JPH0241640A - Superconducting current collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent cracks due to the sliding and vibrations of a commutator bar and rough loss by integrally fixing the superconducting commutator bar onto the circumferential section of an insulating commutator sleeve, forming the superconducting commutator bar and shaping the circumferential surface of a superconducting commutator in a smooth sliding surface. CONSTITUTION:In a superconducting current collector 1, a superconducting commutator 2 is composed of a metallic film 13 giving flexibility to the bounding vibrations of a superconducting brush 4 and a superconducting commutator bar 14 on the circumferential section of an insulating commutator sleeve 12 with a cooling vent hole 11. A refrigerant storage tank 25 for a superconductive substance 24 is installed into the formwork brush 23 of a graphite brush or a silver brush so that a spark can be annihilated even when the spark is generated by sliding and vibrations in the superconducting brush 4. Structure in which the superconductive substances of the superconducting commutator 2 and the superconducting brush 4 are slid mutually is formed for transfer of currents on the revolution side and the fixing side.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a superconducting current collector, a superconducting rotor,
The present invention also relates to a changeover switch for a superconducting electronic circuit device.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, for the formation of a commutator that transfers current to and from armature windings and field windings of superconducting rotating electrical machines, the commutator has been made of ceramics, for example, as in Japanese Patent Application No. 19735/1983. Some are made of wood.

However, with the recent development of superconducting materials both domestically and internationally, applications to commutators and slip rings are naturally being considered, but no consideration has been given to the specific arrangement structure.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Conventionally, current collectors for rotating electric machines are divided into commutators for DC machines and slip rings for AC machines. For example, in a DC machine, the armature winding is wound with a normal conducting wire, so there is no big problem even if the commutator, current collecting brush, etc. that make up the current collector are made of normal conducting material. Ta. However, with the advent of high-temperature superconducting FA, which is promising for thinner films and higher current densities, high-temperature superconducting power transmission cables and rotating electric machines are progressing. Progress has been made in making the windings superconducting, and with this superconducting, armature windings,
There has been a demand for superconducting current collectors, which serve as the current transfer unit between the field winding and the power source.

However, if this current collector is made superconducting, there are concerns that the sliding vibration of the brushes that make up the current collector will cause cracks in the commutator pieces and cause them to scatter, and that sparks will increase due to rough damage. has been done.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its purpose is to provide a rotatable superconducting current collector that strengthens the fixation to prevent cracks caused by sliding vibration of commutator pieces and prevents damage. .

[Failure to solve the problem]

The above purpose basically consists of rotating an insulated commutator body in which a fixing member for fixing the commutator pieces is integrally arranged around the circumference of the commutator body in the configuration of the superconducting current collector. A superconducting commutator is formed by integrally fixing a superconducting commutator piece to a fixing ring fixed to a shaft and integrally fixing a superconducting commutator piece to a circumference of the insulated commutator body by the fixing member, and This is achieved by making the circumferential surface of the commutator a clean surface for sliding contact with the brush.

Specifically, the commutator body is an insulated commutator body made of an insulating material or a metal material, and has ventilation holes communicating in the axial direction and the radial direction, or a metal commutator body.

In addition, the fixing member includes a fixing protrusion provided on the circumference of the commutator body, a fixing mold, a groove with a fixing protrusion, and a superconducting commutator piece integrally formed by vapor-depositing or sintering a superconducting substance. It consists of a metal film, an insulating film, etc. that is coated around the commutator body.

Furthermore, a refrigerant storage tank for storing a cooling medium such as liquid nitrogen is provided at the end or inner diameter part of the commutator body communicating with the ventilation hole of the commutator body of the superconducting commutator, The current collection effect is improved by using a superconducting brush that slides on the superconducting commutator surface as a superconducting brush that is formed by embedding a superconducting substance inside a form brush framed with graphite brushes or silver brushes.

(Function) The superconducting current collector of the present invention has the above-described configuration, so that the sliding surface of the commutator can be made very smooth, and the mechanical vibration BJ received by the superconducting material and the superconducting material can be The entire fixed commutator body and the fixing member absorb or are flexible, making it possible to form a superconducting commutator piece with high vibration resistance, which reduces the generation of sliding vibration and prevents crack penetration.On the other hand, superconducting By configuring the current collector brush that slides on the commutator surface as described above, the superconducting commutator surface is made extremely smooth and has a flexible fixed structure that can absorb sliding vibrations. It should be possible to prevent cracks and breakage of the commutator pieces.

〔Example〕

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2, a superconducting current collector 1 mainly includes a superconducting commutator 2, a refrigerant storage tank 3 that stores a refrigerant for cooling the superconducting commutator 2, and a superconducting brush 4 that slides on the two surfaces of the superconducting commutator. The superconducting commutator 2 is firmly attached to a rotating shaft 8 that is integrated with a rotor 7 that is composed of a superconducting armature winding 5 and an armature core 6. The superconducting armature winding 5 is attached to the armature core 6 through a slot 9, and a slot key 10 to prevent it from popping out is attached to the upper part of the slot 9. A superconducting commutator 2 mounted on a rotating shaft 8 directly connected to an armature core 6 having a superconducting armature winding 5 is provided with a required number of units on the circumference of an insulated commutator body 12 provided with cooling vents 11. A single metal coating 13 is provided, and the metal coating 13
A superconducting commutator piece 14 is formed by depositing a superconducting material on top of the commutator 14 or by sputtering. Superconducting commutator piece 1
The end of 4 on the rotor 7 side is fixed by indium ultrasonic solder 17 in the welding pocket 16 of the commutator body end plate 15, and the winding terminal 18 of the superconducting armature winding 5 is welded and fixed to 1. ing. A refrigerant storage tank 3 is provided at the other end of the superconducting commutator 2 made up of a required number of superconducting commutator pieces 14 via an insulator 19. The superconducting commutator 2 constructed in this way is constructed by fastening the fixing plate 20 integrated with the rotating shaft 8 and the fixing ring 21 embedded in the insulated commutator body 12 with bolts 22.
It is firmly fixed to the rotating shaft 8. Further, the superconducting brush 4 that slides the superconducting commutator 2 is formed of a molded brush 23 made of a graphite brush or a grating brush and a superconducting material 24, and a refrigerant storage tank for storing a refrigerant for cooling the superconducting material 24 is provided on the upper part of the superconducting brush 4. 25 are provided. Refrigerant storage tank 25
The main injection pipe 27 is connected to the main injection pipe 27 via the telescopic injection pipe 2G which also serves as a push pressure.
is connected. The brush lead wire 28 is made of superconducting material 2
4 is welded and fixed with indium ultrasonic solder.

