JPH02263723A - Production of calcined refractory for producing glass - Google Patents
Production of calcined refractory for producing glassInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02263723A JPH02263723A JP8639989A JP8639989A JPH02263723A JP H02263723 A JPH02263723 A JP H02263723A JP 8639989 A JP8639989 A JP 8639989A JP 8639989 A JP8639989 A JP 8639989A JP H02263723 A JPH02263723 A JP H02263723A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- fired
- glass
- calcined
- refractories
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 Specifically Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium triethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Al](OCC)OCC JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxyalumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B17/00—Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
- C03B17/04—Forming tubes or rods by drawing from stationary or rotating tools or from forming nozzles
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明はガラス製造用焼成耐火物の製造方法に関し、特
にガラス管製造用スリーブとして好適な焼成耐火物の製
造方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for producing a fired refractory for glass production, and particularly to a method for producing a fired refractory suitable as a sleeve for glass tube production.
［従来の技術］
−ｍにガラス管を製造する場合、溶融ガラスをＩ・ラフ
あるいはオリフィスから回転する円筒形のスリーブの上
端部に供給し、ガラスをスリーブの下端部から引き出し
ながらスリーブの心棒の中を通して適当な圧力の空気を
送ることによって管状に成形する方法が採られる。この
スリーブは常時８００〜１３００℃の高温に晒されるた
め、耐熱性に優れたシリカ−アルミナ系耐火物、シリカ
−アルミナ−ジルコニア系耐火物あるいはクロム系耐火
物等の焼成耐火物から作られるが、このような焼成耐火
物でも長時間ガラスと接触すると徐々に浸食されて外形
変化が生じ、ガラス管の寸法精度が悪くなるので定期的
に取り換える必要がある。[Prior art] - When manufacturing a glass tube, molten glass is supplied from an I-ruff or orifice to the upper end of a rotating cylindrical sleeve, and while the glass is drawn out from the lower end of the sleeve, the molten glass is A method is used to form the tube into a tubular shape by sending air at an appropriate pressure through the tube. Since this sleeve is constantly exposed to high temperatures of 800 to 1300°C, it is made from fired refractories such as silica-alumina refractories, silica-alumina-zirconia refractories, or chromium refractories, which have excellent heat resistance. Even when such fired refractories come into contact with glass for a long period of time, they gradually erode and change their external shape, which impairs the dimensional accuracy of the glass tube, so they must be replaced periodically.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
スリーブの使用期間は、スリーブの材質、ガラス組成及
び雰囲気温度等によって異なるが、浸食が激しい場合は
、スリーブの取り換えが頻繁に行われることになり、そ
の度にガラス管の製造が中断される。従って生産性を上
げるためにスリーブの浸食を極力抑え、使用期間を長く
することが重要課・題の一つである。[Problem to be solved by the invention] The usage period of the sleeve varies depending on the material of the sleeve, the glass composition, the ambient temperature, etc., but if the erosion is severe, the sleeve will have to be replaced frequently, and the sleeve will need to be replaced frequently. Production of glass tubes was suspended. Therefore, in order to increase productivity, one of the important issues is to suppress the erosion of the sleeve as much as possible and extend its usage period.
また通常スリーブとして用いられる焼成耐火物は、１０
〜２５％の高い気孔率を有しており、浸食によって焼成
耐火物の気孔内に存在する泡がガラス中に巻き込まれて
不良品の原因となりやすいため、従来より焼成耐火物の
気孔率や気孔径を小さくすることによって泡の発生を少
なくし歩留りを向上することが望まれていた。Furthermore, the fired refractories normally used as sleeves are 10
It has a high porosity of ~25%, and the bubbles that exist in the pores of fired refractories due to erosion tend to get caught up in the glass and cause defective products. It has been desired to reduce the generation of bubbles and improve the yield by reducing the pore diameter.
本発明はガ・ラスによる浸食作用が小さいため従来の焼
成耐火物に比べて使用期間が長くなり、且つ泡の発生も
少ないガラス製造用焼成耐火物の製造方法を提供するこ
とを目的とするものである。It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing fired refractories for glass production, which has a longer service life than conventional fired refractories and generates fewer bubbles due to less corrosive action by glass. It is.
