JPH02157544A - Cooling and heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable cooling and heating operations to be carried out through a natural circulation and provide a small-sized heat exchanger as well as a small-sized refrigerant pipe by a method wherein a discrete air conditioner arranged at each of floors is provided with a main heat exchanger and an auxiliary heat exchanger, and the auxiliary liquid pipe, auxiliary gas pipe and an auxiliary heat exchanger are communicated to each other in parallel and connected to each other. CONSTITUTION:In case of a cooling operation mode mainly performing a cooling operation, only a solenoid valve 26a and a solenoid valve 26e are opened, refrigerant is circulated and flowed through a cooling condensor 3, a cooling main liquid pipe 14, a main liquid pipe 14, a main liquid pipe 11 and a discrete air conditioner 8, a main heat exchanger 6, a main gas pipe 13, a cooling main gas pipe 16 and a cooling condensor 3 so as to perform a cooling operation. During an intermediate period when both a room requiring a cooling operation and another room requiring a heating operation are present, the solenoid valve 26d and the solenoid valve 26h are kept opened to change-over it to an operation mode of the intermediate period and then a part of the refrigerant is circulated through a heating evaporator 17, a heating main gas pipe 20, an auxiliary gas pipe 25, a discrete air conditioner 8 and then each of the auxiliary heat exchanger 7, an auxiliary liquid pipe 23, a heating main liquid pipe 18 and a heating evaporator 17, respectively to perform also a heating operation.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Applications> The present invention provides cooling and cooling in buildings etc. by flowing a cooling refrigerant or a heating refrigerant through the heat exchanger of an individual air conditioner installed in each room on each floor. The present invention relates to a heating and cooling system configured to perform both heating and heating.

<Conventional technology> In conventional air conditioning systems of this type, individual air conditioners installed in each room on each floor are equipped with a cooling heat exchanger and a heating heat exchanger; On the other hand, a cooling unit equipped with a cooling condenser and a compressor is connected via a cooling refrigerant pipe, and a cooling unit equipped with a heating evaporator and a compressor is connected to the heating heat exchanger. are connected via heating refrigerant piping, and cooling operation is performed by forcibly circulating the cooling refrigerant across the cooling condenser and cooling heat exchanger. It was configured to perform heating operation by forcibly circulating heating refrigerant across the exchanger.

However, in order to force the cooling refrigerant to flow through a large number of heat exchangers during high-load cooling operations, a compressor with a large capacity is required, which increases not only equipment costs but also operational costs. The disadvantage was that the power cost increased, making it uneconomical.

Therefore, a cooling condenser is installed on a tower such as the roof of a building, a heating evaporator is installed in the basement of the building, and the cooling condenser is connected to the cooling refrigerant piping and the cooling heat exchanger. On the other hand, the cooling refrigerant is configured to flow through the heating evaporator, the heating refrigerant piping, and the heating heat exchanger in a sealed state, respectively;
As a cooling refrigerant, a refrigerant whose phase changes from liquid to vapor as a result of heat exchange in a cooling heat exchanger is used, and the cooling mll1! There is a head difference between the refrigerant and the cooling heat exchanger that is sufficient to transfer the phase-changed refrigerant to the cooling heat exchanger. In addition to using a refrigerant that changes phase from vapor to liquid as the temperature increases, a sufficient head difference is created between the heating evaporator and the heating heat exchanger to transfer the refrigerant that has changed phase to liquid to the heating evaporator. A system has been developed in which both the cooling refrigerant and the heating refrigerant are configured to naturally circulate.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, in both the conventional example described above and the conventional example developed, dedicated heat exchangers and refrigerant piping are required for cooling and heating, and cooling For heat exchangers and refrigerant piping for air conditioning, install one with a capacity that matches the peak of the cooling load.On the other hand, for the heat exchanger and refrigerant piping for heating, install one that has a capacity that matches the peak of the heating load. As a result, each exchanger becomes large, and both refrigerant pipes each require large diameter pipes, resulting in high initial cost.

The present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and it is possible to perform both cooling and heating at low power costs through natural circulation, while reducing the size of the heat exchanger and refrigerant piping, and reducing the initial cost. The purpose is to reduce costs.

<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the heating and cooling system of the present invention includes a main heat exchanger and an auxiliary heat exchanger for each individual air conditioner provided on each floor. , each of the main heat exchangers is connected in parallel to the main liquid pipe and the main gas pipe,
A cooling condenser is connected to the main liquid pipe via a main liquid pipe for cooling, and a heating evaporator is connected to the main liquid pipe for heating, and a main gas pipe for cooling is connected to the main gas pipe. The cooling condenser is connected in communication with the heating evaporator through the heating main gas piping, and the auxiliary heat exchangers are connected in parallel with the auxiliary liquid piping and the auxiliary gas piping. , connecting the auxiliary liquid pipe to each of the main liquid pipe for cooling and the main liquid pipe for heating;
A cooling operation mode in which the auxiliary gas piping is connected to each of the main gas piping for cooling and the main gas piping for heating, and only the cooling condenser is connected in communication to the main liquid piping and the main gas piping; An operation mode switching mechanism is provided for switching to a heating operation mode in which only the heating evaporator is connected in communication, and a refrigerant is hermetically sealed from each of the cooling condenser and heating evaporator to the main heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat exchanger. The refrigerant is configured to be able to circulate and flow in the heating operation mode, and as the refrigerant, the phase changes from liquid to vapor as a result of heat exchange in the main heat exchanger in the cooling operation mode, and also in the heating operation mode in the main heat exchanger. Using a refrigerant that changes phase from vapor to liquid as heat is exchanged,
A head difference is provided between the cooling condenser and the main heat exchanger that is sufficient to transfer the refrigerant whose phase has changed to a liquid to the heat exchanger, and a head difference between the main heat exchanger and the heating evaporator is provided. In between, there is a sufficient head difference to transfer the refrigerant whose phase has changed to liquid to the heating evaporator.

According to the above configuration, by switching the operation mode switching mechanism, a cooling operation mode mainly for cooling and a heating operation mode mainly for heating are obtained, and the heating and cooling operation suitable for each season can be performed as follows. It can be done by

■Cooling operation mode mainly for cooling Refrigerant: Cooling condenser → Cooling main liquid piping → Main liquid piping → Main heat exchanger of each individual air conditioner → Main gas piping → Cooling main gas piping → Cooling condenser Cooling can be achieved by circulating the fluid.

During the interim period, if there are rooms that require both cooling and heating, a portion of the refrigerant is transferred from the heating evaporator to the heating main gas piping to the auxiliary gas piping. Heating can also be performed by circulating the fluid through the auxiliary heat exchanger of each individual air conditioner → auxiliary liquid piping → main heating liquid piping → heating evaporator.

■Heating operation mode mainly for heating Refrigerant heating evaporator → main gas piping for heating → main gas piping → main heat exchanger of each individual air conditioner → main liquid piping → main liquid piping for heating → evaporator for heating And cycle 1! Heating can be performed by moving the Jfi.

During the interim period, if cooling is also required, some of the refrigerant is transferred to the cooling condenser → cooling main liquid piping → auxiliary liquid piping → auxiliary heat exchanger for each individual air conditioner → auxiliary gas Cooling can also be performed by circulating the flow from piping to cooling main gas piping to cooling condenser.

<Example> Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall system configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a heating and cooling system according to the present invention.

In this figure, A is a heat source installed on the roof of building B, which is composed of an ice maker 1 that produces fine ice and a heat storage tank 2 that supplies and stores the fine ice obtained by the water maker IT. It is configured.

A cooling condenser 3 is installed inside the tower on the roof of building B, and the cooling condenser 3 and the heat storage tank 2 are connected through a circulation pump 4 to cool the cold water stored in the heat storage tank 2. It is configured to circulate and supply the water to the condenser 3 for use.

On the other hand, in each room of each floor F of building B, etc.
A separate air conditioner 8 with a blower fan 5, a main heat exchanger 6 and an auxiliary heat exchanger 7 is provided.

Each of the main heat exchangers 6 is connected in parallel to the main liquid pipe 11 via a header 9 and a solenoid valve 10, and is also connected in parallel to the main gas pipe 13 via a header 12. There is.

A cooling condenser 3 is connected to the main liquid pipe 11 via a cooling main liquid pipe 14 and a cooling liquid receiver 15 .

On the other hand, a cooling condenser 3 is connected to the main gas pipe 13 via a main gas pipe 16 for cooling.

A heating evaporator 17 is installed in a basement or the like of building B, and the heating evaporator 17 and main liquid pipe 11 are connected to each other via a heating main liquid pipe 18 and a heating liquid receiver 19. . In addition, the heating evaporator 17 and the main gas pipe 13 are
They are connected via a heating main gas pipe 20.

Each of the auxiliary heat exchangers 7 is connected in parallel to an auxiliary liquid pipe 23 via a header 21 and a solenoid valve 22, and is also connected in parallel to an auxiliary gas pipe 25 via a header 24. It's true.

The auxiliary liquid pipe 23 is connected in communication with the main liquid pipe 14 for cooling and the main liquid pipe 18 for heating, and the auxiliary gas pipe 25 is connected in communication with the main gas pipe 16 for cooling and the main gas pipe 20 for heating, respectively. has been done.

At the connection point between the cooling main liquid pipe 14 and the auxiliary liquid pipe 23, a first electromagnetic valve 26a is provided on the cooling main liquid pipe 14 side.
A second electromagnetic valve 26b is provided on the side of the auxiliary liquid pipe 23, respectively.

At the connection point between the heating main liquid pipe 18 and the auxiliary liquid pipe 23, a third solenoid valve 26c is provided on the heating main liquid pipe 18 side.
A fourth electromagnetic valve 26d is interposed on the auxiliary liquid pipe 23 side.

A fifth electromagnetic valve 26 is installed on the cooling main gas pipe 16 side at the connection point between the cooling main gas pipe 16 and the auxiliary gas pipe 25.
e, and a sixth solenoid valve 26 on the auxiliary gas pipe 25 side.
At the connection point between the heating main gas piping 20 and the auxiliary gas piping 25, a seventh solenoid valve 26g is installed on the heating main gas piping 20 side, and a seventh solenoid valve 26g is installed on the auxiliary gas piping 25 side. Eight solenoid valves 26h are interposed, respectively.

The first to eighth solenoid valves 26a, 26b26c, 2
6d, 26e, 26f, 26g, and 26h connect the cooling condenser 3 to the main liquid pipe 11 and the main gas pipe 13.
Cooling operation mode and heating evaporator 17 that connect only
switching to a heating operation mode in which only the main gas pipe for heating is connected in communication with the auxiliary gas pipe 25, and in the cooling operation mode, the main liquid pipe for heating 18 is connected in communication with the auxiliary liquid pipe 23, and the main gas pipe for heating 20 is connected in communication with the auxiliary gas pipe 25. Or, in the heating operation mode, the cooling main liquid pipe 14 is connected to the auxiliary liquid pipe 23.
An operation mode switching mechanism is configured to switch to an intermediate operation mode in which the cooling main gas pipe 1G is connected to the auxiliary gas pipe 25 in communication with the cooling main gas pipe 25.

Each of the aforementioned liquid piping 11, 14.1B, 23, each gas piping 1
3, 16, 20, 25, the cooling condenser 3 and the heating evaporator 17 undergo a phase change from liquid to vapor as a result of heat exchange in the main heat exchanger 6 in the cooling operation mode, and also in the heating operation mode. A refrigerant whose phase changes from vapor to liquid as heat is exchanged in the heat exchanger 6 is sealed in a sealed state.

The cooling liquid receiver 15 and the cooling condenser 3 are installed at a higher position than the main heat exchanger 6 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7, respectively. The refrigerant whose phase has changed from vapor to liquid is transferred to the main heat exchanger 6...
and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7... are supplied downstream, and the main heat exchanger 6... and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7...
... A sufficient head difference is provided for the refrigerant whose phase has changed from liquid to vapor due to heat exchange in each to rise and return to the cooling condenser 3, and in the cooling operation mode and the intermediate operation mode, Due to the phase change between vapor and liquid, the refrigerant is configured to naturally flow between the cooling condenser 3 and the main heat exchanger 6 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7. There is.

