JPH0217790B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement of a heat pump type air-conditioning/heating/water supply device.

Various proposals have been made to improve the hot water supply capacity of air conditioning and water heating systems that use a combination of a heat pump type air conditioning system and a hot water supply system, but in all of them, the capacity is limited because hot water is supplied only by the condensation heat of refrigerant gas. There was a drawback that there was a limit to the improvement of performance, and it was not possible to achieve a good improvement in performance.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a heat pump air-conditioning, heating, and water-heating system that has high heat exchange efficiency for hot water supply by utilizing the exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine that drives the heat-pump air-conditioning, heating, and water-heating system. This is the purpose.

Therefore, the present invention includes an internal heat engine 2 that drives a compressor 1, and interposes a water-cooling water heat exchanger 32 in the middle of a cooling water circulation path 30 of the internal heat engine 2.
A water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 is interposed in the middle of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 34 of the internal heat engine 2, and the compressor 1, the heat source side heat exchanger 5, the user side heat exchanger 7, and the expansion mechanism 9 , 12 and the air conditioning/heating switching valve 4 are connected to allow refrigerant circulation, and a refrigerant flow control mechanism is provided to connect the refrigerant circuit and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 to allow refrigerant circulation. The first tank 29, second tank 33, and third tank 36, which house the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, water-cooling water heat exchanger 32, and water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35, respectively, are connected to a hot water storage tank 48. The hot water storage tank 48 is connected in this order to enable water circulation.
A valve that branches from a connection path connecting the first tank 29 and the second tank 33 and forms a branch path connecting the second tank 33 and can selectively open and close the connection path and the branch path. Mechanisms 40 and 42 are provided to open the valve mechanisms 40 and 42 with respect to the connection path at least during operation to increase the amount of heat dissipated from the heat source side, such as during cooling operation of the heat pump type cooling/heating refrigerant circuit or during operation to increase the amount of hot water storage. , issues a first switching control signal to close the branch path, and when the heat radiation amount on the user side increases during heating operation etc., the valve mechanism 40;
42 for the connecting path and for generating a second switching control signal for opening the branching path; While forming a circulation circuit that circulates water in the order of the first tank 29, second tank 33, third tank 36, and hot water storage tank 48, the valve mechanism 40 according to the second switching control signal,
A heat pump type air-conditioning/heating water supply system is constructed in which a water circulation circuit is formed in the order of the second tank 33, third tank 36, and hot water storage tank 48 through the switching operation of 42, and heat is exchanged from a heat source with a low temperature level to a heat source with a high temperature level in order. The present invention aims to provide a heat pump type air-conditioning/heating/water supply device that can improve heat exchange efficiency and improve energy usage efficiency by using refrigerant system and engine exhaust heat as a heat source for hot water supply. .

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

The drawing is a system diagram of a heat pump type air-conditioning/heating/water supply device according to the present invention.

First, the heat pump circuit A will be described based on the same drawing. The heat pump circuit A includes a compressor 1, a first four-way switching valve 3 for switching between air conditioning and hot water supply, and a second four-way switching valve 4 for switching between cooling and heating. , a heat source side heat exchanger 5, a user side heat exchanger 7, and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 for hot water supply are arranged in a circular manner.

Next, the configuration of each of the above elements will be explained individually.

The compressor 1 is configured to be driven by an internal combustion engine 2.

In addition, the first four-way switching valve 3 is used during normal cooling operation, heating operation, and defrost operation, as shown by solid lines in the drawing, and during peak load of cooling and when hot water storage speed increases during cooling. is switched as shown by dotted lines in the drawing.

The second four-way switching valve 4 for switching between air conditioning and heating is operated in a cooling cycle by operating the valve 4 as indicated by the solid line, and the four-way switching valve 4 is operated as indicated by the dotted line. This results in a heating cycle operation.

The air-cooled heat source side heat exchanger 5 functions as an evaporator during heating and as a condenser during cooling, and an outdoor fan 6 is provided near the heat exchanger 5.

The user-side heat exchanger 7 functions as a condenser during heating and as an evaporator during cooling, and an indoor fan 8 is provided near the heat exchanger 7.

9 is an expansion mechanism exclusively used for cooling, and this expansion mechanism 9
A check valve 10 is connected in parallel with.

