods 16 are spaced apart from each other and their distances are equal. all All rods 16 are connected by non-magnetic cross members 17 held in reservoir 2 (FIG. 3). are connected to each other to form a surface, which faces in the direction of the heavy particle's velocity vector. They extend parallel to each other. One end of this plane is perpendicular to the axis of the rod 16. Yes, and is provided in the part that supplies the mechanical mixture, and its installation is made of ferromagnetic material. It is located below the liquid level of the fluid. On the other hand, at right angles to the axis of the rod 16 The other side of the plate is located at the edge of the dish, where the magnetic field strength of the ferrofluid is at its maximum. It is located in the part where it will be.

Each member is designed to act on the particles of the mechanical mixture at the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid. , which is shaped so as to partially constitute a conical section 18 (Fig. 4). The part 18 in the form of a partial cone has an elongated hole along the axis of symmetry and has a spherical base. The spherical base is held by the face of the magnetic pole N-5. Conical part 1 8 are provided at equal intervals along the generatrix of the curved portion of the magnetic pole N-8, Each adjacent conical portion 18 transitions into a member of the other pole. The top of this cone is oriented in the same direction as the velocity vector of the particle moving on the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid. Ru.

The ferrohydrostatic separation device made according to the present invention operates as follows.

When power is supplied to the excitation coil 6 (Figure 1), a non-uniform magnetic field is formed in the gap between the magnetic poles. This magnetic field acts on the ferromagnetic liquid. This magnetic field has one strength component grad H, and the vector of this strength component gradH has a distance along the Y axis of magnetic pole N-5. The other strength component of this magnetic field grad The vector of H points along the X-axis of the part supplying the mechanical mixture. this A ferromagnetic liquid requires an apparent density ρ, and this apparent density ρ is calculated by the following formula: is required.

p −p + (μo−/g)・H−gradH.

t Here, ρ is the physical density of the ferromagnetic liquid; is the volumetric magnetic force sensitivity of the ferromagnetic liquid; μ0 is the transparency of vacuum: H is the strength of the magnetic field where the particles of the mechanical mixture are; Component of the magnetic field strength where the particle is located; g is the acceleration of free fall.

The raw mechanical mixture is added to the hopper 10 (Figure 1) and then passed through a vibrating shutter. is added to the ferromagnetic liquid level at 12. in the layer of ferromagnetic liquid 3 The particles of the mechanical mixture are affected by the vertical component FIY of the hydrostatic pressure F1 and the horizontal component FIY. Under the action of the component F1x in the direction, these hydrostatic pressure components displace this particle. make it move.

The apparent density of a ferromagnetic liquid is ρ.A mechanical mixture with a density smaller than this ferromagnetic The ferromagnetic liquid moves to the surface of the liquid, whereas the apparent density of this ferromagnetic liquid is greater than the density ρ. A mechanical mixture with a high density is caused by the action of gravity F, which causes the ferromagnetic liquid 3 to sink into the layers.

The local magnetic field formed between and above the rods 16 has a strength H and a component of the strength gr adH, and their strength H and strength component gradH are It is greater than the strength H of the separated part and the strength component grad. These local magnetic fields are In the ferromagnetic liquid 3, a portion with an apparent larger density ρ is created. ferromagnetic liquid Particles of a mechanical mixture submerged in a traverse an area of apparent density. this Since the hydrostatic pressure Ft in these parts is larger, the particles follow their migration path. and starts moving in the direction of the passageway 14 supported by these parts. do.

The particles of the mechanical mixture whose density is larger than the apparent density ρ of the ferromagnetic liquid are When transporting particles with a lower density than this, the latter increased further. It is separated by the hydrostatic pressure F1 and floats to the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid 3.

The floating particles of the mechanical mixture are affected by the horizontal component F of the hydrostatic pressure F1 1x, the force of the passage 15 is transferred along the generating line of the shape of the magnetic pole N-8. move.

