JPH0221240A - Sole flooring slippage testing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To measure a slippage resistance by a dynamic friction by moving a mobile floor horizontally keeping shoes keeping contact with the mobile floor to detect a horizontal load and a vertical load working on the shoes and a floor surface. CONSTITUTION:When a slippage resistance by a dynamic friction is measured, a spring 17 is forced not to function by tying a wire between both ends of the spring 17 or other operations. Then, the shoes are put on a foot model 38 while a loading weight 68 is suspended at the tip of a loading arm 66. A gravity working on the weight 68 acts on the shoes 36 through an arm 66, a roller 70, a shoes support shaft 32, a foot model mounting device 37 and the foot model 38 as vertical load to press the shoes 36 onto the top surface of the mobile floor 13 from above. Then, a mobile floor driving motor 15 is driven to move a mobile floor 13 to a rear end of a base frame 11 at a fixed speed. When the shoes 36 are slipping on the mobile floor 13, a horizontal load working on the shoes sole by a dynamic friction is detected with a horizontal load detector 31 and a vertical load is detected with a vertical load detector 35 build near an upper end of the support 32 separately thereby enabling measurement of a slippage resistance.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a shoe sole/floor material slip tester that measures the slip resistance of shoe sole materials or floor materials.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention] In order to evaluate the slipperiness of shoe sole materials and floor materials in order to prevent slipping accidents of shoes on floor materials, it is necessary to evaluate the static friction of shoe sole materials and floor materials. It is important to know the sliding resistance due to dynamic friction.

However, such slip resistance not only varies greatly depending on the material and shape of the sole and flooring material, but also depends on the measurement conditions (pulling speed, moving speed, load size, ground pressure, initial ground contact time, etc.). Since the measured values also fluctuate,
Until now, there was no general-purpose slip testing machine for shoe soles and flooring materials.

In addition, up until now, slipping has been discussed while leaving the difference between static friction and kinetic friction and how to use it vague, but when considering slipping, it is important to understand that "sliding" is from the perspective of accident prevention. When selecting flooring materials, it is necessary to consider them separately in terms of slipperiness and slip resistance. In other words, in order to prevent slipping accidents from a safety perspective, it is important to measure the slip resistance caused by dynamic friction, as it is known as the "banana peel effect," which suggests that slipping quickly is more dangerous than slipping slowly. While it is important, on sports floor surfaces,
Since appropriate slip resistance is required, it is important to measure the point where the shoe first gets caught, that is, the slip resistance corresponding to the maximum coefficient of static friction.

Next, various conventional slip measurements will be explained in more detail.

First, there has been a simple method of measuring shoe slippage, such as pulling the shoe horizontally, but the measured values were unstable and no accurate measurement method had been established.

On the other hand, the following types of slip testers have been used for flooring and road surfaces.

The most widely used is the pendulum-type floor slip tester (JIS A140?) shown in Figure 8. This tester measures the dynamic frictional resistance by rubbing a piece of iron on an electric floor material and calculating the dynamic frictional resistance from the length of the scratch.

Next, this will be explained in more detail. Reference numeral 1 denotes a hammer, which is swingable about 1d12 extending in the horizontal direction. An iron piece 3 is attached to the lower end of the hammer 1 so as to be rotatable within a certain range as shown by an arrow A around a shaft 4 extending in the horizontal direction.
A compression coil spring 5 is interposed between the iron piece 3 and the lower end of the hammer 1.

First, the hammer 1 is lifted to a lifting position (indicated by a solid line) at a predetermined height B, and then the hammer 1
is released and the hammer 1 is swung as shown by the arrow C. When the hammer 1 is near the vertical direction as shown by the dashed-dotted line, the iron piece 3 slides onto the surface of the fixed flooring 6. Make sure you are approached. Here, the slip resistance coefficient between the floor material 6 and the iron piece 3 can be determined from the height D of the swing-up position of the hammer 1, which is indicated by the two-dot chain line position.

However, in such a test method, when the floor material 6 and the iron piece 3 come into sliding contact, the spring 5 vibrates, and the contact angle between the floor material 6 and the iron piece 3 changes due to the vibration of the spring 5. There was a drawback that accurate measurement values could not be obtained. Furthermore, although this testing machine was able to evaluate the slip resistance characteristics of the walking surface, it was not possible to evaluate the sole material because iron pieces were used. Further, even if a shoe sole material is used instead of a piece of iron, only a portion of the shoe sole material can be used, and the characteristics of the shoe sole metal body cannot be known.

Other slip testing machines include testing machines mainly for evaluating the slippage of building materials. As shown in FIG. 9, the front part of the sole is cut into a rectangular shape, a weight 8 is placed on the cut piece 7, and the piece is pulled diagonally upward via a spring 9 and a load cell 10. From the ratio of the obtained maximum tensile load H to the weight load W, the apparent maximum static friction coefficient H/W is determined. Here, the reason why the weight is pulled obliquely upward rather than horizontally is to prevent the generation of rotational force (couple) due to horizontal pulling force and frictional force. In this case, the physical coefficient of friction in the strict sense is HφCO8θ/(WH·SINθ), where θ is the tension angle. In other words, from the denominator equation (WH-8INθ), as the tensile force increases, the vertical force applied to the shoe decreases.

However, because the toe part of the sole is cut off, it is not possible to determine the sliding characteristics of the shoe sole, such as the difference between shoes with a heel and flat-soled shoes without a heel, as in the case of the above-mentioned testing machine. There was a drawback. In addition, since the weight is pulled through a spring, after the heel begins to slide, the speed of the heel's pulling movement changes due to the expansion and contraction of the spring due to the magnitude of the frictional force, so the dynamic frictional resistance value is unstable and its characteristics cannot be measured. It also had the disadvantage of being difficult. In addition, H/W had the disadvantage that the apparent maximum static friction coefficient was not measured, and the true friction coefficient was not measured.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and
We have developed a shoe sole/floor material slip tester that can accurately and stably measure the slip resistance due to static friction and dynamic friction of shoe soles and floor materials under a wide range of conditions, and also that can determine the slip characteristics of shoe sole metal bodies. The purpose is to provide.

[Means to solve the problem]

The shoe sole/floor material slip tester according to the present invention includes a movable floor that is movable in the horizontal direction, a movable floor drive device that moves the movable floor horizontally at variable speed, and a liftable floor that supports shoes in a removable manner. a vertical load applying means for grounding the shoe from above on the movable floor with a vertical load of a variable magnitude via the shoe supporting means; and a vertical load for detecting the vertical load acting on the shoe. The footwear includes a detection means and a horizontal load detection means for detecting a horizontal load acting on the shoe.

[Effect]

In the present invention, the movable floor is moved in the horizontal direction by the movable floor drive device while the shoes are in contact with the movable floor by the vertical load applying means, thereby causing slippage between the shoes and the movable floor. If the horizontal load and vertical load applied to the shoes and the floor are detected by the horizontal load detection means and the vertical load detection means, the slip resistance due to dynamic friction can be measured from the ratio.

Similarly, with shoes in contact with the movable floor, if the movable floor is moved in the horizontal direction by the movable floor drive device via the springs and the maximum horizontal load at that time is measured, it is possible to The sliding resistance due to static friction can be measured from the ratio to the load.

When measuring the sliding resistance due to dynamic friction and static friction as described above, the values of the vertical load and the moving speed of the movable floor can be appropriately selected to perform measurement under a wide range of measurement conditions.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

1 to 7 show an embodiment of the shoe sole/floor material slip tester according to the present invention. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a base frame 11 extending horizontally
A slide rail 12 is provided inside the slide rail 12, and a movable floor 13 is provided on this rail 12 so as to be movable along the rail 12. One end of a wire 14 is connected to the rear end of the movable floor 13. This wire 14
is a pulley 9 rotatably supported at the rear end of the base frame 11.
The other end of the wire 14 is wound around the drum 1 which is driven by a movable floor drive motor 15.
It is wrapped around 6. An adjustment spring 17 made of a coil spring is interposed in the middle of the wire 14. A movable floor driving weight 19 is connected to the front end of the movable floor 13 via a wire 18.
are combined. The wire 18 is wound around pulleys 20, 21 and 22 that are rotatably supported by a drive frame 19 that is erected on the base frame 11.

An arm support frame 23 is erected on the base frame 11,
A rear end portion of a fixed arm 24 extending in the horizontal direction is fixed to this arm support frame 23.

The distal end portion 24a of the fixed arm 24 is bifurcated as shown in FIG. 4, and a cylindrical body 25 enters into the bifurcated portion. A rotation shaft 26 attached to the lower end of the cylinder 25 so as to protrude in the horizontal direction is rotatably supported by the bifurcated tip 24a of the fixed arm 24 via a bearing 27. Thereby, the cylindrical body 25 is supported by the fixed arm 24 so as to be rotatable in a plane parallel to the plane of the drawing in FIG.

A rear end portion of the horizontal load detection arm 28 is rotatably supported by the arm support frame 23 above the fixed arm 24 via a rotation shaft 29 parallel to the rotation shaft 26 .

The distal end of the horizontal load detection arm 28 is rotatably coupled to the upper end of the cylinder 25 via a rotation shaft 30 parallel to the rotation axes 26 and 29, so that the cylinder 25 It is maintained almost vertically. A horizontal load detection device 31 consisting of a load cell is interposed in the intermediate portion of the horizontal load detection arm 28.

A shoe support shaft 32 is inserted through the cylindrical body 25 so as to be movable in the axial direction with respect to the cylindrical body 25 .

Here, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the key 33 fitted to the shoe support shaft 32 is fitted into the key groove 34 provided in the cylinder 25, so that the shoe support shaft 32
cannot rotate with respect to the cylindrical body 25. As shown in FIG. 3, a vertical load detection device 35 consisting of a load cell is built in near the upper end of the shoe support shaft 32. is detected as a vertical load acting on the test pile 36, which will be described later.

As clearly shown in FIG. 3, the lower end of the pile support shaft 32 is screwed with a male threaded portion 37a provided at the upper end of the foot fitting 37. A fixing nut 99 is also screwed onto the lower part of the support shaft 32. Therefore, by loosening the fixing nut 99 and rotating the foot-shaped fixture 37 around the axis with respect to the pile support shaft 32, the angle of the shoe 36 around the pile support shaft 32, which will be described later, can be adjusted. By tightening, the foot-shaped fixture 37 can be fixed to the pile support shaft 32 at an arbitrary rotation angle.

A size-adjustable foot last 38, 39, which will be described next, is removably attached to the foot last fixture 37. In this embodiment, in order to keep the ground pressure of the test pile 36 against the movable floor 13 uniform, when the shoes 36 have heels, the fifth
A last 38 as shown in the figure is attached while the shoe 36
If the shoe has a flat sole without a heel, a last 39 as shown in FIG. 6 is attached.

Next, first, the structure of the last 38 for a heeled shoe shown in FIG. 5 will be explained. Male screw portions 41 and 42 are provided at both ends of the longitudinal axis 40 that extends in the longitudinal direction. One end side of a universal joint (not shown) is attached to the male threaded part 41 on the front end side, and a toe part 43 having a shape relatively similar to the toe part of an actual human foot is attached to the other end side of this universal joint. installed. Male thread part 42 on the rear end side
One end side of a universal joint (not shown) is attached to the , and the other end side of this universal joint has a heel part 44 whose shape is relatively similar to the heel part of an actual human foot.
is installed. The distance between the toe portion 43 and the heel portion 44 can be determined by rotating the two universal joints relative to the male threaded portion 41 and 42 to connect these joints to the male threaded portion 4.
It can be adjusted by moving above 1.42. A vertical shaft 45 is integrally connected to the intermediate portion of the longitudinal shaft 40 and extends vertically at a slight angle from perpendicular to the shaft 40. A ring is attached to the upper end of the vertical shaft 45. A shaped portion 46 is integrally provided.