11 is a liquid receiver, 12 is an expansion mechanism exclusively for heating,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 are check valves,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 56, 5
7 is a solenoid valve, and among these solenoid valves 19 to 24, solenoid valve 21 is opened when the hot water storage speed increases during cooling, and solenoid valve 22 is opened during peak load of cooling. , solenoid valves 23 and 24 are opened during defrosting.

25 is an expansion mechanism, 26 is a header, and 27 is an accumulator. The water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 is housed in a tank 29 (the refrigerant condensation temperature is
50 to 60°C), and the heat pump circuit A is constructed by connecting each of the above-mentioned elements 1 to 28 in a closed loop as shown in the figure.

The configuration of the hot water supply circuit B combined with the heat pump circuit A will be described later, and next, the exhaust heat utilization system of the internal combustion engine 2 will be described.

30 is a cooling water circulation path for the internal combustion engine 2, and a pump 31 for engine cooling water circulation and a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 32 are interposed in the middle of this cooling water circulation path 30. is stored in a tank 33 for a water-cooling water heat exchanger. The pump 31 then pumps engine cooling water (approx.
80 to 95°C) is configured to constantly circulate in the direction of the solid arrow.

34 is an exhaust gas discharge pipe of the internal combustion engine 2, and a water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 is interposed in the middle of this exhaust gas discharge pipe 34, and this heat exchanger 35 is used as a water-exhaust gas heat exchanger. The internal combustion engine 2 is housed in a tank 36, and is configured to exchange heat with water in the tank 36 while exhaust gas (approximately 500 to 800°C) from the internal combustion engine 2 is exhausted in the direction of the solid line arrow.

Next, the configuration of the hot water supply circuit B combined with the heat pump circuit A and the internal combustion engine exhaust heat utilization system will be described.

The hot water supply circuit B includes a tank 29 for the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 for hot water supply, a tank 33 for the water-cooling water heat exchanger 32 installed downstream of the tank 29,
A tank 36 for the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 installed downstream of the tank 33 and a hot water storage tank 48 for hot water supply installed downstream of the tank 36 are arranged in a circular manner.

To explain the hot water supply circuit B in more detail, a water supply pipe 39 having a water supply pump 37 and a check valve 38 interposed therein has a branch pipe 41 having a solenoid valve 40 interposed therebetween, and a solenoid valve 42. branch pipe 43
The pipe end of one branch pipe 41 is made to communicate with the bottom of the tank 29, and the pipe end of the other branch pipe 43 is made to communicate with the bottom of the tank 33.

Further, a connecting pipe 45 with a check valve 44 interposed therebetween allows the upper part of the tank 29 and the bottom part of the tank 33 to communicate with each other, while a connecting pipe 46 connects the upper part of the tank 33 and the tank 33 to each other. 36 are communicated with each other.

Further, the pipe end of the hot water pipe 47 connected to the top of the tank 36 is connected to the hot water inlet 49 of the hot water storage tank 48, while the hot water outlet 50 connected to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 48 is connected to the hot water pump 51 via a hot water pump 51. The installed hot water supply pipe 52 is connected, and the pipe end of the hot water supply pipe 52 is connected to the port 53a of the three-way valve 53.
The other port 53b and the water supply pipe 39 are connected to the pipe 54.
Further, a hot water supply pipe 55 is connected to another port 53c of the three-way valve 53.

Therefore, during normal operation of air conditioning, peak load of cooling, and increase in hot water storage speed during cooling, one solenoid valve 40 is opened, the other solenoid valve 42 is closed, and the pumps 37 and 51 are driven. and water supply to each element 37, 38, 40, 29, 44, 33,
46, 36, 47, 49, 48, 50, 51, 5
Distribute in the order of 3. In other words, the supplied water is transferred to the heat source with the lowest temperature level in the order of the tank 29 for the hot water supply water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, the tank 33 for the water-cooling water heat exchanger 32, and the tank 36 for the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35. The heat source is then sequentially distributed to higher heat sources.

In addition, during heating operation, the pumps 37 and 51 are driven, and one solenoid valve 40 is closed and the other solenoid valve 42 is opened to supply water to each element 37,
38, 42, 33, 46, 36, 47, 49, 4
It is distributed in the order of 8, 50, 51, 53. That is, the feed water is passed through the tank 33 for the water-cooling water heat exchanger 32 and the tank 36 for the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 in order from a heat source with a low temperature level to a heat source with a high temperature level.

