JPH02311249A - Mechanical process of work from both surface sides and work reversal device using for this - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce a manday for work attachment/detachment, maintaining process accuracy by mounting a work on a work reversal device having a through hole on the point a mechanical process is to be executed, and by processing the work reversed, through the through hole. CONSTITUTION:In a locate clamp device 7a, a pallet 1 is located and fixed, so as to vibrate by 90 deg. from a horizontal state to both directions, while a moving frame 23 is formed into a frame, and a through hole is provided on a support frame 22. On the upper surface of the pallet 1, a clamp board 93 having a gate pin 91 is provided, and a through hole is formed that allows the process from the rear surface side of a retainer 90. After the retainer 90 is located on the pallet 1 using a boss part 90a and a locate hole 90b, mechanical process from the front surface side as well as from the rear surface side, and further, multiple processes of mechanical process can be performed without executing attachment/detachment of the retainer 90.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention provides a machining method and method suitable for machining a workpiece from each of two corresponding surfaces, such as the front and back sides of the workpiece. The present invention relates to a work reversing device used for implementation.

(Conventional technology) When machining a workpiece from both the front and back sides, conventionally the workpiece is fixed to a machine tool with one of the front and back sides facing the tool, and the workpiece is machined from that side. After machining, the workpiece is removed, then fixed again on the machine tool with the other side facing the tool, and machining is performed from the remaining side.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the conventional method described above, it is necessary to temporarily remove the workpiece and fix it again between machining from one surface side and machining from the other surface side. However, there were problems in that it took a lot of man-hours to attach and detach, and it was difficult to maintain machining accuracy.

The present invention provides a machining force method and apparatus that advantageously solves the above-mentioned problems by allowing machining to be performed on both sides of the workpiece by fixing the workpiece only once.

(Means for Solving the Problems) A method of machining a workpiece from both sides of the workpiece according to the present invention, when machining the workpiece from each side of two opposing surfaces of the workpiece, the workpiece is machined by the machine. Using the part that will not be machined, attach it to a workpiece reversing device that has a through hole corresponding to the position of the workpiece to be machined, and then machine the workpiece from one side of the two surfaces of the workpiece. a step of machining the workpiece from the other side of the two surfaces of the workpiece with a tool passed through the through hole of the workpiece reversing device; and a step of reversing the workpiece with the workpiece reversing device. It is characterized by being carried out in between.

Here, in order to attach the workpiece to the workpiece reversing device, first, the part of the workpiece that is not to be machined is placed on a pallet that has through-holes corresponding to the position of the workpiece that is to be machined. The work may be fixed, and then the pallet may be fixed to the work reversing device.

Further, the workpiece reversing device of the present invention, which can be used in the machining method, includes a support member that fixes the workpiece using a portion of the workpiece that is not machined, and a swinging means that swings the support member. In the workpiece rocking device, a through hole is provided in the support member corresponding to a position where the workpiece is machined, and the rocking means rotates the support member to a predetermined posture and inverts the posture. The device is characterized in that it can be swung between different postures.

Here, the support member may position and fix the workpiece and also position and fix a pallet provided with a through hole corresponding to a position where the workpiece is machined; is a movable member that holds the pallet so as to be able to be carried in and out in a direction parallel to the swing axis of the support member, and a reciprocating movement of the movable member in a direction perpendicular to the swing axis. A positioning member that engages and detaches from the held pallet, and a movable member that is positioned between the movable member and the supporting member while the pallet held by the movable member engages with the positioning member and is positioned. a pallet positioning and fixing position in which a workpiece gripped and fixed and positioned and fixed on the pallet is located substantially on the swing axis; A movable member moving means may be provided that reciprocates in a direction perpendicular to the swing axis between the swing means and a pallet loading/unloading position located without overlapping the swing means.

(Function) According to this method, a workpiece is mounted using a part of the workpiece that is not to be machined onto a workpiece reversing device having a through hole corresponding to a position where the workpiece is to be machined, and the workpiece is rotated by the workpiece reversing device. The tool is passed through the through hole to perform machining from the side facing the workpiece reversing device, so once the workpiece is attached to the workpiece reversing device, it can be machined from both sides of the workpiece without removing it. Therefore, the number of man-hours for attaching and detaching the workpiece can be reduced, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be easily maintained.

Note that mounting the workpiece requires a certain amount of man-hours to ensure machining accuracy, so if the workpiece is directly mounted on the workpiece reversing device, the operating time of the machine tool will be reduced by the amount of mounting.

Therefore, if the number of workpieces to be processed is small, the workpiece can be directly attached to the workpiece reversing device, but if the number of workpieces to be processed is large, the workpiece can be fixed to a pallet at another location, and then the pallet can be attached to the workpiece reversing device. It is preferable to fix the workpiece to the workpiece reversing device because it can save time.In this case as well, the pallet is provided with through holes, and machining from the side facing the workpiece reversing device is preferable. , can be performed by passing a tool through the through hole, so machining can be performed from both sides of the workpiece without removing the workpiece from the pallet.

Further, according to the work reversing device of the present invention, the work can be
A through hole corresponding to the workpiece machining position is provided in the support member that is fixed using the part that is not machined, and the support member can be reversed by a swinging means, so that the support member can be moved in a predetermined direction. By swinging, the surface of the workpiece facing the support member, for example, the surface, is directed toward the tool of the machine tool, and after machining is performed from that side, by swinging the support member in the opposite direction, The support member and therefore the workpiece fixed thereto can be turned over so that the side of the workpiece facing the support member, for example the back side, faces the tool, and further the tool can be brought to the workpiece through the through hole of the support member. Therefore, once the workpiece is mounted on the workpiece reversing device, machining can be performed from both sides of the workpiece without removing it.

In addition, after processing from the side facing the support member first,
Of course, the workpiece may be reversed and the surface facing the support member may be processed.

However, as mentioned above, when a large number of workpieces are to be processed, it is preferable that the support member positions and fixes the pallet on which the workpiece is positioned and fixed, and in this case as well, the pallet has through-holes. is provided, so
Machining of the side of the workpiece facing the pallet and thus the supporting member can be carried out by passing tools through through holes in the pallet and the supporting member, thus without having to remove the workpiece from the pallet (the machine can machine it from both sides of the workpiece). Can be processed.

Furthermore, the supporting member is provided with a movable member 2 positioning member and a movable member moving means to reciprocate the movable member holding the pallet between the pallet positioning and fixing position and the pallet loading/unloading position. For example, a pallet transported along a path that avoids interference with the swinging means is received by the movable means, and the pallet is pulled in and supported so that the workpiece, which is positioned and fixed there, is positioned substantially on the swing axis. Since it can be positioned and fixed to the member, the workpiece can be reversed on the swing axis, reducing the amount of movement of the machine tool relative to the workpiece, and ultimately saving the installation space of the machine tool. can.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a workpiece machining line to which an embodiment of the method of machining workpieces from both sides of the workpiece according to the present invention is applied, and Fig. 2 is a front view of the workpiece machining line viewed from the direction of the arrow ■. The workpiece processing line here is for performing five steps of machining on workpieces, which are multiple types of engine parts made of aluminum alloy cast by molds. Pallet loading station a, workpiece processing at five locations This straight line has stations b-f and a pallet 1 output station g, and pallets 1 with workpieces are sequentially conveyed to these stations a to g to the right in the figure for machining. In addition to being equipped with a pallet feed type transfer machine 2 of the shape,
A horizontal conveyor line 3 extending along the transfer machine 2 at approximately waist height of the worker and having a workpiece loading/unloading station h for loading and unloading the workpieces on the pallet 1; A conveyor device 4 with a lifter moves the pallet 1 discharged from line 3 to the left in the figure to the pallet carry-in station a in the side and upward direction, and a conveyor device 4 with a lifter moves the pallet 1 discharged from the line 3 to the left in the figure as shown in FIG. A cleaning device 5 receives the pallet 1 and cleans the pallet and the workpieces attached thereto, and the pallet 1 discharged downward from the cleaning device 5 in FIG. A turntable device 6 that rotates the pallet 1 and returns it to the conveyor line 3 constitutes a loop-shaped line that rotates the pallet 1 clockwise in FIG. 1.

The transfer machines 2 here are for processing the front and back surfaces and side surfaces of the workpiece, the inner circumferential surface of the central hole, etc., and are arranged at the processing stations b, c, and e, and are approximately identical to each other. A locating/re-ramp device 7 as an embodiment of the work reversing device of the present invention, which has a function of positioning and fixing the pallet 1 as well as swinging it, and is arranged at the processing stations d and f. three locate/clamp devices 8 having the functions of positioning, fixing, swinging, and further rotating the ballasts 1 each extending in the extending direction of the transfer machine 2 and having approximately the same configuration as each other; Locate and clamp device 7 to those processing stations b - e.
Alternatively, four square turrets each having four tool gearing heads each having a substantially identical configuration and rotating around a horizontal axis extending in the direction in which the transfer machine 2 extends, are arranged facing toward the transfer machine 2. 2 NC machine tool 9, one normal machining center 10 which has a large number of tools replaceably arranged at a processing station f toward the locate/clamp device 8, and further includes:
A guide path 11 having a large number of guide rollers above and below and on both sides of the pallet path, which guides the movement of the pallet 1 between the stations a to g at a high position, and the guide path 11 and extending along it. ]・Lance Faber 1
2, a transfer device 13 transports the pallet 1 in a tact manner from the carrying-in station a to the carrying-out station g, passing through the processing stations b-f sequentially, and the pallet 1 that has arrived at the carrying-out station g is moved horizontally by 90 degrees.
rotating and lowering it to the cleaning device 5;
The turntable device 14 includes a turntable device 14 with a lifter.

Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the former locate/clamp device 7, which is an embodiment of the workpiece reversing device of the present invention, is guided by a guide path 11 and moves to the right in the figure to reach the processing station. The locate/clamp mechanism 21 positions and fixes the pallet 1 that has arrived at
A tilt mechanism 51 as a swinging means that swings around the
The locate/clamp mechanism 21 has a guide path 11 located at a high position to avoid interference between the pallet 1 being transported and the tilt mechanism 51, so that the locate/clamp mechanism 21 can be moved at the bottom height indicated by B in the figure. In order to lower the conveyed pallet 1 and position it on the workpiece attached thereto approximately at the height of the swing axis A, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6,
A generally rectangular support frame 22 as a support member has both ends 22a raised in a roughly chevron shape and has a generally rectangular through hole 22b in the center, and between both ends 22a of the support frame 22, A movable frame 23 as a movable member is provided in the form of a frame consisting of two vertical bars 23a and two horizontal bars 23b that are integral with each other.

As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, two racks 24 are provided at the four corners of the lower surface of the movable frame 23 on the same side.
A guide rod 24 with a and a guide rod 25 without a rack are each fixed so as to extend downward,
On the other hand, the support frame 22 has a through hole 22a and a guide bush 26 that support the guide rods 24, 25 so as to be movable up and down, and two pinions that mesh with the rack 24a and are connected to each other via a shaft 27. 28, and two hydraulic cylinders 29 as movable member moving means for raising and lowering the movable frame 23 and fixing the pallet 1, and the piston rods 29a of the cylinders 29 each have two vertical beams. 23a.

Therefore, here, the movable frame 23 can be moved up and down relative to the support frame 22 by supplying hydraulic pressure to the two hydraulic cylinders 29, and moreover, by the mutually connected pinions 28 and the rack 24a meshing with them, Both vertical beams 23a of the movable frame 23 can be raised and lowered in synchronization.

Furthermore, each of the two horizontal beams 23b of the movable frame 23 is formed with three notches facing upward and four notches facing downward. A guide roller 30 that rotates around an axis and guides the side surface of the pallet 1 is pivotally supported, while a guide roller 31 that rotates around a horizontal axis and guides the bottom surface of the pallet 1 is mounted in each downwardly facing notch. It is pivotally supported via a block 32.

Further, clamp members 33 are respectively fixed on the two horizontal beams 23b so as to protrude inwardly therefrom, and are supported at the bottom by the lower guide rollers 31 and by the side guide rollers 30. Pallet 1 guided on the side is
The clamp member 33 can be moved by leaving a slight gap between the stepped portions 1a on both sides thereof and the clamp member 33.

On the other hand, on the upper surface of the support frame 22, the movable frame 2
Two tapered locate pins 34 are located diagonally to each other inside the clamp member 33, and four clamp blocks 35, a portion of which is located on one side of the clamp member 33, are erected.