The superconducting current collector 1, which includes a superconducting commutator 2, a superconducting brush 4, and a refrigerant storage tank 25, is configured as follows. A metal coating 13 is provided around the periphery of the insulating commutator body 12 having pores 11 to provide flexibility against the rebound vibrations of the superconducting brush 4, and the irregularities on the surface of the superconducting commutator 2 can be made extremely small. The superconducting commutator 2 is made up of superconducting commutator pieces 14 made of solidified superconducting material that can carry a large current and has zero resistance, and the superconducting commutator 2 is made up of the required number of superconducting commutator pieces 14. The commutator structure has a refrigerant cooling structure equipped with a refrigerant storage tank for cooling the superconducting brush 4, and the superconducting brush 4 sliding on the two surfaces of the superconducting commutator is made of a material other than the superconducting material 24 even if sparks are generated due to sliding vibration. A form brush such as a graphite brush or a silver brush is provided so that the superconducting material 24 can be extinguished, and a superconducting material 24 is embedded and molded in the forming brush 23, and a refrigerant storage tank for storing a refrigerant for cooling the superconducting material 24 is provided above the superconducting material 24. 25, and the superconducting materials of the superconducting commutator 2 and the superconducting brush 4 slide against each other to transfer current between the rotating side and the stationary side. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the problem of crack penetration and rough damage caused by sliding vibration, which has been a problem in the past, and to strengthen the fixation of the superconducting commutator pieces 14 and to eliminate friction loss between the brushes and the commutator. A current collector can be provided.

In the above embodiment, the insulated commutator 1]1ii112
The same number of metal coatings 13 as the number of commutator pieces are provided around the periphery of the metal coating 13, and a superconducting substance is deposited on the metal coating 13 or thinned by sputtering to form a superconducting commutator piece 14, and the required number of superconducting commutator pieces are formed. Superconducting commutator 2 configured by arranging 14
A refrigerant storage tank 3 is provided at the end of the insulated commutator body 12, and the refrigerant or evaporated gas of the refrigerant is made to flow through the cooling vent 11 of the insulated commutator body 12. At the same time, the current collecting brush of the superconducting commutator 2 is changed to the superconducting brush 4. They tried to solve the problem by sliding it. but,
As described above, in the method of thinning the superconducting material by providing the metal coating 13, there are concerns that the superconducting properties may be destroyed due to large current collection due to the increase in the size of the rotating electric machine or the influence of the magnetic field.

In order to solve this problem and obtain the same effect as in the above embodiment, the method of forming the commutator pieces as shown in FIG. A trapezoidal fixing groove is provided, a metal fixing reinforcing plate with numerous material fixing holes is provided in the fixing groove, and the fixing groove provided with the metal fixing reinforcing plate is hardened and molded with superconducting powder material or superconducting hot material. There is a method of constructing a superconducting commutator piece using the following methods.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a required number of inverted trapezoidal fixing grooves 29 are provided on the outer periphery of the insulated commutator body 12 having the cooling vents 11, and fixing holes 30 are provided in the inverted trapezoidal fixing grooves 29. A metal fixed reinforcing plate 31 is laid down, and the inverted trapezoidal fixing groove 29 is buried integrally with the metal fixed reinforcing plate 31 with a superconducting material 32 to form a thick single-piece superconducting commutator piece 33.

With the above configuration, the current density per unit area of the superconducting commutator piece 33 is reduced, the thickness is increased, so the superconducting commutator piece 33 is less susceptible to magnetic field penetration, and it is possible to form a reinforcing material embedded structure. Therefore, the fixation can be strengthened, scattering due to centrifugal force can be prevented, and rebound vibrations of the superconducting brush 4 can be absorbed, so that the reliability can be improved.

In the embodiment described above, the metal fixing reinforcing plate 31 is provided in the inverted trapezoidal fixing groove 29 and is integrally buried with the superconducting material 32, so that the metal fixing reinforcing plate 31
There is a concern about embedded spots on the back surface of the As a method for solving such problems and obtaining the same effect as in the above embodiment, the commutator pieces are formed by forming protrusions provided with fixing protrusions on the insulated commutator body 12, as shown in FIG. There is a method of forming a superconducting commutator piece by providing a fixing groove with a protrusion and injecting and hardening a superconducting powder material or a superconducting hot material into the fixing groove with a protrusion.

FIG. 4 shows another first embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a fixing groove 35 with a protrusion is provided with a fixing protrusion 34 protruding from the circumferential direction toward the groove 11 on the outer periphery of the insulated commutator body 12 having the cooling vent 11. The design number is a block superconducting commutator piece 36 in which a superconducting material is embedded in the fixing groove 35 with projections.

With the above configuration, the protrusion-equipped fixing groove 35 has fixing protrusions 34 for fixing the superconducting material on the side surfaces of the groove and is open in the center of the groove, making it very easy to inject the superconducting material. In addition, since the fixing protrusion 34 is inclined toward the center, the structure allows air to be easily removed from the bottom of the groove, so that the superconducting material is not buried unevenly and the bulk superconducting rectification can be strengthened. The child piece 36 can be obtained, and the same effects as in the previous embodiment can be maintained.

