JPH02179588A - Wheel steering device for trailer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the following performance to the turn of a tractor and improve the starting-up performance in turn by suppressing the straight advance performance by steering the most front shaft side in the same steering direction to the tractor and steering the most rear shaft side in the reverse direction among the wheels which can be steered, in the title device for automatically steering the rear wheels. CONSTITUTION:When the fifth wheel 30 of a tractor T is joined with the king pin 12 of a trailer F, a shoe 29 is press-attached into a king-pin introducing groove by a buffering mechanism 28, and a rotary plate 26 can be revolved through the revolution of the fifth wheel 30 by the turn of the tractor T. Therefore, a cylindrical body 23 is turned through a lever 32, and link rods 39, 40, and 41 operate, and the wheel 8 of the first shaft 2 is revolved in the same direction to the tractor F. At the same time, the third and fourth wheels 10 and 11 are revolved in the reverse direction through a transmission lever 18 and the link rods 42 and 43. With this constitution, the following performance to the turn of the tractor can be improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a device for automatically steering the rear wheels of a trailer equipped with multiple axles according to the running state of the tractor.

<Conventional technology> Trailers, which are suitable for transporting large quantities or large objects, have been widely used in conjunction with the development of road networks due to their low transportation costs. A trailer with a multi-axle rear axle that can be rotated has a strong straight-through property, and therefore, when attempting to turn at high speed, it is difficult to smoothly follow the turning locus of the tractor. For this reason, there is a risk that the turning trajectory of the trailer will swell significantly, which also poses a problem in terms of traffic safety.

In order to solve this problem, for example,
As in the invention of the wheel steering device for a trailer shown in Publication No. 75, 1. The frontmost axle of the multi-axle rear axle of the trailer is rotatable in a horizontal plane relative to the other axles, a fulcrum is fixed to the vehicle body that moves along with the vehicle body as the vehicle turns, and the fulcrum and the frontmost axle are connected to each other. There is one in which these are connected by a link mechanism so that the frontmost shaft rotates in the same direction as the vehicle turns.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, the above-mentioned Utility Model No. 1 invention still has the following problems.

(1) The wheels on the front axle of the trailer try to rotate in the same direction as the trailer body as the car body turns, but the wheels on the remaining axles still remain straight and steer the front axle. The effect of

(2) Since the front axle is steered by the vehicle body of the trailer which turns following the turning of the tractor, it lags behind the ever-changing turning conditions of the tractor.

(3) Only the front-most axle follows the vehicle body and is steered in the direction of the vehicle's turn, so the turning movement necessary for high-speed turns (
So-called sharpness) is bad.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an axle steering device for a trailer that can directly follow the turning of a tractor by suppressing the straightness when the trailer turns, and has a good start-up of the turning movement. do.

Means for Solving the Problems> To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a trailer having a plurality of axles, in which at least one wheel on each of the front and rear axles is supported in a steerable manner. , the left and right steerable wheels are connected to a transmission lever rotatably supported on the vehicle body by a connecting rod, and a king pin is provided at the front end of the trailer so as to be able to rotate together with the fifth wheel of the tractor when traveling; and the transmission lever are connected by a connecting means via an equalizer, and in an enclosure.

Among the steerable wheels of the axle, the frontmost axle side is configured to be steered in the same steering direction as the tractor, and the rearmost axle side is configured to be steered in the opposite steering direction.

<Function> When the fifth wheel 30 of the tractor T is coupled to the kingpin 21 of the trailer F having the above configuration, the shoe 29 comes into pressure contact with the kingpin introduction groove 30a, so that the tractor T pulling the trailer F can For example, when turning to the left, the fifth shaft 30 rotates counterclockwise relative to the trailer F, causing the king pin 21 to rotate the equalizer 22 clockwise, and the equalizer 22 causes the connecting means 34 to rotate.
The left and right swinging arms 12 of the first shaft 2 both rotate counterclockwise via the shaft 2, thereby rotating the wheels 8 in the same direction.

As a result, the transmission lever 19 of the third shaft 4 rotates clockwise, and the connecting rod 14 is pushed and the rod 14# is pulled.

