JPH02216184A - Simulated visual field generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To give an image of excellent presence to a visually recognizing person by providing a function to change the sight of a distant view image in accordance with the change of his attitude at the time of superposing the distant view image on the other image to display them. CONSTITUTION:Calculation results of a calculating part 21 are inputted to #1 and #2 data registers 32 and 34. At the time of starting horizontal scanning on a display screen, the model position of the start point of data scanning and the distance from registers 32 and 34 are inputted corresponding #1 and #2 summing integrators 33 and 35 and are fed back to registers 32 and 34. During horizontal scanning, the data model position and the distance variation are outputted from registers 32 and 34, and model position data accumulated in integrators 33 and 35 is integrated for each picture element. Mp data of each picture element obtained by the integrator 33 is inputted to an address of a model ROM 36 to obtain corresponding data (height of panorama). This data is held in a #3 data register 37 and is compared with the distance obtained by the integrator 35 by a comparator 38. The result is held in a #4 data register 39 and is outputted as a panorama face.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a simulated visual field generating device, and in particular, to a device for generating a simulated visual field, which is used to deal with changes in the viewer's posture such as horizontal shaking when generating a distant view image. It is used in a simulated field of view generator with a rotation function.

[Prior Art] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a conventional simulated visual field generating device as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 60-198445, for example. In FIG. 5, (51) is an electronic image generating device, and a second database (54) stores image contents of foreground. Further, (55) is a distant view (panoramic) image generation device, and a first database (56) stores distant view image contents. Then, position/orientation information from the outside is added to both the electronic image generating device (51) and the distant view image generating device (55), and the required information based on the image contents of the respective databases (54) and (56) is added to the electronic image generating device (51) and the distant view image generating device (55). The resulting outputs are applied to the surface forming device (52) and subjected to predetermined processing, and then a desired display is displayed on the display device (53).

By the way, distant views include scenery such as mountain ranges, townscapes, and constellations, and such distant views are also called panoramas. Even if the viewer's position changes, the scenery hardly changes, which is often experienced, for example, by train passengers. Distant views can also be obscured by foreground views, which is also often experienced, such as a distant mountain range being obscured by a nearby house. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the above-mentioned matter. In this FIG. 6, the distant view (61) and the near view (62) are horizontal &! (63). And the distant view (61) includes a mountain range (61^), a row of eaves (61B), a constellation (61C), an independent mountain massif (610),
Sea surface (61E), etc. are included, and the foreground (62) includes buildings (62^), roads (62B), trees (62C), etc.

The distant view database used in this conventional example is created as follows. First, the 7111(A) is the viewer (7
1) and a cylindrical distant view database layer (72,) (I=1
,...N), and is a perspective view showing the relationship between FIG.
) is its top view. In addition, Fig. 8 shows the viewer (81
) and the distant view database layer, and here, the distant view database layer is the first M (8
2,) to the fourth layer (82,), and the first layer (8L) has an independent mountain massif (83) closest to the viewer (81), and the second layer (82,) 822), there is another independent mountain massif (84) located further away from the independent massif (83).
), and the third layer (823) has a row of eaves further away (823).
5) and mountain ranges (86), and the fourth layer (824)
) there is a constellation (87) in the sky. In this way, the distant view divided into an appropriate number of layers is created into a database for each layer. Priorities are determined between these eyebrows, and those with a lower priority are hidden by those with a higher priority. For example, the first layer (821') is hidden by the second layer (82□). It will have higher priority.

In the conventional example described above, the azimuth angle from the viewer is taken into consideration for the horizontal position of the generated distant view image, and one sway angle is taken into consideration for the vertical position as well, as the viewer vertically sways. However, the rolling angle is not considered at all.For this reason, for example, even if the viewer should be able to see a distant view with a slanted horizon due to rolling, The image that is generated will not have any slope, and the image presented to the viewer will lack a sense of realism.

[The problem that the invention tries to solve! ] The above-mentioned conventional simulated visibility generating device takes into consideration the azimuth angle from the viewer for the horizontal position of the generated distant view image, and also takes into account the vertical sway caused by the vertical sway of the viewer for its vertical position. Although the angle is taken into account, the roll angle is not taken into account at all, so for example, even if the viewer should be able to see a distant view with a slanted horizon due to roll, the display screen There is a problem in that the image generated above has no slope, and the image presented to the viewer lacks a sense of realism.

This invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is equipped with a function of changing the appearance of the distant view image according to changes in the viewer's posture, so that the image full of reality can be displayed. The purpose of this invention is to obtain a simulated visual field generating device that can be given to a viewer.

[Means for Solving the Problems] A simulated visual field generating device according to the present invention displays a distant view image superimposed on other images, and changes the visibility of the distant view image according to a change in the viewer's posture. It comes with one box of functions that change the direction.

[Operation] According to the present invention, the appearance of the distant view image changes in accordance with a change in the viewer's posture, and an image that overflows the real scene 8 is presented to the viewer.

[Example] Hereinafter, a simulated visual field generating device that is an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a galley flow chart for explaining the principle of the operation of a simulated visual field generating device which is an embodiment of the present invention. First, regarding the various symbols used regarding this Figure 1,
Define it as below.

φ: Roll angle, Vθ: Pitch component angle from the horizontal line, H! :Model position (azimuth) at the center of the display, 11
/2: Half (constant) between the horizontal paths of the display surface, v/
2: Half the vertical distance of the display surface (constant), hp:
Minimum unit of model position (constant), vp: Minimum unit of vertical change for each horizontal scan (constant), Mp: Each model position during horizontal scan, Mps: Model position at the start point of display scan, M
pa: Model position at the start point of each horizontal scan, HH: Position on the model position from the center of the display to the start point, h: Model position change in minimum horizontal scan unit, V: Model initial position change for each horizontal scan , ■p; Distance from the horizontal scanning position to the horizontal line, Vps: Distance from the starting point of display scanning to the horizontal line, Vpo: Distance from the starting point of each horizontal scanning to the horizontal line, vh
: Change in distance from the horizontal line of the minimum unit of model position, VV : Vertical distance from the horizontal line of vp.

FIG. 1 shows the positional relationship between the coordinates of the display screen (11) and the horizontal line (12), where one pixel is hp x vp. In FIG. 1, scanning on the display screen (11) is performed as follows.

First, it moves horizontally from the starting point (upper left corner), and when it reaches the right ra, it moves from the left end to the right end one step (vp) below. In this way, horizontal scanning is performed while moving down one step at a time. However, interlaced
When performing interlaced scanning, horizontal scanning is performed while moving down two stages at a time.

In order to generate a desired distant view image on such a display screen (11), the scanning position on the display screen (11) at each moment and a perpendicular line from this scanning position to the horizontal line (12) are drawn. Compare the distance to the foot (point) and the model data (height of the distant view model) at the position (address) of the foot on the vertical line axis,
Determine the presence or absence of a distant view model for each scanning position.

The formula for deriving these data is as follows.

Regarding the model position corresponding to the scanning position that changes for each pixel, MIl=Nllo+Σh (1)M
Do = Mps + Σ2V (
2> (double is for interlace) Mps= Mt -88 (3) MH= (H/2)cosφ+(V/2)sinφ
(4) However, h=hpcosφ; v= vpsinφ
(5) Regarding the distance from the scanning position to the horizontal line (12): Vp ==vp, + ΣVh (
6) Vpo = Vps-Σ2Vv
(7) (Double is for interlaced) Vps = ('//2) cos◆-(ll/2) sin
e −Vθ (8) However, Vh−hpsinφ; Vv=vpcosφ
(9) Detailed configuration and operation of the embodiment of this invention: Part 2
The figure is an illustrative diagram of a simulated visual field generating device having a configuration in which a panoramic image generating device is added to an electronic image generating device so that the above-mentioned principle operation can be applied. In FIG. 2, an image generator (22) is connected to the downstream of the calculation section (21), and this image generator (22) includes a priority face generator (23), a display driver (24), and a color controller. Displays (25) are connected in series. In addition, a calculation unit (21) and a display driver (24)
A light point generator (26) is connected in parallel between the light point generator (26) and a panoramic image generator (27) between the calculation section (21) and the light point generator (26). connected in parallel.

FIG. 3 shows the panoramic image generation device (
27) is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of FIG.

Each functional block of the bus driver (31) will be explained below: Various data (Hps, v, h, Vps, Vv, 'Vh) calculated by the calculation unit (21) in FIG.
) and #1. #2 data register (32)
, (34).

#] Data register (32): Holds pre-calculated data (Mps, v, h), outputs it to the #1 adder (33) in the subsequent stage, and inputs the integrated data (Mps, Mpo)・Hold.

#1 summing integrator (33): Inputs data from the #1 data register (32), calculates rHp = Mp, → -Σh during each horizontal scan, and calculates the following at each starting point of each horizontal scan. 'M11a=Mps+Σ
Perform the calculation 2v, 1.

Note that this #1 data register (32) and #1 addition integrator (33) constitute a model position calculation section for calculating the position of the model excluding the vertical position.

#2 data register (34): Holds pre-calculated data (Mps, Vv, Vh), outputs it to the subsequent stage #2 summing integrator (35), and inputs and inputs the accumulated data (Vps, Vpo). hold.

#2 addition calculator (35): Inputs data from the #2 data register (34) and calculates 'Vl) = VI) o + ΣVhJ during each horizontal scan, and calculates the value at each starting point of each horizontal scan. 'Vl)O=VpS+
The calculation Σ2VvJ is performed.

Note that the #2 data register (34) and the #2 adder (35) constitute a model vertical position calculating section for calculating the vertical position of the model.

Model ROM (36): A memory that stores the data of each panoramic model, receives the data side p) from the #1 adder xra calculator (33) as an address, and outputs the corresponding content. .

#3 Data register (37): A register for temporarily holding data (height of the panoramic model) from the model ROM (36), and is provided for each panoramic model.

Comparator (38): Compares the data (height of the panoramic model) from the #3 data register (37) with the data (Vp) from the #2 summing integrator (35), and compares this Vp with the panoramic model height. If it is smaller (lower) than the model, a logic “1” signal and #4
Output to data register (39).