In the above embodiment, fixing means such as fixing protrusions 34 and metal fixing reinforcing plates 31 are provided in the grooves for fixing the commutator pieces, and the fixing means and the insulating commutator body 12 are integrally embedded with superconducting material.
Although indirect cooling was performed through the cooling vents 11 of the insulated commutator body 12, as a method of increasing the thickness of the superconducting commutator pieces and cooling them effectively, a method of increasing the thickness of the superconducting commutator pieces and cooling them effectively is to use an irregularly shaped unchangeable piece as shown in FIG. Another method is to use a double-structured commutator piece fixing groove with an inside, and install a substance fixing tube that also serves as a cooling pipe in one of the upper and lower grooves, and bury the substance fixing tube to directly cool the commutator piece. be.

FIG. 5 shows another second embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an irregularly shaped two-stage fixing groove 37 is provided in the insulated commutator body 12, and a lower groove 3 of the two-stage fixing groove 37 is provided.
A two-stage superconducting commutator piece 41 with cooling holes is provided with a fixed cooling tube 40 having a flow hole 39 through which refrigerant or cold gas flows, and the fixed cooling tube 40 is embedded with a superconducting material.
That is.

With the above configuration, the two-stage superconducting commutator piece 4
Since No. 1 is a commutator piece equipped with a cooling means, a superconducting commutator piece with good cooling effect and excellent recovery response in the event of superconducting breakdown can be obtained.

In addition, the embodiment described above was designed to strengthen the fixation, and did not take into account replacement of broken commutator pieces, but considering the long life and versatility of rotating electric machines, it is important to note that the superconducting commutator pieces may be damaged due to some kind of impact. There is also a need for a configuration method that allows for easy replacement in the event of damage.

FIG. 6 shows another third embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, an inverted trapezoidal fixing groove 42 of different widths that spreads from the outer diameter part to the inner diameter part is provided on the outer circumference of the insulated commutator body 12 provided with the cooling vent 11, and the inverted trapezoid shape Fixed groove 4
2, a composite superconducting commutator piece 45 formed by embedding a metal fixing plate 44 provided with numerous fixing holes 43 with a superconducting material is fitted and disposed.

With the above configuration, the inverted trapezoidal fixing groove 42 of the insulated commutator body 12 and the composite superconducting commutator piece 45 are manufactured separately and have a detachable fitting structure, so that the superconducting commutator 46
The superconducting commutator 46 is a highly versatile superconducting commutator 46 because countermeasures can be easily taken when the composite superconducting commutator pieces 45 that constitute the component are damaged, and the superconducting commutator 46 can be reused in a short time.
can be obtained.

At the same time, since the composite superconducting commutator piece 45 can be manufactured as a single item, it is possible to improve the manufacturing efficiency.

In addition to the above shown in FIG. 6, the third embodiment concerns the single-piece molding of commutator pieces, and the commutator pieces normally used include tens to hundreds of commutator pieces that are insulated and rectified. Baby torso 1
2, the set-divided molding structure is effective. The set division molding structure is described next.

FIG. 7 shows another fourth embodiment of the present invention.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 has a fitting structure in which several composite superconducting commutator pieces 45 are fixedly molded together. A fixing groove 47 is provided, and a superconducting commutator piece 4 is provided in the fixing groove 47.
A fixing protrusion 50 of a metal ring plate 49 to which several pieces 8 are fixed together is fitted into the fixing protrusion 50. The superconducting commutator piece 48 is fixed to a metal ring plate 49 via a ceramic insulator 51, and is configured to be cooled by a cooling vent 52 of a fixed protrusion 5o provided on the inner circumference of the metal ring plate 49. ing.

With the above configuration, the assembled structure of the divided commutator 53 is obtained by molding the superconducting commutator pieces 48 together to a certain extent, so that it is possible to improve the workability of replacing damaged parts and the manufacturing time, while improving the structure of the above-mentioned embodiment. A similar effect can be obtained.

In the above embodiments, the structure of the commutator piece was explained when the commutator body was made of an insulating material, but an effective superconducting commutator can also be formed even if the commutator body is made of a metal material. .

FIG. 8 shows another fifth embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a metal commutator body 54 is used instead of the insulating commutator body 12, and a ceramic insulator 56 is coated on the outer periphery of the metal commutator body 54 provided with refrigerant vent holes 55. depositing a superconducting material on the ceramic insulator 56;
Alternatively, the superconducting commutator 2 may be fixed using a sputtering method to provide a required number of superconducting commutator pieces 57.

As described above, the superconducting commutator 2 in which the ceramic insulator 56 is provided around the periphery of the metal commutator body 54 and the superconducting commutator pieces 57 are provided around the periphery can also be used to strengthen the fixation and deform the irregularities on the surface of the superconducting commutator 2. Since this can be prevented, it is effective in preventing cracks from scattering and damage to the superconducting commutator pieces 57, as in the embodiments described above.

In the above embodiment, a ceramic insulator 56 is provided around the periphery of the metal commutator body 54, and a superconducting material is deposited on the ceramic insulator 56 by vapor deposition or sputtering to form the superconducting commutator piece 5.
7, but it is also possible to have a structure in which a fixing groove for the commutator piece is provided in the metal commutator body 54, and a superconducting commutator piece having a molded structure formed by a metal mold is fitted into the fixing groove. , it is possible to obtain the same effects as in the above embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows another sixth embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, a required number of tab teal-shaped fixing grooves 58 are provided on the circumference of the metal commutator body 54, and the fixing grooves 58 are
The circumferential portion of the metal commutator body 54 including the ceramic insulator 5
A mold-molded superconducting commutator piece 61 formed of a metal mold 59 and a superconducting substance 60 is fitted into a fixing groove 58 coated and insulated with a metal mold 59 to form a superconducting commutator 2.

With the above configuration, the mold-molded superconducting commutator pieces 61 are firmly housed and fixed in the metal mold, so that cracks will not enter and scatter. In addition, the mold-molded superconducting commutator piece 61 and the metal commutator body 54 can be manufactured separately, which improves work efficiency and facilitates replacement in the event of damage, especially for large machines. This is effective for commutator configurations.