Also, a link rod 43 connected to the transmission lever 19
rotates the transmission lever 20 clockwise, and similarly rotates the axle 11 and axle 10 of the fourth axle 5 in the clockwise direction. Therefore, at the initial stage of the turn, the trailer F is made to have a good start-up of the turn. A so-called sharp turn is started, and as the turn continues, the rear part of the trailer F can be shaken slightly to make it travel smoothly following the trajectory of the axle of the tractor T.

<Embodiment> In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 1 is a trailer F.
The axle group includes four axles from the front axle 2 to the rear axle 5, all of which are attached to the body frame 6 of the trailer via a suspension device 7.

Of the axle group 1, the frontmost axle (hereinafter referred to as the first axle) 2, the rearmost axle (hereinafter referred to as the fourth axle) 5, and the axle just before the rearmost axle 5 (hereinafter referred to as the third axle) 4 have knuckles at their axle ends. (not shown), etc., and are each equipped with an axle 8.11.1o so as to be steerable.

The axle next to the first axle 2, the second axle 3, is a fixed axle, and the wheels 9 cannot be steered.

Reference numeral 12 denotes a swinging arm attached to the knuckle of the steerable axle 8, 10, 11, and connecting rods 13.13', 14.14-15.15' are connected to the left and right swinging arms 12 and 12, respectively.
while connecting one end of the connecting rod 13.13'
The other ends of 14.14' and 15.15' are respectively rotatably supported in the horizontal direction by a bracket 16 on a cross member 6a via a pin 17, and extend toward the inside of the vehicle with arms 18a,
18b, 19a, 19b and 20a are fixed to the central plate 18c, 19c, 20b of the protruding transmission lever 18, 19, 20.

On the other hand, an equalizer 22 is provided behind a king pin 21 provided on the lower surface of the front end of the trailer, and a cylindrical body 23 of the equalizer 22 is supported by a vertical shaft 24 so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction. The king pin 21 is supported in the middle by a rotating plate 26 which is rotatably supported by a support member 25 attached to the cross member 6b by rollers or the like.

installed. A shoe 29 equipped with a buffer mechanism 28 using a spring 27 is suspended near the outer periphery of the rotary plate 26 so as to be slidable in the radial direction, and as shown in FIG. The rotating plate 26 is engaged with the king pin introduction groove 30a of the fifth wheel 30, and together with the fifth wheel 30,
That is, it is configured to rotate the king pin 21.

31 is a slide shaft, one end of which is connected to the king pin 21.
It is connected via a pin 33 to the tip of a lever 32 which is fixed to the upper end so as to face in the direction of the vehicle center line of the trailer F when not turning, and the other end is slidable inside the cylindrical body 23 of the equalizer 22. is inserted into.

A lever 23a is integrally provided on the cylindrical body 23 in a direction perpendicular thereto, and the tip of the lever 23a and the transmission lever 18, 19, 20 are connected by a connecting means 34 as follows. . That is, the lever 23 of the cylindrical body 23
a and the upper lever 36 of the height adjustment member 35 provided on the center line of the vehicle body, between the lower lever 37 and the right arm 38a of the relay lever 38 similarly provided on the center line of the vehicle body, and the left arm 38b of the relay lever 38. and the left arm 18b of the transmission lever 18 of the first shaft, between the right arm 18a of the transmission lever 18 and the left arm 19b of the transmission lever 19 of the third shaft, and between the right arm 19a of the transmission lever 19 and the fourth shaft. Arm 20a of transmission lever 2o
and link rods 39.4 through pins 39, respectively.
0.41, 42 and 43.

In the connecting means 34, the right arm 18a of the transmission lever 18 of the first shaft 2 and the left arm 19b of the transmission lever 19 of the third shaft 4 are connected by the link rod 42 among the link rods 39 to 43. By this, the axle 8 of the first axle 2
and the third axis 4. The steering directions of the wheels 10 and 11 of the fourth shaft 5 are opposite to each other.

When the fifth shaft 30 of the tractor T is coupled to the kingpin 21 of the trailer F having the above configuration, the shoe 29 is pressed against the kingpin introduction groove 30a by the buffer mechanism 28, as shown in FIG. Ru. Therefore, when the tractor T pulling the trailer F turns to the left, for example, as shown in FIG.
By relatively rotating counterclockwise, the shoe 2
9, the rotating plate 26 is rotated clockwise. This causes the king pin 21 rotating in the same direction to rotate the cylindrical body 23 of the equalizer 22 clockwise around the vertical shaft 24 while pulling the slide shaft 31 via the lever 32. a, the link rod 39 is pulled, and then the link rod 40 is pulled via the height adjusting member 35.
is pulled, and then the force is reversed by the relay lever 38 to push the link rod 41 and rotate the transmission lever 18 counterclockwise in FIG. The rotation of the transmission lever 18 is
At the same time as the link rod 42 is pulled, the connecting rod 13 is pulled, and the same rod 13'' is pushed. Therefore, the left and right swing arms 12 of the first shaft 2 both rotate counterclockwise, and the axle 8 rotates in the same direction. .