Therefore, here, after receiving the pallet 1 conveyed at the bottom height indicated by the symbol B in FIGS. 6 and 9 by the movable frame 23 at the upper limit position, the movable frame 23 is moved as described above. By lowering the pallet 1, the two locating pins 34 are inserted into the locating holes of the pallet 1, and the pallet 1 is positioned relative to the locating/clamping mechanism 21. The pallet 1 can be fixed to the locate/clamp mechanism 21 by clamping both sides of the pallet 1, and by raising the movable frame 23 from this state, the pallet 1 can be released and lifted to the above-mentioned transport height B. , making it possible to carry it out.

In addition, in the figure, a movable frame 23 is attached to the vertical bar 23a on the left side.
A locking member 36 is pivotally supported so as to be able to swing around a horizontal axis. Forced.

Therefore, the locking member 36 is attached to the engaging portion 3 when the pallet 1 is moved by the transfer bar 12.
6a is pressed down to allow movement of pallet 1, while
When moving the movable frame 23 up and down, the hooking portion 36a engages with the hooking groove provided on the bottom of the pallet 1, thereby hooking the pallet 1 to the center of the movable frame 23 and ensuring the insertion of the locate pin 34. It can be tightened.

In addition, two brackets 37 are fixed to both ends 22a of the support frame 22, and these brackets 37 have guide rollers 38 for guiding the bottom surface of the pallet 1 when the pallet 1 is carried in. , a guide roller 39 that guides the side surface of the pallet 1, and a stepped portion 1a of the pallet 1.
A guide block 40 for guiding the upper surface of the movable frame 23 is provided, and a stopper 41 for specifying the upper limit position of the movable frame 23 is also provided.

Furthermore, a tapered guide rod 42 is provided upright at one end of each vertical beam 23a of the movable frame 23, while a guide bush 43 is provided on the bracket 37 at a position aligned with the guide rod 42. When the movable frame 23 rises, these guide rods 42 are inserted into the guide bushings 43 and the guide rods 24.2
The vertical movement of the movable frame 23 whose fitting length between the frame 5 and the support frame 22 side is shortened is guided.

Therefore, short guide rods 24.25 are used here to shorten the length of the portions of these guide rods 24.25 that protrude from the support frame 22 when the pallet 1 is positioned and fixed. Palette 1
When machining a workpiece from the bottom side, the gearing head of the machine tool can be brought sufficiently close to the workpiece, and as a result, the supporting rigidity of the tool can be sufficiently increased to obtain high machining accuracy.

On the other hand, since the tilt mechanism 51 here enables processing on both the front and back sides of the workpiece, as shown in FIG. A drive unit 52 that can swing in each direction by an arbitrary angle of 90° or more, and a drive unit 52 that swingably supports the locate/clamp mechanism 21 and supports the locate/clamp mechanism 21.
The drive part 52 has two taper parts that are rotatable about the swing axis A, as shown in FIG. 10. A bracket 55 that pivotally supports the swing shaft 54 via a roller bearing.
and the locate/clamp mechanism 2 of the bracket 55.
A servo motor 56 with an encoder fixed to the end opposite to 1, and the servo motor 56 and the bracket 5
A reduction gear 57 with a high reduction ratio, such as Harmonic Drive (trade name), which is interposed between the swing shaft 54 and the bracket 55, and a hydraulic chuck which is fixed to the bracket 55 side. 58, and its reducer 57
The input shaft 57a of is connected to the output shaft 56a of the servo motor 56, while the output shaft 57b of the reducer 57 is connected to the swing shaft 54.
The other end of the swing shaft 54 is connected to one end 22a of the support frame 22 of the locate/clamp mechanism 21 (the left end in the figure) facing the output shaft 57b. It is coupled to one end 22a of the shaft through an expandable shaft joint 59 disposed in a through hole formed in the shaft.

Here, as shown in FIG. 11, the support part 53 includes a bracket 62 that pivotally supports the swing shaft 61 via three pole bearings so as to be rotatable about the swing axis A, and a bracket 62 that pivots around the swing axis A. A central shaft 63 is inserted through and fixed to the center of the shaft 61 so that they share a common central axis, and a central shaft 63 is fixed to the end of the bracket 62 that opposes the locate/clamp mechanism 21 (the right end in the figure). 63 is fluid-tightly and rotatably inserted through the rotary joint 64, and a detection piece 65 coupled to the end of the swing shaft 61 detects that the swing shaft 61 is at a predetermined rotation origin position. Detecting sensor 66 and swing shaft 61
and a hydraulic chuck 67 interposed between the bracket 62 and the bracket 62 and fixed to the bracket 62 side. The other end 22a of the frame 22
is fitted into a recess formed in and coupled thereto,
Further, the central shaft 63 has a plurality of fluid passages 63a (only one is shown in the figure) inside, and the rotary joist 4 has a plurality of fluid passages 63a inside.
The central shaft 63 has a plurality of annular grooves 64a on its inner peripheral surface corresponding to the openings of the respective fluid passages 63a on the outer peripheral surface thereof, and a plurality of annular grooves 64a each communicating with the annular grooves and opening to the outside. Bow 1-64b (Only one is shown in the figure.

)have. A fluid passage 63 within the central shaft 63
a is connected to a fluid passage provided in the end portion 22a of the support frame of the locate and clamp mechanism 21, and communicates with the hydraulic cylinder 29 of the locate and clamp mechanism 21 via the passage.

Therefore, in this case, the swing shaft 54 is rotated based on the operation of the servo motor 56 and the output signal of the built-in encoder, and the clamp mechanism 21 and, by extension, the pallet l positioned and fixed thereon are attached to the pallet. While the workpiece is positioned approximately on the swing axis A, it can be swung around the swing axis A in both swing directions by an arbitrary angle that can be 90° or more. By supplying hydraulic pressure to an oil chamber (not shown) inside the holder 67, the swing shaft 54.61 can be gripped and the locate/clamp mechanism 21 can be firmly fixed in its swing position. By supplying hydraulic pressure to the boat 64b of the joint 64, the hydraulic cylinder 29 of the locate/clamp mechanism 21 can be actuated to move the movable frame 23 up and down.

According to the locate/clamp device 7, the movable frame 23 receives the pallet 1 conveyed through the guide path 11 disposed at a high position, and then pulls it down, so that the workpieces attached to the pallet 1 are roughly shaken. The pallet 1 is positioned and fixed on the moving axis A, and the pallet 1 can be swung by 90 degrees in both directions from a horizontal position. By providing the holes 22b and providing through-holes at required positions on the pallet 1 as described later, it is possible to machine workpieces from both the front and back sides of the workpieces. Since the rotation can be made approximately on the swing axis A, it is possible to reduce the amount of positional shift of the workpiece during front and back processing, and the amount of movement of the processing machine relative to the workpiece.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the latter locate/clamp device 8 includes a tilt mechanism 51 having the same configuration as described above and comprising a drive section 52 and a support section 53, and a table. It has an index mechanism 72 for rotating the table 71 at an arbitrary angle, and a locate/clamp mechanism (not shown) provided on the table 71.
Here, the index mechanism 72 can rotate the table 71 by an arbitrary angle via a worm gear (not shown) and a worm wheel that meshes with the worm gear (not shown) by a servo motor (not shown) having a built-in encoder. can be firmly fixed in its rotating position.

In addition, the locate/clamp mechanism (not shown) provided on the table 71 cannot perform machining from the bottom side of the pallet 1 due to the presence of the index mechanism 72, so the pallet 1 cannot be moved from the pivot axis of the workpiece. Since there is no need to lower the movable frame to the height above A, the movable frame has a structure similar to that of the locate/clamp mechanism 21 described above, and the amount of elevation of the movable frame is set to at least a level that allows the locate pin to be inserted into and removed from the pallet 1. It has a shortened structure.

It should be noted that the index mechanism 72 and the locate/clamp mechanism (not shown) are not directly related to the present invention, and therefore their details will be omitted.

According to the locate/clamp device 8, the pallet 1 can not only be positioned and fixed by the locate/clamp mechanism, but also the pallet 1 can be swung to a vertical position. Since the surface of the workpiece can be machined and the pallet 1 can be rotated by the indexing mechanism 72, the side surface of the workpiece can be machined from any direction.

FIG. 14 shows how an oil seal retainer 90, which is an example of a workpiece, is attached to a pallet 1 for supplying workpieces to the workpiece processing line described above. Here, two retainers are attached to one pallet 1. 90 is installed.

The retainer 90 shown by the imaginary line in the figure is cast from an aluminum alloy material using a mold, and during the casting process, the retainer 90 has a part that is attached to the pallet 1 for positioning and fixing to the pallet 1 during subsequent machining. Seven tongue-shaped boss portions 90a, which also serve as machining reference portions, are formed on the side surfaces by selecting positions that do not interfere with tools, etc. In addition, in the figure, there are three cast-out holes penetrating through the tongue-shaped boss portions 90a at both left and right ends. A locate hole 90b is formed as a processing reference portion.

On the other hand, on the upper surface of the pallet 1, for each retainer 90, there are two clamp stands 92 without locating pins 91, a clamp stand 93 with - locating pins 91, and six auxiliary support stands. 94, and the pallet 1 is further provided with three through holes for each retainer 90 in order to enable processing from the back side of the retainer 90, in addition to the step portion 1a mentioned above. 1b, a plurality of through holes 1c for weight reduction, and two locating holes 1d located at diagonal corners. A hooking groove 1e that can be hooked is formed, and since the pallet 1 is transported in the direction shown by the arrow in the figure, the front end of the pallet 1 is provided with two cushioning materials in case of a collision with another pallet 1. Elastic blocks 95 are provided.

The former clamp stand 92 is mounted on a block 96 as shown in FIG.
a support pin 97 fixed to support the back surface of the support pin 97, a clamp lever 98 whose one end abuts the surface of the boss portion 90a and grips the boss portion 90a together with the support pin 97, and the other end of the clamp lever 98. a pivot pin 99 that swingably supports the clamp lever 90 on a spherical surface; a bolt 100 that, when tightened into the block 96, presses the center portion of the clamp lever 90 toward the block 96 to enable gripping of the boss portion 90a; A spring 101 that lifts the clamp lever 98 when the bolt 100 is loosened to facilitate attachment and detachment of the retainer 90, and a spring 101 that allows the clamp lever 98 to rotate about the bolt 100 with one end of the lever resting on the support pin 97. Stopper pin 102 (
(see Figure 14). In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, the latter clamp table 93 has the same configuration as the former clamp table 92, and also includes a locate pin 91 that is supported by a block 96 so as to be movable up and down, and a locate pin 91 that is moved in the upward direction. A spring 103 is provided that constantly biases the block 96 to project upward from the block 96.

Therefore, here, loosen the bolt 100, rotate the clamp lever 98 to the side of the support pin 97, and place the clamp lever 98 on the support pin 97 at three locations so that the height from the back surface is the same during casting. Three boss portions 90a formed to serve as processing reference portions are placed, and springs 103 are placed in three locate holes 90b formed to serve as horizontal processing reference portions to ensure positional accuracy during casting. Insert the tapered tip of the locate pin 91 with a pressing force of , and then rotate the clamp lever 98 until it abuts the stopper pin 102 to position one end of the lever on the support pin 97 and eventually on the boss portion 90a. Therefore, by tightening the bolts 100, the retainer 90 as a workpiece can be positioned and fixed on the pallet 1 very easily. Furthermore, if the operation is reversed to the above, the clamp lever 98 is lifted by the action of the spring 101, so that the retainer 90 can be removed from the pallet 1 very easily.

Here, in order to more reliably support the retainer 90, which is a thin workpiece, as shown in FIG. The support pin 106 is fixed by constantly urging it upward so that it comes into contact with the back surface of the boss portion 90a or the thin wall portion of the handle 108, and in this state of contact, rotates the handle 108 and tightens the fixing screw 109 connected thereto. Since the auxiliary support base 94 is provided, it is possible to effectively prevent deformation of the retainer 90 due to milling or the like on the surface of the retainer 90 and deterioration of accuracy due to chatter vibration.