Furthermore, during defrosting, only one pump 51 is driven, one solenoid valve 40 is opened and the other solenoid valve 42 is closed, and water is supplied to each element 48, 50, 51, 53, 40, 29, 44, 3
3, 46, 36, 47, 49 in this order.
In other words, the water is transferred to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2 for hot water supply.
8, tank 33 for water-cooling water heat exchanger 32, and tank 36 for water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35. It is something.

The embodiment of the present invention is constructed as described above, and its operation will be explained below.

First, we will discuss the normal operation of the air conditioner.

During such operation, both the first and second four-way switching valves 3, 4 are operated as shown by solid lines.

Now, when the internal combustion engine 2 is driven at a normal rotational speed and the compressor 1 is operated, the gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor 1 and brought to high temperature and pressure flows through each of the four-way switching valves 3, as shown by solid line arrows in the drawing. 4, enters the heat source side heat exchanger 5 which acts as a condenser, where it is liquefied by heat exchange with outside air, and the liquefied liquid refrigerant is passed through the electromagnetic valve 56, the check valve 15, the header 26, and the liquid receiver. Vessel 1
1. The liquid refrigerant reaches the expansion mechanism 9 via the check valve 13 and the electromagnetic valve 20, where it is adiabatically expanded and becomes low pressure.The liquid refrigerant enters the user-side heat exchanger 7, which acts as an evaporator, and removes indoor heat. The refrigerant cools the room, is vaporized and becomes a gas refrigerant, and is sucked into the compressor 1 again via the electromagnetic valve 19, the second four-way switching valve 4, and the accumulator 27.

During normal operation of the air conditioner, engine cooling water is circulated through a cooling water circulation path 30 by the drive of a pump 31, and a water-cooling water heat exchanger 32 installed in the middle of the circulation path 30 cools the water in the tank 33. Heat is exchanged with

Furthermore, the exhaust gas generated by the operation of the internal combustion engine 2 is released through the exhaust gas release pipe 34, and the water provided in the middle of the release pipe 34 is
The exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 exchanges heat with water in the tank 36 .

Therefore, water is supplied through the electromagnetic valve 40, tank 29 and check valve 44 by driving the water supply pump 37.
The water that reaches the cooling water heat exchanger tank 33 is heated by the engine cooling water, and further heated by the exhaust gas in the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger tank 36 to become hot water, and this hot water is passed through the hot water pipes. The hot water is stored in a hot water storage tank 48 via 47.

Next, we will discuss the effects of cooling during peak load (maximum load).

During the peak load of cooling, the first four-way switching valve 3 is switched to the state shown by the dotted line, and the heat source side heat exchanger 5 is switched to the state shown by the dotted line.
A water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 is connected in series in front of the internal combustion engine 2, and the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 2 is increased compared to the normal rotational speed to drive the internal combustion engine 2 to rotate at high speed.

Now, when the internal combustion engine 2 is driven at a high speed and the compressor 1 is operated, the gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor 1 and brought to high temperature and high pressure is switched to the state shown by the dotted line in the first four-way switching valve. 3, the refrigerant reaches the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, where it exchanges heat with the hot water in the tank 29, making it possible to lower the condensation temperature. It enters the heat source side heat exchanger 5 that acts as a condenser through the valve 17, the solenoid valve 22, the first four-way switching valve 3, and the second four-way switching valve 4, where it is heat exchanged with outside air and liquefied,
In the following, the liquefied liquid refrigerant is heat-exchanged in the user-side heat exchanger 7 to cool the room in the same manner as during the normal operation of the air conditioner described above, but during the peak load of the air-conditioner, the heat source side heat exchange is performed. A water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 is connected in series in front of the compressor 5, and the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 exchanges heat with the hot water in the tank 29 to condense and reduce the condensation temperature. In addition, since the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 2 is increased, the cooling capacity can be increased and the maximum load can be sufficiently handled.

Even during the peak load of the air conditioner, the water in the hot water supply system is heated by exchanging heat from the low heat source to the high heat source in the same way as described above. Heat exchange takes place. In other words, the water is supplied to the tank 29 for the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 for hot water supply, the tank 33 for the water-cooling water heat exchanger 32, and the tank 36 for the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 in order of temperature levels. Heat is exchanged in this order by flowing from a low heat source to a high heat source.

Next, we will discuss the effect when the hot water storage rate increases during cooling.