In the embodiments described above, the refrigerant storage tank 3 is provided at the end of the commutator body, and a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen is optionally injected from the fixed side, and the refrigerant storage tank 3 is provided at the end of the commutator body 54 in the axial direction. The superconducting commutator pieces 14, 33, 48, and 57, and the lumpy superconducting commutator pieces 36 that constitute the superconducting commutator 2 are made to flow in the axial direction from the cooling vent 11 or the coolant vent 55.
, two-stage superconducting commutator piece 41, composite superconducting commutator piece 45,
The mold-molded superconducting commutator pieces 61 and the like were being cooled. However, the refrigerant evaporates arbitrarily, and the refrigerant is removed from the open portion of the refrigerant storage tank 3 other than the cooling vent 11 and the refrigerant vent 55, that is, the refrigerant inlet 62.
It is thought that evaporation from the area is quite large. A structure that effectively utilizes this evaporated gas is shown in Figure 10.
This is a structure provided on the inner diameter part of the commutator body.

FIG. 10 shows another seventh embodiment of the present invention.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is not about the structure of superconducting commutator pieces but about the cooling structure of superconducting commutator pieces.
The cooling structure is such that the superconducting commutator piece 57 is constructed by depositing a superconducting substance on the ceramic insulator 56 by vapor deposition or sputtering. Nearby metal commutator shell 5
4 is provided with an axial ventilation hole 63 that penetrates in the axial direction, and a refrigerant storage tank 64 is disposed on the inner circumference thereof. Cooling protrusions 65 are provided on the outer peripheral wall of the refrigerant storage tank 64.
5 is provided with a radial ventilation hole 66 communicating with the plurality of axial ventilation holes 63. In order to inject the refrigerant into the refrigerant storage tank 64, an injection hole 68 is provided in the rotating shaft 67, a communication hole 69 is provided which communicates with the refrigerant storage tank 64 from the injection hole 68, and a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen is optionally injected from the shaft end. It is now possible to do so.

In the embodiment configured as described above, the liquid nitrogen in the refrigerant storage tank 64 injected from the injection hole 68 of the rotating shaft 67 or the evaporated gas of the stored liquid nitrogen is caused by the rotational centrifugal force and the metal commutator body 54. Since the fan action of the opening 70 of the axial ventilation hole 63 allows ventilation without resistance, there is no backflow to the injection side, and the superconducting commutator 2 is configured to effectively utilize the liquid nitrogen that has been injected and stored and has an excellent cooling effect. can do.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 10, the commutator of a DC machine is described symmetrically, but a slip ring of an AC machine can also be used.

Hereinafter, an embodiment targeting a slip ring of an alternating current machine will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 11, a superconducting slip ring 71 is connected to a refrigerant storage tank 72 and the refrigerant storage tank 7.
2, a fixed core wire 74 is fixed to the outer periphery of the fixed ring 73, the entire circumference is covered with an insulating coating 75, and the insulated fixed core wire 74 is covered with a superconducting material 76.
The fixed ring 73 is embedded therein and integrated with the fixed ring 73. The superconducting slip ring 71 configured as described below is attached to a rotating shaft 79 integrated with a field core 78 having a superconducting field winding 77, and the superconducting slip ring 71
1 and the superconducting field winding 77 are connected by a superconducting crossover wire 80.

To cool the superconducting slip ring 71, first, the refrigerant is passed from the injection hole 81 of the rotating shaft 79 to the refrigerant storage tank 72 through the flow hole 82.
The refrigerant in the refrigerant storage tank 72 is injected and stored in the refrigerant storage tank 7.
2 to numerous cooling holes 83 passing through the fixed ring 73 and the insulating coating 75, so that the superconducting slip ring 71 is efficiently cooled.

The superconducting slip ring 71 configured as described above is
A fixed ring 73 is provided on the outer periphery of the refrigerant storage tank 72, and the fixed ring 7
Since the fixed core wire 74 welded and fixed to the commutator 3 is embedded in the superconducting material 76 and integrated with the fixed ring 73, the fixation is not weakened, and the same effect as that obtained with the superconducting commutator 2 is obtained.
Since the fixation is strengthened, friction loss between the brush and the slip ring can be reduced. In addition, since the structure is such that the superconducting material 76 constituting the superconducting slip ring 71 can be directly cooled with a refrigerant, the superconducting slip ring 7I with good cooling effect can be provided.

The structure of the superconducting slip ring 71 of the embodiment shown in FIG.
The superconducting sling ring 71 is constructed as a structure for fixing the superconducting substance 76, but as shown in FIG.
A ceramic insulator 84 is provided around the periphery of the refrigerant storage tank 72 , a fixed ring 73 is arranged around the periphery, a ring cross steel material 85 in the form of a wire mesh is provided on the fixed ring 73 , and the ring cross steel material 85
The structure of a superconducting slip ring 71 in which a superconducting material 76 is buried and integrated with a fixed ring 73, or as shown in the 13th article, a material fixing structure having numerous fixing holes 86 on the outer periphery of the fixed ring 73. A ring box ring 88 provided with a protrusion 87 and open toward the outer circumference is welded and fixed, and a superconducting material 76 is attached to the ring box ring 88 provided with the substance fixing protrusion 87.
Bonx molded superconducting slip ring 8
The same effects as in the above embodiment can also be obtained with the molding structure No. 9.

Above, we have described the superconductivity of the commutator, the pickpocket ring, and the current collector brush that composes the current collector that serves as the current exchange part of the rotating electric machine. Although it is a structural thing that can be assumed, and it is not a conductor that directly passes current like the superconducting commutator 2 and the superconducting slip ring 71, but uses electromagnetic action, from the same structural point of view as the above embodiment. When diversifying, tubular rotors for rotating electric machines are mentioned.

