JPH02269946A - Corrosion detection sensor for steel material in concrete structure and steel structure - Google Patents

Corrosion detection sensor for steel material in concrete structure and steel structure

Info

Publication number
JPH02269946A
JPH02269946A JP9229089A JP9229089A JPH02269946A JP H02269946 A JPH02269946 A JP H02269946A JP 9229089 A JP9229089 A JP 9229089A JP 9229089 A JP9229089 A JP 9229089A JP H02269946 A JPH02269946 A JP H02269946A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrolyte solution
reference electrode
steel
detection sensor
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP9229089A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0743335B2 (en
Inventor
Noriyasu Mochizuki
紀保 望月
Tetsuya Yamada
哲也 山田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NAKAGAWA BOSHOKU KOGYO KK
Nakagawa Corrosion Protecting Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NAKAGAWA BOSHOKU KOGYO KK
Nakagawa Corrosion Protecting Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NAKAGAWA BOSHOKU KOGYO KK, Nakagawa Corrosion Protecting Co Ltd filed Critical NAKAGAWA BOSHOKU KOGYO KK
Priority to JP1092290A priority Critical patent/JPH0743335B2/en
Publication of JPH02269946A publication Critical patent/JPH02269946A/en
Publication of JPH0743335B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0743335B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the sensor of simple structure which is easily used and obtains a stable measured value by impregnating a high absorptivity member with the electrolyte solution of an electrolyte solution charged type sensor, and making the solution swell and gel. CONSTITUTION:A reference electrode 3 which is held by a holder 2 provided almost at the center part of a bottomless cylindrical container 1 is provided in the bottomless cylindrical container 1, and a counter electrode 4 made of a platinum wire or platinum-plated titanium wire is provided at the tip side of the holder 2. On the tip side in the container 1 about the holder 2, the electrolyte solution 5 is charged by impregnation, swelling, and gelling in the high absorptivity member 6. Further, a plug 7 made of a properly holed porous material is fitted to the tip of the container 1 so that the gelling electrolyte solution 5 can come into direct electric contact with the outside. Consequently, when the sensor is used faceup or laterally, the formation of a gap at the tip part of the reference electrode 3 is eliminated.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は鋼構造物あるいはコンクリート構造物の耐久性
を電気化学的特性値を利用して非破懐的に評価するため
のセンサーに関し、詳しくは鋼構造物の鋼材およびコン
クリート中の鋼材の腐食状況を測定するための検知セン
サーに係る。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a sensor for non-destructively evaluating the durability of steel structures or concrete structures using electrochemical characteristic values. relates to a detection sensor for measuring the corrosion status of steel materials in steel structures and steel materials in concrete.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

鉄筋コンクリート構造物の耐久性を評価する一つの方法
として、コンクリート中の鋼材の腐食状況から推定する
ことが行われている。
One method of evaluating the durability of reinforced concrete structures is to estimate it from the corrosion status of steel in the concrete.

従来、コンクリート構造物中の鋼材の腐食状況について
は、コンクリート表面上に設置されるか、あるいは予め
コンクリート中に埋め込まれた照合電極と鋼材との電位
差、すなわち、鋼材の自然電位を非破壊的に調査するこ
とにより行われていたが、最近、これに加えて分極抵抗
およびコンクリートの抵抗を測定し、これら3つのパラ
メータを総合的に判断することによって腐食状況がより
正確に把握されるようになってきた。さらに、鋼構造物
の腐食状況を評価するには同様に照合電極と鋼材との分
極抵抗等を測定することにより判断される。
Conventionally, the corrosion status of steel in concrete structures has been measured non-destructively by measuring the potential difference between the steel and a reference electrode installed on the concrete surface or embedded in the concrete, that is, the natural potential of the steel. Previously, this was done by conducting a survey, but recently it has become possible to more accurately understand the corrosion situation by measuring polarization resistance and concrete resistance in addition to this, and comprehensively judging these three parameters. It's here. Furthermore, the corrosion state of a steel structure can be evaluated by similarly measuring the polarization resistance between the reference electrode and the steel material.

これに使用されるセンサーは無底円筒容器の底部に設け
た多孔質材料を有する先端蓋と、この容器内に満たされ
た電解質溶液と、この電解質溶液中に浸漬された照合電
極および対極とを備えて構成されるものであり、具体的
には特開昭59−217147号公報、あるいはこれを
改良した特開昭62−259052号公報が提案されて
いる。
The sensor used for this purpose consists of a tip lid with a porous material provided at the bottom of a bottomless cylindrical container, an electrolyte solution filled in this container, and a reference electrode and a counter electrode immersed in this electrolyte solution. Specifically, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-217147 or an improved version of this, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-259052, has been proposed.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

上述した従来のセンサーは電解質溶液充填型のものであ
り、このような従来センサーの先端を上向きの状態で用
いる場合、先端部に空隙を生じ安定した測定ができない
ことから、前記公報発明においてはセンサーの無底円筒
容器の」二蓋に給液兼空気抜き管を設け、これによりセ
ンサーを上向きで使用する場合の先端部空隙を防止して
いた。しかしながら、このような給液兼空気抜き管を設
けざるを得ない構造のものは構造自体が複雑になるのみ
でなく、付帯設備が大掛かりになり、設備費が高くなり
、しかも現場での作業性に劣るという問題点を有するも
のであった6 本発明は、従来のものがもつ上記のような問題点を解消
し、構造が簡単で、簡便に使用でき、かつ従来と同様に
センサーを上向きに用いても先端部に空隙が生じず、安
定した測定値が得られる電解質溶液充填型のセンサーを
提供することを目的とするものである。
The above-mentioned conventional sensor is an electrolyte solution-filled type, and when such a conventional sensor is used with the tip facing upward, a gap is created at the tip, making stable measurement impossible. A liquid supply and air vent tube was provided on the two lids of the bottomless cylindrical container, thereby preventing a gap at the tip when the sensor was used facing upward. However, such a structure that requires the provision of a liquid supply and air vent pipe not only complicates the structure itself, but also requires large-scale auxiliary equipment, resulting in high equipment costs, and also reduces workability on site. 6 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the conventional device, has a simple structure, is easy to use, and allows the sensor to be used facing upward in the same way as in the past. The object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte solution-filled sensor that can obtain stable measured values without forming a void at the tip even when the sensor is used.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本発明は電解質溶液充填型のセンサーにおける電解質溶
液を高吸収性部材に含浸、膨潤させてゲル化させること
により前記課題を達成したものである。
The present invention has achieved the above-mentioned problems by impregnating a superabsorbent member with an electrolyte solution in an electrolyte solution-filled sensor, causing the superabsorbent member to swell and gel.

C作  用〕 このように1本発明では電解質溶液を高吸収性部材に含
浸させているため、電解質溶液は高吸収性部材にしっか
りと保水され、センサーを上向きあるいは横向きに使用
しても先端部に空隙が生ずることがなくなる。
C Effect] As described above, in the present invention, the highly absorbent member is impregnated with the electrolyte solution, so that the electrolyte solution is firmly retained in the highly absorbent member, and even when the sensor is used facing upward or sideways, the tip of the sensor remains unchanged. This eliminates the formation of voids.

さらに、同様にして、照合電極として電解質溶液充填型
のものを使用する場合、この照合電極内の電解質溶液を
高吸収性部材に含浸、膨潤させてゲル化さぜることによ
り、センサーを」二向きあるいは横向きに使用する場合
の照合電極先端部での空隙が生ずることがなくなる。
Furthermore, in the same way, when using an electrolyte solution-filled type as a reference electrode, the electrolyte solution in the reference electrode is impregnated into a highly absorbent material, swelled, and gelled to form a sensor. This eliminates the formation of a gap at the tip of the reference electrode when the reference electrode is used vertically or horizontally.

以下に、本発明に係るセンサーの実施例を添付図面を参
照して説明する。
Embodiments of the sensor according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

第1図において、無底円筒容器1内には、その略中央部
に設けたホルダー2により保持された照合電極3が設け
られ、このホルダー2より先端側には白金線あるいは白
金めっきチタン線からなる対極4が設けられている。そ
して、これら容器内のホルダー2より先端側には電解質
溶液5が高吸収性部材6に含浸、膨潤されてゲル化され
、充填されている。また、容器先端にはゲル化した電解
質溶液5が外部と直接電気的接触を保たせるために適当
な孔が明けられた物質、あるいは木栓、吸水スポンジ、
ガラスフィルター、素焼板等の多孔質材料からなる栓7
が先端蓋8により取付けられている。この多孔質材料の
栓を使用して測定する場合には外部より電解質溶液でし
ぬらせて用いるようにする。照合電極3および対極4は
容器1の後端に被冠されたコネクタキャップ9に取付け
られたコネクタ10に接続され、ホルダー2より後端側
でコネクタキャップ9までの空間部にはシリコン樹脂、
エポキシ樹脂等の充填材11が充填されている。
In FIG. 1, a reference electrode 3 is provided inside a bottomless cylindrical container 1 and held by a holder 2 provided approximately in the center thereof, and a platinum wire or platinum-plated titanium wire is connected to the tip side of the holder 2. A counter electrode 4 is provided. Further, an electrolyte solution 5 is impregnated into a superabsorbent member 6, swollen and gelled, and filled on the tip side of the holder 2 in these containers. In addition, the tip of the container may be made of a material with suitable holes in order to allow the gelled electrolyte solution 5 to maintain direct electrical contact with the outside, or a wooden plug, water-absorbing sponge, etc.
Plug 7 made of a porous material such as a glass filter or an unglazed plate
is attached by a tip lid 8. When using this porous material stopper for measurement, it should be wetted with an electrolyte solution from the outside. The reference electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 are connected to a connector 10 attached to a connector cap 9 mounted on the rear end of the container 1, and the space from the holder 2 to the connector cap 9 on the rear end side is filled with silicone resin,
A filler 11 such as epoxy resin is filled.

