JPH02485B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a method for measuring longitudinal displacement of roads, runways, railways, etc.

``Prior Art'' Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 1, a so-called 3-meter profile meter has been developed, in which wheels 51 and 52 are mounted 3 meters apart on a fixed shaft 50, and a displacement meter 54 in the direction perpendicular to the fixed shaft is provided in between. using wheel 5
Amount of unevenness from the reference plane Ho connecting the contact surfaces of 1 and 52
Continuously measure d _i directly in the longitudinal direction of the road, and
There is a method in which the standard deviation value is calculated as the variation in the road surface unevenness in the measurement section using the amount of unevenness every 1.5 m and the number of measurements n, and the quality of the road surface is determined based on this value.

``Problem to be solved by the invention'' However, in such statistical measurement and evaluation methods, even if the entire route is flat, if there is a large amount of unevenness in a part of the route, the standard deviation value will increase. .

Conversely, if the measured line has a large period of unevenness, it may be evaluated as a small value.

Therefore, in the statistical evaluation/measurement method of measuring the amount of unevenness d _i from the reference plane Ho connecting the contact surfaces of the wheels 51 and 52 and evaluating the value based on the standard deviation, Although it is effective in determining pass/fail, it is almost impossible to know the amount and shape of steps even if they exist on the actual road surface.

For this reason, when actually performing road repairs, etc., when determining the amount of unevenness at each part of the measured route in advance and securing asphalt and other materials necessary for the repair in advance, the absolute value of the amount of unevenness is is necessary,
Furthermore, in order to obtain an extremely flat road surface such as a runway at an airport, etc., it is necessary to accurately know the shape of the unevenness.

On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 2 and formula 1 below, the distances ha, hb, and hc between the fixed shaft 50 and the road surface are measured from the fixed shaft 50 at a distance of approximately 2 m, and the measurement starting point a ₁ and the measurement point are Ground point elevation Ya, Yb of two points at point b ₁
There is a method of determining the elevation Yc of the remaining measurement point based on the elevations Ya and Yb of the two points and the measured values of the distances ha, hb, and hc from the road surface.

Yc=2Yb−Ya−(ha−2hb+hc) ……(1) ∴{(Yb+hb)−(Ya+ha)}/lo= {(Yc+hc)−(Ya+ha)}/2lo ……(2) Such measurement method It is true that the road surface elevation can be measured at each measurement point, but it is impossible to determine the elevation at a position only 2 meters away from a known measurement drawing, and therefore it is impossible to determine the actual level before measuring the longitudinal displacement of the road surface. It has the disadvantage that measurements must be taken.

In addition, in such a measurement method, even if there is a minute error in the difference in the level measurement, the cumulative error becomes large as a large number of longitudinal displacement measurements are performed, but this cumulative error cannot be corrected, and the accuracy deteriorates. Good measurements are not possible.

Furthermore, since the road surface between the survey lines having a certain distance is not horizontal but always has an inclined part, the measurement pitch on the horizontal reference line changes minutely. Therefore, even if the above measurement method is used, it is completely impossible to determine the horizontal distance between each measurement point.

It has the following drawbacks, and has had various practical problems.

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention uses three effectively arranged road surface distance measuring means to obtain the amount of unevenness and the resulting standard deviation similar to that of the conventional 3m profile meter. Another object of the present invention is to provide a road surface longitudinal displacement measuring method that can accurately determine the road surface height displacement (H _i ) and horizontal distance (D _i ) at each measurement point based on regular level coordinates.

"Means for Solving the Problems" The present invention proposes a road surface longitudinal displacement measuring method characterized by meeting the requirements described below.

Three points (a', b', c') arranged at linear positions separated by the same displacement meter measurement pitch (l ₀ )
5, of the distance meter measuring means between the road surface and the road surface;
A pair of measuring means 5 disposed at both ends within 6 and 7,
7 (a'-c') and the line (a _i
-c _i ) are used _, and the measurement means 5, 6, and ₇ are arranged so that they are approximately parallel to each other. Points where the distances to the road surface (Ai, Bi, Ci) are measured simultaneously After the simultaneous measurement, the measurement data of each of the three points (A _i
Based on B _i C _i ), _{the temporary} road _surface height displacement ( _{Y i} ) and the point for calculating the temporary horizontal distance _{( X} ) and the temporary horizontal distance (X _i ), the temporary level coordinates are converted into regular level coordinates, and the road surface height displacement (H _i ) and horizontal distance (D _i ) at each measurement point are determined.

"Embodiments" Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions, etc. of the components described in this example are as follows, unless otherwise specified.
This is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is merely an illustrative example.

FIG. 3 shows a measuring vehicle device 10 used in the measuring method of the present invention, which is mounted on a base 3 that supports wheels 1 and 2 having the same diameter, and is located near the wheels 1 and 2. The three non-contact optical displacement gauges 5, 6, and 7 are placed approximately 30 cm above the ground.
They are arranged at right angles at 1.5m intervals.

The measuring vehicle device 10 includes an odometer 4
The distance between the base 3 and the road surface is measured at three points simultaneously at regular intervals, and the measured data (A _i B _i C _i ) is sent to the vehicle device 10 via the arithmetic circuit 9. The data is configured to be input to a storage device 8 mounted on the computer.

In addition, measurement data (A _i B _i
C _i ) is the displacement meter 5, 6, 7 to absorb measurement error when there are pinholes etc. on the road surface.
The spot diameter is set to about 1cm, and the measurement pitch is not every 1.5m of the calculation step, but at minute intervals, such as 1/15 (10
The data is imported at cm) intervals. If necessary, the arithmetic or weighted average value of the data measured at multiple points at minute intervals can be input as the measurement data (A _i B _i C _i ) at each measurement point to eliminate gravel and other unnecessary road surfaces. It is possible to remove the amount of unevenness and improve accuracy.

Next, a method of analyzing road surface longitudinal displacement using data measured by such a measuring vehicle device will be explained.

(STEP 1) First, φ _i and l _i can be determined from the amount of road surface unevenness d _i using the following formula.

φ _i = tan ^-1 (d _i / l ₀ ) ...(3) l _i = (l ₀ ² + d _i ² ) ^1/2 ... (4) Next, from φ _i and l _i , the measurement start point, that is, Measurement starting point a _i
The line a ₁ - b ₁ connecting the measurement starting point b ₁ is set as a temporary measurement level line, and the temporary road surface height displacement Y _i from the level line a ₁ - b ₁ at each measurement point and the measurement starting point a _i are ground point a ₁
The provisional horizontal distance X _i from the measurement starting point a _i at each measurement point on the level line a ₁ -b ₁ with the origin as the origin is calculated using the following formula.

First, the road surface height y _i provisional horizontal distance x _i between each measurement point and the next measurement point is determined by the following formula.

y _i = l _i・sin (θ _i-1 +2・φ _i ) ...(5) x _i = l _i・cos (θ _i-1 +2・φ _i ) ...(6) Temporary road surface at each measurement point The height displacement Y _i and temporary horizontal distance X _i are obtained from the following formula.

Y _i = Y _i-1 + y _i ...(7) X _i = X _i-1 + x _i ...(8) Furthermore, the temporary road surface height displacement of the above-mentioned ground points a ₁ and b ₁ ,
The temporary horizontal distance and initial value θo of the ground point _a1 are naturally zero.

(STEP 2) First _, as shown _in Figure 4, each measurement point (each _{B i}
When the amount of road surface unevenness at ground point b) is calculated using the third equation below, it is possible to obtain almost the same result as the amount measured by a 3m profile meter.

d' _i = B _i - (A _i + C _i )/2 ...(9) In this case, if the ground point b of each B _i point is concave, d' _i >0, and the ground point b is If it is raised, d′ _i <0.

The displacement gauges 5 and 7 attached to points a' and c' on the base 3 are connected to wheels 1 and 7 having the same diameter.
2, the line a'-c' connecting each of the displacement meters 5 and 7 and the line connecting the ground points a _i - c _i can be practically considered to be almost parallel; d′ _i obtained using the calculation formula in 3 is determined by the shaking of the measuring vehicle device 10 and
This is a numerical value that takes into account the measurement error caused by the deviation of each measurement lap, and is the actual amount of road surface unevenness d _i that is perpendicular to the ground point b _i from the midpoint on the line connecting ground points a _i - c _i . However, the influence that appears in the measurement of each A _i B _i C _i on the sway angle (vehicles etc. are usually 2 to 3 degrees with respect to the axis parallel to the road surface) is the same as when measured perpendicular to the road surface. It only affects cosine, 2~
The 3 degree shaking can be practically ignored, and the deviation of the lap position due to the shaking is very small, and by controlling with an accurate distance meter, it is possible to suppress the deviation within the spot diameter of the displacement meter. can.

Therefore, there is no problem in treating the calculated value d' _i and the actual amount of road surface unevenness d _i as being the same.

(STEP 3) Next, the temporary road surface height displacement Y _i and the temporary horizontal distance X _i at each measurement point obtained using the above formula are temporary coordinates with the measurement temporary level line a ₁ − b ₁ as the coordinate axis, so use these as the coordinates. What is necessary is to convert it to the normal level coordinate system H-O-D.

That is, any two points from the measurement start point a or intermediate point b to the measurement end point c, which are known from the measurement drawing etc.
The altitude (Hb,
Hc) or specific height (Hb-Hc) can be used to calculate the road surface height displacement H _i and horizontal distance D _i at each measurement point from the measurement starting point a using the following calculation formula.

Therefore, in FIG. 5, the measurement level coordinate system Y-O-
If X is rotated by an angle θ, it can be expressed in the normal level coordinate system H-O-D.

Also, to find θ, Db−Da＝ (Xb−Xa)cosθ−(Yb−Ya)sinθ……(10) Ha−Hb＝ (Xb−Xa)cosθ+(Yb−Ya)sinθ……(11) From the relationship, cosθ and sinθ can be found.

Then, by inserting sinθ and cosθ obtained from the above formula into the following formula, the road surface height displacement at each measurement point can be calculated.
H _i and horizontal distance D _i can be found.

D _i =X _i cosθ+Y _i sinθ ……(12) H _i =Y _i cosθ−X _i sinθ ……(13) “Effects of the Invention” As described above, according to the present invention, the normal level can be easily and easily achieved. Since the coordinate position of each measurement point in the coordinate system can be measured and analyzed, the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art can be solved at once.

That is, since the present invention measures the coordinate position of each measurement point in regular level coordinates instead of using the statistical measurement/evaluation method as in the prior art shown in FIG. Even if there is an amount of unevenness or the measured route has a large periodicity of unevenness, it is possible to accurately grasp the amount and shape of the unevenness, and for this reason, it is possible to accurately grasp the amount of unevenness at each part of the measured route in order to perform actual road repairs etc. It is necessary to know the shape of the irregularities with high accuracy in order to grasp the asphalt and other materials necessary for repair in advance, and also to obtain an extremely flat road surface such as a runway at an airport. It is extremely effective when

Further, in the above embodiment, the measuring device is mounted inside the vehicle, but it is also possible to configure the measuring device independently of the vehicle and tow it by the vehicle, or it can be towed by human power. may be configured.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are schematic diagrams showing a known road surface longitudinal displacement measuring method. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a measuring vehicle device used in the measuring method of the present invention;
4 and 5 are action diagrams showing the measurement procedure of the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Of the distance measuring means between the road surface and the three points (a', b', c') arranged at linear positions spaced apart by the same displacement meter measurement pitch (l ₀ ), A measuring means configured such that a line (a'-c') connecting a pair of measuring means installed and a line (a _i - c _i ) connecting the ground points measured by the pair of measuring means are almost parallel. For each measurement pitch (l ₀ ), the distances (Ai, Bi, Ci) between the measurement position and the road surface were simultaneously measured at three points between the measurement pitches (l ₀ ). Then, based on _{the measurement data at each of the three points, the temporary road surface height displacement (Y i )} at _each measurement point and each After determining the temporary horizontal distance (X _i ) between the measurement point and the previous measurement point, the temporary level coordinates are converted to regular level coordinates, and the road surface height displacement (H _i ) at each measurement point is calculated. A road surface longitudinal displacement measuring method characterized by determining the horizontal distance (D _i ).