However, if this data is treated as a constellation, a signal of logic "1" will be output when the panoramic model and Vp are the same value.

#4 data register <39): Holds and outputs data from the comparator (38), that is, information regarding the presence or absence of panoramic faces and constellations.

■ - The following calculation is performed in the calculation section (21) in Figure 2, and this is calculated as shown in #1 in Figure 3. #2 data register (32), (
34).

h=hpcosφ v=vpsin+ Vh=hpsinφ Vv= Vvcos+ Mps=Mmari(H/2)cosφ+(VF2)si
nφ)Vps = (VF2)cosφ−(II/2)
s inn -VF6 Next, in FIG. 3, at the beginning of horizontal scanning on the display screen (11), #1. ．． #
The data Mps and Vps from the 2 data registers (32) and (34) are added to the corresponding #1 and #2 summing accumulators (33).
), (35), and the original #1. Feedback to #2 data register <32), (34). However, from the second stage of horizontal scanning, V is added while adding feet (in the case of interlacing, 2V is added). This can be expressed as the following equation.

Hp, = Mps + Σ2v Vpo = Vp9 + Σ2Vv Next, during horizontal scanning, #1. #2 data register (3
2) and (34) are output, and for each pixel, #1. #2 Addition integrator (33), (3
5) is accumulated with the data Mpo+Ml)o. This can be expressed as the following formula.

Mp=Mp6+Σh Vp=Vpe+Σvh Then, the H of each pixel obtained by the #I addition integrator (33)
If p data is input to the address of model ROM (38), the corresponding data (panoramic height) in this model ROM (36>) will be obtained. This data is #
A comparator (38) compares the data held in the #3 data register (37) with the Vp obtained by the #2 summing integrator (35).
The magnitude relationship between the two is determined. Here, when Vp is smaller (lower) than the panoramic model, a logic "1" signal is output, whereas when it is larger, a logic "0" signal is output. and,
It is held in the #4 data register (39) and output as a panoramic face.

However, when a constellation is treated, a comparator (38) determines whether the height of the panorama corresponding to the constellation matches the value of Vp. When they match, a logic "1" signal is output, whereas when they do not match, a logic "0" signal is output.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a panoramic model used in the above embodiment. In this Fig. 4, Fig. 4 (A) illustrates the seated image of the panoramic model (horizontal axis, vertical axis, direction 74) The height 1 (p) of the model and the viewer's field of view θ (for example, 48 degrees). FIG. 4B shows an example of a format in which data regarding the panoramic model is stored in a ROM.

Various types of mountains and structures can be set here, and the priority for displaying them on the screen is determined, and objects with lower priority (backward) are given higher priority. so that it is hidden by a tall (front) object. That is,
For example, buildings (41, 42), mountains (43, 44, 45)
) and constellations (46), models with various colors can be superimposed and correspond appropriately to the viewpoint orientation (azimuth, roll, pitch). A distant view image can be drawn.

[Effects of the Invention] For an image created as a foreground view, - For boat fishing, a corresponding surface is created by performing coordinate transformation on a straight line model. Therefore, in order to draw an image with a complex-shaped surface, it is necessary to perform calculations on many straight lines and surfaces. However, according to the distant view image generating device of this invention, On a plane at infinity, the shapes of various objects such as mountain ranges, structures, and constellations can be depicted using small-scale electronic circuits.

Further, although it is necessary to calculate the data to be given to the distant view image generating device in advance, the amount of calculation is not that large, so the influence on the W1 calculation section is slight.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a galley flow for explaining the principle of the operation of a simulated visual field generating device which is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is an illustrative diagram of a simulated visual field generating device configured by adding a panoramic image generating device to an electronic image generating device so that the above-mentioned principle operation can be applied. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the i-formation of the panoramic image generating device; FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the panoramic model used in the above embodiment; FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional simulated visibility generating device; FIG. is an illustrative view of a scene for explaining the above conventional example, and FIGS. 7 and 8 are explanatory views of database creation in the above conventional example. 11: Display screen, 12-Horizontal line, φ: Roll angle, ■θ: Pitch component angle from the horizontal line, H: Model position W (azimuth angle) at the center of the display, HI
3: Half the horizontal distance of the display surface (constant), V/2
Half the vertical distance of the nib play surface (constant), hp:
Minimum unit of model position (constant), vp: Minimum unit of vertical change (constant) for each horizontal scan, Hp: Each model position during horizontal scan, Mps: Model position at the start point of display scan. Mpa: Model position at the starting point of each horizontal scan, MH: Position on the model position from the center of the display to the starting point. h: Model position change in minimum horizontal scan unit, V: Model initial position change for each horizontal scan, vp: Distance from horizontal scan position to horizontal line, Vps: Distance from display scan start point to horizontal line, Vp, : Distance from the starting point of each horizontal scan to the horizon line. vh: change in distance from the horizontal line of the minimum unit of model position W;

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A simulated visual field generation device that displays a distant view image superimposed on other images, characterized by having a function of changing how the distant view image is viewed according to a change in the viewer's posture. Visibility generating device.