On the other hand, as the link rod 42 is pulled to the left in FIG. 1, the transmission lever 19 of the third shaft 4 rotates clockwise, pushing the connecting rod 14 and pulling the rod 14'. Therefore, the left and right swing arms 12 of the third shaft 4 both rotate clockwise, and the wheels 10 rotate in the same direction.

Also, a link rod 43 connected to the transmission lever 19
is pushed to the right in FIG. 1 to rotate the transmission lever 20 clockwise, and similarly to the axle 11 and the axle 10 of the fourth shaft 5, the transmission lever 20 rotates clockwise.

Therefore, at the beginning of the turn, the trailer F starts to turn smoothly and starts a so-called sharp turn, and when the turn continues, the rear part of the trailer F swings slightly to smoothly follow the trajectory of the axle of the tractor T. It can be made to run as follows.

The above steering operation is transmitted in proportion to the turning state of the tractor, but the maximum amount of steering of the axle 8, 10, 11 is determined through experiments, taking into account the distance between the axes of the tractor trailer, etc.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, the king pin 21, shoe 29, equalizer 22, etc. are the same as in the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, but the shape of the transmission lever, the connecting means 34, etc. are changed as follows. This is what I did.

That is, the transmission lever 44 of the first shaft 2 has an arm 4 on one side in the middle.
It is a long lever with 4a, and its center portion is rotatably attached to the center line of the trailer body with a pin 45. Further, the transmission levers 46 and 47 of the third shaft 4 and the fourth shaft 5 each have a substantially L-shape, and are rotatably mounted by pins 48 and 49 with their bent portions placed on the center line of the vehicle body as described above. It is being

Each connecting rod 13.1 of the first shaft 2, third shaft 4, and fourth shaft 5
3'14.14' and 15.15' are respectively connected to one end of the transmission lever 44, 46, 47, and the arm 44a of the transmission lever 44, the other end of the transmission lever 46, and the other end of the transmission lever 46. and the other end of the transmission lever 47 are rotatably connected by link rods 50 and 51, respectively.

52 is an operating cylinder provided near the equalizer 22, and 53 is a passive cylinder provided near the other end of the transmission lever 44 of the first shaft 2. Both cylinders 52, 53 are connected by a pressure oil pipe 54, 55. connected. An accumulator 56, a correction pump 57, and an oil passage opening/closing valve 58 are connected to the pressure oil pipes 54 and 55.

The piston rod 52a of the actuation cylinder 52 is connected to the lever 23a of the cylindrical body 23 of the equalizer 22, and the lever 2 is rotated by the rotation of the cylindrical body 23 during turning.
The piston rod 52a is pushed and pulled through the piston rod 3a, and transmitted to the passive cylinder 53 through the pressure oil pipe 54 or 55.

The passive cylinder 53 is arranged toward the inside of the vehicle, and one end of its piston rod 53a is connected to the other end of the transmission lever 44. As a result, when the pressure oil generated by the operation of the actuation cylinder 52 is sent to the passive cylinder 53 via the pressure oil pipe 54, for example, the transmission lever 44 of the first shaft 2
The other end is pushed and the lever 44 rotates counterclockwise about the pin 45 in FIG. In addition, 59 in FIG. 6 is a cable that connects each piston rod 52a, 53a of the actuating cylinder 52 and passive cylinder 53, and is used to read the error in running angle between the fifth wheel side and the axle side. It is. If the error exceeds the allowable range, the steering angle of the pressure oil pipe 54 or 55 can be corrected by opening the oil passage opening/closing valve 58 and operating the correction pump 57.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 having the above configuration, if the fifth shaft 30 of the tractor T is connected to the king pin 21 of the trailer F, the shoe 2 is connected as shown in FIG.
9 is pressed into contact with the king pin introduction groove 30a by the buffer mechanism 28. Therefore, when the tractor T pulling the trailer F turns to the left, for example, as shown in FIG. The moving plate 26 rotates clockwise, which causes the king pin 21 to rotate in the same direction.
rotates the cylindrical body 23 of the equalizer 22 clockwise around the vertical shaft 24 while pulling the slide shaft 31 via the lever 32, so the piston rod 52a of the operating cylinder 52 is pushed by the L/A-23a. Therefore, the hydraulic pressure generated by the movement of the piston rod 52a passes through the pressure oil pipe 54 and enters the passive cylinder 53, causing the piston cylinder 53a to move downward in FIG.