When the hot water storage speed for cooling increases, the first four-way switching valve 3 is operated as shown by the dotted line, and the second four-way switching valve 4 is operated as shown by the dotted line.
is operated as shown by the solid line, and the solenoid valves 19 and 2 are operated as shown in the solid line.
0,21 is opened.

Now, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 passes through the first four-way switching valve 3, which has been switched to the state shown by the dotted line, and reaches the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, where it is transferred to the hot water in the tank 29. After further heating, check valve 16, solenoid valve 21, liquid receiver 11, check valve 1
3, the electromagnetic valve 20, the expansion mechanism 9, the utilization side heat exchanger 7, the electromagnetic valve 19, the second four-way switching valve 4, and the accumulator 27 in this order, and are sucked into the compressor 1 again.

In this manner, when the hot water storage rate increases during cooling, the high temperature, high pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 passes through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and the hot water supply water in the tank 29 is heated by the heat of condensation of the refrigerant, so that the hot water is stored. Furthermore, since the hot water supply water is further heated by the exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine 2, the hot water storage speed can be further increased.

Even when the hot water storage speed increases, the water supply is carried out between the water for hot water supply, the tank 29 for the refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and the water supply for the refrigerant heat exchanger 28.
The heat source flows in the order of the tank 33 for the cooling water heat exchanger 32 and the tank 36 for the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 from a heat source with a low temperature level to a heat source with a high temperature level,
Heat exchange is performed in this order.

Next, we will discuss the effects during heating operation.

During such heating operation, the first four-way switching valve 3 is operated as shown by the solid line, and the second four-way switching valve 4 is operated as shown by the dotted line.

Now, when the internal combustion engine 2 is driven at a normal rotational speed and the compressor 1 is operated, the gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor 1 and brought to high temperature and pressure flows through each of the four-way switching valves 3 and 4 as shown by dotted line arrows in the drawing. Each port and solenoid valve 19
The liquefied liquid refrigerant enters the user-side heat exchanger 7 which acts as a condenser, where it radiates heat and exchanges heat with the indoor air to heat the room.The liquefied liquid refrigerant passes through the check valve 10, solenoid valve 20, and check valve 14, header 26 and liquid receiver 1
1, the liquid refrigerant reaches the expansion mechanism 12, where it is adiabatically expanded and has a low pressure.The liquid refrigerant enters the heat source side heat exchanger 5, which acts as an evaporator, where it is heat exchanged and vaporized.
The vaporized gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 1 again via the second four-way switching valve 4 and the accumulator 27.

During such heating operation, one solenoid valve 4 in the hot water supply system
2 is opened, and the other solenoid valve 40 is closed, and hot water is not circulated into the tank 29.
3. The water-exhaust gas heat exchanger tank 36, hot water storage tank 48, pump 51, and three-way valve 53 are circulated in this order from a low heat source to a high heat source, and the hot water is heated using engine exhaust heat. It is.

In short, in any case, hot water is passed from a heat source with a low temperature level to a heat source with a high temperature level, and heat is exchanged in this order, so that the heat exchange efficiency is high.

Furthermore, since the refrigerant system and engine exhaust heat are used as heat sources for hot water supply, energy utilization efficiency can be improved.

Note that the hot water supply circuit B includes each tank 29, 33,
36 and 48 are arranged in a circular manner, when the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 48 decreases, for example, when the hot water storage tank 48 is full and the hot water temperature is low, the hot water is transferred to the water-cooling water heat exchanger 32. It goes without saying that reheating can be performed by circulating the heat sources in order from the heat source with the lower temperature level to the heat source with the higher temperature level in the tank 33 for the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 and the tank 36 for the water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35.