A localized magnetic field is formed around each conical section 18 (FIG. 4), and the ferromagnetic liquid 3 The shape of the liquid surface changes in two axial directions. The liquid level of this ferromagnetic liquid 3 is slightly higher than the overall height at the separated part. Along the generatrix of magnetic pole N-8 When the height of the ferromagnetic liquid 3 increases, the particles moving at be affected.

z Its movement path is changed, and this changed movement path is in the vicinity of the side wall of reservoir 2. Prevents fluffy nodules from forming.

A device 5 for discharging separated particles from the mechanical mixture of non-magnetic metals Discharge the separated heavy and light particles in each collector (not shown).

The ferrohydrostatic separation device disclosed herein has a density of 5 x 103 kg. Can be used to separate mechanical mixtures of non-magnetic materials of less than cubic meters This is desirable.

Mechanical mixtures of non-magnetic materials, e.g. up to 120 mm in aircraft and automobiles The density of the finely formed pieces is 1.5 x 103 kilograms per cubic meter or more. In order to separate the scraps, a ferrohydrostatic separator as shown in Fig. It is preferable to use

This separation device is equipped with a magnetic system 19 (FIG. 5), which 19 has two magnetic poles N-S with variable cross-sectional area, and these magnetic poles N-S have a height of the gap between the magnetic poles. The shape creates a magnetic field whose strength changes along the direction of the Maximum in the part feeding the mechanical mixture and minimum in the part discharging the mechanical mixture. and along the generatrix of the curved part of the magnetic pole in the range from the maximum to the minimum strength. The strength changes. Additionally, this separator also uses a reservoir made of non-magnetic material. a reservoir 20 disposed between the magnetic poles and filled with ferromagnetic liquid 3; It is. The separation device further includes a device 1 for supplying a mechanical mixture of non-magnetic metals. 5, and this supply device 15 for the mechanical mixture of non-magnetic metals is connected to the liquid level of the ferromagnetic liquid 3. is installed on top of. This separator also mechanically separates the particles of the mixture. It has a removing device 22. The magnetic system 19 also includes two excitation coils 23. are provided, and each of the excitation coils 23 is wound around a yoke 24. , this yoke 24 is held on a frame (not shown) by a bracket 25. There is. The magnetic poles N-S of the magnetic system 19 are held in a yoke 24. non-magnetic gold A mechanical mixture supply device 21 of the genus is held at the magnetic poles N-S by a bracket 27. It has a hopper 26 and a vibrating shaft 5) 28. This hopper 26 has a vibration It is installed on top of S-T2B.

When dealing with mechanical mixtures of low density, the strength of the magnetic field H and its components gr ad H must be reduced. In this case, water is added to this ferromagnetic liquid. Which acts on the hydrostatic column of liquid. It produces mechanical mixtures with high quality This is to maintain the column at the height h of the ferromagnetic liquid required for separation. child The hydrostatic column is immiscible with the ferromagnetic liquid. The fluid static of this liquid The height hw of the dynamic column can be determined using equation (8) already explained.

The device 22 for separating and removing particles of the mechanical mixture is a hollow V-shaped duct 29; The duct 29 is filled with a reservoir 20 and the hollow V-shaped duct 29 is filled with water 30. A layer of ferromagnetic liquid floats on the opposite surface of this water reservoir 20. ■Shape da The space of the duct 29 is divided into two passages 32 and 33 by a partition member 31. Ru. This passageway 32 may incorporate any known conveying device (not shown) to provide mechanical mixing. Excretes heavy particles of compounds. On the other hand, the passage 33 can be any known transport device t. (not shown) to eject light particles of the mechanical mixture. Made of ferromagnetic material The attached member is attached between magnetic poles N-8.

Each member is a rod 34. All rods are connected by non-magnetic intersecting pieces 35. are joined to form a plane that is parallel to the vector of the heavy particle's velocity . Each member has a conical section in order to add particles of the mechanical mixture to the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid. 36, and a long hole is formed along this axis of symmetry. and has a spherical base, and this spherical base is held by the magnetic pole N-S. . Each member 36 is similarly attached to member 18 (FIG. 4). this The separator also operates in exactly the same way as the separator shown in FIGS. 1-4.

