JPH02157038A - Packing element for use in heat conduction or chemical tower - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To increase capability of both or cleaning and heat transfer by providing a packing element with small flow passages to increase the areas of boundary layers as its shape, thereby increasing the turbulence of the fluid passing these flow passages and increasing the contact surface area. CONSTITUTION: The packing element 17 consists of an inorg. component of a three- dimensional object of integrated body consisting of a core portion 50 extending in the longitudinal direction, a plurality of radial portions 52 of the same shape extending outward approximately in the radial direction and plural marginal portions 53 connected as the terminal parts of the respective radial portions 52. The respective radial portions 52 and the marginal portions 53 connected thereto extend as the flaring parts of the core pattern 50 and are formed approximately to a T-shape cross-section. The flow passages 56 extending in the longitudinal direction are delineated between the adjacent marginal portions 53 of the T-shape cross-section. The radial outer peripheral surfaces of all the marginal portions 53 cooperatively delineate approximately cylindrical contours as shown by broken lines 54. As a result, a large cleaning effect is obtd. from the large surface area in the case of packing of a chemical tower. A large quantity of heat recovery is obtd. when the element is used for heat recovery.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a packing element for use in heat transfer or as packing material for chemical columns.

[Conventional technology]

Chemical column packing elements and heat transfer packing elements are known in the art. In the case of heat-conducting packing elements, a large number of packing elements are used to form a layer of heat-conducting packing elements.

For example, some heat transfer packing elements are made of ceramic or masonry and are used to channel steam or odors into the combustion chamber. Steam and odors are burned at high temperatures in the combustion chamber, and most of them are converted into carbon dioxide and water droplets before being discharged into the atmosphere. On the way to the combustion chamber, such a gaseous body usually first passes through a layer of masonry. This layer is preheated and is designed to preheat the incoming gas so that combustion can take place as soon as it enters the combustion chamber. When using a heat transfer packing element as described above, the direction of gas flow is periodically reversed. That is, the gas is used to preheat the masonry or chamber filling elements on the way to the exhaust of the combustion products to the atmosphere.
From the combustion chamber it passes outward through the masonry chamber.

In such devices, the gas flow through the heat recovery chamber containing the packing elements is alternately directed. The filling element thus alternately preheats the incoming gas and heats the filling element itself by the outgoing gas.

The above-mentioned device was, for example, published by James on July 22, 1975.
H.

US Patent Box 3.89 granted to Mueller
No. 5.918.

It is also known to use packing elements for packing chemical columns, such as in gas purification or other industrial installations.

For example, in liquid-gas contacting devices, liquid contacting devices, and fluid-fluid contacting devices, the packing elements are typically randomly dumped and configured to allow fluid to flow through the layer of packing elements, usually at the same time as fluid flowing in the opposite direction. has been done. Frequently, such devices are used to collect impurities such as particulate emissions rather than to discharge them to the atmosphere. Examples of packing elements for saddle-shaped chemical columns can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4.155.960, and other examples of packing elements for chemical columns can be found in U.S. Pat.
No. 4.303.599 and No. 4.316.863.

Packing elements can also be used to pack chemical columns, or for heat retention and
When used for heat conduction, there are some considerations common to both types, as listed below.

- the amount of surface area provided by the packing elements; - the size of the volume of the packing elements; - the geometry of the packing elements; - the pressure drop across the chamber or column in which the packing elements are arranged; - the packing within the chamber or column. the inherent strength of the packed elements to support each other; the ability to remain intact when the packing elements are dropped from above to fill a chamber or column; the low cost of production; OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a packing element for use as a packing material in heat transfer or chemical columns, preferably columns or chambers with drop-filling.

The main object of the invention is to provide a new packing element shape suitable for heat transfer or for packing elements of chemical columns.

[Failure to solve the problem]

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned object is a packing element used for heat conduction or as a packing material for a chemical column, in which a large number of packing elements are arranged in a chamber, and a fluid is supplied to an acid chamber in contact with the packing elements. The filling element is connected to a longitudinally extending core portion and a plurality of identically shaped radial portions extending substantially radially outward from the core portion as an end portion of each radial portion. It is made of an inorganic component of an integral three-dimensional body consisting of a plurality of edge portions, and each of the radial portions and the edge portions connected thereto extend in the longitudinal direction as an extension of the core portion and have a substantially T-shaped cross section. The radially outer circumferential surface of all said edge portions is defined by a filling element which cooperates to define a generally cylindrical contour.

According to the invention, the T-shaped section is provided with a longitudinal groove. The material of the filling element is at least metal, porcelain,
Mineral materials such as ceramics may be molded from plastic or other synthetic materials, optionally reinforced with glass fibers. Also, the surface area/weight ratio of the packing element, measured in ft2/1bs, ranges from about 1.20 to 1.56. Further, approximately 65% of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical portion is opened to allow fluid to pass through the opening.

Also, the diameter/length ratio of the filling element is varied depending on the intended use.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the detailed description of the embodiments, and the brief description of the drawings.

