JPH02234358A - Fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve an output by converting a solid-state or gel-stage fuel into a gas-stage by physical or chemical means and using it as a fuel. CONSTITUTION:Electricity is generated by using a solid fuel while the fuel being gasified. When a solid or gel fuel, if necessary with water, is injected to the inside of a separator 13 from a fuel injection hole 4 and heated or the pressure is decreased, the fuel and water are evaporated until they reaches saturated vapor pressure in the separator 13. The vapor is then permeated through a gas permeable membrane 14, reaches a catalyst layer 20 of a fuel electrode 21, and produces H<+> ion and e<-> electron by reaction. H<+> ion passes through an electrolyte layer 16 and electron e<-> passes the fuel electrode 21, the separator 13, an outer load 24, a separator 17, and an air electrode 22 and moves to a catalyst layer 23 of the air electrode side and is reacted to become H2O and the H2O is discharged from water discharging hole 19 and a connected ditch 172. By this, not like the case of using a liquid fuel, electrolytic material in the electrolyte layer does not flow in the fuel and the lowering of the output of a fuel cell can be avoided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] This invention relates to fuel cells in which a liquid or gaseous fuel is made into a solid or gel state and used as a gaseous fuel by physical or chemical means. The present invention relates to a fuel cell in which fuel is solidified by adsorbing fuel onto a polymeric material, etc., and then gasified and supplied to the fuel electrode side.

[Conventional technology]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As a fuel used in conventional fuel cells, for example, a liquid fuel called anolyte, which is a mixture of sulfuric acid, water, and methanol, is known.

However, since a high concentration of sulfuric acid is contained in the liquid fuel, the sulfuric acid impregnated in the electrolyte layer flows out into the fuel, resulting in a decrease in the ion ring ratio.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In conventional fuel cells using liquid fuel, the output of the fuel cell itself may be reduced due to the problems described above.

An object of the present invention is to improve the drawbacks of the prior art and provide a fuel cell capable of improving output.

[Means to solve the problem]

The fuel cell according to the present invention employs the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.

That is, a fuel cell comprising at least a fuel supply separator on the fuel electrode side, a fuel electrode, an electrolyte layer, an air electrode, and a separator on the air electrode side, in which the fuel supply separator on the fuel electrode side includes: A fuel cell is a fuel cell that converts solid or gel fuel into a gaseous state by physical or chemical means and uses this as fuel. That is, the basic technical idea of the fuel cell according to the present invention is to use solid or gel-like (hereinafter simply referred to as solid fuel) fuel while appropriately gasifying it, that is, converting it into a gaseous state. Furthermore, in the fuel cell of the present invention, the solid fuel in the form of solid, gel, or particulate is stored directly in a fuel supply separator, and the fuel cell is stored in a fuel tank provided separately from the separator. There is a fuel cell structure that is used for In either type of fuel cell, heating means or depressurization means are provided to convert the solid fuel into a gaseous state.

[For production]

In the present invention, since the solid fuel as described above is used and power generation is performed while gasifying the solid fuel, the drawbacks when using liquid fuel are eliminated.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the fuel cell according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a unit battery in the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the structure of the unit fuel cell according to the present invention includes at least a fuel supply separator 13 on the fuel electrode side,
It is composed of a fuel electrode 21, an electrolyte layer 16, an air electrode 22, and a separator 17 on the air electrode side.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 13 denotes a fuel supply separator for 21 fuel electrodes, which is made of a highly conductive material containing carbon as a main component, and collects electrons e generated in the catalyst layer 20 and collects them from the external load 24. It has the functions of a current collector and a fuel tank for supplying electricity.

The separator 13 is provided with a fuel injection hole 4 for injecting fuel. A plug 40 is inserted into the injection hole 4 via a threaded portion 46.
is fixed. Inside the separator 13, there is a heat conduction plate which has, for example, unevenness and has a part that contacts a part of the separator l3 at one or more places, and which transmits the heat of the separator 13 to the injected solid fuel. 5 is provided. The injected fuel comes into contact with the wall surface of the separator 13, the heat exchanger plate 5, and the air inside the separator 13, and starts to evaporate. The gaseous fuel, which is the generated vapor, passes through the conduction hole 1 provided in the surface of the separator l3 that is in contact with the fuel electrode 21.
The gas permeates through the gas permeable membrane 14 connected to the inlet portion of the fuel electrode 31 and diffuses into the fuel electrode 21 .

The fuel electrode 21 according to the present invention may be formed of, for example, a porous paper obtained by impregnating a sheet-shaped carbon fiber with a phenol resin and firing it in an inert atmosphere at 2000°C or higher. Further, a catalyst layer 20 is formed on one side of the carbon paper (the side not in contact with the gas permeable membrane 14, that is, the side in contact with the conductive electrolyte layer 16). The catalyst layer 29 is made of, for example, a catalyst in which PL and Ru are supported on carbon black (for example, Ketjen Black manufactured by Lion Oil Co., Ltd.), and water-repellent particles such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
) and water are uniformly kneaded to form a paste, which is coated on the carbon paper and fired at 320° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.

The electrolyte layer 16 in the present invention is composed of, for example, an ion-exchange membrane, and specifically, after the fuel electrode 21 and the electrolyte layer 16 are crimped together by means such as hot pressing, the end becomes a sealed portion. A seal 15 is formed using water-repellent rubber or Teflon tape, etc., to prevent leakage of gaseous fuel, water, and the electrolyte in the ion exchange membrane 16, which is the electrolyte layer. Further, in the present invention, an air electrode 22 is provided on the other side of the electrolyte layer 16. The air electrode 22 is, for example, the fuel electrode 21 described above.
The carbon paper may be made of the same carbon paper as that used in the above, and further, on the surface of the carbon paper facing the electrolyte layer 16, a catalyst in which Pt is supported on carbon black is added to the carbon paper using PTFE as a binder. A catalyst layer 23 is formed by coating on paper, and both ends are further sealed 15L with rubber or Teflon tape or the like.

Furthermore, in the present invention, a separator 17 on the air electrode side is provided in contact with the air electrode 22.

As shown in FIG. 2, the air electrode side separator 17 has a plurality of air holes 18 and water discharge holes 19 that communicate with the outside air, and each of the air holes 18 and water discharge holes 19 adjacent to each other have
and are connected to each other by a communication groove 171. Furthermore, grooves 172 and 173 are provided in the side surface of each separator 17, respectively, through which the above-mentioned communication holes communicate with the outside.

The separator 1 is provided on the outer surface of the air electrode side separator 17.
A plate 3 having a through hole 31 at a position overlapping with a hole 18 made in the air electrode side separator l7 is provided on the outer wall portion of the air electrode side separator l7.
By providing 0 and making the plate movable,
The opening degree of the air holes 18 can be changed arbitrarily.

In the present invention, "ζ" represents such two types of separators, l3
and 17, fuel electrode 2l, air electrode 22, and electrolytic rI layer 1
6 are fixed together using fasteners (not shown) to eliminate contact resistance of each part.

In the present invention, the fuel supply separator 13 may be of a cartridge type and configured to be detachable from the fuel cell main body.

In the present invention, the solid or gel fuel components include alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol;
These are aldehydes such as formaldehyde and metaldehyde. As for its form, for example, metaldehyde, which is originally solid in the standard state and becomes gas upon sublimation, may be used as it is as a solid fuel, or the liquid fuel in the above-mentioned category may be adsorbed on an adsorbent to form a solid or gel-like fuel. It may also be possible to use one that has been made into a state. The adsorbent used in this case is selected from, for example, hexamethylenetetramine, sodium stearate, dextrin, and the like. In addition, when gaseous fuel, ie, hydrogen gas, is used, it is adsorbed onto an adsorbent made of a hydrogen absorbing alloy or the like.

Further, the form of the fuel may be solid, gel, or particulate. In the present invention, it is preferable to use the above-mentioned adsorbent that adsorbs fuel and water and solidifies or gels it.

The solid fuel in the present invention is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5013800, for example.
1. Gel-like or solid methanol-containing fuel produced by the method shown in JP-A-50-103501 etc.
Heat it above 0°C to make it into a liquid state, then add 10% water to it.
It is also possible to produce a gel-like or solid fuel containing 5 wt% solid content, 10 wL% water, and 85 wt% methanol by adding wt% to the organic polymer. It may be made by adding water to formic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1, adding a thickener to increase the viscosity of the fuel, and stirring.

In addition, in the wood invention, gel-like or solid fuel is impregnated on one or both sides of a thin base material 61 such as resin or paper, and the fuel separator is formed into a corrugated shape as shown in FIG. 4 or a spiral shape as shown in FIG. It may also be inserted inside. In the figure, 64 is fuel. By forming the fuel electrode in this way, there is an advantage that increasing the evaporation area of the fuel increases the amount of evaporation, which increases the methanol partial pressure inside the fuel electrode and improves the output.

The electrolyte layer 16 used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, a cation exchange membrane such as DuP
10 pieces of “Nafion” (registered trademark) 117 etc. made by ont.
It can be used by boiling it in distilled water at 0°C for 4 hours and then immersing it in 3 m01/l sulfuric acid water for 12 hours to fully impregnate it with sulfuric acid.

Next, in the present invention, a gas permeable membrane 14 is provided at a portion of the fuel electrode 21 and the separator l3 on the fuel electrode side near the fuel electrode, and the gas permeable membrane 14 It is attached to a wall surface in which a large number of gas passage holes 131 are provided on the surface in contact with the 13 fuel electrodes 21. Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which the gas permeable membrane 14 is attached to the inner side of the separator on the wall surface, it can also be provided in the opposite direction, that is, on the fuel electrode side.

The gas permeable membrane 14 may be a porous membrane made of polypropylene, for example. By using such a gas permeable membrane, the amount of methanol supplied to the fuel electrode 21 can be maintained at a constant value even when the temperature of the battery increases and, for example, the evaporation rate of solid fuel mainly composed of methanol increases. Since it is possible to prevent methanol from being supplied to the fuel electrode 2l, it is possible to reduce the amount of methanol that is not decomposed at the fuel electrode 21, passes through ion exchange and Da 1 6, and leaks to the air electrode 22. As a result, even if the outside temperature rises, the air electrode 2
Since the amount of methanol leaking to 2 and burning with Cl becomes constant, and the temperature of the battery body can be maintained at a constant value, excessive evaporation of fuel is eliminated and the fuel utilization rate can be improved.

In the present invention, as a means for vaporizing the solid fuel, any known physical or chemical means may be used, but it is generally preferable to employ heating means or pressure reducing means.

In the present invention, the means for heating the solid fuel may utilize self-heating of the fuel cell, or may utilize an external power source or a heating heater connected to the output power source of the fuel cell. good.

As an example of the case where the self-heating of the fuel cell is utilized as described above, a heat conductive plate 5 is provided within the separator 13 on the fuel electrode side and is joined to the separator at at least one place. , the heat conduction plate 5 is preferably formed in a wave shape, and as shown in FIG. 3, the heat conduction plate 5 and the separator l3
Preferably, means is provided for changing the contact area with. More specifically, as a means for changing the contact area between the heat conductive plate 5 and the separator l3, a spring-like object 51 whose shape changes depending on the temperature and is made of, for example, a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin is used. It's also good ゜ζ. In this structure, when the temperature of the battery increases, the shape memory alloy or shape memory resin 51 expands and the contact area becomes smaller, so that the amount of evaporation decreases. Furthermore, when the temperature decreases, the spring force of the heat conductive material 5 causes the material 51 to contract, increasing the contact area and increasing the amount of evaporation.

By adopting this structure, the heat conductive plate 5 promotes the amount of fuel evaporation when the ambient temperature is low, and efficiently uses the amount of heat obtained when the operating temperature of the battery is low, that is, at startup or by self-heating of the battery. It transfers well to solid fuel and promotes fuel evaporation.

Further, since the heat conduction plate 5 has a wave-like shape, the evaporation area between the solid fuel and the heat conduction plate can be greatly increased, and the amount of evaporation can be stabilized.

On the other hand, in the present invention, a manifold (not shown) is provided on the outside of the separator lake l7 on the air electrode side, that is, on the side where the movable plate 31 is present, and air is passed from the manifold through the air inlet hole 18 provided in the separator l7. inflow,
The air is diffused into the C air electrode 22 through the air inflow hole 18 and the communication hole 171 which is continuous with the air inflow hole 18.

In addition, the air flow is caused by grooves 17 provided on the side surfaces of the separator 17.
2. 173 as well. In this embodiment, air is introduced into the air electrode by natural convection of air, and as in the embodiment, the separator 17
By providing holes and grooves that communicate with the outside air, air can flow into the separator 17 no matter what angle the battery is placed, so no reduction in output occurs. In addition, the communication holes 172 and 173 have an opening area larger than the passage area of the groove portion in order to reduce ventilation resistance.

Next, in the present invention, solid fuel is injected into the fuel supply separator 13 and used while being vaporized. Since it is preferable in terms of improving the output of the fuel cell and protecting the environment to prevent excess harmful gasified fuel such as methanol vapor from being released to the outside, the following structure is added to the separator 13 as the fuel tank. This is desirable. That is, a part of the separator is provided with an opening 4 that communicates with the outside air, and the opening 4 is further provided with a layer 4l for adsorbing gaseous fuel, a layer 43 for burning the adsorbed gaseous fuel, and a gas separation N membrane. 44 are provided. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, a plug 40 is removably attached to the aperture 4, which is a fuel injection and insertion port, via a threaded portion 46, and a wire hole is attached to the plug 40. 42, and an adsorbent layer 41 made of porous resin or glass wool whose surface has been subjected to hydrophilic treatment, for example.
Does the powder in which a metal such as platinum, ruthenium, palladium, tin, etc. is supported on a carrier by burning methanol adsorbed on the adsorbent have water repellency? It is formed into a layered structure with fixed particles.

A catalyst layer 43 and a gas separation membrane N44 are stacked. The CO generated at the fuel electrode 21 and excess methanol vapor are removed through the pore 42 provided in the plug 40 of the fuel injection port.
Methanol enters the adsorbent layer 41 through the
1 and reacts with air in the catalyst layer 43 provided on the top of the adsorbent 41.
By the reaction of 1.0, C(h and } becomes 1.0. And,
1!20 is adsorbed by the adsorbent 4l, and together with C (h is CO generated at the fuel electrode), it passes through the gas separation membrane 44 and the mesh 45 that holds the gas separation membrane, and is released into the atmosphere.

Next, the operation of one specific example of the fuel cell according to the present invention constructed as described above will be explained.

Solid or gel fuel and, if necessary, water are injected into the separator l3 on the fuel electrode side from the fuel injection opening 4, and when the pressure is appropriately reduced or heated, the fuel and water reach the saturated vapor pressure in the separator 13. It evaporates to fill the inside of the separator l3, and by diffusion passes through the gas permeable membrane l4 in a vapor state and reaches the catalyst layer 20 of the fuel electrode 21. In the catalyst layer 20, if the gaseous fuel is methanol, methanol gas and water are mixed as shown below. react like.

CH30H +HzO →COz + 6H '″+
H ions generated by the 6e reaction pass through the electrolyte layer 16, while electrons e pass through the carbon paver of the fuel electrode 2l, the separator 13, the external load 24, the separator 17, and the air electrode 2.
It passes through the carbon paper No. 2 and moves to the catalyst layer 23 on the air electrode side, where it reacts as described below.

3/20z +6 H" +6 6- -38zO 8.0 generated at the air electrode is air inlet hole l8, water outlet hole 19,
It becomes steam or water droplets from the communication groove 172 and is released into the atmosphere.

Comparing the present invention with the prior art, it is found that the prior art, for example, in JP-A-58-186170, uses a non-flowing fuel like the present invention, but in the prior art, the fuel electrode and solid Is the fuel a liquid because it is filled with a liquid such as anorite or fuel? is supplied to the fuel electrode in this condition. In this case, the CO gas generated at the fuel electrode adheres to the surface of the fuel electrode in the form of bubbles because the fuel container is filled with a liquid such as anolite, which has the disadvantage that the supply of fuel is obstructed. However, in the present invention, since the fuel diffuses as vapor, CO2 is easily discharged, the fuel supply speed is fast, and the concentration overvoltage decreases less than in the conventional example.