The aim of making a tubular rotor superconducting is to improve its electrical characteristics by utilizing the Meissner effect, which is unique to superconducting materials. When using superconducting windings as wires, there was a problem in fixing the wires to withstand rotational centrifugal force. FIG. 14 shows a structure in which such problems are solved and the electrical characteristics can be improved, that is, the input loss can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 14, a superconducting rotor 90 has a rotating shaft 93 having an axial coolant injection hole 91 and a radial injection hole 92, and a rotor core 95 having a coolant storage tank 94 fixed to the rotating shaft 93. A material injection hole 9 is provided on the outer circumference of the rotor core 95.
A plurality of reinforcing plates 97 provided with the reinforcing plates 97 are arranged radially, and the outer periphery of the rotor core 95 provided with the reinforcing plates 97 is covered with a superconducting material 98.
, to form a superconducting cage-shaped winding 99. The superconducting material 98 is cooled by injecting a refrigerant from a refrigerant storage tank 94 into a refrigerant vent 100 provided in the rotor core 95.

The superconducting cage-shaped windings 99 of the superconducting rotor 90 configured as described above and the reinforcing plate 97 having numerous material injection holes 96
Since the superconducting rotor 90 is firmly fixed, it is possible to provide a reliable and sturdy superconducting rotor 90 that not only strengthens the fixation against rotational centrifugal force but also does not impair electrical characteristics.

In the embodiments described above, the superconducting cage-shaped winding 99 is fixed and strengthened by embedding a reinforcing plate 97 provided with a material injection hole 96. However, although this is effective when the thickness of the superconducting material 98 is thin, there is a concern that it may become insufficiently fixed when the thickness increases. As a method to solve this problem and obtain the same effect as in the embodiment described above, as shown in FIG. There is a method of providing an annular guide plate and burying the winding groove and the annular guide plate integrally with a superconducting material.

FIG. 15 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 15, the superconducting rotor 90 of this embodiment has a winding groove 103 having a wide center in the radial direction of a concave portion 101 and a convex portion 102 in a rotor core 95, and further has both ends of the winding groove 103. An L-shaped guide plate 105 having a cross-shaped core wire 104 is provided, and the winding groove 103 and the L-shaped guide plate 105 are embedded with superconducting material 98 to form a mold-molded superconducting cage-shaped winding 106.

With the above configuration, the mold-molded superconducting cage-shaped winding 10
The superconducting material 98 forming the wire winding groove 103 is firmly fixed by the L-shaped guide plate 105 which has the wide part forming the recess 101 of the winding groove 103 and the cross-shaped core wire 104. A superconducting rotor 90 that is effective in strengthening fixation and reducing input loss can be provided without any concerns even when using superconducting cage-shaped windings.

Up to now, we have described examples of current collectors and tubular rotors for rotating electric machines, but the above configuration can be applied to stationary equipment components, such as superconducting devices using superconducting materials in semiconductor element circuits. It can be applied to circuit switching switches for electronic circuits and superconducting power supply circuits that use superconducting materials in the power supply circuit.

The configuration of Sui-Sochi, which switches between superconducting electronic circuits and superconducting power supply circuits, is similar to replacing the current collector of the rotating electric machine with a stationary device. can prevent intrusion.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail step by step.

In FIG. 16, the switching switch 107 for switching between the superconducting electronic circuit SCC and the superconducting power supply circuit SCP is as follows:
An insulating fixed substrate 111 with a ring cooling hole 110 inside a superconducting molded cover 109 having a coolant injection hole 108
A metal coating 1 is provided on the inner circumference of the insulating fixed substrate 111.
12, and a superconducting electronic circuit terminal board 113 and a superconducting power supply circuit terminal board 114 in which the metal coating 112 is coated with a superconducting substance are provided.

The superconducting electronic circuit terminal board 113 and the superconducting power supply circuit terminal board 114 are made by coating the circumferential part of an insulator fixed to the rotating shaft 116 of the switching operation knob 115 with a metal coating, and coating the circumferential part of the insulator with a metal coating. The switches are configured to be sequentially switched by rotational movement of the superconducting current collector 117 coated with a substance, and by inserting the changeover switch 107 into a refrigerant ball (not shown), the refrigerant can be injected at the same time as the superconducting molded cover 109 is immersed in the refrigerant. Refrigerant is injected into the ring cooling hole 110 from the hole 108, and the changeover switch 107 becomes a superconducting switch.

The changeover switch 107 configured as described above is resistant to sparks and heat, and is a sliding switch between very hard superconducting materials, and the superconducting electronic circuit terminal board 113 and the superconducting power supply circuit terminal board 114 are covered by a superconducting molded cover. 109, there is no generation of sparks on the terminal switching sliding surface, and there is no intrusion of induced signals, making it possible to provide a superconducting changeover switch that is effective in preventing terminal damage and intrusion.

The embodiments of the superconducting current collector of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 16 above relate to a superconducting current collector using a low-temperature superconducting material that becomes superconducting when cooled with a cooling medium such as liquid nitrogen. However, the most effective and versatile technology in the future that can achieve similar effects and simplification as these is the one that exhibits superconductivity at room temperature, as shown in Figures 17 and 18. This is a superconducting current collector using high-temperature superconducting materials.

FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 show a rotary shaft integrated with the rotating shaft 201.
A metal commutator body 204 having an axial ventilation hole 202 and a radial ventilation hole 203 is provided, a ceramic insulating part 205 is provided around the circumference of the metal commutator body 204, and a high-temperature superconducting material is vapor-deposited on the ceramic insulating part 205. Alternatively, a superconducting commutator piece 206 is formed by fixing by a spackle method, and a fixed terminal part 208 of an indium ultrasonic tonter part is provided on the end plate 207 at the end of the superconducting commutator piece 206, and the armature winding wire 209 is fixed. This is a high-temperature superconducting commutator 210 that welds.

