JPH02185594A - Gasifier for high-temperature combustion of carbonaceou fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To prevent a cooling ring from being exposed to a high-temperature effluent flow and decrease distorsion of the cooling ring by heat by improving a structure of the cooling ring and a dipping pipe equipment of a gasification apparatus and making the cooling ring wet the dipping pipe.

CONSTITUTION: A high-temperature product, especially high-temperature gas, which is produced by burning a carbonaceous fuel in a gasification combustion chamber 12, flows downward for a throat part 23 through a guide passage 28 of a dipping pipe 24, and solid particles such as ashes or the like in the gas are removed from an outlet 46 into a lock hopper 47. Incidentally, a cooling ring 30 is isolated in a nearby section 32 and 33, and the suction section 32 is filled with cooling water and the cooling water flows through a connected passage at an upper saw-toothed edge of the dipping pipe 24 and overflows into a discharge section 33 and then flows along the inside 29 of a way 31 and the dipping pipe 24. Though about a half of the outside of the cooling ring 30 is contacted by high-temperature product gas and is exposed to a high temperature, the cooling water flows continuously in the discharge section 33, so the discharge section is kept at a low temperature and is not affected by heat stress because of the structure and the shape of an exposed surface of cooling ring 30.

COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of Application] The present invention relates to the process of gassing a carbonaceous fuel mixture at high temperatures to produce a hot effluent stream composed of at least one usable synthesis gas. The present invention relates to a gasification device that converts into gas.

The production of usable synthesis gas by combustion of carbonaceous fuel mixtures is most effective under conditions of high temperature and pressure. For example, to produce gas from carbonaceous fuels such as granulated coal, coke or oil, approximately 1
A preferred operating temperature range of 090-1650°C (below about 2000-3000°C) is maintained at a pressure of about 5-250°C. The severe operating conditions used in such manufacturing processes, particularly in the wide temperature variations encountered, cause large strains in many parts of the gasifier or reactor and its associated equipment.

The present invention seeks to improve the structure of the oxidation device, particularly the structure of the cooling ring and dip tube device. Because of their function, the cooling rings and dip tubes are susceptible to the most severe temperature conditions of the gasifier by contacting the produced/mixed gas or effluent stream as it exits the reaction chamber. It will be done.

[Conventional technology]

US rFMX No. 4,218+423, book m states:
An example of a cooling ring and dip tube that can be improved by using current construction is shown 1, U.S. Pat. No. 4,44
No. 4,726 W, p (shows the dip tube and cooling ring for the reaction vessel. In the latter, part of the cooling system of the gasifier is thermally insulated; Effective means may be provided to eliminate or reduce/minimize the deleterious effects that may result from good contact between the effluent gas and the cooling ring.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Among the problems caused by the high temperature conditions within the gasifier is the problem of thermal distortion that often occurs in the cooling ring through which the cooling water flows. These thermal distortions are a result of the close proximity of the cooling ring to the hot effluent stream.

That location is the location that requires cooling. The problems that commonly occur are in the form of cracks and fissures that occur primarily in areas of the cooling ring where sudden changes in temperature occur. In the latter case, physical and thermal strains are magnified, ultimately resulting in undesirable leakage of liquid coolant.

The object of the invention is to obtain an improved gasifier for producing usable synthesis gas, in which the dip tube is wetted by a cooling ring constituting an internal water circulation system.

Another object of the invention is to provide a liquid-passing cooling ring for a gasifier that is protected from exposure to the hot effluent stream generated by the gasification process by internal water circulation passages.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a cooling ring of the polar class that constitutes a highly efficient internal cooling system that reduces thermally induced distortions in the metal structure portion of the cooling ring.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to overcome these drawbacks in gasifiers of the above type, the present invention provides a gasifier cooling ring with internal water circulation passages. The internal water circulation passage is, in one embodiment of the invention, formed by an appendage extending from the inside of the cooling ring and surrounded by an external cover plate or closing plate to form a water distribution ring or water distribution manifold. Ru. The passages through which the coolant passes cover the entire inner tank of the distribution ring, the outer surface of which is exposed to the hot effluent stream, and which remains filled with coolant.

The coolant passages carry cooling water in rapid flow. The cooling water is discharged against the guide surface of the dip tube. This facilitates the flow of the effluent between the reaction chamber of the cassifier and the liquid bath.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous fuel mixture to produce a hot effluent stream containing residual slag and at least one useful synthesis gas. The reactor includes a reaction chamber for gasifying a fuel mixture.

The floor of the reaction chamber is shaped to allow draining of the liquefied slag.

A cooling chamber containing a water bath is located in the lower portion of the reaction chamber to receive and cool the hot effluent. A throat connecting the reaction chamber to the cooling chamber directs the flow of effluent into the dip tube. The dip tube conventionally forms a guide channel for guiding the effluent into the water bath.

An annular cooling ring within the gasifier includes a distribution ring.

The distribution ring is positioned above the dip tube in order to direct the flow of cooling water to the guide surface of the dip tube.