Therefore, if the oil seal retainer 90 as a workpiece is mounted on the pallet 1 as described above at the workpiece attachment/detachment station h of the workpiece processing line mentioned above, and the pallet 1 is supplied to the transfer machine 2, the workpiece can be processed. At stages b - e, for example, Fig. 18 (a
), as shown in (b), the locate clamp device 7
Alternatively, by maintaining the pallet 1 positioned and fixed by 8 horizontally and selectively arranging the gearing head having the drill 9a and the tap 9b at the tool use position (horizontal position) of the turret type 1 machine tool 9, the retainer It is possible to drill pilot holes and machine threads on the sides of the pallet 90, and as shown in FIG. Along with shaking,
After milling the surface of the retainer 90 by placing a gearing head having a milling cutter 9c at the tool use position of the machine tool 9, the pallet 1 is positioned by the locate/clamp mechanism 21 of the locate/clamp device 7. For example, as shown in Fig. 20,
Contrary to the above, the locate/clamp device 7 is supported by swinging it to a vertical position so that the bottom face faces the machine tool 9, and by arranging the gearing head with the milling cutter 9d at the tool use position of the machine tool 9. The milling cutter 9d is inserted into the retainer 9 through the through hole 22b of the frame 22, the center hole of the movable frame 23, and the through hole 1b of the pallet 1.
0 can be approached from the back side, so the first
As shown in FIG. 5, following the milling of the surface, the inner peripheral surface of the center hole of the retainer 9o and the corners of the back side thereof can be chamfered, and further, for example,
As shown in FIG. 21, the pallet 1 is moved so that the bottom surface faces the machine tool 9 by the locate/clamp device 7 in the same manner as above.
At the same time, the drill 9e with reamer and the boring head 9 are moved to the tool use position of the machine tool 9.
By arranging a gearing head having a diameter of
0 can be approached from the back side, so the first
As shown in FIG. 7, finishing of the inner circumferential surface of the center hole of the retainer 90 and machining of three positioning pin holes can be performed, and at the machining station f, the retainer 90 is The machining center 10 can perform the same processing as described above except for processing from the back side.

In addition, the locate and clamp device 8 has an indexing mechanism 72, so that at processing stations d and f,
The retainer 90 can also be processed from directions other than the short side direction of the pallet 1.

In addition, the machine tool 9 and the machining center 10 described above
each with their turrets and tool changers,
Since the tool used can be changed in a short time, the retainer 90
Even if pallets 1 with other workpieces attached are mixed together, machining can be performed according to the contents of each workpiece. In this case, it goes without saying that the pallet 1 is provided with clamp stands 92, 93, through holes 1b, and, if necessary, an auxiliary support stand 94 at positions corresponding to the workpieces.

In FIG. 1, 111 is a cart for transporting pallets, 112 is a ramp for loading pallets into the line, 113 is a ramp for discharging pallets from the line, and arrow E indicates the direction in which pallets 1 are transported. , the turntable device 6 is
By changing the direction of the turntable 6a, the ramp 112 and the conveyor line 3 can be selectively connected, and the ramp 113 and the cleaning device 5 can be selectively connected.

As described above, according to the machining method of this embodiment, the boss portion 90a and the locate hole 90b provided during casting
Once the retainer 90 is positioned and fixed on the pallet 1 using the retainer 90, it is possible to perform machining from the front and back sides of the retainer 90 without attaching or detaching the retainer 90 itself, or to perform multiple machining steps. Therefore, machining of the processing reference part and workpiece attachment/detachment work during the process can be omitted.
While maintaining machining accuracy, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of man-hours during machining, and to increase the operating rate of the machining machine by using pallets, which in turn significantly reduces the machining cost of the retainer 90. I can do it.

Although the invention has been explained above based on the illustrated example, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned example, and when the production quantity is small and multiple steps of machining can be performed with a single processing machine such as a machining center, It is also possible to directly position and fix the workpiece to the workpiece reversing device using its boss part and processing reference part, and perform machining from both sides of the workpiece. Of course, even in this case, the above-mentioned work man-hour reduction effect can be brought about. .

Furthermore, the processing machine that performs machining may be a grinding machine or an electric discharge machine (in addition to the above-mentioned examples).

(Effects of the Invention) Thus, according to the method of machining a workpiece from both sides of the workpiece and the workpiece reversing device used therein of the present invention, once the workpiece is attached to the workpiece reversing device, machining can be performed from both sides of the workpiece without removing it. Since the machining process can be carried out, the number of man-hours required for attaching and detaching the workpiece can be reduced, the machining cost can be lowered, and machining accuracy can be easily maintained.

