JPH0223674B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tunnel boring machine for digging relatively small diameter tunnels used for communication cables, sewage, etc.

An example of a conventional tunnel boring machine for digging tunnels used for communication cables or sewers is shown in FIG. 1.

In Fig. 1, b is a screw conveyor propelled in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel by a propulsion drive device a, c is a screw shaft rotated by a propulsion drive device a, and d is a face e fixed to the tip of the screw shaft c. f is a direction-correcting outer cylinder whose direction can be changed by a hydraulic jack g to maintain straightness; h is a hollow cylindrical lining set in the tunnel as it excavates; i;
is a shaft.

In the conventional example above, the cutter d is the screw shaft c.
is driven by a propulsion drive device a to excavate earth and sand, and the excavated earth and sand is conveyed to the shaft i by a screw conveyor b.

However, in such a conventional device, since the screw conveyor b has a screw shaft c, the size of the debris j that can be discharged is smaller than that of a ribbon screw of the same diameter. In addition, in spring-fed ground, it is desirable to operate with the screw conveyor b filled with earth and sand in order to prevent the earth and sand from collapsing at the face e, but if excavation is performed with the screw conveyor b filled with earth and sand, , the screw torque for transporting earth and sand increases, and the screw shaft c and the propulsion drive device a become larger. Therefore, the screw conveyor b is operated without being filled with earth and sand.
In spring water ground, the earth and sand from face e flows into screw conveyor b, and face e collapses, making the excavator's direction of excavation unstable. It will be enough.

In view of the above, the present invention is capable of discharging relatively large debris for a small diameter excavator, stabilizing the face, enabling excavation even under water pressure, and maintaining linearity in the excavation direction. This was done for the purpose of making it possible to control the tunnel axis, and the tip outer cylinder whose angle with respect to the tunnel axis can be changed, the intermediate outer cylinder, and the rear outer cylinder whose angle with respect to the tunnel axis cannot be changed are connected in series. Ribbon screws are arranged in a rotary casing rotatably disposed inside the rear outer cylinder, and are rotatable integrally with the rotary casing, and the tip of which is fixed to a cutter disposed toward the front of the outer cylinder. A casing is fitted onto a ribbon screw that protrudes from the rotary casing and extends to a cutter, and the casing is supported by a bearing fitted onto the rotary casing, and the tip outer cylinder and the intermediate outer cylinder are fitted. , an excavator is formed by a rear outer cylinder, a cutter, the rotating casing and a ribbon screw conveyor formed by the casing and a ribbon screw, and is driven separately from the ribbon screw at the rear of the excavator. A required number of elements each having a screw with a shaft and a screw conveyor for discharging earth and sand sent from the ribbon screw are arranged in series.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in Fig. 2, an excavator 1 is installed at the tip of the tunnel, and the details of the excavator 1 are shown in Figs.
It is shown in FIG. That is, the excavator 1 is provided with a tip outer cylinder 2, an intermediate outer cylinder 3, and a rear outer cylinder 4. , 3, a bellows-type seal 5 is attached to prevent the rear outer cylinder 4 from entering.
The tip is tapered and inserted into the rear end side of the intermediate outer cylinder 3, and a seal 6 is fitted in the gap between the outer cylinders 3 and 4.

The funnel-shaped enlarged end of the casing 9 of the ribbon screw conveyor 8 is fixed to the cylindrical frame 7 fixed to the inner periphery of the intermediate outer cylinder 3 so as to expand toward the front of the tunnel. Frame 1 fixed to the inner periphery of the frame 7 tip and the outer tube 2 of the tip
A seal 11 is fitted between the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion and the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion.

A hydraulic jack 12 whose axis is approximately parallel to the tunnel axis is pivoted to a plurality of brackets fixed to the outer periphery of the casing 9 of the ribbon screw conveyor 8, and a bracket fixed to the casing 9 is attached to the tip of the hydraulic jack 12. The end of the link 14 is pivotally connected to the link 14 via a pin 13, and by operating the hydraulic jack 12, the tip outer cylinder 2 can be pushed at the tip of the link 14 to change the direction of the tip outer cylinder 2. It's becoming like that.

A rotary drive device 15 is disposed on a plurality of brackets fixed to the outer periphery of the casing 9 of the ribbon screw conveyor 8, and a rotary output shaft of the rotary drive device 15 whose axis is parallel to the tunnel axis is provided with a rotary output shaft as shown in FIG. By fixing the spacer 16, which has an oval front shape, and driving the rotational drive device 15,
The spacer 16 can be inserted into a gap G between a flange 17 fixed to the intermediate outer cylinder 3 and a flange 18 fixed to the rear outer cylinder 4.

