JPH0245062A - Hollow yarn membrane for blood thickening device - Google Patents
Hollow yarn membrane for blood thickening deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0245062A JPH0245062A JP19423288A JP19423288A JPH0245062A JP H0245062 A JPH0245062 A JP H0245062A JP 19423288 A JP19423288 A JP 19423288A JP 19423288 A JP19423288 A JP 19423288A JP H0245062 A JPH0245062 A JP H0245062A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- blood
- permeation rate
- hollow
- hollow fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030606 diuretics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は血液濃縮器用中空糸膜に関し、詳しくは、関心
手術時などに増加した血液中の水分を除去し、正常な水
分量に戻すために用いられる血液濃縮器に使用される中
空糸膜に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane for use in a hemoconcentrator, and more specifically, it is used to remove water that has increased in blood during surgical procedures, etc., and to return the water content to normal. The present invention relates to hollow fiber membranes used in hemoconcentrators used in
〔従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題〕心臓の
切開手術時に一時的に血液を体外循環することが行われ
る。この時、多量の輸血は、肝炎、エイズなどの感染な
どの問題があるので、血液をデキストラン、グルコース
液、ゼラチン、アミノ酸溶液で希釈することが一般に採
用されている。この方法を用いた手術後、血液を濃縮し
ないと血液の酸素運搬能力の低下のため、生体の新陳代
謝に十分に対応できなくなる恐れがある。従来はこのた
めに利尿剤を投与して排尿を促進し、過剰な水分を除去
する方法がとられていたが、このような方法では腎臓に
大きな負担を与えるなどの問題があった。[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention] During open heart surgery, blood is temporarily circulated outside the body. At this time, since large amounts of blood transfusion pose problems such as infections such as hepatitis and AIDS, the blood is generally diluted with dextran, glucose solution, gelatin, and amino acid solution. If the blood is not concentrated after surgery using this method, the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood will decrease, and there is a risk that it will not be able to adequately support the body's metabolism. Conventionally, this has been achieved by administering diuretics to promote urination and remove excess water, but this method has had problems such as placing a heavy burden on the kidneys.
そこで、最近は中空糸状半透膜を用いた濃縮が行われる
ようになってきた。しかしながら、現在実用化されてい
る血液濃縮器は、セルロースアセテート（Ｃ：Ａ）やポ
リオレフィン（ＰＯ）、ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ
）からなる膜を用いており、ＣＡを用いた濃縮器では膜
の透液速度が小さく、ＰＯやＰＶＡからなる膜では膜の
透液速度は大きいものの、血液中の蛋白質を透過してし
まうので、血液中から有用成分が多量に失われてしまう
欠点があった。Therefore, recently, hollow fiber semipermeable membranes have been used for concentration. However, the hemoconcentrators currently in practical use are made of cellulose acetate (C:A), polyolefin (PO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
), and concentrators using CA have a low liquid permeation rate, while membranes made of PO or PVA have a high liquid permeation rate, but proteins in the blood permeate through them. However, there was a drawback that a large amount of useful components were lost from the blood.
本発明者らは上記の課題を解決するために血液濃縮器に
用いられる中空糸膜の性能について鋭意検討した結果、
本発明に至った。In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors conducted extensive studies on the performance of hollow fiber membranes used in hemoconcentrators, and found that:
This led to the present invention.
即ち、本発明は、牛血清アルブミンの透過率が２０〜７
０％であり、純水透水速度が７００１／ｌ１１！・ｈｒ
−ｋｇ／ｃｍ” （２５℃）以上である、内径２２０
ｐ ｍ以下のポリエーテルスルホン中空糸膜からなるこ
とを特徴とする血液濃縮器用中空糸膜を提供するもので
ある。That is, in the present invention, the permeability of bovine serum albumin is 20 to 7.
0%, and the pure water permeability rate is 7001/l11!・hr
-kg/cm” (25℃) or more, inner diameter 220
The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane for a hemoconcentrator, characterized in that it is made of a polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane of pm or less.
以下、さらに詳細に本発明を説明する。The present invention will be explained in more detail below.
本発明においては、膜素材にポリエーテルスルホンを使
用することが構成要素の一つである。In the present invention, one of the constituent elements is the use of polyether sulfone as the membrane material.
ポリエーテルスルホンとは、下記の式（１）で表される
構造を有する化合物又はその誘導体をさして言う。Polyether sulfone refers to a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1) or a derivative thereof.