Next, the structure of the flat-soled shoe last 39 shown in FIG. 6 will be explained. Male screw portions 48 and 49 are provided at both ends of the longitudinal axis 47 extending in the longitudinal direction. One end of a universal joint 50 is attached to the male threaded portion 48 on the front end side, and the intermediate portion of the front disk support shaft 51 is attached to the other end of the universal joint 50. Discs 54 and 55 are supported at the front and rear ends of the front disc support shaft 51 via universal joints 52 and 53, respectively.

Similarly, one end of a universal joint 56 is attached to the male threaded portion 49 on the rear end side, and the rear disc support shaft 5 is attached to the other end of this universal joint 56.
The middle part of 7 is attached. Discs 60 and 61 are supported at the front and rear ends of the rear disc support shaft 57 via universal joints 58 and 59, respectively. The distance between the discs 54.55 and 60.61 is determined by rotating the universal joints 50.56 relative to the external threads 48.49.
6 on the male threaded portions 48 and 49. A vertical shaft 62 is integrally connected to the intermediate portion of the longitudinal shaft 47 and extends vertically at a slight angle from perpendicular to the shaft 47. A ring is attached to the upper end of the vertical shaft 62. A shaped portion 63 is integrally provided.

The foot lasts 38 and 39 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 as described above have their respective ring-shaped parts 46 and 63 clamped by screws 64 and 65 provided on the foot last fixture 37, as shown in FIG. By doing so, it is attached to the foot-shaped fixture 37. Shoes 36 can be removably worn on these lasts 38 and 39.

At the upper end of the arm support frame 23, the vicinity of the rear end of the loading arm 6 is rotatably supported via a rotation shaft 67 parallel to the rotation shafts 26, 29, and 30. A loading weight 68 is suspended from the tip end of the loading arm 66, and an adjustment weight 69 is suspended from the rear end thereof. A loading arm 6 is provided on the upper end surface 32a of the pile support shaft 32.
A roller 70 rotatably supported by the roller 6 is brought into contact with the roller 70 . Here, the upper end surface 32a of the pile support shaft 32 is a circular arc surface centered on the rotation axis 26 of the cylindrical body 25, or a spherical surface centered on the intersection of the rotation axis 26 and the axis of the pile support shaft 32. ing. The pile support shaft 32 and the loading arm 66 are connected by a connection wire 71, and the length of this connection wire 71 is such that when the roller 70 is in contact with the upper end surface 32a of the pile support shaft 32, The length is such that the wire 71 is relaxed.

A load control motor 72 is mounted on the drive section frame 19, and this motor 72 drives a drum 73. A wire 74 is wound around the drum 73, and the tip of the wire 74 is connected to the tip of the loading arm 66.

Proximity switches 7 are provided at the front and rear ends of the base frame 11.
5.76 are provided and these proximity switches 75
．． 76 is adapted to detect that the movable floor 13 has moved to the front end side or the rear end side of the base frame 11 by a certain amount or more. Further, a proximity switch 7 is provided on the upper part of the shoe mounting shaft 32.
7 is attached, and this proximity switch 77 detects contact of the roller 70 with the upper end surface 32a of the pile support shaft 32 by detecting that the loading arm 66 approaches a certain amount or more. The movable floor drive motor 15 and the load control motor 72 are controlled by a control device (not shown), and a proximity switch 75
, 76, and 77 are input to this control device.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained.

First, when measuring the sliding resistance due to dynamic friction, by connecting a wire (not shown) between both ends of the spring 17,
Measurement is performed assuming that the spring 17 is not functioning. and,
Shoes are put on the last 38 (or 39), and a loading weight 68 of an appropriate weight is suspended from the tip of the loading arm 66. Then, the gravity acting on the loading weight 68 causes the loading arm 66, the roller 70, the pile support shaft 32, and the foot-shaped fixture 37
It acts as a vertical load on the shoe 36 via the last 38 (or 39) and presses the shoe 36 against the upper surface of the movable floor 13 from above. Note that this vertical load can be finely adjusted by changing the weight of the adjustment weight 69.

