JPH02292121A - Universal gear chamfering machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform uniform chamfering from a tooth tip through a tooth bottom smoothly by providing a cutting tool which enters into the tooth space of a gear to perform chamfering without interfering with a tooth face. CONSTITUTION:After a workpiece 15 is mounted on a chamfering machine to set a positioning clamp, a swivel base 14 is moved by driving a motor to move and set the cutter 1 of a cutting tool 21 which is housed in an edge spindle head 2 supported by the swivel base to a preset work-starting position near the gear tooth end of a workpiece 15. Next, a preset motor is driven to move the cutter 1 along the tooth-figured end of the workpiece 15, while putting the right-and-left, up-and-down and back-and-forth movement of the cutter 1 and the rotation of the workpiece 15 into synchronous motion, for cutting the equivalent of one tooth. Then, the cutter 1 is set back and fed for the next tooth in response to the rotation of the workpiece 15 to perform cutting, and the chamfering of the gear comes to the end after this operation is repeated.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to chamfering the tooth edges of gears. Specifically, the present invention relates to chamfering the tooth edges of gears. Specifically, the present invention uses a versatile milling capter to chamfer the edges of gears from the tip of the tooth to the bottom of the tooth with easy setup changes. This relates to a chamfering machine that performs uniform chamfering along tooth profiles.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, a dedicated gear chamfering machine has generally been used to chamfer the tooth ends of cut gears, and in many cases, this chamfering also serves as a chamfering process.

An example of this is shown in FIG. 9. In a gear chamfering machine 30, a shaft 33 is driven by a V-belt 32 from a motor 31, and a spur gear 35 is driven by a bevel gear 34 provided at the center of the shaft 33.
The rotation is transmitted to the worm wheel 36 through the worm wheel 36, and a workpiece (hereinafter referred to as a workpiece) 37 attached to the upper end thereof rotates. Further, a cutting tool (cutting tool) 39 is finally rotated via bevel gears 38 provided at both ends of the shaft 33. The change gear 40 is selected so that the workpiece 37 rotates by one tooth when the cutting tool 39 rotates once, and the cutting tool 39
By making the shape match the tooth profile of the workpiece 37, one tooth of the workpiece 37 is chamfered by the cutting tool 39.

An enlarged explanatory view of section C in FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. 10.

A cutting tool 39 equipped with a cutter 42 moves in synchronization with the rotation of the work bead 37 as shown by the arrow, and the cutter 42 on the left side in the figure cuts the cutter on the right side of the large end of the bevel gear. At 42, the gear on the small end side is chamfered.

Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-39117, U.S.P.
November 22, 1966 US Patent) 3286593
No. 6,100,110 discloses an apparatus and method for adjusting the position of a cutting tool for circular movement of the cutting tool along each section to be chamfered.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Recently, in order to prevent strength reduction due to edge load and notch effect at the tooth root, gear chamfers are required to be chamfered smoothly and uniformly from the tooth tip to the tooth bottom.

A conventional chamfer is shown in FIG. 8, and a recently required chamfer is shown in FIG.

Each chamfer 24 between the tooth tip 23 and the tooth bottom 25
shows. As shown in the figure, in the conventional chamfering shown in Fig. 8, the tooth bottom 25 is not chamfered, but the required chamfering can be performed up to the tooth bottom 25 as shown in Fig. 7. is necessary. Although FIGS. 8 and 7 show examples of cylindrical gears, the same requirements apply to bevel gears.

In addition, in the prior art, for chamfering, a dedicated cutting tool similar to that is required, and for machining other workpieces with different gear specifications, for example, the change gear 40 shown in FIG. This requires a lot of machine setup time, such as requiring replacement, and furthermore, the cutting tool interferes with the tooth surface of the workbead, making it impossible to chamfer near the bottom of the tooth. Also, it is very difficult to correct the amount of chamfering.

Further, since the shape of the chamfer is determined by the cutting tool, when changing the shape of the chamfer, the shape of the cutting edge of the cutting tool must be changed each time.

Furthermore, when processing many types of work beads, it is necessary to select change gears and cutting tools suitable for each work bead and replace them each time, as described above.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention has developed a general-purpose product that can chamfer the tooth bottom and easily chamfer the tooth profile of various gears with different gear specifications using a short patent application. The purpose is to obtain chamfering machines and cutting tools.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a chamfering machine for chamfering the tooth end of a gear, which has a plurality of blades at the tip and prevents interference with the tooth surface by rotating the whole. First, a cutting tool that enters the tooth groove of the gear and chamfers it.
A cutting tool shaft head having a driving means to hold and rotate the cutting tool, and a drive for rotating and fixing the central axis of the cutting tool held by the cutting tool shaft head at an arbitrary angle with respect to the central axis of the workpiece. a driving means for moving the cutting tool left and right, up and down, and back and forth with respect to the workpiece; and a control means for synchronizing the rotation of the workpiece and the left and right, up and down, and front and back feed of the cutting tool. To provide a universal gear chamfering machine characterized by comprising:

[For production]

After attaching the workpiece to the chamfering machine and positioning the clamp, the swivel table is driven by the motor, and the cutter of the cutting tool housed in the shaft head of the cutting tool supported by the swivel table is placed on the tooth end of the gear of the workpiece. The cutter is moved to a predetermined work start position and set, and then the predetermined motor is operated to synchronize the cutter's left-right, up-down, back-and-forth movements with the rotation of the workpiece while moving the cutter to the workpiece. Move the cutter along the edge of the tooth profile to cut one tooth, then return the cutter, and as the workbead rotates, send the cutter to the next tooth to cut, and repeat this process to chamfer the gear. finish.