ポリエーテルスルホンは、耐熱性を有するエンジニアリ
ングプラスチックスであるが、極性有機溶媒に可溶であ
るため、任意の孔径を有する限外濾過膜を作成でき、類
似の構造を有するポリスルポンと共に最近多（使用され
ている高分子化合物である。このポリエーテルスルホン
は、アルブミン等蛋白質の吸着が少ないため、特に血液
を処理するための膜の素材としては優れている。Polyethersulfone is an engineering plastic with heat resistance, but since it is soluble in polar organic solvents, ultrafiltration membranes with arbitrary pore sizes can be created. This polyether sulfone is an excellent material for membranes, especially for treating blood, because it has low adsorption of proteins such as albumin.
本発明の第２の構成要素は、内径２２０μ蒙以下の中空
糸膜を使用することである。血液を濃縮あるいは濾過す
る場合、中空糸の内側へ血液を流すのが通例である。こ
れは血液中に固形分が約２０〜４０％含まれているので
、膜面での流速を高めないと透過速度が上げられないた
めである。しかしポンプ圧を高めて膜に供給すると溶血
が起きるので、膜径を調整して膜面でのすり速度を決め
るのが良い。血液濃縮器として使用する場合２２０μｍ
より内径が大きいと膜の性能は著しく低下する。好まし
い内径は、血液濃縮器としての使用状況あるいは中空糸
膜の製造状況から考えると１７０〜２１０ ｐ ｍであ
る。中空糸膜の肉厚は膜透過性能、濃縮器全体の大きさ
、膜の機械強度から決められるが、通常３０〜９０μＩ
、好ましくは５０〜８０μＩである。本発明の膜は、膜
面の片側あるいは両側にスキン層を有しておれば良く、
好ましくは内表面にスキン層を有するものである。The second component of the present invention is the use of hollow fiber membranes with an inner diameter of 220 μm or less. When concentrating or filtering blood, it is customary to flow the blood inside a hollow fiber. This is because blood contains about 20 to 40% solids, so the permeation rate cannot be increased unless the flow rate at the membrane surface is increased. However, if the pump pressure is increased and supplied to the membrane, hemolysis will occur, so it is better to adjust the membrane diameter to determine the sliding speed on the membrane surface. 220 μm when used as a hemoconcentrator
If the inner diameter is larger, the performance of the membrane will be significantly reduced. A preferable inner diameter is 170 to 210 pm considering the usage as a hemoconcentrator or the manufacturing status of hollow fiber membranes. The wall thickness of the hollow fiber membrane is determined based on the membrane permeability, the overall size of the concentrator, and the mechanical strength of the membrane, but it is usually 30 to 90 μI.
, preferably 50 to 80 μI. The membrane of the present invention only needs to have a skin layer on one or both sides of the membrane surface,
Preferably, it has a skin layer on the inner surface.
本発明の第３の構成要素は、膜性能に関するものである
。本発明の血液濃縮器用中空糸膜としての膜性能は、牛
血清アルブミンの透過率が２０〜７０％であり、純水透
水速度が７００１／＋ｗ”・ｈｒ−ｋｇ／ｃｎ” （２
５℃）以上でなければならない。The third component of the invention relates to membrane performance. The membrane performance of the hollow fiber membrane for a hemoconcentrator of the present invention is that the permeability of bovine serum albumin is 20 to 70%, and the pure water permeation rate is 7001/+w"・hr-kg/cn" (2
(5℃) or higher.
ここで牛血清アルブミンの透過率とは、牛血清アルブミ
ンを０．０５Ｍのリン酸バッファーに溶解して１００
ｐｐＩ１１溶液とし、この溶液を２０ｃｍ長の中空糸膜
に中空糸内側から供給し、入口圧０．５ｋｇ／Ｃ１１！
、出口側開放の圧力下で膜透過させた時の透過液のアル
ブミン濃度から下式によって算出される値を言う。Here, the permeability of bovine serum albumin refers to the permeability of bovine serum albumin dissolved in 0.05M phosphate buffer.
A ppI11 solution was prepared, and this solution was supplied to a 20 cm long hollow fiber membrane from the inside of the hollow fiber, and the inlet pressure was 0.5 kg/C11!
, refers to the value calculated by the following formula from the albumin concentration of the permeated liquid when it is permeated through the membrane under the pressure of the outlet side open.
また、純水透水速度とは、入口圧１ ｋｇ／ｃａｒ”で
２５℃のＵＦ水を中空糸内側に供給して全量濾過した時
の単位時間の透過量を内表面積で除した値である。Further, the pure water permeation rate is the value obtained by dividing the permeation amount per unit time by the inner surface area when 25° C. UF water is supplied to the inside of the hollow fiber at an inlet pressure of 1 kg/car” and the entire amount is filtered.