By configuring as described above, effects similar to those obtained by configuring the refrigerant storage tank mechanism of the embodiment described above can be obtained. In addition, the wooden plan does not require a refrigerant storage tank, and the end plate 2 of the metal commutator body 204
Since the high temperature superconducting commutator 210 is cooled by the fan action of the radial ventilation holes 203 of 07, numerous ventilation holes are provided in the metal commutator body, which makes it smaller and lighter and improves functionality, making it suitable for future practical use. This is a promising alternative.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the superconducting current collector of the present invention, the superconducting commutator pieces are
The rotary vibration that is firmly or integrally fixed to the commutator body at the bottom of the superconducting commutator piece or the circumferential part of the superconducting commutator piece, and that is transmitted to the superconducting material is transmitted to the fixed member of the superconducting material. Since it is absorbed by the flexibility of a certain metal coating, insulating coating, fixing reinforcing plate, or fixing protrusion, it is effective in preventing cracks from entering. Furthermore, since the current collecting brush covers the superconducting material serving as the current transfer portion with a formwork brush such as a graphite brush or a silver brush, the generated arc is extinguished by the formwork brush. At the same time, since the sliding power supply part can feed power by sliding between very hard superconducting materials, damage and wear can be greatly improved, eliminating unevenness on the commutator surface, preventing sparks caused by rebound vibration of the brush, and preventing rough damage. is effective.

Furthermore, the superconducting rotor is a cage-shaped winding with reinforcing plates with holes embedded in the superconducting material, which is effective in strengthening the fixation, improving workability, and reducing power loss.