The heating liquid receiver 19 and the heating evaporator 17 are installed at a lower position than the main heat exchanger 6 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7, respectively, and the evaporation in the heating evaporator 17 causes The refrigerant whose phase has changed from liquid to vapor rises and is supplied to the main heat exchanger 6... and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7, respectively, and the main heat exchanger 6... and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7... A sufficient head difference is provided for the refrigerant whose phase has changed from vapor to liquid due to heat exchange in each to flow down and return to the heating evaporator 17, and the heating operation mode and the intermediate period operation mode are provided. , the refrigerant is configured to naturally circulate and flow between the heating evaporator 17 and the main heat exchanger 6 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 7 due to a phase change between vapor and liquid. has been done.

Freon gas R-22 is used as the refrigerant. This has the advantage that it contains hydrogen and chlorine and is decomposed by anti-fL groups, so there is no risk of destroying the ozone layer.

Each of the electromagnetic valves 10..., 22... is configured to be able to control the flow rate from a fully open state to a fully closed state, and is configured to be able to control the flow rate from a fully open state to a fully closed state. The amount of refrigerant liquid inflow can be adjusted.

With the above configuration, heating and cooling can be performed in the following various operation modes. In addition, in FIG. 2, the black solenoid valves are shown to be in the open state.

■ Cooling operation mode mainly based on cooling As shown in FIG. Liquid piping 14 → Main liquid piping 11 →
Cooling can also be performed by circulating the air in the following order: main heat exchanger 6 of each individual air conditioner 8 → main gas pipe 13 → cooling main gas pipe 16 → cooling condenser 3.

In the intermediate period, if there are both rooms that require cooling and rooms that require heating, as shown in FIG. 2(b), the fourth solenoid valve 26d and 8th
The solenoid valve 26h is opened to switch to the intermediate operation mode, and a portion of the refrigerant is supplied to each of the heating evaporator 17 → main gas piping 20 → auxiliary gas piping 25 → individual air conditioner 8. Auxiliary heat exchanger IQ device 7
→ Auxiliary liquid piping 23 → Main liquid piping 18 for heating → Evaporator for heating 17 By causing the Wiff to flow, heating can also be performed.

In addition, during the cooling operation, with the operation mode switched to the intermediate operation mode, the opening degree of the weight #22 provided at the refrigerant liquid outlet to the auxiliary heat exchanger 7 is made small, and the main heat exchanger 6
The cold air obtained in step 1 may be slightly heated by the auxiliary heat exchanger IQ device 7 to dehumidify it.

■ Heating operation mode mainly for heating As shown in Figure 2 (c), only the third solenoid valve 26c and the seventh solenoid valve 26g are opened, and the refrigerant is transferred from the heating evaporator 2117 to the heating main gas. Heating can be performed by circulating the gas in the following order: piping 20 → main gas piping 13 → main heat exchanger 6 of each individual air conditioner 8 → main liquid piping 11 → heating main liquid piping 18 → heating evaporator 17.

In the intermediate period, if there are both rooms that require cooling and rooms that require heating in the heating operation mode, the second solenoid valve 26 (not shown) is added.
b and the sixth electric 6n valve 26f are opened to switch to the intermediate operation mode, and a part of the refrigerant is transferred from the cooling condenser 3 to the cooling main liquid pipe 14 to the auxiliary liquid pipe 23.
→ Auxiliary heat exchanger 7 of each individual air conditioner 8 → Auxiliary gas piping 25 → Main gas piping 16 for cooling → IjllI for cooling
Cooling can also be performed by circulating the fluid with the I container 3.

As the heat IA in the above embodiment, an absorption refrigerating machine is used, and cold water, low-temperature refrigerant, etc. from the absorption refrigerating machine are supplied to the cooling condenser 3, or,
Various configurations can be adopted, such as a configuration in which cold water obtained by a district heating and cooling system is supplied to the cooling condenser 3.