The cooling ring includes a body that forms a chamber or manifold that communicates with a source of pressurized water. The manifold opens into an adjacently positioned distribution ring. The distribution ring receives and circulates water through the annular coolant passage. Because the annular coolant passage is narrowed, the water flows through the coolant separate channel in order to stabilize and cool the external walls of the cooling ring that are exposed to the hot effluent.

The circulating water is then distributed against the guide surface of the dip tube that is in contact with the hot effluent stream.

Simply put, in order to achieve the above objectives, solid state,
A gasifier or reaction vessel is provided for gasifying the liquid or gaseous carbonaceous fuel mixture. The process of gasification by partial oxidation produces a hot effluent containing at least one useful synthesis gas and residual material, usually in the form of particulate ash when the fuel is a solid such as coal or coke. Generates logistics. The gasifier is housed within a thick-walled, upright steel shell positioned to form a descending flow of hot effluent containing produced synthesis gas.

A reaction chamber inside the shell receives a pressurized flow of fuel mixture through a fuel injected combustor. The fuel injected combustor communicates with a source of charcoal fuel and a source of gasifying support medium, such as oxygen or air, which constitutes a combustible mixture.

The gasified products or hot effluents generated inside the reaction chamber are discharged through the floor of the reaction chamber where they are cooled inside a liquid holding cooling chamber.

To facilitate the flow of hot effluent leaving the reaction chamber, a dip tube is positioned to direct the hot flow into the formation bath. The dip tube, which is generally oriented in a vertical position, is supported by a liquid-conducting cooling ring that directs the water flow along the exposed guide surface or effluent contact wall of the dip tube.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Referring first to FIG. 1, a gasifier or reactor vessel 10 to which the present invention pertains has an elongated steel shell 11. The gasifier is normally operated in the compatible position,
Forming a downward flow of produced material. Approximately 1090 to 1650°C (approximately 2000 to 3000 below) at the upper end of the shell 11
A reaction chamber 12 is provided that can withstand the expected high operating temperatures. The reaction chamber 12 is lined with a multilayer inner wall 13 . Preferably, the multi-layer inner wall is constructed of a fire-resistant material suitable for light.

A carbonaceous fuel mixture, such as granular coal or granular coke, from a carbonaceous fuel mixture source 16 is transferred to the internal VCI of the reaction chamber 12.
A combustor 14 for IA#J is removably mounted on the upper wall or roof of the shell 11.

A certain amount of gasification support medium is simultaneously supplied to the interior of the combustor 14 as part of the fuel mixture. .

The invention is equally applicable to gasifiers that burn various carbonaceous fuels in solid, liquid or gaseous form. To illustrate this example, the combustor 14 is a coke source 16.
Assume that you are connected to In this case, it is preferable to pre-crush the coke and add a sufficient amount of water to form a slurry of the desired density.7. The pressurized scum in oxidation source 17 is typically oxygen, air, or a mixture of both.

The lower end of the reaction chamber 12 is formed by a floor 18 of refractory material that slopes downwards. With this structure, turbid debris, especially liquefied effluent, can be efficiently discharged from the reaction chamber 12.

The lower end of the shell 11 surrounds a cooling chamber 19. The gasified products are pumped into the cooling chamber. Inside this cooling chamber, the solid and gaseous products come into contact and are injected into the liquid bath 21. Most conveniently, the liquid bath consists of water. The cooled gas then leaves the cooling chamber 21 and enters the separation region 26 from which it exits the gasifier through the tube 22 to the outside. The cooled gas can then be processed in downstream equipment and made usable. The solid components, ie, the slag components, in the effluent precipitate inside the liquid bath 21 and are discharged into the hopper 24 following the discharge port 23.

The reaction chamber 12 and the cooling chamber 19 are communicated via a restricted throat 27 formed in the floor 18 of the reaction chamber. In order to effectively contact the hot effluent with the liquid in the bath 21 as it exits the reaction chamber 12, the cooling chamber 19 is provided with a dip tube 29 as described above. The peak dip tube includes an upper edge 31 .

The dip tube 29 , whose upper end is located downstream of the restricted throat 27 , also includes a lower edge 32 terminating in the coolant bath 21 .

Refer now to FIG. The restricted throat 27 forms a guide channel. 1. Cooling of the slag and the gas produced by passing the high-temperature, high-pressure effluent through its guide passage allows the gas to be easily handled.
In particular, 1. : Ri is carried out. However, the high temperature effluent flows downstream of the throat 27.
It expands outwards as it leaves l and is directed l:9 at the exposed outer surface t of the wall of the cooling ring 33, which acts as a water distribution ring.

Functionally, the inner wall of the dip tube 29 provides a cylindrical guide surface for the downwardly flowing hot δM, which contains the gaseous and solid components that leave the throat 27 in a high velocity flow range. form. Cylindrical dip tube 2 to facilitate flow of effluent
When the inner wall or guide surface of 9 impinges on the guide surface one or more streams of pressurized water: ! !
7. The guide surface is wetted.

In one embodiment of the cooling ring 33, the cooling ring 33 is constituted by a metal ring 34. The annulus is secured to the lower support floor 15 of the combustion chamber 12 by a series of bolts 36. A reaction chamber floor 18, as shown, overhangs at least a portion of the cooling ring and extends inwardly a sufficient distance to prevent hot gases from directly impinging on that portion.

Said annulus 34 is shaped to form an internal annular manifold or chamber 37 for conveying cooling water. A plate 38 is provided on the underside of the ring body 34. The plate can be added to, removed from, or bathed in place, and can receive at least one riser 39. Preferably, plate 38 receives a plurality of risers. As shown in FIG. 1, riser 39 communicates via conduit 42 to a source of pressurized water 41. As shown in FIG.

A peripherally attached hub is provided on the inner wall or intermediate wall 43 of the ring body 34 . Its circumferential mounting is such that the upper end 31 of the cylindrical dip tube 29 is supportably secured to the hub. Along the outer surface of said intermediate wall 43 there is further provided an annular appendage consisting of a generally horizontal neck 44 . A compatible rim 46 extends from its neck 44 and defines an annular coolant circulation passageway 47 .

Additionally, the passages 4T cover and cool the entire contact surface 49 of the exposed wall of the cooling ring.

Depending from the exposed outer surface 51 of the annulus 34 is an effluent guide panel or cover 48 . The inner surface 49 of the cover 48 is narrow and separated from the appendages 44-46.
That is, a restricted annular coolant circulation passage 47 is formed.

The exposed surface 51 of the effluent guide panel 48 is suitably curved to facilitate the flow of hot effluent contacting the exposed surface 51 and to minimize disturbance to rapid downward flow. . In one embodiment, exposed surface 51
forms the upper part of the effluent guide stream. A generally circular portion of the underside of the exposed surface directs the downward flow of effluent into contact with the dip tube. As shown, the exposed surface 51 can be arcuate or semi-circular to facilitate flow of the effluent stream.

An outlet or expanded reservoir 52 is provided below the narrow coolant circulation channel 47 . Cooling water is injected into the outlet reservoir before exiting the coolant circulation passage through one or more outlets 53. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, openings 53,54 include narrow passageways formed between the downwardly extending edge of panel 48 and the downwardly extending edge of the surface of dip tube 29. To maintain the narrowed opening 53, the spacer can be positioned such that the opening does not close at certain times.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, coolant circulation passage 4 is restricted from cooling water from manifold 37 through which coolant flows.
One or more cross passages 56 are formed in intermediate wall 43 for flow to T. Preferably, the intersecting passages 56 extend from the upper portion of the annular manifold 37 into the upper portion of the coolant circulation passage 47. series of cross passages 5
6 are preferably arranged at equal intervals around the edge of the intermediate wall 43. These intersecting passages are formed into a series of passages which, by entering the coolant circulation passage 47 substantially perpendicularly to the wall of the coolant circulation passage 47, create a rapid swirling action before the flow descends at the outlet 53. It is more preferable to configure the structure so as to cause a flow of .

This configuration of cooling water flow from manifold 37 to outlet 53 has several advantages.

By arranging the cross passages 56 in this way without trenches,
The interior of the coolant circulation passage 47 is always filled with water. As a result, and because of the circular flow of cooling water in the cup, the cooling water overflows the rim 46 and contacts the cover 48 . Also,
Due to the more uniform and efficient cooling effect, calculation surface 51 is similarly cooled. The overall effect is that the exposed surface 51
Alternatively, cracks due to stress will not occur in any part of the cover 48.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the gasifier of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional perspective view of a portion of the cooling ring shown in FIG. 1 and provided with passages therein, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged sectional view taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2; 10... Gasifier, 11... Shell, 12... Reaction chamber, 19... Cooling chamber, 21... Bath, 23...
- Throat, 26.27...Edge, 28...Guide passage, 29...Inner wall, 30...Cooling ring, 34...
... Ring body, 37 ... Manifold, 38 ... Plate, 39 ... Riser 47 ... Coolant circulation passage, 48 ... Cover 49 ... Contact surface, 51...
...Exposed surface, 56...Cross passage.

Claims (1)

[Claims] a shell (11) having a reaction chamber (12) in which the carbonaceous fuel mixture is at least partially reacted at elevated temperature and elevated pressure;
a cooling chamber (19) within said shell (11) holding a liquid bath (21) for cooling the combustion products; and a reaction chamber (19), respectively.
12) and a cooling chamber (19); a restricted throat (27) communicating said combustion chamber (12) and said cooling chamber (19);
an elongated dip tube (24) having an inner wall (29) forming a flow guiding passageway (28) therebetween and opposing upper and lower edges (26, 27) and supportable at the upper end of the dip tube; a cooling ring (30) located in and communicating with a pressurized liquid coolant source (38); and a liquid coolant (30).
a discharge passage (31) in the cooling ring for discharging a flow of water along the inner wall (29) of the dip tube to wet the surface thereof;
In a gasifier for high temperature combustion of carbonaceous fuel to produce usable gas, the cooling ring (30)
for high-temperature combustion of carbonaceous fuels, characterized in that it has a curved outer surface positioned adjacent to the inner wall (29) of the dip tube to form part of said flow guiding passage (28). gasifier.