なお、第1図中、12は空気抜き孔である。In addition, in FIG. 1, 12 is an air vent hole.

本発明においては、飽和甘木電極、海水甘木電極、飽和
塩化銀電極、海水塩化銀電極等の電解質溶液充填型の照
合電極と、亜鉛、モリブデン、タングステン等の金属を
用いた固体照合電極とのいずれの照合電極をも使用でき
る。このうち、電解質溶液充填型の照合電極を用いる場
合には、これを組み込んだセンサーで説明したと同様、
センサーを上向きあるいは横向きに使用する場合の照合
電極先端部の電解質溶液の空隙部をなくし、安定した電
位測定を可能とするため、この照合電極内の電解質溶液
も高吸収性部材に含浸、膨潤させてゲル化するようにす
る。
In the present invention, both electrolyte solution-filled reference electrodes such as saturated Amagi electrodes, seawater Amagi electrodes, saturated silver chloride electrodes, and seawater silver chloride electrodes, and solid reference electrodes using metals such as zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten, are used. Reference electrodes can also be used. Among these, when using an electrolyte solution-filled reference electrode, as explained for the sensor incorporating this,
In order to eliminate the void of electrolyte solution at the tip of the reference electrode when the sensor is used facing upward or sideways and to enable stable potential measurement, the electrolyte solution inside this reference electrode is also impregnated with a highly absorbent material and swelled. Allow to gel.

なおこの場合、センサーの場合と同様に空気抜き孔を設
ける。
Note that in this case, an air vent hole is provided as in the case of the sensor.

本発明で使用される高吸収性部材としては、ポリアクリ
ル酸塩、ビニルアルコール/アクリル酸塩共重合体、イ
ソブチレン/無水マレイン酸共重合体、澱粉・アクリル
酸グラフト共重合体塩、ポリエチレンオキサイド変性物
等のいわゆる高吸水性ポリマーが好ましく、これらの粉
末にパルプ、シリカゲル等の適当な吸水性物質を混合し
て粘度を調節した混合物も使用できる。
Highly absorbent materials used in the present invention include polyacrylates, vinyl alcohol/acrylate copolymers, isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymers, starch/acrylic acid graft copolymer salts, and modified polyethylene oxide. So-called super-absorbent polymers such as silica are preferred, and mixtures prepared by mixing these powders with appropriate water-absorbing substances such as pulp and silica gel to adjust the viscosity can also be used.

これら高吸収性部材に電解質溶液を含浸、充填させるに
は容器1内にこの高吸収性部材を少量入れ、電解質溶液
を少量注ぐ操作を繰り返すことにより、高吸収性部材を
均質に膨潤させるようにする。
In order to impregnate and fill these highly absorbent materials with an electrolyte solution, a small amount of this highly absorbent material is placed in the container 1, and by repeating the operation of pouring a small amount of electrolyte solution, the highly absorbent materials are uniformly swollen. do.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、センサーの電解
質溶液あるいはさらにこれに照合電極内の電解質溶液が
高吸収性部材に含浸、膨潤されてゲル化しているため、
全姿勢での測定が安定して行え、しかも構造が極めて簡
単で、現場での使用に最適である。さらに、高吸収性部
材はパルプやスポンジの場合のような毛細管現象による
物理的な吸水と異なり、−旦吸水、膨潤したゲルは離水
がほとんどないので、電解質溶液を長期に亘って補充す
る必要がないという効果を有する。
As explained above, according to the present invention, the electrolyte solution of the sensor or the electrolyte solution in the reference electrode is impregnated into the superabsorbent member and swelled to gel.
Measurements can be performed stably in all positions, and the structure is extremely simple, making it ideal for on-site use. Furthermore, unlike pulp and sponges, which physically absorb water through capillary action, highly absorbent materials absorb water and swell with almost no syneresis, so they do not need to be replenished with electrolyte solution over a long period of time. It has the effect that there is no

