JPH0234765A - High-emissivity far infrared emitter and its production - Google Patents
High-emissivity far infrared emitter and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0234765A JPH0234765A JP18463188A JP18463188A JPH0234765A JP H0234765 A JPH0234765 A JP H0234765A JP 18463188 A JP18463188 A JP 18463188A JP 18463188 A JP18463188 A JP 18463188A JP H0234765 A JPH0234765 A JP H0234765A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- oxide film
- weight
- temp
- length
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910019819 Cr—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005457 Black-body radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は、放射率が黒体に近いＦｅ−Ｃｒ−３ｉミステ
ンレス遼遠赤外線放射に関するもので、遠赤外線を利用
する暖房機器や乾燥・加熱装置として利用される。Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to far-far infrared radiation from Fe-Cr-3i stainless steel, which has an emissivity close to that of a black body. Used as a device.
〔従来の技術Ｊ
遠赤外線は人の体内深く浸透する特性により暖房装置に
用いられたり、塗料や食品などの有機物質に高効率で吸
収され、迅速に加熱できる特性により、塗料乾燥や食品
加熱に用いられている。[Conventional Technology J Far-infrared rays have the property of penetrating deeply into the human body, so they are used in heating devices, and they are absorbed by organic substances such as paint and food with high efficiency, allowing them to heat quickly, making them useful for drying paint and heating food. It is used.
ＺｒＯ２、Ａｊ２２０３．Ｓｉ０２、ＴｉＯ２などの金
属酸化物は加熱時に高効率で遠赤外線を放射するため、
一般に、これらの酸化物を主体としたセラミックスや、
これらの酸化物を金属基板にコーティングしたものが遠
赤外線放射体として用いられている。ZrO2, Aj2203. Metal oxides such as Si02 and TiO2 emit far-infrared rays with high efficiency when heated, so
Generally, ceramics based on these oxides,
Metal substrates coated with these oxides are used as far-infrared radiators.
また、特公昭５９−７７８９にはＮｉ−Ｃｒ合金、Ｆｅ
−Ｃｒ合金、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｎｉ合金を高温酸化させて表
面にクロムを主体とする黒色酸化皮膜を有する熱輻射材
料が開示されており、特公昭５９−２８９５９ではステ
ンレス鋼を７００℃以上で高温酸化処理して膜厚ｌ〜１
０ｕｍの酸化皮膜を形成させた赤外線ヒータが開示され
ており、さらに特公昭６０−１９１４では耐熱合金イン
コロイを８００℃以上で高温酸化処理した赤外線放射ヒ
ータが、特開昭５５−６４３３ではステンレス鋼の表面
粗度を１−１０μｍに荒らした後、湿式で酸化皮膜を形
成させた放熱体が開示されている。In addition, Ni-Cr alloy, Fe
A heat radiating material having a black oxide film mainly composed of chromium on the surface is disclosed by oxidizing -Cr alloy and Fe-Cr-Ni alloy at high temperature. Film thickness l~1 after oxidation treatment
An infrared radiant heater with a 0 um oxide film formed thereon has been disclosed, and furthermore, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-1914, an infrared radiant heater made of heat-resistant alloy Incoloy is oxidized at a high temperature of 800°C or higher, and in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-6433, an infrared radiant heater made of stainless steel is disclosed. A heat sink is disclosed in which a surface roughness is roughened to 1-10 μm and then an oxide film is formed by a wet process.
［発明が解決しようとする課題１
これらのセラミックス利用の放射体や、ステンレス鋼を
利用した放射体の放射率は０．８〜０．９が限界であっ
た。遠赤外線放射体は、１００〜５００℃に加熱した時
に放射される遠赤外線を利用する構造である。ブランク
の分布前が示すように、放射率が低い放射体を用いて、
高放射率の放射体と同一の遠赤外線を得るためには、よ
り高温に放射体を加熱せねばならず、加熱のための費用
がかかることになる。また用途によっては、可視光や近
赤外線が被加熱体を劣化させるため、遠赤外線のみを放
射したい場合があり、この場合も高効率の遠赤外線放射
体を低温で用いる必要がある。[Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1] The limit of the emissivity of these radiators using ceramics and radiators using stainless steel is 0.8 to 0.9. The far-infrared radiator has a structure that utilizes far-infrared rays emitted when heated to 100 to 500°C. As shown by the blank distribution front, using a radiator with low emissivity,
In order to obtain the same far-infrared rays as a high-emissivity radiator, the radiator must be heated to a higher temperature, which increases heating costs. Furthermore, depending on the application, it may be desired to emit only far infrared rays because visible light and near infrared rays deteriorate the heated object, and in this case as well, it is necessary to use a highly efficient far infrared radiator at low temperatures.
〔課題を解決するための手段１
本発明者らは遠赤外線放射体の放射率を向上させる研究
を行い、Ｆｅ−（Ｉ Ｃ１〜３５％）Ｃｒ−（１，０〜
４．０％）Ｓ１ステンレス鋼の表面にブラスト処理を行
った後、特定条件の高温酸化処理により、表面に長さ５
μｍ以上の突起状酸化物層を形成させることにより、高
放射率遠赤外線放射体を製造しうることをを見出した。[Means for Solving the Problem 1 The present inventors conducted research on improving the emissivity of far-infrared radiators, and found that Fe-(I C1-35%) Cr-(1,0-35%)
4.0%) After blasting the surface of S1 stainless steel, high-temperature oxidation treatment under specific conditions results in a length of 5.
It has been found that a high emissivity far-infrared radiator can be manufactured by forming a protruding oxide layer with a diameter of μm or more.
本発明に用いるＦｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｓｉステンレス鋼は、成分
を下記のように限定すること、および下記のようなブラ
スト処理、高温酸化処理を行うことにより、優れた放射
率を呈する。The Fe-Cr-Si stainless steel used in the present invention exhibits excellent emissivity by limiting the components as described below and by performing the blasting treatment and high-temperature oxidation treatment as described below.
Ｓｉ：
Ｓｉは本発明の必須元素であり、１．０重量％未満では
突起状酸化物を生成させることができず、４．０重量％
を超えると鋼が脆くなり、ＷＡ板の製造が困難となるた
め、１．０重Ｉ％以上４．０重量％以下に限定する。Si: Si is an essential element of the present invention, and if it is less than 1.0% by weight, no protruding oxide can be formed, and if it is less than 4.0% by weight, Si is an essential element for the present invention.
If it exceeds 1.0% by weight or more and 4.0% by weight or less, the steel becomes brittle and it becomes difficult to manufacture a WA plate.
Ｍｎ ：
Ｍｎは母材及び溶接部の靭性を劣化させ、かつ高温で耐
酸化性を損なうので、３．０重量％以下に限定する。Mn: Mn deteriorates the toughness of the base metal and the welded part and impairs oxidation resistance at high temperatures, so it is limited to 3.0% by weight or less.
Ｃｒ：
Ｃｒはステンレス鋼の必須元素であり、１０重量％未満
では耐酸化性がなくなる。またＣｒが３５重１％を超え
ると、鋼が脆くなり、放射体に加工できなくなるので１
０重量％以上３５重量％以下に限定する。Cr: Cr is an essential element for stainless steel, and if it is less than 10% by weight, oxidation resistance is lost. Also, if Cr exceeds 1% by weight, the steel becomes brittle and cannot be processed into a radiator.
It is limited to 0% by weight or more and 35% by weight or less.
一般にＦｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｓｉステンレス鋼には鋼板の靭性を
高め製造しやすくするためと、耐酸化性を向上させる目
的で０．５重量％までのＴｉ、Ｎｂ、Ｚｒを添加したり
、酸化皮膜の耐剥離性を向上させる目的で０．３重量％
までのＹ、Ｃｅ、Ｌａ、Ｎｄなどの希土類元素を添加し
たりするが、これらの元素を添加したＦｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｓｉ
ステンレス鋼も本発明に好適である。Generally, up to 0.5% by weight of Ti, Nb, or Zr is added to Fe-Cr-Si stainless steel to increase the toughness of the steel sheet and make it easier to manufacture, and to improve oxidation resistance. 0.3% by weight for the purpose of improving peeling resistance
Rare earth elements such as Y, Ce, La, and Nd are added to Fe-Cr-Si.
Stainless steel is also suitable for the present invention.
ブラスト処理：
表面に長さ５μｍ以上の突起状の酸化物を生成させるた
めには高温酸化処理部鋼板表面に予め強い加工歪を与え
ることが好ましい。Blasting treatment: In order to generate protruding oxides with a length of 5 μm or more on the surface, it is preferable to apply strong processing strain to the surface of the steel sheet in the high temperature oxidation treatment area in advance.
その方法として表面にブラスト処理を行う。ブラスト処
理は粗度１００〜４００番のアルミナや炭化珪素の砥粒
や直径０．０５〜１．０ｍｍの鉄球や鉄グリッドを投射
し１表面粗度をＲａで０．５ ａ ｍ以上に粗くする。As a method, blasting is performed on the surface. Blasting is performed by projecting alumina or silicon carbide abrasive particles with a roughness of 100 to 400, iron balls or iron grids with a diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 mm, and roughens the surface to 0.5 am or more in Ra. do.
次に、酸化性雰囲気中で９００〜１２００℃で１５分間
以上保持して高温酸化処理を行い、表面に長さ５μｍ以
上の突起状酸化皮膜を形成させることにより、十分な遠
赤外線放射特性を得る。この場合、酸化性雰囲気は通常
の大気のみならず。Next, high-temperature oxidation treatment is performed by holding the temperature at 900 to 1200°C for 15 minutes or more in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a protruding oxide film with a length of 5 μm or more on the surface, thereby obtaining sufficient far-infrared radiation characteristics. . In this case, the oxidizing atmosphere is not only normal air.
酸素を富化サセタ０２− Ｘ （Ｘ ハＮ ２ 、 Ａ
ｒ、Ｈｅ等の非酸化性ガス）混合雰囲気や、０２−８
２０−Ｘ混合雰囲気、あるいは燃焼ガス自体も本発明に
好適である。Oxygen-enriched sasseta 02-X (X HaN2, A
r, non-oxidizing gas such as He) mixed atmosphere, 02-8
A 20-X mixed atmosphere or the combustion gas itself is also suitable for the present invention.
この高温酸化処理温度は、９００℃未満では突起状酸化
皮膜が形成されず、１２００°Ｃを越えると放射体素材
の高温変形が激しくなり放射体として用いることができ
なくなるため、９００℃以上１２００℃以下の範囲で行
う。また、処理時間は十分な長さの突起状酸化皮膜を生
成させるために９００°Ｃ以上１２００°Ｃ以下の温度
範囲で１５分間以上行う。The temperature of this high-temperature oxidation treatment is 900°C or higher and 1200°C, because if it is lower than 900°C, no protruding oxide film will be formed, and if it exceeds 1200°C, the radiator material will undergo severe high-temperature deformation and cannot be used as a radiator. Perform within the following range. Further, the treatment time is carried out for 15 minutes or more at a temperature range of 900° C. or more and 1200° C. or less in order to generate a protruding oxide film of sufficient length.
［実施例］
第１表に示す記号Ａ、Ｂの化学組成をもつＦｅＣｒ−３
ｉステンレス鋼を溶製し、何れも圧延により厚みＣｏ
ｍ ｍの鋼板にした後、焼鈍−酸洗して供試した。また
比較材としてＣ，Ｄの市販の５ＵＳ４３０．３０４の厚
み１．０ｍｍｍの焼鈍−酸洗板も供試した。[Example] FeCr-3 having chemical compositions of symbols A and B shown in Table 1
i Stainless steel is melted and rolled to a thickness of Co.
After making a steel plate with a diameter of mm, it was annealed and pickled and then tested. As comparison materials, commercially available 5US430.304 annealed and pickled plates of C and D with a thickness of 1.0 mm were also used.
これらのステンレス鋼板を１０ｃｍ角に剪断し、第２表
に示す処理をブラスト、高温酸化の順に行った。These stainless steel plates were sheared into 10 cm squares and subjected to the treatments shown in Table 2 in the order of blasting and high temperature oxidation.
これらの試料はブラスト処理後（ただし試料４はブラス
ト処理なし）、触針式表面粗さ測定器（Ｊ Ｉ ５ＢＯ
６５１）で中心線平均粗さ（Ｒａ）（ＪＩＳ ＢＯ６
０１）を測定したが、ブラスト処理前ではＣ，Ｄが０．
２ｕｍ、Ａ、Ｂが０．３ ｕ ｍ程度であったが、ブラ
スト処理後は鉄球ショット処理したものでは１．８〜２
．９μｍ、ｓｉｃサンドショット処理したものでは０．
８〜１．４ｕｍ程度になった。高温酸化処理は大気雰囲
気中で行った。These samples were subjected to blasting (however, sample 4 was not blasted) and then tested using a stylus surface roughness measuring instrument (J I 5BO).
651) and center line average roughness (Ra) (JIS BO6
01), but before blasting, C and D were 0.
2 um, A, and B were about 0.3 um, but after blasting and iron ball shot processing, it was 1.8 to 2 um.
．． 9 μm, and 0.0 μm for those treated with SIC sand shot.
It became about 8 to 1.4 um. The high-temperature oxidation treatment was performed in an air atmosphere.
これらの試料を電子顕微鏡で観察し、突起状酸化皮膜の
形成の有無を調査した。試料を６０度傾けて８００倍で
機影し、写真の酸化物長を測定し、実際の長さの平均値
を推定し、その値を第２表に示した。ブラスト処理を行
わなかった試料４とＳｉを含有していない５ＵＳ４３０
．３０４を用いた試料６．７には突起状酸化皮膜は形成
されなかった。また、高温酸化の時間が３０分間と短い
試料５では突起状酸化物の長さは３μｍ程度であった。These samples were observed with an electron microscope to investigate the presence or absence of formation of protruding oxide films. The sample was tilted 60 degrees and photographed at a magnification of 800 times, the oxide length of the photograph was measured, and the average value of the actual length was estimated, and the values are shown in Table 2. Sample 4 without blasting and 5US430 without Si
．． No protruding oxide film was formed in sample 6.7 using No. 304. In addition, in sample 5 where the high-temperature oxidation time was short, 30 minutes, the length of the protruding oxide was about 3 μm.
残りの試料１〜３では７μｍ以上の長さの突起状酸化物
が生成した。In the remaining samples 1 to 3, protruding oxides with a length of 7 μm or more were generated.
電子顕微鏡写真の代表例として試料１を第１図（写真ｌ
）に示、し、試料４を第２図（写真２）に示す。Sample 1 is shown in Figure 1 (Photo 1) as a representative example of an electron micrograph.
), and Sample 4 is shown in Figure 2 (Photo 2).
次にこれらの試料片を４００℃に加熱し、波長５〜１５
μｍの遠赤外線放射強度を測定した。同？Ｈ度の黒体放
射との比（放射率）の平均を第２表に示す。Next, these sample pieces were heated to 400°C, and a wavelength of 5 to 15
Far-infrared radiation intensity in μm was measured. same? Table 2 shows the average ratio of H degrees to blackbody radiation (emissivity).
突起状酸化皮膜が生成しなかった試料５〜７および突起
状酸化皮膜の長さが３μｍと短い試料４では放射率は０
．７〜０．９であった。これに対して、実施例Ｉ〜３で
は１．０と黒体と同一の良好な放射率を示した。The emissivity was 0 for samples 5 to 7 in which no protruding oxide film was formed and sample 4 in which the length of the protruding oxide film was as short as 3 μm.
．． It was 7-0.9. On the other hand, Examples I to 3 showed good emissivity of 1.0, which is the same as that of a black body.
［発明の効果１
このように本実施例による遠赤外線方射体は優れた放射
特性を示すとともに従来材に比較し優れた耐食性を有す
る。[Effect of the Invention 1] As described above, the far-infrared ray projector according to the present example exhibits excellent radiation characteristics and has excellent corrosion resistance compared to conventional materials.
第１図は実施例の電子顕微鏡写真、第２図は比較例の電
子顕微鏡写真である。FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of an example, and FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a comparative example.
Claims (1)
面に長さ５μｍ以上の突起状酸化皮膜を有することを特
徴とする高放射率遠赤外線放射体。 ２ Ｃｒ：１０〜３５重量％ Ｓｉ：１．０〜４．０重量％ Ｍｎ：３．０重量％以下 を含有するＦｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｓｉステンレス鋼板表面にブラ
スト処理した後、酸化性雰囲気中で９００℃以上１２０
０℃以下の温度範囲に１５分間以上保持することを特徴
とする高放射率遠赤外線放射体の製造方法。[Claims] 1 Fe-Cr-Si stainless steel containing 10 to 35% by weight of Cr, 1.0 to 4.0% by weight of Mn, and 3.0% by weight or less of Mn, which has long surfaces on the surface. A high-emissivity far-infrared radiator characterized by having a protruding oxide film with a height of 5 μm or more. 2 After blasting the surface of a Fe-Cr-Si stainless steel sheet containing Cr: 10 to 35% by weight, Si: 1.0 to 4.0% by weight, and Mn: 3.0% by weight or less, it was heated to 900% by weight in an oxidizing atmosphere. ℃ or more 120
A method for producing a high-emissivity far-infrared radiator, which comprises maintaining the material in a temperature range of 0° C. or lower for 15 minutes or more.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18463188A JPH0234765A (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1988-07-26 | High-emissivity far infrared emitter and its production |
| DE68927391T DE68927391T2 (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1989-07-24 | Highly radiation-intensive and highly corrosion-resistant radiator in the far infrared range and process for its production |
| EP89113626A EP0354405B1 (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1989-07-24 | Far-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
| DE8989113626T DE68906836T2 (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1989-07-24 | HIGH RADIATION INTENSIVE AND HIGH CORROSION RESISTANT RADIATORS IN THE FAR INFRARED AREA AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF. |
| EP92117315A EP0533211B1 (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1989-07-24 | Far-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
| US07/877,191 US5213629A (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1992-05-01 | Ear-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
| US08/047,613 US5338616A (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1993-04-08 | Far-infrared emitter of high emissivity and corrosion resistance and method for the preparation thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18463188A JPH0234765A (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1988-07-26 | High-emissivity far infrared emitter and its production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0234765A true JPH0234765A (en) | 1990-02-05 |
Family
ID=16156609
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18463188A Pending JPH0234765A (en) | 1988-07-26 | 1988-07-26 | High-emissivity far infrared emitter and its production |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0234765A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0516989U (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-03-02 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | Concrete formwork for makeup pattern formation |
| JPH0516990U (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-03-02 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | Concrete formwork for makeup pattern formation |
| EP2546384A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-01-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Steam turbine member |
-
1988
- 1988-07-26 JP JP18463188A patent/JPH0234765A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0516989U (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-03-02 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | Concrete formwork for makeup pattern formation |
| JPH0516990U (en) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-03-02 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | Concrete formwork for makeup pattern formation |
| EP2546384A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-01-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Steam turbine member |
| EP2546384A4 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2014-03-19 | Hitachi Ltd | Steam turbine member |
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