JPH02242005A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out good combustion even to an object to be incinerated that contains a high proportion of moisture by connecting a chute of objects to be incinerated to the side of an incinerator in the direction which points to the floor of the incinerator and dividing the combustion air flow which is heated by the exhaust gas heat into a plurality of systems before the air flow is supplied to the incinerator and connecting one system to a nozzle for fluidizing the objects to be incinerated in the up-and-down direction in the incinerator. CONSTITUTION:A primary combustion furnace 1 is provided with a chute 3 which is for guiding objects to be incinerated which are charged to the bottom of the primary incinerator 1 and a fuel supply pipe 4 which jets out a fuel gas to the side of the furnace bottom. The chute 3 has in its upper section a gate 6 installed which opens and closes the charging port 5 of the chute 3 and at the same time at a position distant from the gate 6 in the inner circumferential direction a primary air jetting nozzle 7 is installed which jets out pressurized air radially and inwardly with respect to the center of the axis of the chute 3 when the gate 6 is open. On the other hand in the primary combustion furnace 1 below the chute 3 a secondary air blowing nozzle 9 is provided which rotates the charged objects to be incinerated in the up-and-down direction and fluidize them.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an incinerator for efficiently incinerating municipal waste and the like.

[Conventional technology] The third type of combustion device used in recent gas turbines, etc.
As shown in the figure, the exhaust gas generated in the sealed combustion chamber a is configured to drive a turbine d coaxial with a blower b that supplies pressurized air to the sealed combustion chamber a, and the combustion chamber a Combustion equipment
40612).

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the proposal, since the moisture content and burned calories vary depending on the type of material to be incinerated, it is necessary to manufacture a dedicated combustion furnace based on the type of material to be incinerated. I had no choice but to do it.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention aims to achieve the above object, and the present invention is directed to the side of a combustion furnace formed into a vertical cylindrical shape, in which materials to be incinerated are charged toward the hearth. A nozzle that connects the pipes, divides the combustion air flow heated by the exhaust gas of this combustion furnace into multiple systems before supplying it to the combustion r, and forms an air curtain within the input pipe for one of these systems. In order to solve the problem, one system is connected to a nozzle that fluidizes the material to be incinerated in the vertical direction in the combustion furnace.

[Operation] The combustion air flow heated by the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace is branched into multiple systems before being supplied to the combustion furnace.

Among these systems, one system is ejected from the nozzle of the charging pipe into the charging pipe to form an air curtain inside the charging pipe. This air curtain prevents pressure drop within the combustion furnace. a
One system is injected into the combustion furnace from a nozzle that fluidizes the material in the vertical direction, so the material to be incinerated is fluidized and burned efficiently.

By the way, since the heated combustion air evaporates the water content of the material to be incinerated, even the material to be incinerated with a high moisture content can be burnt efficiently.

[Embodiments] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the accompanying drawings.

1 shown in FIG. 1 is a primary combustion furnace, and 2 is a secondary combustion f.

As illustrated, the secondary combustion F1 and the secondary combustion F2 are formed into a vertical cylinder shape.

The primary combustion furnace 1 includes, at a position slightly below the intermediate position in the height direction, a material input pipe 3 for guiding the material to be incinerated into the bottom of the - state incinerator 1, and a pipe 3 for introducing the material to be incinerated into the bottom of the furnace 1, and a pipe 3 for introducing the material to be incinerated into the bottom of the furnace 1. A fuel supply pipe 4 that spouts out to the side is attached. A gate 6 for opening and closing the input port 5 of the input tube 3 is attached to the upper part of the input tube 3, and a gate 6 is installed at a position inward from the gate 6 at a circumferential interval to open and close the input port 5 when the gate 6 is opened. A first air blowing nozzle 7 is attached to blow pressurized air radially inward with respect to the axis of the tube 3 . That is, the pressurized air ejected from the first air blowing nozzle 7 swirls around the axis of the input tube 3 to form an air curtain 8 that partitions the input tube 3 into an upstream input section and a downstream input section. This air curtain 8
prevents a pressure drop in the primary combustion furnace 1 when the gate 6 is opened. On the other hand, a second air blowing nozzle 9 is attached to the primary combustion furnace 1 below the input pipe 3, which swirls the input material to be incinerated in the vertical direction to fluidize the material to be incinerated. This allows the next combustion (gasification) to take place.

On the other hand, the secondary combustion furnace 2 is formed by having the above-mentioned state RP in its upper part, the other end of the exhaust pipe 10 having one end connected to the upper part of 1, and the chimney 11 connected to the lower part. F1
The combustion gas from the combustion chamber is completely combusted in this secondary combustion F2, and clean exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney 11, while the combustion gas passes through a heat exchange coil 12 housed inside the secondary combustion F2. The combustion air is heated by exchanging heat with the high temperature atmosphere inside the secondary combustion furnace 2.