[Embodiment] In the present invention, a cutting tool having an annular milling power vine and a workpiece are driven by a control means while being moved in synchronization with a motor, and a gear is chamfered.

First, the principle of the present invention will be explained using an example of a bevel gear. FIG. 3 shows a portion of the bevel gear of the workpiece 15, and the thick line portion 24 indicates the portion that requires chamfering. Also, cutter 1 is drawn with a dotted line.

Now let E be the rotation start position of the cutter 1 at the start position of the chamfering of the workpiece 15, and F be the end position. When chamfering, the center of rotation of cutter 1 moves from E to F, and at the same time its axial direction also moves relative to the workpiece, and if these two movements are taken to follow the tooth profile, then the cutter 1 moves along the tooth profile. Can be chamfered. Actually, at this time, the work bead 15 is not in a stationary state as shown, but rotates in synchronization with the movement of the cutter, and the movements of the two are combined to perform cutting and create the chamfered portion 24.

An embodiment of a gear chamfering machine according to the present invention which performs chamfering based on the above principle is shown in FIG.

FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of the gear chamfering machine. In the gear chamfering machine 20, a cutting tool 21 to which a cutter 1 is attached is rotatably attached to a blade shaft head 2, and a blade shaft motor 3
Driven by. The cutter shaft head 2 is attached to a swivel base 14, and can be swiveled around A--A in the figure as a swivel axis and fixed at any position by means of a worm 5 and a worm wheel 4 driven by a motor 6. Further, the blade shaft head 2 is moved by the ball screws 7, 8, and 7 as the swivel table 14 moves.゜9 and motor (AC servo motor> 10. 11. 1
2, it can move in the left and right (2-2 in the figure), up and down (Y-Y in the figure), and front and back (X-X in the figure) directions, respectively.

13 is a balance weight to facilitate this movement. The workpiece 15 is fixed to the spindle of the gear chamfering machine by a chuck cylinder 19, and a motor 18
Worm 17 and worm wheel 16 driven by
As a result, it rotates about B-B in the figure as a rotation axis. Among these, any one or two of the motor 10 for moving the cutting tool 21 in the left and right, Z-Z directions, and the motor 11 for moving in the up and down and Y-Y directions are controlled by the motor 18 that rotates the workpiece 15. The synchronous movement can be performed by a means such as an NC controller, which enables accurate movement of the cutter and workpiece along the chamfer 24 during chamfering.

FIG. 2 shows a partially enlarged view of the cutting tool 210.

(a) shows a cutting tool 21 in which cutters 1 are arranged in a ring shape.
(b) is a side view, and 1 shows the cutter (two stages in this figure).

With the above configuration, when the cutter 1 is rotated by the cutter shaft motor 3 and the cutter shaft head 2 is sent in the left and right (2-2) direction by the motor 10 together with the swivel base 14, the locus of the cutting edge of the cutter 1 is annular. As the cutters arranged in the cylindrical shape move forward while rotating, they form a cylindrical shape and the teeth to be chamfered. It can be made the same as the tooth profile curve of a car. When the work bead 15 is rotated so that the chamfered part touches the inside of the cylinder drawn by the cutting edge of this cutter as shown in Fig. 3, the intersection of the chamfered part and the cutter (the thick lined chamfered part in Fig. 3) will be Beveled and beveled.

Figure 4 shows the state of the workpiece and cutter depending on the progress of machining when the cutter performs chamfering along one tooth profile, (a) is the start of machining, (b) is during machining, and (C) indicates that machining has reached the bottom of the tooth.

In this way, machining of the end face of one tooth profile is completed.

Figures 5 and 6 show the chamfering procedure when this operation is continuously performed on bevel gears.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the large end side of the bevel gear of the workpiece 15 is chamfered, and (a) shows the cutting tool 21 set in the position before approaching the large end side of the workpiece 15 and starting machining. (b) shows cutter 1 during processing.
The blade tip of cutter 1, which was initially set at position S, moves in the direction of ■→■→■→■→■→■→■, finishes chamfering one tooth, and then chamfers the next tooth as indicated by the arrow. It moves like this to machine each tooth and then moves like ■→■→■ to chamfer each tooth. After chamfering one side of the tooth, chamfer the opposite side to finish machining the large end. Next, the small end is processed as shown in FIG. (a) shows the state before the cutting tool 21 approaches the workpiece 15 and starts machining, and (b) shows the trajectory of the cutting edge of the cutter 1 during the machining,
Processing is completed in the order of ■→■→@→0→O→0-@)→■→@→S.