By positioning and fixing the workpiece to the workpiece reversing device via a pallet provided with through holes, it is possible to increase the operating rate of the processing machine and further reduce processing costs.

In addition, by moving the pallet back and forth with the movable member relative to the support member of the work reversing device and arranging the work on the swing axis, the amount of movement of the processing machine can be reduced and the installation space can be saved. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a workpiece machining line to which an embodiment of the method of machining a workpiece from both sides of the workpiece according to the present invention is applied, and Fig. 2 is a front view of the workpiece machining line seen from the direction of the arrow ■. , FIG. 3 is a front view showing a locate/clamp device as an embodiment of the work reversing device of the present invention, which is included in the transfer machine of the work processing line, and FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are: A plan view, a front view, and a side view showing the locate/clamp mechanism of the above locate/clamp device, FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 5, and FIG.
A cross-sectional view along the line ■-■ in the figure, Figure 9 is IX-I in Figure 5.
A cross-sectional view taken along the X-ray, FIG. 10 is an enlarged front view partially cut away to show the drive section of the tilt mechanism of the locate/clamp device, and FIG. 11 is an enlarged front view partially cut away to show the support section of the tilt mechanism. 12 and 13 are a plan view and a front view showing another locate/clamp device included in the transfer machine, and FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a pallet for supplying workpieces to the workpiece processing line together with the workpieces. Figure 15 is a sectional view taken along line xv-xv in Figure 14, Figure 16 is a plan view showing a part of the pallet, and Figure 17 is
18 to 21, which are cross-sectional views taken along the line (1)-X-2, are explanatory diagrams illustrating the state of machining of the workpieces attached to the pallet by the transfer machine. 1... Pallet 2... Transfer machine-35 = 3... Conveyor line 4... Conveyance device with lifter 5... Cleaning device 6... Turntable device 7.8... Locate clamp Device 9...Turret 2 NC machine tool 10...Machining center 11...B12 in N
...Transfer bar 13...Transfer device 2
1... Locate/clamp mechanism 51... Tilt mechanism 71... Table 72
... Index mechanism 90 ... Oil seal retainer (work) 90a ...
・Boss part 90b... Locate hole 91...
Locate pin 92.93...Clamp base 94.
...Auxiliary support stand 22a 6I 67 mouth

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. When machining the workpiece from each side of two opposing surfaces of the workpiece, the workpiece is machined using the portions that are not machined,
a step of attaching the workpiece to a workpiece reversing device provided with a through hole corresponding to the machining position of the workpiece, and then machining the workpiece from one side of the two surfaces of the workpiece; A step of machining the workpiece from the other side of the two surfaces of the workpiece with a tool passed through the through hole is performed with a step of reversing the workpiece using the workpiece reversing device interposed therebetween. A method of machining from both sides of the workpiece. 2. Attachment of the workpiece to the workpiece reversing device is as follows: First, the part of the workpiece that is not to be machined is fixed to a pallet in which a through hole is provided corresponding to the position of the workpiece to be machined. The method of machining a workpiece from both sides according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pallet is then fixed to the workpiece reversing device. 3. A workpiece swinging device comprising: a support member for fixing a workpiece using a portion of the workpiece that is not machined; and a swinging means for swinging the support member; A through hole is provided corresponding to a position where machining is to be performed, and the swinging means is capable of swinging the support member between a predetermined posture and a reverse posture with respect to the predetermined posture. A workpiece reversing device. 4. The workpiece reversal according to claim 3, wherein the support member positions and fixes the workpiece and also positions and fixes a pallet provided with a through hole corresponding to a position where the workpiece is machined. Device. 5. The support member includes a movable member that holds the pallet so that it can be carried in and out in a direction parallel to the swing axis of the support member, and a movable member that allows the movable member to reciprocate in a direction perpendicular to the swing axis. a positioning member that engages and detaches from the pallet held by the movable member; and a positioning member that engages and detaches the pallet held by the movable member; a pallet positioning and fixing position in which a workpiece gripped and fixed to a support member and positioned and fixed on the pallet is located substantially on the swing axis; between the swing means and a pallet loading/unloading position located without overlapping in the swing axis direction;
5. The work reversing device according to claim 4, further comprising a movable member moving means for reciprocating in a direction perpendicular to the swing axis.