JPH0242467B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to blood meal with high iron content obtained from the blood of livestock and poultry. ``Industrial Application Fields'' The blood produced when livestock and poultry are slaughtered is subjected to various processes and is effectively used as a raw material for foods and medicines, as well as as an industrial material. In particular, hemoglobin, which constitutes blood clots, is often used as a coloring agent and binding agent for ham, which is a hydrated food, and it is said that its use in this field will continue to expand in the future. On the other hand, recently, attention has been focused on new fields of application of hemoglobin, such as its use as a source of iron in nutritional supplements for anemic patients and in pharmaceuticals. For patients with conventional iron deficiency anemia or people with anemia predisposition, inorganic iron such as ferrous sulfate and iron oxide, and organic iron (hereinafter referred to as iron) such as iron citrate and iron fumarate are recommended for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia. It was common to use pharmaceuticals and foods containing iron preparations such as non-heme iron (including inorganic iron), but these non-heme irons generally have low absorption efficiency in the body, so it is difficult to obtain a certain effect. However, it has tended to be avoided because it requires a large intake amount and often irritates the digestive system, especially the stomach. On the other hand, iron contained in hemoglobin (hereinafter referred to as heme iron) has a higher bioavailability than the non-heme iron mentioned above, has almost no adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach, and is a new It is being reconsidered as a source of iron supply. Hemoglobin, which accounts for 10 to 15% of the blood components of livestock such as cows, pigs, horses, and chickens, and poultry, is a protein with a molecular weight of about 60,000 to 70,000, and each molecule has four molecules of protoheme bound to it. Iron contained in one molecule of hemoglobin is about 0.18 to 0.24%, and when ingested by humans as food, hemoglobin is digested and absorbed, and the iron contained is used for the synthesis of human hemoglobin. We humans do not have the habit of eating hemoglobin as it is; we usually consume it in animal liver dishes or meat dishes without realizing it, but as mentioned above, it is used for the prevention and treatment of anemia. In this case, it goes without saying that ingesting hemoglobin directly is preferable in terms of food quantity and efficiency. ``Prior art'' To obtain hemoglobin from animal blood, the blood is ingested, hemolysed, the clot portion is separated using a centrifuge, and the fibrous material is separated by washing with water, organic solvents, etc. It is purified by removing impurities such as salt. Hemoglobin, which is mainly composed of proteins, is made into a powder (blood powder =
Hemoglobin) is commonly offered on the market. This blood powder is made into an edible grade,
It is used in food for some anemic people, but as mentioned earlier, the iron content of blood powder is at most
For example, if we assume that an adult woman's daily iron requirement of 10 mg is ingested only from blood meal, then taking utilization efficiency into account, it is necessary to eat more than 10 g, and the amount of iron that is unique to blood Coupled with the fishy smell, the amount is almost impossible to ingest. For this reason, there is a movement to process hemoglobin with a certain type of proteolytic enzyme to produce blood powder with a low protein content, that is, a high iron content, and to use it for the above-mentioned purposes. An example of a conventional method for producing blood powder with high iron content is as follows. [Conventional method] Centrifuge 100 kg of fresh bovine blood from which impurities have been removed to obtain approximately 40 kg of blood clot. Add 2.5 times the volume of water to hemolyze it, then adjust the pH to 8.5 using an appropriate amount of caustic soda. Add proteolytic enzyme (Alcalase 0.6L, manufactured by Novo Industries) while stirring.
Add 1.2 kg and perform hydrolysis at a temperature of 50°C for 3 hours. After the reaction is completed, the temperature of the system is increased to inactivate the enzyme, and then the pH is adjusted to 4.0 or less using hydrochloric acid. At this time, the precipitate (decomposed product of hemoglobin with high iron content) is collected into a paste using a centrifuge, and this paste is washed with water to remove impurities such as salt. After removing the substance, use a centrifuge again to collect the target substance in a paste form. Next, it is dried using a spray dryer to obtain 2.0 kg of iron-rich blood powder. The blood meal obtained here contains 1.1% iron. However, when considering the ability to supply blood powder with high iron content to the market and the commercial value, it is undeniable that these conventional methods have the following problems. One of these is that during the manufacturing process, the target substance (iron-rich hemoglobin) that precipitates by shifting the pH of the system to the acidic side is a very fine crystal, and the coexisting decomposed liquid contains a large amount of amino acids, etc., and is highly foamy, making recovery efficiency with centrifuges, filter presses, and other recovery equipment extremely poor, resulting in high recovery costs, which inevitably leads to lower product prices. As a result, marketability will decline. In fact, according to the above-mentioned production method, it should be possible to obtain about 3.5 kg of blood meal based on the theoretical value of iron content, but the recovery rate is only 2.0 kg (57% yield), which is poor. . On the other hand, the obtained blood powder with high iron content has a fishy odor characteristic of blood-derived substances, and even though it can be used in a smaller amount than unprocessed blood powder, it still has the disadvantage of being difficult to consume as food. has not been resolved. "Problems to be Solved by the Invention" The present inventors have already focused on a series of volujirin compounds for the purpose of effectively utilizing animal blood.
Regarding the application of porphyrin derivatives such as hematoporphyrin obtained from hemoglobin to hair preparations, as shown in patent publications 14003/1982 and 4532/1982, the present invention When considering the application of iron-rich blood powder to foods and medicines, which is one of the effective uses of iron-rich blood powder, we conducted intensive research with the aim of improving the various shortcomings seen in the conventional methods mentioned above and improving marketability. . [Structure of the Invention] The present invention separates hemoglobin from the blood of livestock and poultry and hydrolyzes it to produce a hemoglobin that contains 0.3% or more of iron and does not have a fishy taste.
High iron content blood powder and its manufacturing method. The manufacturing method is characterized by the use of chitosan, a natural cationic polymer, during the process. Details are disclosed below. Example 1 1000 kg of fresh bovine blood from which impurities have been removed is centrifuged to obtain approximately 400 kg of blood clot. Add 2.5 times the amount of water to this to cause hemolysis. (Separately, bovine blood is similarly hemolysed as a starting material, only the hemoglobin is recovered using a centrifuge, etc., and it is dried using a spray drying method to form blood powder, which is then sterilized and marketed as an edible grade. It is also possible to disperse 150kg of hemoglobin powder in 1500ml of water) Next, adjust the pH to 8.5 using an appropriate amount of caustic soda, add 8 to 12kg of protease while stirring, and adjust the temperature. Hydrolysis is carried out at 50°C for 4-5 hours.
After the enzymatic reaction is completed, the temperature of the system is raised to inactivate the enzyme, and then the temperature of the system is lowered to 40°C or less,
Adjust the pH to 4.0-6.0, preferably 5.5 using hydrochloric acid. By this operation, insoluble matter (decomposed hemoglobin product with high iron content) is gradually precipitated. Next, separately, 500 g of chitosan was dispersed in 100 g of water with stirring, and then a viscous liquid prepared by dissolving chitosan using dilute hydrochloric acid was added while stirring gently. Then, use caustic soda to adjust the pH of the system.
Raise it to around 7.0. At this time, the insoluble matter is mutually aggregated by the addition of the chitosan solution, and suspended in the system as large particles. The insoluble matter is then recovered as sludge using a filter press. The wet weight of sludge is approximately 200 kg. The sludge is returned to the reaction tank, and about 2,000 ml of water is added and washed while stirring. After washing with water for about 0.5 to 1 hour, the filter press machine is used again to recover the sludge of hemoglobin decomposition product with high iron content. Next, it is dried at a temperature of 70 to 80°C using a vacuum dryer, and then pulverized to obtain the desired iron-rich blood powder. The iron content of the iron-rich blood powder obtained by this method is about 1.0 to 1.2%, and from 1000 kg of starting material bovine blood (150 kg of bovine hemoglobin powder), about 35 to 40 kg of iron-rich blood powder can be obtained. The yield is as high as 90-95%. In addition, the obtained blood powder had an extremely low fishy odor and taste compared to blood powder obtained by conventional methods, and its value as a food product was also very high. (Confirmation of physical properties and actions or effects) The results of tests regarding the physical properties and other characteristics of the iron-rich blood powder shown in the above examples are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and Figures 1 and 3, and Figure 4. The test solution used in FIG. 4 was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of the sample in 1% NaOH1. In addition, the results shown in Figure 4 (OD
When the iron-rich blood powder obtained by this method was determined from the results (value), the results were as shown in Table 2.