上記測定法によってアルブミンが２０〜７０％透過して
も、実際の血液を使用した場合にはアルブミンの透過率
は２％以下であるため、血液からの蛋白質のもれは全く
問題とならない。また、純水の透水速度は高い方が好ま
しいが、７００Ｉ！。Even if 20 to 70% albumin permeates through the above measurement method, when actual blood is used, the albumin permeability is 2% or less, so leakage of proteins from the blood is not a problem at all. Also, it is preferable that the water permeation rate of pure water is high, but 700I! .
／ｌ１１２・ｈｒ−ｋｇ／ｃ１１！以上あれば、実際の
血液の濃縮時間が従来品より大幅に短縮できる濃縮器が
得られる。/l112・hr-kg/c11! With the above, it is possible to obtain a concentrator that can significantly shorten the actual blood concentration time compared to conventional products.
以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本
発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
実施例１
ポリエーテルスルホン（ＰＥＳ；ＩＣＩ社製５２００Ｐ
） ２０重量部、ポリエチレングリコール（ＰＥＧ）
１６重量部、ジメチルスルホキシド（ＤＭＳＯ：昭和工
業■製）６４重量部を混合し、均一溶液とし紡糸原液と
した。芯液としては７０％ＤＭＳＯ水溶液を用い、紡糸
原液と共に４５℃に加温し二重背型ノズルより６０℃の
温水中へ押し出した。この時、空中の滞留時間が０．３
秒となる様に巻き取り速度を調整した。Example 1 Polyether sulfone (PES; 5200P manufactured by ICI)
) 20 parts by weight, polyethylene glycol (PEG)
16 parts by weight and 64 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO: manufactured by Showa Kogyo ■) were mixed to form a homogeneous solution, which was used as a spinning dope. A 70% DMSO aqueous solution was used as the core solution, heated to 45° C. together with the spinning dope, and extruded into warm water at 60° C. through a double-back nozzle. At this time, the residence time in the air is 0.3
The winding speed was adjusted so that it was within seconds.
得られた中空糸は内径約２１０ａｍ、外径約３５０μｍ
であり、内表面に緻密な層を有していた。The obtained hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 210 am and an outer diameter of about 350 μm.
It had a dense layer on its inner surface.
アルブミンの透過率は２２％であり、純水透水速度は８
００１ ／ｒｅ” ・ｈｒ−ｋｇ／ｃｍ”であった。The albumin permeability is 22%, and the pure water permeation rate is 8.
001/re”・hr-kg/cm”.
この中空糸膜を４０００本束ねて長さ１５ｃｍの血液濃
縮器を作製した。ヘマトクリット４０％の生血を用いて
ｉｎ ｖｉｔｒｏで血液の濃縮実験を行ったところ、入
口流量３００ｍ１／分、膜間差圧２４０ｍｍＨｇにおけ
る水分の膜透過速度は２００ｍｆ／ｍ”・分であった。A hemoconcentrator with a length of 15 cm was prepared by bundling 4,000 of these hollow fiber membranes. When an in vitro blood concentration experiment was conducted using raw blood with a hematocrit of 40%, the membrane permeation rate of water was 200 mf/m''·min at an inlet flow rate of 300 m1/min and a transmembrane pressure of 240 mmHg.
濾液中にはアルブミンは全く検出されなかった。No albumin was detected in the filtrate.
実施例２
紡糸原液にＰＥＳ／ＰＥＧ／ＤＭＳＯ＝１／１／３（重
量比）の溶液を用いる他は実施例１と同様な操作により
、内径２０５μｍ、外径３４０μｍの中空糸膜を得た。Example 2 A hollow fiber membrane having an inner diameter of 205 μm and an outer diameter of 340 μm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a solution of PES/PEG/DMSO=1/1/3 (weight ratio) was used as the spinning dope.
この中空糸膜はアルブミン透過率が約６５％、純水透水
速度が１１００１／ｒａ”−ｈｒ−ｋｇ／ｃｔａ”であ
った。This hollow fiber membrane had an albumin permeability of about 65% and a pure water permeation rate of 11001/ra"-hr-kg/cta".
実施例１と同様に血液濃縮器を作製して血液での濃縮実
験を行ったところ、蛋白質の透過は認められず、水分の
透過速度も２２５ ｕｔｉ／ｍ”・分と良好であった。When a hemoconcentrator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and a blood concentration experiment was conducted, no protein permeation was observed and the water permeation rate was as good as 225 uti/m''·min.
実施例３
芯液に水／ＰＥＧ／ＤＭＳＯの混合溶Ｗ１．（混合重量
比＝ｌ：ｌ：３）を用いる他は実施例２と同様にしてＰ
ＥＳ中空糸膜を得た。この中空糸膜は、内径２１０μＭ
、外径３４０μｍで、アルブミンの透過率５０％、純水
透水速度が９００ ｆ ７ｍ” ・ｈｒ−ｋｇ／ｃｍ２
であった＠実施例１と同様に行った血液を用いた濃縮試
験では、アルブミンの透過は認められず、水分の透過速
度は２２０ ｍ１／ｌｏ”・分であり、血液濃縮器とし
て良好であった。Example 3 Mixed solution of water/PEG/DMSO in core liquid W1. (Mixing weight ratio=l:l:3)
An ES hollow fiber membrane was obtained. This hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of 210 μM
, outer diameter 340 μm, albumin permeability 50%, pure water permeation rate 900 f 7 m” hr-kg/cm2
In a concentration test using blood conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, no albumin permeation was observed, and the water permeation rate was 220 m1/lo"min, indicating that it was a good hemoconcentrator. Ta.
本発明の中空糸膜を用いることにより、血液中のアルブ
ミンなどの蛋白質の透過はほぼ阻止され、透水速度の高
い血液濃縮器を作製することができる。By using the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention, the permeation of proteins such as albumin in blood is substantially prevented, and a hemoconcentrator with a high water permeation rate can be produced.
Claims (1)
透水速度が７００ｌ／ｍ＾２・ｈｒ・ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２（
２５℃）以上である、内径２２０μｍ以下のポリエーテ
ルスルホン中空糸膜からなることを特徴とする血液濃縮
器用中空糸膜。The permeability of bovine serum albumin is 20-70%, and the pure water permeation rate is 700 l/m^2・hr・kg/cm^2 (
A hollow fiber membrane for a hemoconcentrator, comprising a polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane having an inner diameter of 220 μm or less and a temperature of 25° C. or higher.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19423288A JPH0245062A (en) | 1988-08-03 | 1988-08-03 | Hollow yarn membrane for blood thickening device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19423288A JPH0245062A (en) | 1988-08-03 | 1988-08-03 | Hollow yarn membrane for blood thickening device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0245062A true JPH0245062A (en) | 1990-02-15 |
Family
ID=16321165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19423288A Pending JPH0245062A (en) | 1988-08-03 | 1988-08-03 | Hollow yarn membrane for blood thickening device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0245062A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5323668A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1994-06-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for regulating vehicle transmission line pressure based on throttle opening or engine intake air quantity |
| US5569114A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-10-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Pulley thrust pressure control apparatus for belt-type continuously variable transmission |
| US5776028A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1998-07-07 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Belt-type continuously variable transmission |
| JPH11502435A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1999-03-02 | クウォンティック バイオメディカル パートナーズ | Platelet glue wound sealant |
| WO1999019381A1 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-04-22 | Teijin Limited | Medical material containing fluorinated polysulfone having excellent antithrombotic activity |
| US6213245B1 (en) | 1998-06-16 | 2001-04-10 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cross member structure for transmission |
| CN101791527A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-08-04 | 四川大学 | Terpolymer blending modified polyether sulphone (PES) hollow fiber membrane and preparation method as well as application thereof |
| JP2012501339A (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2012-01-19 | バクスター・インターナショナル・インコーポレイテッド | Method for concentrating shear sensitive biopolymers using hollow fiber membranes |
-
1988
- 1988-08-03 JP JP19423288A patent/JPH0245062A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5323668A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1994-06-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for regulating vehicle transmission line pressure based on throttle opening or engine intake air quantity |
| US5569114A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-10-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Pulley thrust pressure control apparatus for belt-type continuously variable transmission |
| JPH11502435A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1999-03-02 | クウォンティック バイオメディカル パートナーズ | Platelet glue wound sealant |
| JP4828669B2 (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 2011-11-30 | インターポア オーソピーディクス，インコーポレイティド | Platelet glue wound sealant |
| US5776028A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1998-07-07 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Belt-type continuously variable transmission |
| WO1999019381A1 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-04-22 | Teijin Limited | Medical material containing fluorinated polysulfone having excellent antithrombotic activity |
| US6348152B1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 2002-02-19 | Teijin Limited | Medical material containing fluorinated polysulfone having excellent antithrombotic activity |
| US6213245B1 (en) | 1998-06-16 | 2001-04-10 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cross member structure for transmission |
| JP2012501339A (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2012-01-19 | バクスター・インターナショナル・インコーポレイテッド | Method for concentrating shear sensitive biopolymers using hollow fiber membranes |
| CN101791527A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-08-04 | 四川大学 | Terpolymer blending modified polyether sulphone (PES) hollow fiber membrane and preparation method as well as application thereof |
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