Next, a configuration for supplying combustion air and fuel gas into the above-mentioned -state furnace 1 and secondary combustion furnace 2 according to the combustion load (heat load) of these combustion f will be explained.

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned state kiln 1 and secondary combustion F2
The air compressor 13 supplies combustion air to the interior of the heat exchange coil 12. The air compressor 13 supplies combustion air to the inlet of the heat exchange coil 12 through a blower 14 that sends combustion air before heating that has been purified by a filter, and from the discharge port of the heat exchange coil 12 through a pipe line. The engraving turbine 15 is coaxially connected by a turbine shaft 16 to an engraving turbine 15 which is rotationally driven by the engraving work of the heated combustion air sent. That is,
The heated air sent from the heat exchange coil 12 to the engraving turbine 15 through the conduit 17 is transferred to the engraving turbine 15.
The engraving turbine 15 drives the blower 14, and the amount of fresh air corresponding to the rotation of the blower 14 is transferred to the heat exchange coil 12.
It is configured so that it can be sent inside. However, when the engraving turbine 15 is initially driven, the combustion air is not heated and does not have energy to drive the engraving turbine 15.
The generator motor 18 that forcibly drives the battery 1 is attached.
9 to be charged.

On the other hand, the air compressor 13 has another outlet in addition to the outlet to the heat exchange coil 12, and this outlet is connected to the first through the heated air supply passage 20. Second air blowing nozzle7.
9. However, first. The heated air supply passage 20 for the second air blowing nozzle 7.9 is formed into a plurality of branches corresponding to the number of the first air blowing nozzle 7 and the second air blowing nozzle 9. These branch paths c and below are respectively "inlet side branch path 21J, r furnace bottom side branch path 22"
An electromagnetic switching valve 23 is provided upstream of the branch of the air conditioner 23 to switch the flow path of the supply of combustion air to either the first air blowing nozzle side or the second air blowing nozzle side. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic switching valve 23 is configured to be switched by a microswitch or the like which is turned on and off by opening and closing the gate 6. On the other hand, a fuel supply device for supplying fuel gas to each of the above-mentioned -state furnace 1 and secondary combustion furnace 2 is configured as follows.

The fuel supply device mainly includes a burner device 24 attached to each of the primary combustion furnace 1 and the secondary combustion furnace 2, and an oil supply system that supplies fuel at a constant pressure (liquid fuel such as heavy oil) to the burner devices [24]. A tank 25, an ultrasonic valve 26 that atomizes the fuel sent from the oil tank 25 by ultrasonic vibration and sends the atomized fuel to the burner device 24, and performs primary combustion of the atomized fuel. It is composed of an ejector 27 that mixes atomized fuel and combustion air and feeds the mixture into the furnace 1 and the secondary combustion furnace 2 in a premixed state. The ultrasonic valve 26 is connected to the battery 1
It is designed to work with 9.

The oil tank 25 applies air pressure to the oil surface of the oil tank 25 through a pressure pipe 28 formed by branching the pipe 17 connecting the blower 14 and the inlet of the heat exchange coil 12, The pressure is configured to be the oil feeding pressure of the primary and secondary fuel supply lines 30 and 31 connected to the lower part of the fuel tank 29 and each ultrasonic valve 26, respectively. On the other hand, the burner device 24 is connected to the primary side fuel supply pipe 30, which is installed at approximately the same position as the inlet 5 of the above-mentioned -state furnace 1.
The secondary fuel supply pipe 31 and the exhaust pipe 10 are respectively attached to the secondary combustion furnace 2 side, and the ultrasonic valve 26 is integrally attached to the burner device 24 . On the other hand, each ejector 27 has a pressurized air supply passage (hereinafter referred to as "ejector-side branch passage 32
'') are connected, and fresh air is supplied to the ultrasonic valve 26 by the negative pressure caused by the pressurized air from these ejector-side branch passages 32. In other words, the air supplied by the ejector 26 is a mixture of heated combustion air and fresh air.
It has enough oxygen for good combustion,
Premixing is performed in the primary combustion furnace 1 with this air supply negative pressure. It is designed to be supplied to the secondary combustion F2. 33 is an oil pump, 3
Reference numeral 4 denotes a lubricating oil tank for supplying lubricating oil to the lubrication system and cooling system (bearings, etc.) of the air compressor 13. 35 is an oris, 36 is a filter, and 37 is a pressure gauge.