Furthermore, in the case of a superconducting changeover switch, as with the current collector, the current collector, which is the contact point between the circuit terminal plate on the stationary side and the moving side, is switched by sliding between very hard superconducting materials, so sparks cannot be generated. In addition to preventing damage to the terminal board, since the electronic circuit terminal board and the power circuit terminal board are housed in a superconducting cup made of superconducting material, the unique Meissner effect of superconducting material prevents interference from outside the surrounding area. It has a shielding effect because it can reflect the induced signal.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of main parts of a current collector showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the present invention shown in Fig. 1, and Part 3 is a main part showing another embodiment of the present invention. Part 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing another first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing another second embodiment of the invention. 6
FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the main part of NU showing another fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of main parts showing another fifth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of main parts showing another sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 11 is a cutaway perspective view of a slip ring showing an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of a slip ring showing another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. Fig. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of a slip ring showing another embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 14 is a cutaway perspective view of a rotor showing an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a slip ring showing another embodiment of the invention. 16 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a changeover switch showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 17 shows a superconducting current collector using a high-temperature superconducting material that exhibits superconductivity at room temperature. Perspective view of a high temperature superconducting commutator, No. 18
The figure is a sectional view of the high temperature superconducting commutator shown in FIG. 17. 1... superconducting current collector, 2... superconducting commutator, 3...
... Refrigerant storage tank, 4... Superconducting brush, 5... Superconducting armature winding, 6... Armature core, 7... Rotor, 8
...Rotating shaft, 9...Slot, 10...Slot key, 11...Cooling vent, 12...Insulated commutator body, 13...Metal coating, 14...Superconducting commutator Piece, 1
5... Commutator body end plate, 16... Welding blur 1~. 1
7... Indium ultrasonic solder, 18... Winding terminal, 19... Insulator, 20... Fixing plate, 21... Fixing ring, 22... Holt, 23... Formwork brush,
24...Superconducting material, 25...Refrigerant storage tank, 26...
・Extensible injection pipe, 27... Main injection pipe, 28... Brush lead wire, 29... Inverted trapezoid fixing groove, 30... Fixing hole,
31... Metal fixed reinforcing plate, 32... Superconducting material, 3
3... Superconducting commutator piece, 34... Fixing protrusion, 35
...fixing groove with protrusion, 36...massive superconducting commutator piece,
37...Two-stage fixing groove, 38...Lower stage groove, 39...
Flow hole, 40... Cooling fixed tube, 41... Two-stage superconducting commutator piece, 42... Inverted trapezoid fixing groove, 43... Fixing hole, 44... Metal fixing plate, 45...・Composite superconducting commutator piece, 46... Superconducting commutator, 47... Fixing groove, 48
...Superconducting commutator piece, 49...Metal ring plate, 50
... Fixed protrusion, 5L 56.84 ... Ceramic insulator, 52 ... Cooling vent, 53 ... Split commutator,
54... Metal commutator body, 55... Refrigerant vent, 57
...Superconducting commutator piece, 5 days...Fixing groove, 59...
Metal formwork, 6076, 98...Superconducting material, 61...
・Form molded superconducting commutator piece, 62... Refrigerant inlet, 6
3... Axial ventilation hole, 64.72°94... Refrigerant storage tank, 65... Cooling projection, 66... Radial ventilation hole, 6
7 79, 93.116... Rotating axis, 68.81...
- Injection hole, 69... Communication hole, 70... Opening, 71
...Superconducting slip ring, 73...Fixed ring, 74
... fixed core wire, 75 ... insulation coating, 77 ... superconducting field winding, 78 ... field iron core, 80 ... superconducting crossover wire, 82 ... communication hole, 83 ...・Cooling hole, 85...
・Ring cross mesh material, 86...Fixing hole, 87...Protrusion for fixing substance, 88...Ring box ring, 89...
Bonx molded superconducting slip ring, 90... Superconducting rotor, 91... Axial refrigerant injection hole, 92... Radial injection hole, 95... Rotor core, 96... Material injection hole, 97 ... Reinforcement plate, 99 ... Superconducting field winding, 1
00... Refrigerant vent, 101... Recess, 102...
・Convex portion, 103...Winding groove, 104...Cross-shaped core wire, 105...■, Shape guide plate, 106...Form molded superconducting cage-shaped winding, SCC...Superconducting electronic circuit , sep
...Superconducting power supply circuit, 107...Selector switch, 1
08... Refrigerant injection hole, 109... Superconducting molded cover, 110... Ring cooling hole, 111... Insulating fixed substrate, 112... Metal coating, 113... Superconducting electronic circuit terminal plate, 114 ...Superconducting power supply circuit terminal board, 115
...Switching operation knob, 117...Superconducting current collector, 2
01... Rotating shaft, 202... Axial ventilation hole, 203
... Radial ventilation hole, 204 ... Metal commutator body, 20
5... Ceramic insulation part, 206... Superconducting commutator piece, 207... End plate, 208... Fixed terminal part, 2
09... Armature winding lead wire, 210... High temperature superconducting commutator.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A commutator body, a commutator piece that exchanges current with a fixed side, a commutator formed by mounting the commutator piece on the circumferential surface of the commutator body, and a commutator that slides on the commutator body. In a current collector consisting of a brush, an insulated commutator body having a fixing member for fixing the commutator pieces integrally disposed around the circumference thereof is integrally attached to a fixing ring fixed to a rotating shaft. At the same time, a superconducting commutator is formed by integrally fixing the superconducting commutator piece to the circumference of the insulated commutator body by the fixing member, and the circumferential surface of the commutator is smoothed by the brush. A superconducting current collector characterized by having a sliding contact surface. 2. A required number of fixing members are provided around the circumference of the insulated commutator body.
It comprises an integrally provided metal fixing member, and a superconducting substance is deposited on the metal fixing member to integrally form a metal-deposited superconducting commutator piece around the circumference of the insulated commutator body. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1. 3. The fixing member consists of a metal coating applied to the entire circumference of the insulating commutator body, a superconducting substance is fixed by vapor deposition on the metal coating, and required parts of the superconducting substance fixed by vapor deposition and the metal coating are cut. 2. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1, wherein a required number of thin film superconducting commutator pieces are integrally formed around the circumference of the insulated commutator body by dividing the insulating commutator body by polishing or dividing the thin film superconducting commutator pieces. 4. The fixing member is an inverted trapezoidal groove that is long in the axial direction, narrow in the outer radial direction, and wide in the inner radial direction, and is provided in the required number of locations on the circumference of the insulated commutator body, and is designed to prevent deformation. It consists of a reinforcing plate, and superconducting commutator pieces are integrally formed around the circumference of the insulated commutator body by injecting and hardening superconducting melt material or superconducting powder material into the inverted trapezoidal groove in which the reinforcing plate is laid. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1. 5. The fixing member consists of a required number of commutator piece fixing grooves provided at predetermined locations on the circumference of the insulated commutator body, and a formwork that fits the commutator piece fixing grooves is installed in the commutator piece fixing grooves. 2. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting commutator piece is integrally fixed to the circumference of the insulating commutator body by mounting a molded superconducting commutator piece. 6. The fixing member consists of a groove with protrusions having uneven commutator piece scattering prevention protrusions provided in a required number at predetermined locations on the circumference of the insulated commutator body, and the protrusion groove is filled with powder or solution superconducting material. 2. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting commutator pieces are integrally formed on the circumferential portion of the insulating commutator body as a circumferential fixing structure by injecting and embedding and curing the superconducting commutator pieces. 7. The fixing member consists of a required number of vertically communicating two-stage grooves provided at required locations on the circumference of the insulated commutator body, and a cooling fixed pipe is provided in the lower groove of the two-stage groove, and the cooling fixed pipe and By integrally injecting and embedding superconducting solution or superconducting powder material into the two-stage groove and curing it, a two-stage structure superconducting commutator piece having a cooling means is integrally formed around the circumference of the insulated commutator body. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: 8. The fixing member consists of two-stage grooves having a required length in the axial direction and different widths in the radial direction, which are provided in a required number at required locations on the circumference of the insulated commutator body; A superconducting commutator piece having a two-stage structure is integrally formed around the circumference of the insulated commutator body, by injecting and hardening a superconducting substance into the insulating commutator body to increase the fixed area of the circumferential surface of the commutator piece. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1. 9. A current collector consisting of a commutator body, a commutator piece that exchanges current with the fixed side, a commutator formed by mounting the commutator piece on the circumferential surface of the commutator body, and a brush that slides on the commutator body. In the device, a required number of inverted trapezoidal grooves that are long in the axial direction and have different widths in the radial direction are provided on the circumference of the insulated commutator body, and a superconducting material is deposited and fixed on a metal plate in the inverted trapezoidal grooves and formed. A superconducting current collector characterized in that the composite superconducting commutator pieces are integrally formed around the circumference of the insulating commutator body by fitting and disposing the composite superconducting commutator pieces. 10. A commutator body, a commutator piece that transfers current to and from the fixed side,
a commutator in which the commutator pieces are attached to a circumferential surface of a commutator body;
In the current collector comprising a brush that slides on the commutator, a plurality of fixing holes are provided in the circumference of the insulated commutator body,
A ceramic insulator is applied to the outer periphery of the metal ring plate in the fixing hole, and a required number of superconducting commutator pieces are arranged by depositing a superconducting substance at required locations on the ceramic insulator, and the superconducting commutator pieces are arranged in the fixing hole. A plurality of fixing protrusions that fit into the fixing holes are provided on the inner circumference of the metal ring plate provided, and each of the fixing protrusions of the metal ring plate is fitted into each of the fixing holes of the insulated commutator body. A superconducting current collector having a split molding structure, wherein the superconducting commutator pieces can be integrally fixed to the circumferential portion of the insulating commutator body by combining the superconducting commutator pieces. 11. A commutator body and a commutator piece that exchanges current with the fixed side,
a commutator in which the commutator pieces are attached to a circumferential surface of a commutator body;
In the current collector comprising a brush that slides on the commutator, the circumferential surface of the metal commutator body is coated with an insulating material, the circumferential surface of the insulating coated commutator body is coated with a superconducting material, and the superconducting coating is coated with a superconducting material. A superconducting current collector characterized in that a required number of superconducting commutator pieces are integrally provided around the circumference of the metal commutator body by partially cutting or polishing required locations. 12. A commutator body, a commutator piece that transfers current to and from the fixed side,
a commutator in which the commutator pieces are attached to a circumferential surface of a commutator body;
In the current collector consisting of a brush that slides on the commutator, the circumferential surface of the metal commutator body is coated with a ceramic insulating material, and a required number of superconducting substances are applied to required locations on the ceramic insulating coated surface. A superconducting current collector characterized in that a required number of superconducting commutator pieces are integrally formed around the circumference of the metal commutator body by sintering and hardening. 13. A commutator body and a commutator piece that exchanges current with the fixed side,
a commutator in which the commutator pieces are attached to a circumferential surface of a commutator body;
In the current collector comprising a brush that slides on the commutator, a required number of fixing grooves are provided on the circumference of the metal commutator body, the fixing grooves and the metal commutator body are covered with a ceramic insulator, and the metal commutator body is covered with a ceramic insulator. By fitting and mounting a mold-molded superconducting commutator piece formed by sintering and forming a metal mold and a superconducting material into the fixing groove of the ceramic insulator, the superconducting commutator piece is attached to the periphery of the metal commutator body. A superconducting current collector characterized by being integrally formed with. 14. A cooling protrusion that performs a cooling effect is provided at the end or inner diameter part of the commutator body, and the cooling protrusion has an axial ventilation hole that penetrates from one end of the commutator body to the other end, and the shaft 14. The superconducting current collector according to claim 1, further comprising a radial vent hole communicating with the directional vent hole. 15. A superconducting collector according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, in a superconducting commutator composed of a commutator body and a commutator piece, a refrigerant storage tank is provided at an end of the commutator. Electrical equipment. 16. The superconducting current collector according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a refrigerant storage tank communicating with the cooling vents in the axial direction, radial direction, etc. is provided in the inner diameter part of the commutator body. Device. 17. A current collector for a rotating electrical machine comprising a superconducting field winding, a field core for storing and fixing the superconducting field winding, and a slip ring for transferring and receiving current of the superconducting field winding, wherein the slip ring is , a fixed ring made of a metal material or an insulating material is provided directly on the rotating shaft, a fixing member for fixing a sliding ring for current transfer and reception is provided on the outer periphery or end of the fixed ring, and the fixed ring and the fixed member are made of superconducting material. A superconducting current collector for a rotating electrical machine, characterized by having a superconducting slip ring integrally buried with a substance to form a double-structured superconducting slip ring. 18. The superconducting current collector for a rotating electric machine according to claim 17, wherein the fixing member is made of a mesh steel material narrower than the fixed ring and partially provided on the outer periphery of the fixed ring. 19. Claim 7, wherein the fixing member is a ring box ring provided on the outer periphery of the fixing ring, the open end portion of which is bent narrowly in the width direction, and has a protrusion inside.
A superconducting current collector for a rotating electric machine as described above. 20. A superconducting armature winding or a superconducting field winding, a commutator or a slip ring connected to the superconducting armature winding or the superconducting field winding to serve as a sliding surface, and the commutator or slip ring. In a superconducting current collector for a rotating electrical machine, which is composed of a current collector brush that sends and receives current to and from a ring, the brush structure that contacts the commutator or slip ring is formed by forming a formwork with a graphite brush or a silver brush, and molding it. A superconducting current collector for a rotating electrical machine, characterized by having a superconducting brush injected with a superconducting substance into a frame and hardened by sintering. 21. A superconducting armature winding or a superconducting field winding, a commutator or a slip ring connected to the superconducting armature winding or the superconducting field winding to serve as a sliding surface, and the commutator or slip ring. In a superconducting current collector for a rotating electric machine, which includes a current collector brush that sends and receives current to a ring, the superconducting brush configuration is such that the graphite brush or the silver brush is provided with a vertical square groove or a round groove, and the corner A rotating electric machine characterized in that a superconducting material is embedded in a groove or a round groove and cured, and an indium ultrasonic solder part is provided at one end of the superconducting material to form a superconducting brush provided with a superconducting terminal wire. Superconducting current collector. 22. A superconducting armature winding or a superconducting field winding, a commutator or slip ring that transfers current to and from the superconducting armature winding or superconducting field winding, and a brush that comes into contact with the commutator or slip ring. A superconducting current collector for a rotating electrical machine, characterized in that the sliding surfaces of the commutator and slip ring are made of a ceramic superconductor made of a superconducting material, and the current collector is a superconducting brush. Device. 23. In a rotor for a rotating electrical machine comprising a rotating shaft, a rotor core integrated with the rotating shaft, and a cage-shaped winding for obtaining starting rotational force, the cage-shaped winding is connected to the rotor core. A superconducting cage buried in metal is formed by providing a reinforcing plate with countless holes on the outer periphery of the rotor core by dividing it in the circumferential direction, and integrating the reinforcing plate with holes and the rotor core by embedding them in a superconducting material. A rotor for a rotating electric machine characterized by having a shaped winding. 24. In a rotor for a rotating electric machine comprising a rotating shaft, a rotor core integrated with the rotating shaft, and a cage-shaped winding for obtaining starting rotational force, the cage-shaped winding is connected to the rotor core. A plurality of winding grooves each having a flat plate with holes are provided in the rotor core, and an L-shaped guide plate having a cross core wire is provided at the end of the rotor core in which the winding grooves are arranged. A rotor for a rotating electric machine, characterized in that a guide plate is formed by embedding a superconducting material integrally with a rotor core, and is formed as a mold-molded superconducting cage-shaped winding. 25. In a changeover switch for a superconducting electronic circuit device having a plurality of superconducting electronic circuit terminals and a superconducting power supply terminal, the configuration of the changeover switch is such that the terminal plate for fixing the plurality of superconducting electronic circuit terminals is an insulated fixing substrate. A required number of metal coating parts are provided on the circumferential surface of the insulating fixed substrate, a superconducting terminal plate is formed by depositing and fixing a superconducting substance on the metal coating, and a current collector that slides on the superconducting terminal plate is an insulating current collector. A metal coating is applied to the peripheral surface of the insulating current collector, and the metal coating is coated with a superconducting substance to form a superconducting current collector, and terminal switching between the superconducting electronic circuit and the superconducting power source is performed between the superconductors.
A changeover switch for a superconducting electronic circuit device, characterized in that it is a superconducting changeover switch.