At the rear of the casing 9, attach one end to the casing 9.
The other end is connected to the screw conveyor 37, which will be described later.
A casing 19 connected to a casing 40 of the ribbon screw conveyor 8 is disposed, and a rotating casing 21 of the ribbon screw conveyor 8 is fitted into the bearing 20 fitted into the casing 19 concentrically with the casing 9. Seals 22 and 23 are fitted between 21 and the casing 19, and a gear 24 is fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating casing 21.
A pinion 26 fixed to the drive shaft 25 meshes with the casing 9.
A ribbon screw 27 passing through the inside is fixed,
The tip of the ribbon screw 27 on the front side of the tunnel is fixed to the back side of a cutter 29 that excavates the earth and sand in the face 28, and the funnel-shaped part of the casing 9 is filled with bentonite solution or the like sent from the injection pipe 30 to give viscosity. An injection nozzle 31 for injecting the agent into the inlet of the ribbon screw conveyor 8 on the back side of the cutter 29 is attached.

A frame 33 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft 32,
A propulsion drive device 34 including a plurality of rotary drive output shafts is installed on the frame 33 so as to be movable in the tunnel axis direction.

A required number of elements 35 are continuously arranged between the excavator 1 and the propulsion drive device 34.
The element 35 consists of a cylindrical lining 36 having approximately the same diameter as the rear outer cylinder 4, a screw conveyor 37 housed within the lining 36, a drive shaft 38, an injection pipe 39, etc., and the screw conveyor 37 is connected to the casing. 40, a screw shaft 41 housed within the casing 40, a screw 42 fixed to the screw shaft 41, and the like. The length of the lining 36, the casing 40 of the screw conveyor 37, the screw shaft 41, the screw 42, and the drive shaft 38 in the tunnel axial direction is approximately 1. Further, the lining 36, the casing 40 of the screw conveyor 37, the screw shaft 41, the drive shaft 38, and the injection pipe 39 are arranged so that adjacent ones can be connected to each other via flanges, coupling rings, etc. Propulsion drive device 34
The lining 3 can be connected to the lining 3.
6 is a screw conveyor 37 attached to the rear outer cylinder 4.
The casing 40 of the ribbon screw conveyor 8
The drive shaft 38 is connected to the drive shaft 25 in the casing 19 of
In addition, the injection tube 39 is capable of being connected to the injection tube 30.

The diameter of the casing 40 of the screw conveyor 37 is the same as that of the casing 9 of the ribbon screw conveyor 8.
The ribbon screw conveyor 37 is made sufficiently larger than the diameter of the cylindrical portion and the rotary casing 21 so that the debris that has passed through the ribbon screw conveyor 8 can pass through the screw conveyor 37. Also, casing 4
The upper end of 0 is at approximately the same height as the cylindrical portion of the casing 9 and the upper end of the rotary casing 21, but its lower end is placed close to the lower surface of the lining 36 to effectively utilize the space inside the lining 36 above the screw conveyor 37. I am trying to get it.

Note that 43 in FIGS. 6 and 7 indicates a target for surveying.

Next, the operation of the embodiment will be explained.

Drives the propulsion drive device 34 and screws the screw shaft 41
Screw 4 of screw conveyor 37 via
At the same time, the ribbon screw 27 and cutter 29 are rotated via the drive shafts 38, 25, pinion 26, gear 24, and rotating casing 21, and the cutter 29 starts excavating the face 28. Element 35 by
and push the excavator 1 to move it forward through the earth.

The excavated soil is transferred to the shaft 32 by the ribbon screw conveyor 8 and the screw conveyor 37.
However, at this time, the ribbon screw 2
Since the rotation speed of 7 can be adjusted according to the propulsion speed of the excavator 1, by adjusting the ribbon screw discharge amount, that is, the ribbon screw rotation speed so that it is equal to the excavated soil volume, The inside of the ribbon screw conveyor 8 can be filled with earth and sand. The plug effect caused by the filled earth and sand prevents water from flowing into the tunnel from the face 28 and prevents the face 28 from flowing in and collapsing.

If the earth and sand to be excavated has a low viscosity content such as silt or clay, the viscosity imparting agent sent through the injection pipe 39 is injected into the back of the cutter 29 from the injection nozzle 31, and the ribbon screw on the back of the cutter is injected. 27, the excavated soil and the viscosity imparting agent can be stirred and mixed to transform it into soil that is impermeable to water and has appropriate fluidity.

The earth and sand discharged from the ribbon screw conveyor 8 is discharged backward by the screw conveyor 37 as described above, but at this time, the casing 4
By lowering the filling rate of earth and sand in the 0, it is possible to prevent the drive torque of the screw 42 from increasing.

The reason why the screw conveyor 37 is not a ribbon screw but a screw with a shaft is that the connection of screw elements is much easier compared to a ribbon screw, and in the case of a ribbon screw, a screw with a shaft is used. This is because the transmissible torque is smaller than that of the ribbon screw, making it impractical over long distances, whereas the shafted screw is superior in strength to the ribbon screw and is sufficiently practical even over long distances.

The excavation of the face progresses as described above, and the excavator 1
and each element 35 has a length l of the element 35
After propelling by the same amount, the propulsion drive device 34 retreats,
A new element 35 is installed in the space formed between the propulsion drive device 34 and the rearmost element 35.
is inserted by the required means, and the front and rear connections of each device are connected to the other device. A tunnel is constructed by repeating this process.

For example, if the upper part of the face 28 collapses during the above operation, the propulsion resistance at the upper part of the face decreases and the direction of excavation shifts upward, but in this case, the tip outer cylinder 2
Then, the position is corrected by tilting the intermediate outer cylinder 3. That is, the link 14 is actuated by the required hydraulic jack 12, and the link 14 causes the tip outer cylinder 2 to tilt downward as shown in FIG. Therefore, the tip outer cylinder 2 receives a downward lateral force and tries to return to the desired straight line.

In addition, a screw moving jack (not shown) installed in the propulsion drive device 34 pushes the casing 40 and the screw shaft 41 to create a space between the flange 17 of the intermediate outer cylinder 3 and the flange 18 of the rear outer cylinder 4. A gap G is created, a spacer 16 rotated by the rotary drive device 15 is inserted into a required position (for example, the upper two places) of this gap G, and then the element 35 is advanced by the propulsion drive device 34. , the gap G disappears in the portion where the spacer 16 is not inserted, and as a result, the portion in front of the spacer insertion position is tilted by the tilt angle α as shown in FIG. Therefore, this inclined part receives earth pressure and can obtain the lateral force necessary for direction correction.

In addition, in the case of position correction in the present invention, the position can be corrected by using only the tip outer cylinder, only the intermediate outer cylinder, or both, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. can be changed.

According to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, since a ribbon screw is used in the excavator part, it is possible to discharge a larger amount of rubble than when using a screw with a shaft of the same diameter. Therefore, relatively large amounts of debris can be discharged even with a small diameter.

) The drive of the ribbon screw conveyor and the screw conveyor are driven separately, so
It becomes possible to control the rotational speed of the ribbon screw according to the propulsion speed, and the amount of discharged earth and sand can be appropriately controlled. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the face from collapsing, and it is also possible to excavate the spring water ground.

) Since the face is stable, the direction of excavation is stable and straightness can be easily maintained, and even if the straightness is disturbed, the direction can be easily corrected using the direction correction device.

) Since the screw conveyor is divided into two, a ribbon screw and a screw with a shaft, the screw conveyor with a shaft can be installed below inside the lining. Therefore, a large space above the shafted screw conveyor can be secured, and surveying in the direction of excavation is facilitated.

) Even if the angle of the tip outer cylinder or the intermediate outer cylinder with respect to the tunnel axis is tilted, the ribbon screw conveyor will not tilt, so even if each of the outer cylinders is tilted, the earth and sand can be transported without any problem. can.

Various excellent effects can be achieved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional tunnel boring machine, Figure 2
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the tunnel excavating machine of the present invention, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the excavating machine shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a view taken in the - direction arrow of FIG. Explanatory diagram when correcting the position using the outer cylinder, No. 6
The figure is an explanatory diagram of the drive mechanism of the ribbon screw conveyor according to the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a view taken in the - direction arrow in FIG. 6. In the figure, 1 is an excavator, 2 is a tip outer cylinder, 3 is an intermediate outer cylinder, 4 is a rear outer cylinder, 8 is a ribbon screw conveyor, 12 is a hydraulic jack, 14 is a link, 15
is a rotational drive device, 16 is a spacer, 17 and 18 are flanges, 21 is a rotating casing, 24 is a gear,
25 is a drive shaft, 26 is a pinion, 27 is a ribbon screw, 28 is a face, 29 is a cutter, 32 is a shaft, 34 is a propulsion drive device, 35 is an element,
36 is the lining, 37 is the screw conveyor,
38 is a drive shaft, 41 is a screw shaft, and 42 is a screw.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A tip outer cylinder whose angle with respect to the tunnel axis can be changed, an intermediate outer cylinder whose angle with respect to the tunnel axis cannot be changed, and a rear outer cylinder whose angle with respect to the tunnel axis cannot be changed are arranged in series and are rotatably arranged within the rear outer cylinder. A ribbon screw that can rotate integrally with the rotating casing and whose tip is fixed to a cutter disposed in front of the outer cylinder is housed in the rotating casing, and a ribbon that protrudes from the rotating casing and reaches the cutter. A casing is fitted onto the screw, and the casing is supported by a bearing fitted onto the rotating casing, and the tip outer cylinder, the intermediate outer cylinder, the rear outer cylinder, the cutter, the rotating casing, the casing and the ribbon are formed. An excavator is formed by a ribbon screw conveyor formed by a screw, and a screw with a shaft is provided at the rear of the excavator and is driven separately from the ribbon screw. A tunnel boring machine characterized by having a required number of elements each equipped with a screw conveyor for discharging earth and sand arranged in series.