As described in detail above, the present invention includes an internal heat engine 2 that drives a compressor 1, and a water-cooling water heat exchanger 32 is interposed in the middle of the cooling water circulation path 30 of the internal heat engine 2. A water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 is interposed in the middle of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 34 of the internal heat engine 2, and the compressor 1, the heat source side heat exchanger 5, the user side heat exchanger 7, and the expansion mechanism 9 , 12 and heating/cooling switching valve 4
A refrigerant circulation control mechanism for connecting the refrigerant circuit and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 so that the refrigerant can circulate is interposed in a heat pump type air-conditioning refrigerant circuit formed by connecting the refrigerant circuits so that the refrigerant can circulate. Exchanger 28, water-cooling water heat exchanger 32, water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 3
5, a first tank 29, a second tank 33, and a third tank 36 each housing a hot water storage tank 48 are connected to the hot water storage tank 48 in this order so that water can be circulated therein, and further the connection path connects the hot water storage tank 48 and the first tank 29. Valve mechanisms 40, 4 which form a branch path that branches from the second tank 33 and which can selectively open and close the connecting path and the branch path.
2, the valve mechanisms 40 and 42 are provided at least when the heat source side is operated to increase the amount of heat dissipated, such as during cooling operation of the heat pump type cooling/heating refrigerant circuit or during operation to increase the amount of hot water storage.
A first switching control signal is issued to cause the connecting path to open and to close the branch path, and when the user-side heat radiation amount increases during heating operation, the valve mechanisms 40 and 42 close to the connecting path. and a control means for issuing a second switching control signal that causes the branch path to open.
First tank 29, second tank 33, third tank 3
6. While forming a circulation circuit that circulates water in the hot water storage tank 48 in this order, the switching operation of the valve mechanisms 40 and 42 by the second switching control signal causes the second tank 33 and the third
The heat pump type air-conditioning/heating hot water supply system is configured such that a water circulation circuit is formed in the order of the tank 36 and the hot water storage tank 48, and is designed to exchange heat from a heat source with a low temperature level to a heat source with a high temperature level in order. This has the effect of increasing exchange efficiency.

Furthermore, since the exhaust heat of the refrigerant system is effectively used in the tank 29, the exhaust heat of the engine is used in the tank 36, and the exhaust heat of the engine cooling water is effectively used as a heat source for hot water supply in the tank 33, energy usage efficiency is improved. This has the effect of making it possible to achieve this goal.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing is a system diagram of a heat pump type air-conditioning/heating/water supply device according to the present invention. 1...Compressor, 2...Internal combustion engine, 3...Air conditioner-
First four-way switching valve for switching hot water supply, 4... Second four-way switching valve for switching heating and cooling, 5... Heat source side heat exchanger, 7
... User-side heat exchanger, 28 ... Water-refrigerant heat exchanger, 29 ... Tank for water-refrigerant heat exchanger, 32 ...
...Water-cooling water heat exchanger, 33...Tank for water-cooling water heat exchanger, 35...Water-exhaust gas heat exchanger,
36... Tank for water-exhaust gas heat exchanger, 48...
...Hot water storage tank, A...Heat pump circuit, B...
hot water circuit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 An internal heat engine 2 that drives a compressor 1 is provided, a water-cooling water heat exchanger 32 is interposed in the middle of a cooling water circulation path 30 of the internal heat engine 2, and the internal heat engine 2
A water-exhaust gas heat exchanger 35 is interposed in the middle of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 34 of
and a refrigerant circulation control mechanism for connecting the refrigerant circuit and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 so that the refrigerant can flow, is interposed in a heat pump type cooling and heating refrigerant circuit formed by connecting the air conditioning switching valve 4 so that the refrigerant can circulate, These water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, water-cooling water heat exchanger 32, water-
A first tank 29, a second tank 33, and a third tank 36, each housing an exhaust gas heat exchanger 35, are connected in this order to a hot water storage tank 48 so that water can be circulated, and the hot water storage tank 48 and the first tank 29 are connected in this order so that water can be circulated.
The second tank 33 is branched from the connection road connecting the
Valve mechanisms 40 and 42 are provided to form a branch path connecting the connection path and the branch path, and to selectively open and close the connection path and the branch path, during cooling operation of the heat pump air-conditioning refrigerant circuit, A first valve mechanism for operating the valve mechanisms 40 and 42 to open the connection path and close the branch path at least during an operation to increase the amount of heat dissipation on the heat source side, such as during an operation to increase the amount of hot water stored.
A control means for emitting a switching control signal, and generating a second switching control signal for causing the valve mechanisms 40 and 42 to close the connection path and open the branch path when the heat radiation amount on the user side increases such as during heating operation. and a valve mechanism 40, 4 according to the first switching control signal.
The switching operation in step 2 forms a circulation circuit that circulates water in the order of the first tank 29, second tank 33, third tank 36, and hot water tank 48, while the switching operation of the valve mechanisms 40 and 42 by the second switching control signal Second tank 33, third tank 36, hot water storage tank 48
A heat pump type air-conditioning/heating and hot water supply device characterized in that a water circulation circuit is formed in this order.