［問題点を解決するための手段］
本発明のガラス製造用焼成耐火物の製造方法は、耐火物
の気孔内に金属のアルコキシドを含む溶液を含浸させた
後、焼成することによって該気孔内にガラス質および、
／又は結晶質を形成させることを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] The method for producing a fired refractory for glass production according to the present invention involves impregnating the pores of the refractory with a solution containing a metal alkoxide, and then firing it. vitreous and
/or characterized by forming a crystalline substance.
本発明で使用する焼成耐火物としては、先記したシリカ
−アルミナ系焼成耐火物、シリカ−アルミナ−ジルコニ
ア系焼成耐火物、クロム系焼成耐火物等スリーブに用い
られる焼成耐火物であればいずれも適用可能であり、こ
れらの焼成耐火物の気孔率は約ｌθ〜２５％、気孔径は
４０μＩ以下である。The fired refractories used in the present invention include any fired refractories used for sleeves, such as the above-mentioned silica-alumina fired refractories, silica-alumina-zirconia fired refractories, and chromium-based fired refractories. The porosity of these fired refractories is about 1θ to 25%, and the pore diameter is 40 μI or less.
また本発明で用いる金属のアルコキシドを含む溶液は、
水を加えると加水分解とともに重縮合が起こって金属−
酸素−金属の結合を含むアルコキシド高分子またはコロ
イド状重合体が生じてゾルとなり、さらに重合が進むと
ゲルとして固化し、約４００〜１０００℃の熱処理を施
すことによってＡｌ２Ｏ３，５ｉ０２、ＺｒＯ２、Ｎａ
２Ｏ、に２０ 、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ，ＢａＯ１ＳｒＯ、Ｆ
ｅ２Ｏ３、Ｙ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２の１者又は２者以上の酸
化物から構成されるガラス質又は結晶質になるもので、
具体的にはテトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラ
ン、テトラプロポキシシラン、テトラブトキシシラン、
メチルトリエトキシシラン、トリエトキシアルミニウム
、トリプロポキシアルミニウム、トリブトキシアルミニ
ウム、テトラプロポキシジルコニウム、テトラブトキシ
ジルコニウム等の金属のアルコキシドからなる溶液ある
いはこれにＮａＣ１、ＫＣＩ 、ＣａＣｌ２ 、＾１ｃ
１３ 、ＮａＮＯ３等の塩化物や硝酸化物を加えた溶液
が用いられる。Further, the solution containing metal alkoxide used in the present invention is
When water is added, polycondensation occurs along with hydrolysis, resulting in metal-
An alkoxide polymer or colloidal polymer containing an oxygen-metal bond is formed and becomes a sol, and as the polymerization progresses, it solidifies as a gel, and by heat treatment at about 400 to 1000°C, Al2O3,5i02, ZrO2, Na
2O, Ni20, CaO, MgO, BaO1SrO, F
A glassy or crystalline substance composed of one or more oxides of e2O3, Y2O3, and TiO2,
Specifically, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane,
A solution consisting of a metal alkoxide such as methyltriethoxysilane, triethoxyaluminum, tripropoxyaluminum, tributoxyaluminum, tetrapropoxyzirconium, tetrabutoxyzirconium, etc., or a solution containing NaCl, KCI, CaCl2, ^1c
13, a solution containing chloride or nitrate such as NaNO3 is used.
耐火物に金属のアルコキシドを含む溶液を含浸させる方
法としては、刷毛塗り法やスプレーガンによる噴霧塗布
法あるいは耐火物を溶液に浸漬する方法が適当であり、
これらの方法によって溶液を焼成耐火物の表面に塗布す
ると毛管現象によって溶液が気孔内に含浸する。この含
浸の程度であ゛るが、出来るだけ焼成耐火物の中心部付
近の気孔まで含浸させる方が浸食作用を抑える効果が大
であるが、スリーブに適用する場合は１ｃｍ程度含浸さ
せれば十分である。Appropriate methods for impregnating the refractory with a solution containing a metal alkoxide include a brush coating method, a spray coating method using a spray gun, or a method of immersing the refractory in the solution.
When a solution is applied to the surface of a fired refractory using these methods, the solution impregnates into the pores due to capillary action. Regarding the degree of impregnation, it is more effective to suppress the erosion effect if the pores near the center of the fired refractory are impregnated as much as possible, but when applied to a sleeve, impregnation of about 1 cm is sufficient. It is.
先記した耐火物は、焼成前の耐火物あるいは焼成耐火物
のどちらを使用しても良く、すなわち耐火物を成形し、
乾燥させた後に金属のアルコキシドを含む溶液を含浸さ
せても良いし、耐火物を成形した後、−旦乾燥、焼成し
てから該溶液を含浸させても良い。The above-mentioned refractories may be either pre-fired refractories or fired refractories; in other words, the refractories may be shaped,
After drying, the refractory may be impregnated with a solution containing a metal alkoxide, or after the refractory is formed, it may be dried and fired, and then impregnated with the solution.
［実施例］
以下本発明のガラス製造用焼成耐火物の製造方法を実施
例に基づいて説明する。[Example] The method for producing a fired refractory for glass production according to the present invention will be described below based on Examples.
まずシリカ−アルミナ系の耐火物を鋳込み成形した後、
１４００℃の温度で４時間焼成し、６．５ Ｘ１１゜５
ｘ ５０ｃｍの大きさの焼成耐火物を作製しな。この焼
成耐火物の気孔率を測定したところ２５．３％であった
。次にこの焼成耐火物から５ Ｘ ５ Ｘ ２ ｃｍの
耐火物を切り出し、テトラエトキシシラン、ＮａＣｌ、
ＡｌＣｌ３からなるアルコール溶液に浸漬し、１１００
℃の温度で４時間焼成した。こうして作製した焼成耐火
物の断面を顕微鏡で観察したところその表面にはアルミ
ナ−シリカ系の薄いガラス層が形成され、またほとんど
の気孔内に同じ成分系のガラス質が形成されていること
が確認された。またこの焼成耐火物の気孔率を測定した
ところ２０．１％であった。First, after casting and forming a silica-alumina refractory,
Baked at a temperature of 1400℃ for 4 hours, 6.5 x 11゜5
Make a fired refractory with a size of x 50 cm. The porosity of this fired refractory was measured and found to be 25.3%. Next, a 5 x 5 x 2 cm refractory was cut out from this fired refractory and treated with tetraethoxysilane, NaCl,
Immersed in an alcohol solution consisting of AlCl3,
It was baked for 4 hours at a temperature of °C. When we observed the cross-section of the fired refractory produced in this way using a microscope, we confirmed that a thin alumina-silica glass layer was formed on its surface, and that glass of the same composition was formed within most of the pores. It was done. Furthermore, the porosity of this fired refractory was measured and found to be 20.1%.
次に先記した溶液を塗布する前と塗布した後の焼成耐火
物の浸食試験を行った。Next, an erosion test was conducted on the fired refractories before and after applying the solution described above.
先記したシリカ−アルミナ系の耐火物を鋳込み成形した
後、１４００℃の温度で４時間焼成し、１８φ×７０１
の試料を２ヶ作製し、一方に先記した溶液を刷毛を用い
て含浸させ、他方は何も処理しなかった。この２つの試
料をＡＳＴＭ Ｃ−６２１に規定されている方法に基づ
いて、白金るつぼ内のガラス融液（重量％で５ｉ０２
７２４％、Ａ１□０．６．８％、Ｂ２０３１０．３％、
Ｃａ０ ０．８ ％、Ｂａ０ ２．１％、Ｎａ２Ｏ６
，４％、Ｋ２Ｏ１，３％）中に各々一部浸漬し、１３５
０℃７２時間の粂件下に置いた後、ガラス融液表面に接
する試料の浸食状態を調べなところ、溶液で処理した試
料は１．４ ｍｏ＋の深さまでしか浸食されていなかっ
たが、未処理の試料は２．２ ＋ａｍの深さまで浸食さ
れていた。After casting the silica-alumina refractory described above, it was fired at a temperature of 1400°C for 4 hours to form a 18φ×701
Two samples were prepared, one of which was impregnated with the above-mentioned solution using a brush, and the other was not treated with anything. These two samples were melted into a glass melt (5i02 by weight%) in a platinum crucible based on the method specified in ASTM C-621.