．． Furthermore, in the conventional example above, COt generated at the fuel electrode
Normally, when the fuel cell is activated, the temperature of the cell body rises, so the solubility of methanol in the anolite decreases, and methanol is also emitted from the outlet as vapor, which is harmful and is not practical. It was not served.

Other conventional examples: JP-A-58-35875, JP-A-60-6
In order to improve this, 2064 uses a gas-liquid separation membrane and installs a mechanism in a part of the anorite chamber to exhaust only CO gas, but when the temperature inside the anorite chamber rises, methanol vaporizes inside the anorite chamber, causing the same ClhOH indoors
(molecular weight, 32), and CO■ (molecular weight, 44) gas will be mixed, ? If the separation membrane is one that allows CO2 to pass through, methanol vapor will also leak to the outside, so this cannot be said to be a perfect countermeasure. The present invention can discharge only COz to the outside by using the above-described configuration and can ensure safety without leaking powerful chemicals such as methanol or formalin to the outside.

Next, another embodiment of the fuel cell according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6.

FIG. 6 shows a unit fuel cell having the same structure as FIG. 1, but the structure of the separator 13 on the fuel electrode side is different. That is, the fuel supply separator l3 is connected to a fuel tank 60, which is provided separately and stores a solid fuel 64, via an appropriate passage 7l,
Gaseous fuel generated from the fuel tank 60 flows through the passage 7l.
It is configured to be supplied to the separator 13 via ゜ζ. In this specific example, the vaporized fuel evaporated from the solid fuel 64 injected into the fuel tank 60 is introduced into the fuel supply separator 13 through the passage 7l. If so, is the separates suitable for you? The tank 13 simply has the function of supplying vaporized fuel to the fuel electrode.
Preferably, it incorporates a plate-like body having gas passage holes and connection grooves connecting each gas passage hole as shown in FIG. In the present invention, it is preferable that a means 67 for humidifying the gaseous fuel is provided at an appropriate location in the passage 71, so that the gaseous fuel supplied to the fuel electrode 21 is in a humidified state containing water. Fuel becomes 69. The heating means is constituted by, for example, a nayanhar which surrounds a part of the passage to which water is supplied from a suitable water reservoir 68, and the water generated at the air electrode 22 (11 ■0
).{1 may be created. in this way{
14, the water generated during air harvesting can be put into the fuel tank without leaking to the outside. Furthermore, the combustion 1'
Solid fuel 64 in 4 tanks 60? ! : It is preferable that a means for heating is provided, and a specific example thereof is something like the heat conduction material 5 mentioned above.
Alternatively, a heater 73 connected to an appropriate auxiliary power source 63 as shown in FIG. 6 may be used. Further, the heating means may be electrically heated according to the load 24 of the fuel cell, as explained in the above example. Fuel injection hole 4 of fuel tank 60 in this specific example
It is also possible to provide a gas separation mechanism similar to that provided in the fuel injection hole of the separator l3 shown in FIG.

Furthermore, in this specific example, an auxiliary combustion tank 66 that communicates with the fuel supply separator is connected to the fuel tank 60, and the gaseous fuel discharged from the fuel supply separator is transferred to the auxiliary combustion tank 67. It is constructed so that it can be guided and burned. The auxiliary combustion chamber is composed of a layer filled with an oxidation catalyst, and the unburned vaporized fuel discharged from the fuel electrode 2L is combusted in the auxiliary combustion tank 66, and the heat generated here is transferred to the fuel tank 60. Fin 65 provided inside
This allows the solid fuel to be efficiently transmitted to the F464.

In addition, if a temperature sensor 7o is provided in the auxiliary combustion tank 66 and the sensor is configured to control the heater 73 in the fuel tank via an appropriate controller 62, the sensor 70 can detect the temperature. Based on the temperature of the auxiliary combustion tank G6, the controller 1/roller 62 is controlled to ON/F to adjust the temperature of the heater 73, thereby controlling the amount of evaporation of the solid fuel.

Similarly, if the load 24 of the fuel cell connects its signal to the controller 62, the heater 73 can be directly controlled i1[1 by the load 24 by switching the controller 62.

FIG. 7 shows an example of converting fuel in a solid or gel state into a gaseous state by chemical means. To explain the structure, a porous metal member 50 holding a catalyst is inserted into the fuel electrode side separator 13, and the metal member 5
0 has the function of being able to conduct or cut off the outside air'#
The structure is such that it can come into contact with the outside air through the fuel tube 55 and at the same time, it can also come into contact with the fuel. In detail, a ceramic layer 52 is formed on a part of a SUS plate 50 by thermal spraying, and a catalyst-equipped plate is prepared by supporting an oxidation catalyst 53 such as platinum or platinized ruthenium on the surface of a porous body, and a fuel is put in the plate. separator 13
It consists of a hole 54 opened to conduct outside air and a valve 55 that controls the area of communication with outside air. The catalyst-carrying plate is installed such that the surface carrying the catalyst faces the hole 54.

In order to promote the vaporization of the solid fuel, the valve 55 may be rotated to widen the passage area with the outside air to increase the amount of air flowing into the fuel chamber of the separator l3.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the so-called acid fuel cells of the above embodiments, but can of course also be applied to alkaline fuel cells.

In addition, quicklime and water can be combined to generate heat, and the heat can be used to convert solid or gel fuel into a gaseous state, or ferrous oxide can be brought into contact with air to generate heat, and the heat can be used to convert the above fuel. It may also be converted into a gaseous state.

〔effect〕

Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, the electrolyte in the electrolyte layer does not leak into the fuel unlike when liquid fuel is used, and therefore, a decrease in output as a fuel cell can be avoided.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1A is a side sectional view showing one embodiment of a fuel cell according to the present invention. FIG. 1B is a sectional view showing the fuel injection hole and plug portion of the fuel supply separator shown in FIG. 1 separated from each other. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the structure of the air electrode side separator. FIG. 3 shows an example of the arrangement of heat conductive plates provided in the fuel electrode side separator, and is a JUr side view. FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are diagrams showing a preferred example of the form of solid fuel. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the fuel cell according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of means for converting solid fuel into gaseous fuel. 4...Fuel injection hole, butt...Heat conduction plate, l3...Fuel electrode side separator, l4...Gas permeable membrane, 15...Seal, l6...
Electrolyte layer, l7... air electrode side separator, 18...
...Air hole, l9...Water discharge hole, 20. 23
...Catalyst layer, 21. 22... Fuel electrode, 24...
・Load, 3o... plate, 3l... through hole, 4o... plug, 41... adsorption layer, 42
...Pore, 43...Combustion layer, 44 River gas separation layer, 45...Messhu, 46...Threaded part, 5
0... Plate, 5l... Spring-like object, 52... Ceramic layer, 53... Catalyst, 54... Hole, 55... Valve,
6o... fuel tank, 6l... base material,
62... Controller, 63... Auxiliary power supply,
64...solid fuel, 65...fin, 66
...Auxiliary combustion tank, 67...Humidifier, 68...
Water reservoir, 69... Humidified gaseous fuel, 70... Temperature sensor, 71. 72...Aisle, 73...Heater 1
71...Communication groove, 172, 173...Groove portion,
181... Enlarged opening.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fuel cell comprising at least a fuel supply separator on the fuel electrode side, a fuel electrode, an electrolyte layer, an air electrode, and a separator on the air electrode side, the fuel cell comprising at least a fuel supply separator on the fuel electrode side; A fuel cell characterized in that, in a supply separator, fuel in a solid or gel state is converted into a gaseous state by physical or chemical means, and this is used as a fuel. 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the solid or gel-like fuel is liquid or gaseous fuel adsorbed on an adsorbent. 3. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the physical means is a heating means or a pressure reducing means. 4. The fuel supply separator is connected to a separate fuel tank in which solid fuel is stored through an appropriate passage, and the gaseous fuel generated from the fuel tank is connected through the passage. 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell is configured to be supplied to the separator through the fuel cell.