As a result, the transmission lever 44 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 6 about the pin 45. The rotation of the transmission lever 44 simultaneously pulls the link rod 50 and simultaneously pulls the connecting rod 13 and pushes the rod 13'. Therefore, the left and right swing arms 12 of the first shaft 2 both rotate counterclockwise, and the axle 8 rotates in the same direction.

On the other hand, as the connecting rod 50 is pulled to the left in FIG. 6, the transmission lever 46 of the third shaft 4 rotates counterclockwise, pushing the connecting rod 14 and pulling the connecting rod 14'. Therefore, the left and right swing arms 12 of the third shaft 4 both rotate clockwise, and the axle 10 rotates in the same direction.

Also, a link rod 51 connected to the transmission lever 46
is pulled to the right in FIG. 6 to rotate the transmission lever 47 counterclockwise, and similarly to the axle 10, rotate the axle 11 of the fourth shaft 5 clockwise.

Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 as well, at the beginning of the turn, the trailer F makes a good start of the turn to start what is called a sharp turn, and when the turn continues, the rear part of the trailer F is slightly shaken. It is possible to make the tractor T travel so as to smoothly follow the trajectory of the axle of the tractor T.

(Effects of the Invention) In the trailer axle steering device of the present invention, the plurality of axles are supported such that at least one wheel of each of the front and rear axles of the axle on the trailer can be steered, and the left and right steering wheels are supported. A wheel that can be rotated is connected to a transmission lever rotatably supported on the fifth vehicle body by a connecting rod, and a king pin is provided at the front end of the trailer so that it can rotate together with the fifth wheel of the tractor when traveling, and a link between the king pin and the transmission lever is provided. are connected by a connecting means via an equalizer at one curve.

Of the steerable axles of the axle, the frontmost axle is configured to steer in the same direction as the tractor, and the rearmost axle is configured to steer in the opposite direction, so having multiple axles can reduce the load. It is possible to reduce the load by distributing the load and responding closely to the road surface conditions, and when the trailer turns, it is possible to suppress excessive straightness in trailers with multiple axles, and the fifth axle of the tractor By steering, it is possible to directly follow the ever-changing turning of the tractor, and furthermore, it is possible to provide an axle steering device for a trailer that has a good start-up of the turning movement.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view of the device, Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the same main part, Fig. 4 is a plan view of the main part, and Fig. 5 is the same operation. FIG. 6 is a plan view for explaining the operation of another embodiment. 1: Axle group, 2: Frontmost axis (first axis). 5; Rearmost shaft, 8.9.1o, 11; Axle, 12; Swing arm, 13.13'14,14'15.15'; Connecting rod, 18, 19, 20.44.46,47 Transmission lever 21; Kingpin. 22; Equalizer; 23; Cylindrical body. 26, rotating plate, 28; buffer mechanism, 29; shoe 30, fifth wheel, 31; slide shaft, 34; connecting means, 35
;Height adjustment member. 39.40.41.42, 43.50, 51; Link rod, 52; Working cylinder, 53; Passive cylinder. 54.55; Pressure oil pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a trailer having multiple axles, at least one wheel on each of the front and rear axles of the axles is supported so as to be steerable, and the left and right steerable wheels are rotatably supported on the vehicle body by a connecting rod. A king pin connected to the transmission lever is provided at the front end of the trailer so as to be rotatable together with the fifth wheel of the tractor during traveling, and the king pin and the transmission lever are connected by a connecting means via an equalizer, A trailer wheel steering device characterized in that among the steerable wheels of the axle, the frontmost axle side is configured to be steered in the same steering direction as the tractor, and the rearmost axle side is configured to be steered in the opposite steering direction.