724%, A1□0.6.8%, B20310.3%,
Ca0 0.8%, Ba0 2.1%, Na2O6
, 4%, K2O 1, 3%).
After being placed under the 0°C condition for 72 hours, the erosion condition of the sample in contact with the surface of the glass melt was investigated.The sample treated with the solution was eroded only to a depth of 1.4 mo+, but no The treated samples had been eroded to a depth of 2.2 + am.
尚、焼成耐火物の気孔率は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ２２０５に規定
されている方法に基づいて測定したもので、まず焼成耐
火物に水を含浸させた時の重量とこれを乾燥させて水を
全て蒸発させた時の重量を計ることによって含浸した水
の容積を計り、次に焼成耐火物を水中に沈めることによ
ってその容積を計り、め焼成耐火物の浸食作用が少なく
、且つ、泡の発生が減少するので、この焼成耐火物をス
リーブに適用すると使用期間を長くすることができると
共に歩留りを上げることができる。The porosity of fired refractories is measured based on the method specified in JIS R2205. First, the weight of fired refractories impregnated with water and the weight of the fired refractories that are dried to evaporate all the water are measured. The volume of the impregnated water is measured by measuring the weight of the fired refractory, and then the volume is measured by submerging the fired refractory in water. Therefore, if this fired refractory is applied to the sleeve, the period of use can be extended and the yield can be increased.
また本発明の製造方法は、スリーブ以外にもトラフ、ゲ
ートおよびオリフィス等の焼成耐火物にも応用できるこ
とは言うまでもない。It goes without saying that the manufacturing method of the present invention can also be applied to fired refractories such as troughs, gates, and orifices in addition to sleeves.
特許出願人 日本電気硝子株式会社 代表者 岸 １）清 作 ［発明の効果゛］Patent applicant: Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. Representative Kishi 1) Kiyoshi Saku [Effect of invention]
Claims (1)
浸させた後、焼成することによって該気孔内にガラス質
および／又は結晶質を形成させることを特徴とするガラ
ス製造用焼成耐火物の製造方法。A method for producing a fired refractory for glass production, which comprises impregnating the pores of the refractory with a solution containing a metal alkoxide and then firing to form glass and/or crystals within the pores. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8639989A JPH02263723A (en) | 1989-04-04 | 1989-04-04 | Production of calcined refractory for producing glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8639989A JPH02263723A (en) | 1989-04-04 | 1989-04-04 | Production of calcined refractory for producing glass |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02263723A true JPH02263723A (en) | 1990-10-26 |
Family
ID=13885794
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8639989A Pending JPH02263723A (en) | 1989-04-04 | 1989-04-04 | Production of calcined refractory for producing glass |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02263723A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100040778A1 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | General Electric Company | Refractory Material with Improved Resistance to Molten Slag |
| JP2012121779A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-28 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Glass production apparatus, method for fabricating glass production apparatus, and method for producing glass |
| JP2012121740A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-28 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Glass production apparatus and glass production method using the same |
| CN104176906A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-03 | 贺利氏材料工艺有限及两合公司 | Precious metal evaporating barrier |
-
1989
- 1989-04-04 JP JP8639989A patent/JPH02263723A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100040778A1 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | General Electric Company | Refractory Material with Improved Resistance to Molten Slag |
| JP2011530482A (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2011-12-22 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Heat-resistant material with improved resistance to molten slag |
| US8481152B2 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2013-07-09 | General Electric Company | Refractory material with improved resistance to molten slag |
| JP2012121740A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-28 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Glass production apparatus and glass production method using the same |
| JP2012121779A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-28 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Glass production apparatus, method for fabricating glass production apparatus, and method for producing glass |
| CN104176906A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-03 | 贺利氏材料工艺有限及两合公司 | Precious metal evaporating barrier |
| JP2014227337A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-08 | ヘレーウス マテリアルズ テクノロジー ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディートゲゼルシャフトＨｅｒａｅｕｓ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ＧｍｂＨ ＆ Ｃｏ． ＫＧ | Precious metal evaporation barrier |
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