Regarding the chamfering work performed as described above, an example of the work procedure regarding the gear chamfering machine will be explained as follows.

■ Attach the work bead 1 to the chamfering board 20.

■ Position and clamp using the chuck cylinder 19.

■ Regarding the blade shaft head, use the motor 10 to move left and right (Z-Z),
The motor 11 moves up and down (Y-Y), and the motor 12 moves back and forth (X-Y).
X) direction, the motor 6 rotates the workpiece around the A-A axis, and the motor 18 rotates the workpiece around the B-B axis to change the position of the cutting edge of the cutter 1 to the large end of the bevel gear of the workpiece 15 the set position (for example, FIG. 5(a)).

■ Motor 18 and motor 10 or in addition motor 1
1 and move the cutter 1 along the edge of the tooth profile to cut one tooth (see FIG. 5(b)).

- Return the cutter, index the position for the next tooth profile, and repeat the above operation for the number of teeth to chamfer one side. Next, by changing the position and inclination of the blade shaft head 2 and performing the same process, the opposite surface will be chamfered.

■ After completing the large end, move the small end position (Fig. 6) and repeat the same operation to complete all chamfering.

■ Remove the clamp.

■ Remove workpiece 1.

Chamfering is performed by the above procedure, and the depth (amount) of this chamfering can also be arbitrarily determined by adjusting the feed depth of the cutter 1. Therefore, the tool (
The amount of chamfering due to wear of the cutter can also be easily corrected.

The above explanation is about bevel gears, but if you use this gear chamfering machine, you can also process cylindrical gears, subrockets, splines, etc. with involute tooth profiles, as well as ridgeline parts of tooth profiles that require chamfering, not just involute tooth profiles. By knowing the three-dimensional coordinates of , it is possible to synchronize the movements of each motor so that the cutter moves along the ridgeline of the tooth profile of the workpiece, as described above. Therefore, by setting a program for the control means for this, Under computer control, chamfering of various tooth profiles can be easily performed using a single chamfering machine.

As a result of the above, when chamfering many types of workpieces as in the conventional example described above, it is possible to significantly save time for changing workpieces, such as replacing the change gear of a gear chamfering machine.

In addition, the milling force cover to be used also allows the use of a general-purpose milling cutter rather than a dedicated one within a certain range of tooth profile sizes, and the setting range of the shape and size of chamfering that can be done with one type of cutter. It also becomes wider.

〔Effect of the invention〕

By implementing the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Regardless of the type of gear, by knowing the three-dimensional coordinates of the ridgeline of the tooth that requires chamfering of the tooth end of the gear, it is easy to program the chamfering process, and the shape of the chamfer The size can be set arbitrarily by a program, making it possible to chamfer many types of gears with one type of chamfering machine.

(2) Chamfering of the tooth bottom can be easily performed, improving the quality of the product.

3) A general-purpose milling force can be used within the specified size range. Therefore, by appropriately selecting a milling cutter, it is possible to process gears of different sizes (modules) within a certain range with one type of cutter.

(4) The amount of chamfering due to tool wear can be easily corrected.

(5) According to items (1) and (2) above, the time required for setup change when machining various types of work beads is significantly reduced, and machining accuracy is improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the overall structure of a gear chamfering machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a cutting tool of the chamfering machine, in which (a) is a front view thereof, and (b) is its front view. Side view,
Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of processing according to the present invention;
The figures show the relative positions of the workpiece and the cutter according to the progress of the machining, where (a) is the beginning of machining, (b) is during machining, and (C
) shows the state in which the machining has reached the bottom of the tooth, and Figure 5 shows the movement of the cutter relative to the workpiece when chamfering the large end of the bevel gear of the workpiece. (a) is a side view, and (b) is the cutter. Figure 6 shows the movement of the cutter relative to the workpiece when chamfering the small end of the bevel gear of the workpiece, (a) is a side view, and (b) shows the locus of the cutter. 7 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a chamfered portion of a gear according to the present invention, FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a chamfered portion of a gear according to the prior art, and FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a chamfered portion of a gear according to the prior art. The perspective view, FIG. 10, shows an enlarged explanatory view of section C in FIG. 9. 1...Cutter, 2...Cutter shaft head, 6.
10, 11, 12. 18...Motor, 14...
- Swivel table, 15... Workpiece, 19... Chuck cylinder, 20... Gear chamfering machine, 21... Cutting tool.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A chamfering machine that chamfers the tooth end of a gear. It has multiple blades at the tip, and by rotating the whole, it enters the tooth slot of the gear without interfering with the tooth surface and chamfers the cutting tool. a cutting tool shaft head having a drive means to hold and rotate the cutting tool, and a central axis of the cutting tool held by the cutting tool shaft head being rotated and fixed at an arbitrary angle with respect to the central axis of the workpiece. drive means for moving the cutting tool left and right, up and down, and back and forth with respect to the workpiece, and control that synchronizes the rotation of the workpiece and the left and right, up and down, and front and back feed of the cutting tool. A universal gear chamfering machine characterized by comprising means.