Industrial applicability Cable scrap in the form of small pieces and lead-coated waste (a mixture of copper and lead) ferromagnetic materials based on the present invention. The hydrostatic separator uses aluminum containing less than 1 percent heavy material. It is possible to recover aluminum and copper, and it also contains lead containing less than 2% of light materials. It is also possible to separate heavy materials, for example.

Separating household wireless electronic devices that have a mixture of aluminum, copper, and solder In cases where the ferrohydrostatic separation device proposed by the present invention Aluminum containing copper and solder underneath can be recovered, and 2% It is also possible to separate products consisting of copper, tin and lead containing aluminum below Ru. The result of separating this mechanical mixture of non-magnetic metals from the recovered product is It is possible to manufacture high-grade alloys.

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A ferrohydrostatic separation device with a magnetic device (1, 19); The position (1,19) has two or more magnetic poles (N-S), and the magnetic poles (N-S) shape the magnetic field. The chord length (H) of the magnetic field varies depending on the height of the magnetic pole, with the maximum value at the bottom of the magnetic pole the ferrohydrostatic value varies from a minimum value at the top of the magnetic pole The separation device further comprises a reservoir (2, 20) made of non-magnetic material. , the reservoir (2, 20) is filled with the ferromagnetic liquid (3), and the space between the magnetic poles and the ferrohydrostatic separation device further comprises a non-magnetic material. It is equipped with a mechanical mixture supplying device (4, 21), which supplies a mixture of non-magnetic materials. A feeding device (4, 21) is provided on the surface of the ferromagnetic liquid (3) and held at a pole (N-S), said ferrohydrostatic separator further comprising: A device (5, 22) is provided for discharging separated particles from the mechanical mixture of non-magnetic materials. a device for ejecting separated particles from a mechanical mixture of non-magnetic metals 22) In a ferrohydrostatic separator that is integral with the sludge reservoir (2, 20) A member made of ferromagnetic material is attached to the space between the magnetic poles (N-S). , a local magnetic field is formed inside the column of ferromagnetic liquid (3), and each local magnetic field is The vector of magnetic force (F1a′F1g) is the vector of velocity of particles of the mechanical mixture (V ) A ferrohydrostatic separation device characterized in that it is inclined with respect to ). 2. Each member is made like a rod (16, 34). ) are spaced apart from each other, the distances between the rods (16, 34) are equal, and all rods (16, 34) are held in reservoirs (2, 20) by cross members (17, 35) of the particles of the mechanical mixture in the layer of the ferromagnetic liquid (3) forming a plane parallel to the velocity vector (V) and perpendicular to the axis of the rod (16, 34) ferromagnetic liquid ( 3) below the surface of the rod (16, 34), whereas the The edge of the other rectangular saucer is connected to the magnetic field strength (H) in the layer of ferromagnetic liquid (3). Ferromagnetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic material is disposed in the largest portion. Hydrostatic separation device. 3. A conical portion (18, 36) in which each member is cut along the axis of symmetry of the conical portion (18, 36). , 36), and the conical portion (18, 36) has a spherical base; The surface of the spherical base is held by the magnetic poles (N, S), and the said member is attached to the curvature of the magnetic pole (N-S). along the generatrix of the two poles, equidistant from each other in front and behind each other, and with respect to other magnetic poles. The tops of the conical portions (18, 36) are ferromagnetic. is in the same direction as the velocity vector (V) of the particles of the mechanical mixture on the surface of the liquid (3). A ferrohydrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4. Each magnetic pole (N, S) has a variable cross-sectional area along its axial direction, and the cross-sectional area is variable. The product is the fraction of the mechanical mixture from the minimum cross-sectional area in the part that supplies the mechanical mixture. It is characterized by a change in the range up to the maximum cross-sectional area in the part that discharges separated particles. A highly toxic hydrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 5. Each magnetic pole (N, S) has a variable cross-sectional area along its axial direction, and the cross-sectional area is variable. The product is the fraction of the mechanical mixture from the minimum cross-sectional area in the part that supplies the mechanical mixture. It is characterized by a change in the range up to the maximum cross-sectional area in the part that discharges separated particles. 3. A ferrohydrostatic separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: