JPH0246552Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Field of industrial application] This invention relates to an improvement of the crushing function body provided at the tip of the tension rod of a crushing device that is inserted into a hole in a rock to crush the rock. The aim is to equalize the lateral pressure of the crushing function body, increase the rock breaking force, and improve durability.

[Conventional technology]

As a prior art, there is a crushing function body of a rock crushing device which was filed earlier by the applicant of this invention. This includes:
Elastomers with a high toughness index are suitable. A cylindrical unit molded body of this rubber elastic body is formed, and a plurality of these are stacked at the tip of a tension rod to constitute a crushing function body. The rubber elastic body of this crushing function body has its outer peripheral surface exposed and is compressed and expanded during rock drilling to directly crush the rock. Therefore, when compressed, a plurality of cylindrical unit compacts expand differently depending on their mounting position, which not only causes a decrease in rock-breaking force, but also causes damage due to contact with the rock and strong friction. However, the rubber elastic body is prone to damage and wear-and-tear failure, leading to a decrease in durability. In order to improve this problem, attempts have been made to inject and apply various types of lubricants such as bentonite or silicone oil between the outer periphery of the rubber elastic crushing function body and the rock perforation wall. As a result, the lubricant was found to be somewhat effective, but the lubricant was scattered and flowed out after one rock splitting operation. As a result, in the second rock-breaking operation, the rock-breaking force decreased, and it became necessary to pour and coat each time, making the operation complicated and impractical. In particular, short-term damage to the rubber elastic bodies at both ends of the stack still occurs. As mentioned above, it is inefficient in terms of work, has poor durability, and furthermore causes a decrease in rock breaking power.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

In the above-mentioned prior art, the crushing function body, which is formed by stacking cylindrical unit molded bodies of rubber elastic bodies, needs to prevent a strong friction phenomenon with the rock mass during compression and expansion during drilling of the rock mass. In addition, when the stacked cylindrical unit molded bodies are compressed and expanded, the uneven expansion state due to the difference in the positions of the upper, lower, and middle cylindrical unit molded bodies is adjusted to a permanently uniform state, and the whole unit is simultaneously expanded. It is necessary to aim at improving the rock-breaking force by improving it so that it acts as a rock-breaking force against the rock wall.

[Means for solving problems]

Regarding the above problem, in order to prevent the crushing function body from strong frictional phenomenon with the rock mass and to prevent the decrease of crushing energy, the contact area with the rock mass must be permanently attached in the direction of the axis of the drilling part. A composite configuration is required that is stretchable and has as much radial extensibility as possible. Also,
Since the crushing function body expands due to compression between the metal base plates and generates a rock-breaking force, it is possible to adjust the uneven expansion state of each individual cylindrical unit molded body by using It is necessary to ensure that the rock-splitting force acts as evenly as possible on the perforation wall of the rock.

Therefore, it is impossible to use only cylindrical unit molded bodies, and it is necessary to operate in a complex manner by combining multiple units. We sought to solve the conventional deficiencies by fixing an outer cover that has an adjustment function that maintains a constant state and provides a uniform rock-breaking force, and solved them with the following configuration.

That is, this cylindrical outer cover has both ends of metal wires arranged in parallel in the axial direction fixed to a mounting part (metal flange or end of the outer cover),
It is constructed by vulcanizing and adhering this with elastomer, and the metal wire used is steel cord, steel wire (piano wire), etc. Vulcanization adhesion of metal wires is used, for example, when metal wires (such as steel cords) fixed in an embedded state at the end of the outer cover, which is the attachment part, are bonded in an embedded state in a cylindrical elastomer to form an outer cover. Alternatively, a metal wire (e.g., steel wire (piano wire)) is fixed to a mounting fitting (metal flange) by welding or other fixing means, and adhered to the inner surface of a cylindrical elastomer in an exposed state such as a semi-buried wire. In some cases, the outer cover is formed by Naturally, a strong primary bond is formed between the metal wire and the elastomer by using an adhesive treatment such as brass plating or metal adhesive.

The thickness of this cylindrical outer cover is selected according to the distance between the outer diameter of the inner crushing function body and the hole diameter of the rock, so that the crushing function body and the hole wall of the rock are close to each other. The inner and outer diameters of the outer cover are determined before use. Therefore, although the wall thickness is normally formed in the range of 2 mm to 10 mm, consideration is given to not increasing the thickness as much as possible.

Further, the outer cover needs to be long enough to cover the entire crushing function body, and the upper mounting bracket is fixed to the lower part of the ramshaft, that is, the upper part of the crushing function body. Alternatively, the lower mounting bracket may be fixed to the tip of the tension rod, that is, to the lower part of the crushing function body. Further, the elastomer used for the outer cover is preferably one having high wear resistance, oil resistance, and toughness.

As mentioned above, a plurality of cylindrical unit molded rubber elastic bodies are inserted into the tip of the tension rod to be inserted into a hole in the rock, and are stacked and held between the crushing function body and the wall of the hole in the rock. The disadvantages of the prior art can be overcome by fixing the outer cover in close proximity so as to operate in a complex manner.

[Effect]

In this invention, as mentioned above, the outer cover is fixed in close proximity to the crushing function body and the perforation wall of the rock, and the crushing function body and the outer cover operate in a complex and integral manner during pressurized compression operation. The metal wire in the axial direction is fixed at the mounting bracket, and the upper and lower rubber elastic bodies (cylindrical unit molded bodies)
Since stress concentration between the rubber elastic body and the metal base plate is prevented, and elasticity in the axial direction is prevented, a certain amount of slip occurs between the rubber elastic body and the outer cover, and the outer cover easily expands in the radial direction. , Since the expansion and contraction in the axial direction is low, there is little decrease in rock breaking force due to friction loss between the outer cover and the perforation wall of the rock, and the internal crushing function body works in combination with the outer cover, so it is better than the conventional crushing function body. All defects have been resolved and it exhibits excellent rock-splitting properties.

In addition, not only is wear and trauma caused by friction with the perforation wall less likely to occur, but also the lateral pressure distribution of the crushing function body is made uniform due to adjustment by the metal wires in close proximity, and the lateral pressure distribution between the metal base plates is adjusted. By preventing stress concentration between the sandwiched upper and lower rubber elastic bodies (cylindrical unit molded bodies) and the metal base plate, the durability of the rubber elastic bodies is greatly increased. Therefore, the loss of rock-splitting time at the construction site due to replacement of the rubber elastic body is greatly reduced, and it has the characteristics of providing excellent side pressure and rock-splitting force.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a main part showing an example of the implementation of this invention, showing a state in which an outer cover is fixed close to the outside of the crushing function body.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of implementation of the outer cover (exposure type), FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the - line in FIG. 2, and FIG. teeth,
A sectional view showing an example of a modified shape of the lower mounting bracket of the above-mentioned outer cover (outline type). Fifth
The figure is a partially enlarged vertical sectional view showing an example of implementation of the outer cover (buried type), and FIG. 6 is a -
It shows a line cross section.

This invention aims to improve the function of the crushing function body of the earlier application, and as shown in the schematic sectional view of the rock crushing device in Fig. Drill a hole in RB, insert the crushing device FM into the hole DH, and use jack 1 to crush the crushing function body FFS.
This is a construction method in which a pile of cylindrical unit molded bodies 4 is compressed under pressure between metal base plates 5 and 5, and the rock is crushed by the lateral expansion force without vibration or noise. be.

As shown in the figure, 2 is a tension rod, 3 is a ram chair air, and at the tip of the tension rod 2,
A plurality of cylindrical unit molded bodies 4 of urethane rubber constituting the crushing function body FFS are inserted and metal base plates 5, 5 are inserted.
It is clamped and fixed in place. In this example, urethane rubber is used, but the material is not limited to urethane rubber; any other rubber elastic material may be used as long as it has high toughness.

As shown in an example in Fig. 1, this invention has a cylindrical outer cover OC provided close to the outside of the crushing function body FFS (the figure shows an example of stacking eight cylindrical unit compacts 4). be.

Figures 2 to 7 show examples of the outer cover OC,
2 and 3 show examples in which a metal wire (piano wire) 8 is vulcanized and bonded to the inner surface of the elastomer 7 in a semi-buried manner, and both ends of the metal wire (piano wire) 8 are , Select the required wire diameter and pitch according to the usage conditions, and fix it to the wire fixing part 10 of the mounting bracket (metal flange) 6a on the upper part of the outer cover by welding or other fixing means (in this example, welding or other fixing means). Diameter 3mmφ,
Pitch 5mm, metal wire exposure approx. 1mm). Figure 2 shows
This is an example of fixing the upper part of the outer cover OC, which is fixed to the upper part of the crushing function body FSS.
In this case, fix it to Ramchi Air 3. This fixation is done using the upper mounting bracket 6a at one end of the outer cover.
The connecting ring 11a is inserted into the inside of the connecting ring 11a, a screw hole is provided, and the connecting ring 11a is screwed. In this case, the lower mounting bracket 6b attached to the lower opening also has the function of stabilizing the outer cover and facilitating insertion, and various shapes are considered depending on the drilling state of the rock. .

FIGS. 4-a, b, and c are cross-sectional views of various shapes of the lower mounting bracket.

Fig. 4-a shows a conical fitting 6c in which the tip of the lower mounting bracket 6b is sloped to facilitate insertion into the borehole DH, and Fig. 4-b shows a lower mounting bracket 6b with a slope at its tip to facilitate insertion into the borehole DH. A coupling ring 11b with an insertion hole 12a into which the lower part of the tension rod 2 slides is attached to the metal fitting 6b, and the outer cover is operated in a fixed direction. The insertion hole 12b is enlarged in a shape that takes into account the fitting 6c and the slide, and the fitting ring 11c with the insertion hole 12b is attached to the conical mounting fitting 6c so as to provide sufficient freedom between the insertion hole 12b and the diameter of the tension rod 2. It is fixed at .

Above, the upper mounting bracket 6a is broken into the functional body FFS.
This is the case where it is fixed to the upper part of.

When fixing the lower mounting bracket, use the connecting ring 1.
1b is fixed to the tip of the tension rod 2, and the upper part is attached to the connecting ring 11a.
The upper mounting bracket 6a having the upper mounting bracket 6a is made to slide without being fixed. Of course, the lower mounting bracket 6c can also be used in place of the lower mounting bracket 6b.

In addition, in Fig. 3, WD is the inner diameter of the metal wire,
ED is the inner diameter of the elastomer, and the metal wire is vulcanized and bonded in the so-called semi-buried wire method, with about 1/2 of the wire diameter exposed inside and about 1/2 buried in the elastomer. The degree of exposure of the metal wire is appropriately selected in the range from the exposure of the entire wire diameter to the metal wire inner diameter WD and the same diameter as the elastomer inner diameter ED.

5 and 6 show examples of burying steel cords as metal wires at appropriate positions in the wall thickness of the elastomer. This is an example in which the metal wire 9 of the steel cord is buried approximately in the middle, and the end of the metal wire 9 of the steel cord is buried and fixed so as not to be exposed at the end 13 of the outer cover.
A strong fixation is ensured by covering the ends of the metal wires 9 with a rubberized fiber material 15. Further, the required wire diameter and pitch of the metal wire 9 used are selected in accordance with the usage conditions (in this example, the wire diameter is 1.3 mmφ and the pitch is 2 mm). Figure 5 shows an example of fixing the upper part of this steel cord buried type outer cover OC, which is fixed to the upper part of the crushing function body FFS.
Fixed. This fixing is done by inserting the upper mounting fittings (metallic joints) 14a of the outer cover OC into the ends 13 of the outer cover at both ends, fixing them with fasteners 16 such as tightening wires, and fixing the upper mounting fittings 14a with the crushing function. It is fixed to the upper part of the body FFS (ramuchi air 3) with screws or other suitable means. in this case,
Lower mounting bracket 1 attached to the lower opening
4b is the same as in FIG. 4 above, that is, in FIG. 7-
Configurations as shown in a, b, and c are considered.

In Fig. 7-a, the tip of the lower mounting bracket 14b is sloped to form a conical mounting bracket 14c, and in Fig. 7-b, the lower part of the tension rod 2 has an insertion hole into which the lower part slides. A joint ring 17a with an opening 18a is fixed to a lower mounting bracket 14b.

FIG. 7-c shows a conical mounting bracket 14c with a slide added to it, and the insertion hole 18b is enlarged to provide sufficient freedom between the diameter of the tension rod 2 and the conical mounting bracket 14c. A connecting ring 17b having an insertion hole 18b formed in the connecting ring 14c is fixed thereto.

In the above, the upper mounting bracket 14a is
When fixing to the upper part of the FFS, and when fixing the lower mounting bracket, the settings are the same as in the case of the open-wire type outer cover shown in Fig. 2. The size of the cylindrical unit molded body made of rubber elastic body is inner diameter 40 mm x outer diameter 96 mm x height 100 mm, and the hardness of this rubber elastic body (JIS spring type hardness tester A type) is
The angle can be selected from the range of 75° to 95°, but in this example, a 90° angle is used, and the outer cover has an inner diameter of 98 mm x outer diameter.
104mm x length approximately 1000mm, the elastomer of the outer cover in this example is a blended rubber of NR+SBR, and the above size is when the wire hole diameter in the rock is approximately 105mm.

In this example, the jack is 1, and the axial force is 500Kg/ ^mm2 hydraulic pressure.
The tension rod was pulled up with a load of 70 tons (t), the urethane rubber was compressed, and the rock-splitting force was electrically measured. The results are shown in Figures 8 and 9.

Figure 8 shows the relationship between the number of cylindrical unit molded bodies and the rock breaking force in the case of only the crushing function body and when the outer cover is also used as an exterior.The horizontal axis shows the number of cylindrical unit molded bodies. , the vertical axis is the split rock force (t)
It shows. A: When used with the outer cover,
B is the case without the outer cover.

As shown in the figure, in the case of only cylindrical unit compacts, the rock-breaking force is small as shown by curve B, and no increase in the rock-breaking force can be expected even if the number of units is increased. When an outer cover is used in combination, the rock-breaking power is dramatically improved as shown in A directly.

FIG. 9 shows a lateral pressure comparison curve of the crushing function body, where the vertical axis is the lateral pressure (Kg/cm ² ), and the horizontal axis is the axial position (cm).

A shows the lateral pressure distribution curve of the crushing function body with the outer cover fixed, and it shows that not only a substantially uniform state is obtained at the upper, lower and middle positions of the cylindrical unit molded body 4, but also the lateral pressure is dramatically improved. The rock-breaking force is also dramatically improved, and the rock-breaking force does not decrease depending on the number of pressurization cycles. B shows the lateral pressure distribution curve of the crushing function body in the case of only the cylindrical unit molded body 4,
Not only does the lateral pressure at the upper and lower positions show a large drop in lateral pressure toward the center position, but only low lateral pressure is obtained overall. C is a case where bentonite is injected and applied as a lubricant between the crushing function body and the rock drilling in the case of only the cylindrical unit molded body 4, and both the lateral pressure and the lateral pressure distribution are improved from the lateral pressure distribution curve of B, The rock breaking force also improves, but it decreases depending on the number of times pressure is applied.

The above embodiment is an example, but the structure of the crushing function body may differ depending on the wire diameter and composition of the metal wire used for the outer cover, the size of the pitch, etc., and the lateral pressure can be made more equal. In order to improve the rock-splitting force, measures are taken such as varying the heights of the cylindrical unit molded bodies 4 at both ends and the middle, and providing washers between the cylindrical unit molded bodies 4.

For example, in the above example, the size of the cylindrical unit molded body 4 at both ends is 40 mm in inner diameter x 96 mm in outer diameter.
× height 100 mm, and the size of the intermediate cylindrical unit molded body 4 is inner diameter 40 mm × outer diameter 96 mm × height 50 mm,
Changes are made such as inserting washers between each cylindrical unit molded body 4.

[Effect of idea]

This idea is to set metal attachment parts at both ends of an outer cover made of elastomer with metal wire reinforcement in the axial direction, fix the attachment fittings at one end, and use it together with the crushing function body. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 of the embodiment, the lateral pressure distribution is dramatically improved and the lateral pressure distribution is made uniform. This dramatically improves rock-breaking power, and
The cylindrical unit molded body has a large compressive force between the inner smooth surfaces of the outer cover and is converted into side pressure, so it is not damaged or worn out.
Stress concentration on the metal base plate is prevented, and early permanent deformation of the cylindrical unit molded body is also prevented, resulting in long-term durability. In addition, the outer cover hardly expands or contracts, reducing the frictional force with the rock and providing durability, resulting in a significant improvement in crushing efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of essential parts showing an example of an implementation of this invention with a fixed outer cover, Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of an implementation of an exposed type outer cover, and Fig. 3 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the - line in FIG. FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of the implementation of the outer cover of the type. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. Sectional views of various shapes of mounting brackets, No. 8
The figure shows the relationship between the rock breaking force and the number of cylindrical unit bodies, where the vertical axis is the rock breaking force (t), the horizontal axis is the number of cylindrical unit bodies, A is when the outer cover is used together, and B is the cylindrical body. In the case of only shaped unit molded bodies, Figure 9 is a lateral pressure comparison curve diagram of the crushing function body, and the vertical axis is the lateral pressure (Kg/cm ² );
The horizontal axis is the axial position (cm), A is when the outer cover is used together, B is when only the cylindrical unit molded body is used, C is B
This is the case with lubricant injection. FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a rock crushing device showing the polyurethane structure for rock crushing of the prior application. RB...Bedrock, DH...Drilling, FFS...Crushing function body, OC...Outer cover, 2...Tension rod, 3...Ram chair air, 4...Cylindrical unit molded body, 5...Metal base plate, 6a ... Upper mounting bracket (metal flange), 6b, 6c... Lower mounting bracket (metal flange), 7... Elastomer, 8...
...Metal wire (piano wire), 9...Metal wire (steel cord), 10...Wire fixing part, 11a, 11b,
11c... joint ring, 13... end of outer cover,
14a... Upper mounting bracket (metal joint), 14
b...Lower mounting bracket, 17a, 17b...Connection ring.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] (1) A crushing function body in which a plurality of cylindrical unit molded bodies made of rubber elastic bodies are inserted and stacked at the tip of a tension rod inserted into a hole in a rock, and are sandwiched between metal base plates. and a cylindrical outer cover which is fixed in close proximity to the outside so as to act in combination with this, is made of an elastomer and has metal wire reinforcing members arranged in parallel in the axial direction, and is attached to both ends of the cylindrical outer cover. A rock crushing function unit with an outer cover fixed with metal fittings and one mounting bracket fixed to the upper or lower part of the crushing function unit. (2) The rock crushing functional body fixed to the outer cover according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire reinforcing material is vulcanized and adhered to the inner surface of the elastomer of the cylindrical outer cover in an open line state. (3) The rock crushing function body fixed to the outer cover according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire reinforcing material is embedded in the elastomer of the cylindrical outer cover and vulcanized and bonded.