<Effects of the Invention> According to the air conditioning system of the present invention, by switching the operation mode switching mechanism, the main operation of either cooling or heating can be switched between the main liquid piping and the individual air conditioner. This is done by flowing refrigerant through the main heat exchanger and main gas piping of the auxiliary gas piping and individual air conditioners, while heating or cooling operations that do not require much heat load in the intermediate period are carried out through the auxiliary heat exchanger of the auxiliary gas piping and the individual air conditioners. This is done by flowing the refrigerant through the exchanger and auxiliary liquid piping, so the main liquid piping for cooling, the main gas piping for cooling, the main liquid piping for heating, the main gas piping for heating, the main liquid piping, the main heat exchanger, and the main Although the size of each gas pipe is configured to match the peak of the higher of the cooling load and heating load, the auxiliary gas pipe,
The auxiliary heat exchanger and the auxiliary liquid piping can each be configured to suit the small load during the intermediate period, and each of a large number of individual air conditioners only needs to be equipped with an auxiliary heat exchanger with a small capacity. The long auxiliary gas piping and auxiliary liquid piping that run from the top floor to the bottom floor where the air conditioner is installed can be constructed with small diameter piping, allowing both cooling and heating to be performed with natural circulation, reducing power costs. , the heat exchanger provided in the individual air conditioner and the refrigerant piping connected thereto can be constructed compactly and inexpensively, making it possible to significantly reduce the initial cost.

In particular, when constructing a heating and cooling system for a place such as a high-rise building where there are many individual air conditioners and where the air conditioners are installed on multiple floors, the construction cost can be significantly reduced, making it extremely useful.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the heating and cooling system according to the present invention,
FIG. 1 is an overall system configuration diagram, and FIG. 2 is a schematic system configuration diagram explaining each operation mode. 3... Cooling condenser 6... Main heat exchanger 7... Auxiliary heat exchanger 8... Individual air conditioner 1... Main liquid piping 3... Main gas piping 4... Main liquid piping for cooling 6... Main gas piping for cooling 7... Evaporator for heating 8... Main liquid piping for heating 0... Main gas piping for heating 3... Auxiliary liquid piping 5...・Auxiliary gas piping F...each floor

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Each individual air conditioner installed on each floor is equipped with a main heat exchanger and an auxiliary heat exchanger, each of the main heat exchangers is connected in parallel to the main liquid piping and the main gas piping, and the A cooling condenser is connected to the main liquid piping via the cooling main liquid piping.
The heating evaporators are connected through the heating main liquid piping, and the cooling condenser is connected to the main gas piping via the cooling main gas piping, and the heating evaporator is connected to the heating main gas piping through the heating main gas piping. the auxiliary heat exchangers are connected in parallel to the auxiliary liquid piping and the auxiliary gas piping, and the auxiliary liquid piping is connected to the cooling main liquid piping and the heating main liquid piping, respectively. At the same time, the auxiliary gas pipe is connected in communication with each of the main gas pipe for cooling and the main gas pipe for heating, and only the cooling condenser is connected in communication with the main liquid pipe and the main gas pipe. An operation mode switching mechanism is provided for switching between a cooling operation mode and a heating operation mode in which only the heating evaporator is connected, and the cooling condenser and heating evaporator are connected to the main heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat exchanger, respectively. Each refrigerant is configured to be able to circulate and flow in a sealed state, and as the refrigerant, the phase changes from liquid to vapor in accordance with heat exchange in the main heat exchanger in the cooling operation mode, and the main heat exchanger in the heating operation mode. A refrigerant whose phase changes from vapor to liquid as a result of heat exchange in a heat exchanger is used, and between the cooling condenser and the main heat exchanger, the refrigerant whose phase changes to liquid is transferred to the heat exchanger. A head difference sufficient to transfer the refrigerant, and a head difference sufficient to transfer the refrigerant whose phase has changed to a liquid to the heating evaporator is provided between the main heat exchanger and the heating evaporator. Features a heating and cooling system.