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1白は本発明に係る検知センサーの実施例を示す部分
断面説明図である。 1・・・容器       2・・・ホルダー3・・・
照合電極     4・・・対極5・・・電解質溶液 
   6・・高吸収性部材7・・・栓        
8・・・先端蓋9・・・コネクタキャップ 10・・・
コネクタ11・・・充填材      12・・・空気
抜き孔鳶10
The first white is a partial cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the detection sensor according to the present invention. 1... Container 2... Holder 3...
Reference electrode 4... Counter electrode 5... Electrolyte solution
6. Highly absorbent member 7... Plug
8...Tip lid 9...Connector cap 10...
Connector 11...Filling material 12...Air vent hole 10

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、無底円筒容器の底部に設けた先端蓋と、この容器内
に満たされた電解質溶液と、この電解質溶液中に浸漬さ
れた照合電極および対極とを用いて、鋼構造物に接続し
た端子と前記照合電極および対極とで少なくとも分極抵
抗を測定し、鋼構造物の腐食を検知する可搬式センサー
において、前記電解質溶液が高吸収性部材に含浸された
ことを特徴とする鋼構造物用腐食検知センサー。 2、無底円筒容器の底部に設けた先端蓋と、この容器内
に満たされた電解質溶液と、この電解質溶液中に浸漬さ
れた照合電極および対極とを備え、その先端蓋をコンク
リート面に密着することにより、コンリート内の鋼材に
接続した端子と前記照合電極および対極とで自然電位、
分極抵抗およびコンクリート抵抗を測定し、コンクリー
ト構造物中の鋼材腐食を検知する可搬式センサーにおい
て、前記電解質溶液が高吸収性部材に含浸されたことを
特徴とするコンクリート鋼構造物中の鋼材用腐食検知セ
ンサー。 3、照合電極が電解質溶液充填型のものであり、この照
合電極内の電解質溶液が高吸収性部材に含浸されたもの
である請求項1または2記載の腐食検知センサー。 4、高吸収性部材が高吸水性ポリマーである請求項1〜
3のいずれかに記載の腐食検知センサー。 5、高吸収性部材が高吸水性ポリマーと吸水性物質との
混合物からなる請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の腐食検
知センサー。
[Claims] 1. Using a tip lid provided at the bottom of a bottomless cylindrical container, an electrolyte solution filled in this container, and a reference electrode and a counter electrode immersed in this electrolyte solution, A portable sensor for detecting corrosion of a steel structure by measuring at least polarization resistance between a terminal connected to a structure and the reference electrode and counter electrode, characterized in that a highly absorbent member is impregnated with the electrolyte solution. Corrosion detection sensor for steel structures. 2.Equipped with a tip lid provided at the bottom of a bottomless cylindrical container, an electrolyte solution filled in this container, a reference electrode and a counter electrode immersed in this electrolyte solution, and the tip lid is tightly attached to the concrete surface. By doing so, the natural potential between the terminal connected to the steel material in the concrete and the reference electrode and counter electrode,
A portable sensor for measuring polarization resistance and concrete resistance to detect steel corrosion in concrete structures, characterized in that the electrolyte solution is impregnated into a highly absorbent member. Detection sensor. 3. The corrosion detection sensor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference electrode is of an electrolyte solution filled type, and the electrolyte solution in the reference electrode is impregnated with a highly absorbent member. 4. Claims 1 to 4, wherein the superabsorbent member is a superabsorbent polymer.
3. The corrosion detection sensor according to any one of 3. 5. The corrosion detection sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the superabsorbent member is made of a mixture of a superabsorbent polymer and a water absorbent substance.
JP1092290A 1989-04-12 1989-04-12 Corrosion detection sensor for steel structures and steel in concrete structures Expired - Lifetime JPH0743335B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1092290A JPH0743335B2 (en) 1989-04-12 1989-04-12 Corrosion detection sensor for steel structures and steel in concrete structures

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1092290A JPH0743335B2 (en) 1989-04-12 1989-04-12 Corrosion detection sensor for steel structures and steel in concrete structures

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH02269946A true JPH02269946A (en) 1990-11-05
JPH0743335B2 JPH0743335B2 (en) 1995-05-15

Family

ID=14050281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1092290A Expired - Lifetime JPH0743335B2 (en) 1989-04-12 1989-04-12 Corrosion detection sensor for steel structures and steel in concrete structures

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0743335B2 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102401781A (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-04-04 中交第四航务工程局有限公司 Reference electrode for reinforced concrete and manufacturing method of reference electrode
JP2013185872A (en) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-19 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Electrochemical measuring probe and coating film evaluation method
KR20200062956A (en) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-04 한국기계연구원 An Electrolyte and A Corrosion Sensor comprising of the same
JP6835279B1 (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-02-24 マツダ株式会社 Electrode device, corrosion resistance test method for coated metal material, and corrosion resistance test device
US20210396649A1 (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-12-23 Mazda Motor Corporation Measurement method and measurement device, and corrosion resistance test method and corrosion resistance test apparatus for coated metal material

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01296156A (en) * 1988-05-24 1989-11-29 Nippon Steel Corp Electrochemical measuring sensor and diagnosing method of corrosion resisting function of coating film

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01296156A (en) * 1988-05-24 1989-11-29 Nippon Steel Corp Electrochemical measuring sensor and diagnosing method of corrosion resisting function of coating film

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102401781A (en) * 2011-09-28 2012-04-04 中交第四航务工程局有限公司 Reference electrode for reinforced concrete and manufacturing method of reference electrode
JP2013185872A (en) * 2012-03-06 2013-09-19 Kansai Paint Co Ltd Electrochemical measuring probe and coating film evaluation method
KR20200062956A (en) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-04 한국기계연구원 An Electrolyte and A Corrosion Sensor comprising of the same
JP6835279B1 (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-02-24 マツダ株式会社 Electrode device, corrosion resistance test method for coated metal material, and corrosion resistance test device
US20210396649A1 (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-12-23 Mazda Motor Corporation Measurement method and measurement device, and corrosion resistance test method and corrosion resistance test apparatus for coated metal material
US20210396650A1 (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-12-23 Mazda Motor Corporation Electrode portion device, and corrosion resistance test method and corrosion resistance test apparatus for coated metal material
JP2022001855A (en) * 2020-06-22 2022-01-06 マツダ株式会社 Electrode part device, and corrosion resistance test device and corrosion resistance test method of coated metal material
CN113899678A (en) * 2020-06-22 2022-01-07 马自达汽车株式会社 Electrode unit, method and apparatus for testing corrosion resistance of metal-clad material
EP3929562A3 (en) * 2020-06-22 2022-03-16 Mazda Motor Corporation Electrode portion device, and corrosion resistance test method and corrosion resistance test apparatus for coated metal material
CN113899678B (en) * 2020-06-22 2024-04-16 马自达汽车株式会社 Electrode unit device, method for testing corrosion resistance of coated metal material, and device therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0743335B2 (en) 1995-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Mullet et al. Surface electrochemical properties of mixed oxide ceramic membranes: Zeta-potential and surface charge density
US8833146B2 (en) Corrosion sensor
JP4520999B2 (en) Polymer electrolytes, half-cells for electrochemical measurements, and their use
US4962360A (en) Sensor for electrochemical measurement and method for diagnosing corrosion protective properties of metal surface coating by using the sensor
JPH0449910B2 (en)
CN102565157B (en) Electrochemical half cell, electrochemical sensor and method for measuring at least one measured variable of a measured medium with an electrochemical sensor
US5376254A (en) Potentiometric electrochemical device for qualitative and quantitative analysis
KR20090053809A (en) Method and sensor for determining the passivating properties of a mixture containing at least two components, which are cement and water
CN106796193B (en) Reference electrode device for electrochemical sensor and electrochemical sensor
JPH02269946A (en) Corrosion detection sensor for steel material in concrete structure and steel structure
US4366038A (en) Method of casting in place an ion-sensitive membrane and ion-sensitive electrode using said membrane
US7459067B2 (en) Semi-permanent reference electrode
US6361670B1 (en) Device for coulometric determination of water by the Karl Fischer method
US4981567A (en) Lithium-salt reference half-cell for potentiometric determinations
CA1208287A (en) High speed oxygen sensor for molten metals
CA2128888A1 (en) Reference electrodes
Karbarz et al. One Dimensional Volume‐Phase Transition of N‐Isopropylacrylamide Gels on the Surface of Gold Electrodes
EP1084398A1 (en) Reference electrode
JPH02268266A (en) Reference electrode
Arup et al. Junction potentials at a concrete/electrolyte interface
RU224487U1 (en) Potential measuring unit
JP3650919B2 (en) Electrochemical sensor
CN215066023U (en) Be applied to underwater environment water permeability testing arrangement of C30 concrete
Caja et al. Characteristics of thin-layer cells with Nafion separators
JP3633077B2 (en) pH sensor and ion water generator

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090515

Year of fee payment: 14

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term