【table】

【table】

〔Effect of the invention〕

A major feature of the high-iron-containing blood powder obtained according to the present invention (example) is that it contains 0.3% or more of iron and has almost no fishy taste, which is characteristic of blood-derived substances. In addition, compared to the conventional method, in which the PH had to be adjusted to 4.0 or less before precipitation in order to recover the target product after the completion of hydrolysis by enzymes, the PH
Because it can be efficiently recovered in the neutral range of 6.0 to 7.0, it has a low pH when eaten, unlike iron-rich blood powder obtained by conventional methods.
Another big advantage is that there is no irritating taste. In addition, the use of natural cationic polymer chitosan helps to improve the production efficiency in the following ways. In other words, in the conventional method, by adjusting the PH after hydrolysis, the target substance to be precipitated (which becomes iron-rich blood powder) is so fine that it is extremely difficult to separate solid from liquid. On a commercial basis, recovery using conventional batches, continuous centrifuges, filter presses, etc. is almost impossible. In this respect, the target product agglomerated by chitosan forms large lumps and can be efficiently recovered using a filter press machine, which has the highest operability. The effects of the present invention are as described above, including good yield and excellent operability, and conventional use of blood powder for processed foods and medicines.
Although its uses have been limited due to its odor and taste, it is expected that the present invention will greatly expand its application to processed foods and pharmaceuticals. In addition, according to the method shown in Example 1 according to the present invention, although it is estimated that a trace amount of chitosan used during the process is present in the finally obtained iron-rich blood powder, Infrared light shown in Figures 1 to 4,
From the spectra from the ultraviolet region to the visible region, no particular differences could be confirmed in fundamental respects.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 3 are infrared absorption spectra obtained by the KBr tablet method. Figure 1 shows high iron content blood powder produced by the present method, Figure 2 shows high iron content blood powder produced by the conventional method, and Figure 3 shows untreated blood powder (before oxygen decomposition). Figure 4 shows iron-rich blood powder produced by the method of the present invention.
The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of iron-rich blood powder and untreated blood powder (prior to oxygen decomposition) obtained using the conventional method are shown. In FIG. 4, A is blood powder with high iron content obtained by the present method, B is blood powder with high iron content obtained by the conventional method, and C is untreated blood powder before hydrolysis.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Hemoglobin obtained from the blood of livestock and poultry is reacted with proteolytic enzymes, and a chitosan solution is added to the hydrolyzed solution, which is then collected as a sludge. Next, a blood meal with high iron content, which is obtained by drying and pulverizing, is characterized by having almost no characteristic fishy taste derived from blood, and containing 0.3% or more of iron when quantitatively determined. 2. Hemoglobin obtained from the blood of livestock and poultry is reacted with a proteolytic enzyme, and a chitosan solution is added to the hydrolyzed solution, which is then recovered as a sludge. A method for producing iron-rich blood powder.