Next, first, the loading control motor 72 is driven so that the wire 74
By rotating the drum 73 in the direction of winding up the
The loading arm 66 is lifted against the loading weight 68, the connecting wire 71 is tensed, and the shoe 36 is lifted together with the pile support shaft 32, etc.
is raised and kept slightly away from the upper surface of the movable floor 13.

Next, the loading control motor 72 is reversely rotated to lower the loading arm 66. Then, the shoes 36 first touch the upper surface of the movable floor 13, and then the rollers 70 touch the upper end surface 32 of the pile support shaft 32.
The connecting wire 71 is loosened upon contact with the shoe 36, and the load of the loading weight 68 comes to act on the shoe 36. Further, when the proximity switch 77 detects that the roller 70 has contacted the upper end surface 32a of the pile support shaft 32, the control device drives the movable floor drive motor 15, causes the drum 16 to wind up the wire 14, and the movable floor 13 is moved toward the rear end of the base frame 11 at a constant speed (at this time, the upper part 19 of the movable floor 13 is lifted). This causes the shoes 36 to slide forward on the movable floor 13 at a constant speed.

When the shoe 36 is sliding on the movable floor 13 in this way, the pile support shaft 32 and the cylinder 25 tend to rotate around the rotation axis 26 due to the horizontal load acting on the sole due to dynamic friction. Since the horizontal load is transmitted to the horizontal load detection arm 28, this horizontal load can be detected by the horizontal load detection device 31. Therefore, the slip resistance due to dynamic friction between the shoes 36 and the movable floor 13 can be measured from the ratio of this horizontal load to the vertical load detected by the vertical load detection device 35 as described above.

When the proximity switch 76 detects that the rear end of the movable floor 13 has reached a certain position on the rear end side of the base frame 11, the control device stops the movable floor drive motor 15 to stop the movable floor 13, and The load control motor 72 is driven to lift the load arm 66, and the shoes 36 are again slightly spaced from the upper surface of the movable floor 13.

Next, the control device reverses the loading control motor 72 to lower the loading arm 66 again to ground the shoes 36 on the upper surface of the movable floor 13, and reverses the movable floor drive motor 15 to lower the load arm 66 to the movable floor drive weight 19. Due to the force of gravity, the movable floor 13
is moved toward the front end of the base frame 11 at a constant speed (at this time, the movable bed driving weight 19 is lowered). This causes the shoes 36 to slide on the movable floor 13 in the opposite direction.

Also in this case, the sliding resistance due to dynamic friction can be measured from the ratio of the horizontal load detected by the horizontal load detection device 31 and the vertical load detected by the vertical load detection device 35.

When the proximity switch 75 detects that the front end of the movable floor 13 has reached a certain position on the front end side of the base frame 11, the control device stops the movable floor drive motor 15 to stop the movable floor 13, and also stops the movable floor drive motor 15. 72 is driven to lift the loading arm 66, and the shoe 36 is slightly separated from the upper surface of the movable floor 13.

By repeating this operation as many times as necessary,
Sliding resistance due to dynamic friction in both the front and rear directions can be measured over time.

Note that when measuring in this way, by selecting the rotational speed of the movable floor drive motor 15, various moving speeds of the movable floor 13 and the relative speed between the shoes 36 and the movable floor 13 can be selected, and each Dynamic frictional resistance at each speed can be measured.

Further, in this embodiment, the loading arm 66 and the shoe support shaft 32 are in contact with each other via the roller 70, and the upper end surface 32a of the shoe support shaft 32 is connected to the rotation shaft 32 of the cylinder body 25.
6 or the rotating wheel 26 and the shoe support shaft 3
Since it is a spherical surface centered at the intersection with the axis of 2,
The shoe support shaft 32 and the cylindrical body 25 rotate smoothly about the rotation shaft 26, and the horizontal load can be detected accurately.

With this slip tester, slip resistance due to static friction can also be measured in substantially the same way. However, in this case, the movable floor 13 is moved with the springs 17 functioning, the maximum horizontal load at that time is measured, and the slip resistance is determined from the ratio of that value to the vertical load.

In this case, the pulling speed of the force applied to the shoe 36 (the slope when the vertical axis is the force applied to the shoe 36 and the time is the horizontal axis) is determined by the spring constant of the spring 17 or the winding speed of the wire 14. You can change it by changing it. In this way, this slip tester has a wide range of measurement conditions and can handle slip characteristics during all kinds of operations.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the slip resistance can be measured by making only the toe part contact the movable floor 13 without making the entire sole contact the ground, as described below. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, a sole support plate 79 is placed on the base frame 11 via a load cell 78, the heel of the shoe 36 is placed on this sole support plate 79, and only the toe is movable. Ground the load cell 7 to the floor 13.
8, the shared load acting on the heel is detected, and by subtracting this shared load from the overall vertical load detected by the vertical load detection device 35, the vertical load acting on the toe is calculated, and the slippage of the toe is calculated. Resistance value can be measured.

Therefore, measurements can be made without cutting the toe part, unlike testing machines conventionally used to evaluate the slippage of flooring materials.

Therefore, this tester can be used not only as a tester for evaluating the slippage of shoes 36, but also as a tester for evaluating the slippage of flooring materials.

In addition, in the present invention, the configuration for detecting the horizontal load and the vertical load is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, and for example,
A load cell may be interposed in the wire 14 and the load cell may detect the horizontal load, or a force plate (original reaction force meter) may be installed under the floor and the force plate may detect the vertical load. good. However, when a load cell is interposed in the wire 14 and the load cell is used to detect the horizontal load as described above, force is generated due to the shaking of the movable floor drive weight 19 and the sudden acceleration of the movable floor 13 at the time of startup, and this force may interfere with the horizontal load, making detection of the horizontal load somewhat inaccurate.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, (a) slip resistance due to static friction and dynamic friction of shoe soles and flooring materials can be accurately and stably measured under a wide range of conditions;

(b) It is possible to know the sliding characteristics of the sole metal body.

It is possible to obtain excellent effects such as.

[Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the shoe sole/floor material slip tester according to the present invention with a part of the base frame cut away, and Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the embodiment. 3 is a partially sectional side view showing the shoe support shaft and foot last attachment in the embodiment, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a foot last for a shoe with a heel in the example, FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a foot last for a flat-soled shoe in the example, and FIG. An explanatory diagram showing the conditions during measurement. Figure 8 is a side view showing the principle of a conventional pendulum-type floor slip tester. Figure 9 shows the principle of a conventional test machine for evaluating the slippage of building materials. FIG. 13... Movable floor, 14... Wire, 15... Movable floor drive motor 1, 16... Drum, 17... Adjustment spring, 18... Rail, 23... Arm support frame , 24
... Fixed arm, 25 ... Cylindrical body, 26 ... Rotating shaft, 28 ... Horizontal load detection arm, 31 ... Horizontal load detection device, 32 ... Shoe support shaft, 35 ...・Vertical load detection device, 36... Shoes, 37... Foot type fixture, 38.
39... Foot last, 66... Loading arm, 68... Loading weight, 70... Roller, 72... Load control motor, 73... Drum, 74... Wire. Patent Applicant: Ministry of Labor, Industrial Safety Research Institute Director, Ikuo Dairo, Patent Attorney: Izumi Omori

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A movable floor movable in the horizontal direction, a movable floor drive device that moves the movable floor horizontally at a variable speed, and a shoe support means that can be raised and lowered to detachably support shoes. , vertical load applying means for grounding the shoe from above on the movable floor with a vertical load of a variable magnitude via the shoe support means; vertical load detecting means for detecting the vertical load acting on the shoe; A shoe sole/floor material slip tester comprising a horizontal load detection means for detecting a horizontal load acting on a shoe. 2. The shoe sole/floor material slip tester according to claim 1, wherein the movable floor driving device is capable of driving the movable floor via a spring.