Now, a configuration for favorably controlling combustion in the combustion device configured as described above will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, immediately upstream of the branch of the heated air supply passage 20 on the inlet side and the branch passage 3 on the ejector side.
2. Flow control valves (hereinafter referred to as "inlet side flow control valves 3",
8J, r Ejector side flow control valve 39J, r Air pressure all
lll flow control valve 40J, 'primary side flow control valve 41J,
'Secondary side flow control valve 42') is interposed, and the above -
A temperature indicating controller (hereinafter referred to as "exhaust pipe side temperature indicating regulator 434.r chimney side temperature indicating regulator 44") is provided upstream of the exhaust pipe 10 of the state kiln 11PI and the chimney 11, and a temperature indicating controller is installed in the ejector side branch path. There are pressure indicating regulators (hereinafter referred to as "inlet side pressure indicating regulators 4") at the upstream and downstream branches of No.32.
5J, r Air pressure S machine side pressure indicating regulator 46'') is installed. In the embodiment, each of the flow control valves is connected to an output of one controller 47, and each of the temperature indicating regulators and the pressure indicating regulator is connected to an input of the controller 47. These flow control valves are
The opening is controlled by the pressure indicating regulator and temperature indicating regulator.

That is, the opening of the inlet side flow control valve 38 is made proportional to the opening of the ejector side flow control valve 39, and when the chimney side temperature indicating controller 44 is below a set temperature (for example, 500° C.), the ejector is closed. While the opening degree of the side flow rate control valve 39 is configured to be large, the set temperature of the exhaust pipe side temperature indicator controller 43 is higher than the set temperature of the chimney side temperature indicator controller 44 (for example, 900 ° C.) or higher. In this case, the opening degree of the ejector-side flow control valve 39 is configured to be small.

On the other hand, the air pressure aI! The side flow rate control valve 40 is connected to the heated air supply passage 20 detected by the inlet side pressure indicating regulator 43.
When the pressure reaches a pressure that causes excessive combustion in the primary combustion furnace 1, the ejector side flow control valve 39 is configured to be controlled in the direction of the opening rate, and the air compression 11 [11 pressure indicating regulator 46 The heated air supply passage 20 is closed until the temperature of the chimney-side temperature indicator controller 44 reaches the set temperature, that is, until the heating capacity of the secondary combustion furnace 2 reaches the minimum capacity capable of driving the turbine 15. It is configured to operate only the next combustion F2. However, the above primary side and secondary side flow control valves 41 and 42 are for the type of material to be incinerated.

The controller 47 is configured to freely set the set values of each temperature indicating controller and pressure indicating controller. However, in the example, the above-mentioned temperature instruction adjustment is performed so that the residual oxygen contained in the exhaust gas is 10 to 15% in the − state incinerator 1 and completely combusted in the secondary combustion furnace 2. configure the meter.

Therefore, clean heated air at a constant temperature can be generated, and the expansion turbine 15 can be driven with the generated heated air. As a result, maintenance-free operation can be achieved without contaminating the expansion turbine 15.

Next, another embodiment will be described, and the same components will be denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed explanation will be omitted.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 has a waste heat recovery boiler 48 interposed in the chimney 11 described in the first embodiment, and the combustion air discharged by the blower 14 is disposed of before the heat exchange coil 12 of the secondary combustion furnace 2. It is configured to be heated by a heat recovery boiler 48.

Therefore, the time from the start of operation of the secondary combustion furnace 2 until the turbine 15 reaches the minimum rotation speed can be greatly shortened, and the fuel consumption rate of the burner device 24 can be improved.

In other embodiments, the waste heat recovery boiler 48 for heating combustion air may be configured as a multipurpose waste heat recovery boiler.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above explanation, the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.

(1) Connect the incineration material input pipe toward the hearth to the side of the combustion furnace formed into a vertical cylindrical shape, and direct the combustion air flow heated by the exhaust gas of this combustion furnace to the combustion furnace. The incineration is divided into multiple systems before being supplied, and one of these systems is connected to a nozzle that forms an air curtain inside the input pipe, and one system is connected to a nozzle that fluidizes the material to be incinerated vertically within the combustion furnace. Therefore, the material to be incinerated is fluidized and burned efficiently, and the heated combustion air evaporates the moisture in the material to be incinerated, so even the material to be incinerated with a high moisture content can be combusted.

(2) Since an air curtain is formed at the inlet, pressure drop inside the combustion furnace can be prevented.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing another embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a conventional example. In the figure, 1 is a primary combustion furnace, 8 is an air curtain, and 7.9 is a nozzle.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. At the same time as connecting the incineration material input pipe toward the hearth to the side of the combustion furnace formed into a vertical cylindrical shape, a flow of combustion air heated by the exhaust gas of this combustion furnace is introduced into the combustion furnace. The flow is divided into multiple systems before the supply, and one of these systems is connected to a nozzle that forms an air curtain inside the input pipe, and one system is connected to a nozzle that fluidizes the incinerated material vertically within the combustion furnace. An incinerator featuring: