JPH0241172A - Blood treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To miniaturize the title apparatus as a whole and to facilitate the operation thereof by providing the rotary body arranged to the blood guide flow passage in a blood flow passage member in a rotatable manner and a drive motor for rotationally driving the rotary body to emit the blood flowing-in from a blood inflow port from a blood emitting port. CONSTITUTION:When blood flows in a blood guide flow passage 28 from the blood inflow port 29 of a blood guide member 27 through a blood removing tube 42, said blood receives the centrifugal force by the blades 26a provided to the rotary body 26 rotated by a drive motor 21 to be radially emitted efficiency from the blood emitting port opened to the peripheral edge of the blood guide member 27 without increasing flow resistance and is introduced into the upstream part of the blood treatment body 11 of a blood treatment part 10 from the spaces between the guide blades 15 of a blood introducing port 14. This blood is recirculated through the blood flow passages outside hollow yarns constituting the blood treatment body 11 and sent out to the downstream part while subjected to the gas exchange with oxygen or air flowing through the hollow yarns and the oxygenated blood is returned to the blood feed cannula inserted in the body of a patient from a blood outflow port 16 through a blood return tube 41.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application J] The present invention relates to a blood processing device used for extracting blood from the body, processing the blood, and then returning the blood to the body.

[Prior Art] In general, as a means of life support for patients with emergency cardiopulmonary failure, for example, an artificial device with a blood feeding function that extracts blood from the body, processes the blood, and then returns the blood to the body is used. A heart-lung machine has been developed and put into practical use.

Conventionally, in this type of artificial heart-lung machine, as shown in FIG.
A blood pump 71, which is a blood feeding means for circulating blood, is independently combined with each other.

When using such a conventional heart-lung machine, blood drawn out through a blood removal cannula (not shown) inserted into the patient's body is passed through a blood removal tube 72 to a blood pump 71. The oxygenated blood is introduced into the patient's body through a blood return tube 74 and then pressurized, and then sent to the oxygenator 70 through a circuit tube 73 for oxygenation. Currently, a blood circulation circuit is formed in which blood is returned by

[Issues to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the conventional heart-lung machine structure described above, when an emergency operation is required, each part of the oxygenator 70 and blood pump 71 is first connected to the tubes 72 and 73, respectively. ．．
After connecting with the blood removal cannula 74 and brimming with Ringer's solution to prevent air bubbles from entering, the blood removal tube 7 is inserted into the blood removal cannula and the blood return cannula inserted into the patient's body.
Not only does this require complicated operations such as connecting the blood pump 71 and the blood return tube 74, but the volume within the blood circulation circuit is particularly large, especially since a roller pump is used as the blood pump 71, and the oxygenator 70 and the blood pump 71, and there is a limit to reducing the priming volume. There were problems such as the need for blood-borne infections, etc.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and includes:
The object thereof is to provide a blood processing device in which a blood processing means and a blood feeding means are integrated and miniaturized to improve operability and reduce the priming volume.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a blood processing device according to the present invention includes a housing in which an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder coaxially form an outer storage part and an inner storage part. A blood processing device comprising: a blood processing unit disposed within the outer storage portion of the housing; and a blood feeding mechanism disposed within the inner storage portion,
The blood processing unit includes a blood processing body, a blood inlet formed circumferentially on the inner periphery of the upstream side of the blood flow path in the blood processing body, and a blood outflow port formed on the downstream side of the blood flow path. The blood feeding mechanism is arranged to correspond to the inner periphery of the upstream side of the blood flow path, and has a blood ejection port communicating with the blood inlet at the periphery thereof, and a blood inflow port at the top thereof. A hollow blood flow path member having a substantially conical shape, a rotating body rotatably installed in the blood flow path within the blood flow path member, and the rotating body being rotationally driven to allow blood to flow in from the blood inflow port. A drive motor for discharging blood from the blood discharge port is characterized. Here, the rotating body is
Preferably, the guide vanes are arranged evenly around the circumference.

Further, the blood processing device according to the present invention includes a housing in which an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder are formed coaxially with an outer storage part and an inner storage part, and the blood processing part is disposed in the outer storage part of the housing. and a blood feeding mechanism disposed within the inner storage section, wherein the blood processing section includes a plurality of hollow tubular bodies, and the inside of the hollow tubular bodies is formed as a flow path for blood processing fluid. and a blood flow path on the outside, and a blood inlet port formed circumferentially on the inner periphery on the upstream side of the blood flow path, and a blood outflow port formed on the downstream side of the blood flow path. The blood feeding mechanism is characterized in that it has a blood ejection port that is disposed corresponding to the inner periphery of the upstream side of the blood flow path and communicates with the blood introduction port.

[Function] That is, in the blood processing device according to the present invention, the blood processing section is disposed outside the housing, the blood feeding mechanism is disposed inside the housing, and both are integrally integrated coaxially. The blood flowing in from the top of the conical blood guide member is discharged radially from the blood discharge port formed on the peripheral edge by the rotation of the rotating body and introduced into the blood introduction port formed circumferentially on the upstream side of the blood processing body, Since the blood introduced from the blood inlet is circulated within the blood processing body and flows out from the blood outlet on the downstream side, there are fewer connection points in the blood circulation circuit, making the entire device smaller and easier to handle. Since it is easy to operate and can be installed near the patient without requiring a large installation space, the blood circulation circuit is shortest and the priming volume can be reduced. These effects are more effectively exhibited by the guide vanes evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating body.

In addition, a bundle of hollow tubular bodies is used as a blood processing body, and the inside of each hollow tubular body is used as a flow path for blood processing fluid such as oxygen, and the outside thereof is used as a blood flow path. Since the blood introduction port on the upstream side is formed with a circumferential opening, the pressure loss of the blood circulating inside the blood processing body is minimized, and blood can be sent into the blood processing body with a low feeding pressure.

In addition, there is less pulsation compared to conventional blood feeding mechanisms that use roller pumps, and since the pump is a constant pressure source, if an abnormality occurs in the blood circulation circuit,
Even if the blood feeding side circuit tube is clamped with a clamp or the like while the blood feeding function is operating, the pressure inside the circuit will not become abnormally high.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the overall configuration of a heart-lung machine as a blood processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and numeral 1 in the figure indicates the heart-lung machine. A housing 2 constituting this heart-lung machine 1 includes an outer cylinder 3 and an inner cylinder 4, and an outer storage part 5 and an inner storage part 6.
are coaxially formed, and the openings at both ends of the outer storage portion 5 are closed watertightly with a cover 7.8.

A blood processing section 10 is arranged inside the outer storage section 5. This blood processing section 10 includes, for example, a housing 2
A blood processing body (made of Carpenter-11) consisting of a large number of porous hollow fiber bundles having hydrophobic properties such as polypropylene, which are arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction of the fibers and spread over the entire body. In this blood processing body 11, both the upper and lower open ends of each hollow system bundle are supported by partition walls 12.13 in a watertight manner in a state where they are not blocked, and the outside thereof serves as a blood flow path, and the inside thereof serves as a blood flow path. is used as a flow path for blood processing fluid using oxygen gas as a medium.Furthermore, the blood flow path is formed on the lower peripheral side of the inner cylinder 4, which corresponds to the upstream inner periphery of the blood flow path of the blood processing body 11. A blood inlet 14 is formed in a circumferential manner to introduce blood into the area.Around the blood inlet 14, as shown in FIG. Guide vane 15...
At the same time, a blood outflow port 16 is formed in the upper part of the outer cylinder 3 corresponding to the downstream side of the blood flow path of the blood processing body 11 to allow the blood that has circulated in the blood flow path to flow out. There is.

On the other hand, a drive motor 21 that constitutes the blood feeding mechanism 20 is arranged inside the inner storage section 6 . A drive shaft 22 connected to this drive motor 21 has a first shaft as shown in FIG.
The motor torque is transmitted by the second couplings 23 and 24, and the rotating body 26 with blades 26a is rotated by protruding from the partition wall 4a at the lower part of the inner cylinder 4 through the shaft seal member 25. The rotating body 26 is rotatably installed in a blood flow path 28 within a substantially conical hollow blood flow path member 27 provided at the lower part of the inner tube 4 . As shown in FIG. 4, this blood flow path member 27 has a blood inflow port 29 at its top, a blood discharge port 30 at its periphery, and a blood flow port 30 located at the upstream side of the blood flow path. The blood inlet 29 is disposed in correspondence with the blood inlet 14 formed around the periphery, whereby the blood flowing from the blood inlet 29 is discharged from the blood discharge part 30 by the rotational drive of the rotating body 26 by the drive motor 21. The blood is introduced into the blood flow path of the blood processing body 11 through the blood introduction port 14.

In addition, 31 in the figure is the blood processing body 11 of the blood processing unit IO.
A fluid blowing port 32 provided at the upper part of the outer cylinder 3 so as to blow a blood processing fluid containing, for example, oxygen or air as a medium from the downstream side of the blood processing body 11 to the inside of each hollow fiber. is a fluid discharge port provided at the lower part of the outer cylinder 3 so as to discharge the blood-processed fluid passing through the blood processing body 11.

Therefore, when the above-mentioned heart-lung machine is used as a life support device for patients with emergency lung or lung failure, as shown in FIG. Blood removal tubes 42 are connected to the blood inflow ports 29, and insufflation tubes 43 are connected to the fluid insufflation ports 31.
(it is not necessary to connect the discharge tube 44 to the fluid discharge port 32), the drive motor 21 is installed in the inner storage part 6 of the housing 2. Next, blood return tube 4
1 to the blood removal tube 42, fill it with a sterile quality liquid such as physiological saline, lactated Ringer's solution, or Hartmann's solution for 10 to 15 minutes at the maximum flow rate, circulate it, and then discard the liquid (However, this operation This step is not necessary if the blood circulation circuit is configured by filling a sterilized liquid in advance].Next, the blood circulation circuit is filled with, for example, whole blood,
Fill with briming fluid such as diluted blood or quality fluid,
Air bubbles are removed while circulating through the bypass channel.

After a blood circulation circuit is constructed by surgical cannulation or the like, the bypass channel is closed and extracorporeal circulation is started. At this time, the extracorporeal circulation flow rate is adjusted to an appropriate value by drive control of the drive motor 21 of the blood feeding mechanism 20 as a blood pump by a drive control device 50 shown in FIG. 5, or is automatically adjusted. It is something.

In this way, the blood drawn out by the blood removal cannula (not shown) inserted into the patient's body is transferred to the blood removal tube 4.
When the blood flows into the blood guide channel 28 from the blood inlet 29 of the blood guide member 27 through the blood guide member 2, the blood guide member 27 receives centrifugal force from the blades 26a provided on the rotating body 26 rotated by the drive motor 2I. Blood discharge port 3 opened at the periphery of
The blood is efficiently discharged radially without increasing flow resistance, and is introduced into the upstream side of the blood processing body 11 of the blood processing unit IO from between the guide vanes 15 of the blood introduction port 14. The blood introduced into the upstream side of this blood processing body 11 is
The blood is circulated through the blood flow path outside each hollow fiber constituting the blood processing body 11, and is sent to the downstream side while exchanging gas with oxygen or air flowing inside each hollow fiber, and is sent to the downstream side. 16 through a blood return tube 41, the oxygenated blood can be returned to a blood supply cannula (not shown) inserted into the patient's body.

Incidentally, the inner surface of the housing 2, the rotating body 26, and the outer surface of each of the hollow fibers that are the blood processing body 11 that come into contact with blood are made of a highly biocompatible material, such as a material with antithrombotic properties, or Coating is desirable, and antithrombotic materials in this case include, for example, silicones such as polydimethylsiloxane and polymethylphenylsiloxane, polyhydroxymethacrylate, hydroxymethacrylate-styrene copolymers, polyether polyurethane, and heparinized materials. etc. are suitable.

In addition, although the drive motor 21 and the rotary body 26 have a transmission structure based on mechanical engagement of the first and second couplings 23 and 24, a magnetic coupling may also be used, and the selection thereof is arbitrary.

In the above embodiments, an artificial lung was used as an example of the blood processing unit, but the invention is not limited to this, and it may also be used as an artificial kidney, an adsorption type blood purifier, a blood filter, etc. is possible.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a heat exchanger may be added.

That is, an intermediate cylinder 60 is provided between the outer cylinder 3 and the inner cylinder 4,
A heat exchanger part 61 is formed between the inner cylinder 4 and the intermediate cylinder 60, and a heat exchanger 62 is disposed in the heat exchanger part 61. By providing a heat exchange fluid outlet 64 in each of the heat exchange fluid inlets 63, a heat exchange medium, such as hot water, is allowed to flow in from the heat exchange fluid inlet 63. This is to exchange heat of blood flowing through the blood flow circulation section 065 provided at 60.

In addition, it goes without saying that the present invention can be modified in various ways without departing from the gist thereof.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above description, according to the blood processing device according to the present invention, the blood processing section is disposed outside the housing, the blood feeding mechanism is disposed inside the housing, and both are coaxially arranged. The blood flowing in from the top of the approximately conical blood guide member is discharged radially from the blood discharge ports formed on the periphery by the rotation of the rotating body, and the blood guide member is integrally assembled into the blood guide member. The blood introduced from this blood inlet is circulated through the blood processing body and flows out from the blood outlet on the downstream side, so the connection point of the blood circulation circuit is The device can be miniaturized as a whole, and can be easily handled and operated. Additionally, since the device does not require a large installation space, the device can be installed close to the patient, making the blood circulation circuit as short as possible and thus reducing the priming volume. The need for blood transfusions and blood dilution can be minimized or eliminated, and problems such as blood-borne infections can be solved.

Further, a hollow tubular body is used as the blood processing body, and the inside of each hollow tubular body is used as a flow path for blood processing fluid such as oxygen, and the outside thereof is used as a blood flow path, and the upstream side of the blood processing body is Since the blood inlet port is formed with a circumferential opening, the pressure loss of the blood circulating inside the blood processing body can be minimized, so blood can be sent into the blood processing body with a small feeding pressure. In addition, there is less pulsation compared to conventional blood feeding means using roller pumps, and even if an abnormality occurs in the blood circulation circuit, the blood feeding function can be used while the blood feeding side is being operated. This provides an excellent effect in that even if the circuit tube is clamped with a clamp or the like, the pressure inside the circuit will not become abnormally high.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a blood processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken from the direction of the arrow II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a bottom view, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the connection state of the blood circulation circuit, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention. A vertical cross-sectional view showing a blood processing device;
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the connection state of a blood circulation circuit in a conventional heart-lung machine. l... Heart-lung machine, 2...-Housing 3...
- Outer tube, 4... Inner tube 5... Outer storage section, 6... Inner storage section 10... Blood processing section 11... Blood processing body [artificial lung] 14... Blood inlet , ■6...Blood outflow port 2
0...Blood feeding mechanism 21...Drive motor, 26...Rotating body, 28...Blood channel, 30...Blood discharge port, 32...Fluid discharge port

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) Consisting of a housing in which an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder are coaxially formed with an outer storage part and an inner storage part, a blood processing part is disposed in the outer storage part of the housing, and a blood processing part is disposed in the inner storage part of the housing. The blood processing unit includes a blood processing body, a blood inlet port formed circumferentially on the upstream side of a blood flow path in the blood processing body, and a blood processing unit that includes a blood feeding mechanism. and a blood outflow port formed on the downstream side of the flow path, and the blood feeding mechanism is arranged to correspond to the inner periphery of the upstream side of the blood flow path, and the blood feeding mechanism has a blood flow port formed on the periphery thereof in correspondence with the inner periphery of the upstream side of the blood flow path. A generally conical hollow blood flow path member having an ejection port and a blood inflow port at the top thereof, a rotating body rotatably installed in a blood guide flow path within the blood flow path member, and the rotating body 1. A blood processing device comprising: a drive motor that rotationally drives a drive motor to discharge blood flowing in from the blood inflow port from the blood discharge port. (2) The blood processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body has guide vanes arranged evenly around the circumference. (3) The housing includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, and an outer storage part and an inner storage part are coaxially formed, and a blood processing part is arranged in the outer storage part of the housing, and a blood processing part is arranged in the inner storage part. A blood processing device equipped with a blood feeding mechanism, wherein the blood processing section includes a plurality of hollow tubular bodies, the inside of the hollow tubular body is used as a flow path for blood processing fluid, and the outside is used as a blood flow path. The blood feeding mechanism has a blood inlet port formed circumferentially on the inner periphery of the upstream side of the blood flow path, and a blood outflow port formed on the downstream side of the blood flow path. A blood processing device, comprising a blood discharge port disposed corresponding to the inner periphery of the upstream side of the blood flow path and communicating with the blood inlet.