〔Example〕

Prior to describing the structure of the filling element of the present invention, an incinerator generally designated by the reference numeral 10 will be described with reference to FIG. The incinerator 10 includes a high-temperature combustion chamber 11, and a plurality of thermal energy recovery chambers 12 are arranged around the combustion chamber and separated from the combustion chamber by a furnace wall 13. The furnace wall 13, not shown in FIG. 9, has a medium-high surface 15 and a medium-low surface 16. A packing element 17 in the recovery chamber 12 exerts a gravitational force on the raised surface 15 of the furnace wall 13 to maintain the individual bricks 18 under compression. The brick 18 has perforations (not shown), and allows gas to pass from the mid-low surface 16 to the mid-high surface 15 and in the opposite direction, as will be described later. The bricks are made of a heat-reflective material and are arranged in horizontal rows containing a plurality of bricks, with vertically adjacent rows staggered from each other.

As shown in FIG. 9, one or more burners 22 rise inside the combustion chamber 11 through its lower part. The burner above can reach a temperature of 1093℃ (
It is possible to carry out combustion up to 2000'F.

Gas, normally delivered to the inlet 23 from a suitable plant, facility, etc., enters the manifold distribution device 24 and, via the vertical duct 19, enters some of the energy recovery chambers 12, which are already preheated. It passes through the filling elements stacked in the energy recovery chamber. Therefore, when the gas enters the combustion chamber 11 through the porous furnace wall portion, it is immediately combusted within the combustion chamber. The gas then passes outwardly through the porous furnace wall 13, passes through another layer of packing elements in the energy recovery chamber 12, and recovers the energy during its outward passage towards the exhaust duct 27. Heating the filling elements in the chamber. The gas sent to the exhaust duct 27 is exhausted to the atmosphere via a duct 28 operated by a fan or pump, preferably as carbon dioxide and water droplets.

Various valve arrangements 30 are used as shown to direct the flow of gas inwardly into the energy recovery chamber 1 as required.
2 into the combustion chamber 11, and sometimes outwardly from the combustion chamber 11 through the energy recovery chamber 12. That is, as can be seen from the prior art described above, at a particular time, some of the energy recovery chambers 12 will have gas passing through them inwardly, and gas will be passing outwards through some of the energy recovery chambers 12.

The bricks 18 constituting the furnace wall 13 are preferably porous in the sense that they have passage holes, and the porosity is 30 to 40% of the volume of each brick (q), and in some cases 50 to 70%.
reach.

The device of the present invention configured in this way has a multi-branch pipe distribution device 2.
It is operated in areas where contaminated steam and odors may enter from 23 people with a population of 4. The valve arrangement 30 therefore directs the gas containing steam or the like into the thermal energy recovery chamber 12 and passes it through the filling element 17 to the combustion chamber 11 . In this case, the gas passes through a bed of packed elements whose temperature is very close to the combustion temperature. The oxidation action is carried out completely by means of a gas burner or an oil burner, which maintains a predetermined combustion temperature.

After combustion in the combustion chamber 11, the purified gas is withdrawn from the energy recovery chamber through a layer of packing elements, this time in extraction mode, transferring the heat it contained to the packing elements. Upon delivery, the packing element absorbs this heat.

Since the operating conditions are reversed each time, the valve device 3
Depending on the operating setting of 0, the packing element layers are activated alternately to absorb heat from the exiting gas or to preheat the gas.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, the filling elements 17 are randomly scattered as is customary for transportation. That is, the filling elements 17 are not arranged precisely geometrically within the energy recovery chamber, but are fed into the energy recovery chamber using gravity fall. The filling elements therefore assume an irregular orientation within the layer. However - although not for boat fishing - if the dimensions of the filling elements are small, it may be necessary to misalign them precisely.

The filling element 17 is preferably made into a geometric shape by an extrusion process and includes an elongated core portion 50 extending from one end face 51 to the other end face 52 and a plurality of radially outwardly projecting portions from the core portion 50. radial portion 52. Although six radial sections are shown in this example, more or less than six can be used if desired. Also, although the radial portions 52 are shown equally spaced with angular spacing of approximately 60 degrees, they may be unevenly spaced if desired.

Each radial portion 52 is connected to an edge portion 53 such that the radial portions 52 and edge portions 53 cooperate to form a T-shaped cross-section as shown in the end view of FIG. The T-shaped cross-section group shown in FIG. 2 has an overall generally circular outline as indicated by dashed line 54 in FIG. The outer circumferential surface 55 formed by the edge portion 53 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 has a circular cross-section. However, the outer circumferential surface 55 of each edge portion does not necessarily have to be circular, and usually the outer shape of the filling element is generally cylindrical, although it can be formed with various contours. Also, filling element 1
A longitudinally extending passageway is defined between adjacent edge portions 53 of the T-shaped cross section of 7 and is configured to increase the contact area with the gas or other fluid as it flows through the filling element. Ru.

The profile of the filling element shown in Figures 1-3 resembles the cross-sectional profile of a wagon.

In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 4, a through hole 60 extends longitudinally through the core portion 58 at approximately the center thereof.
is installed to increase the contact area and the amount of fluid passing through.

In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5, unlike the sharp intersection shown in the embodiment of FIG. A deeply curved outer peripheral surface 62 is provided.

In another embodiment shown in FIG. 6, longitudinal grooves are formed in the outer peripheral surface 65 of the edge portion 64 in order to increase the contact area of the filling element 17.

Another embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is still formed in a T-shaped cross-section in cooperation with its radial portion 67, but increases the strength between the edge portion and the radial portion and increases the external area of the edge portion. It has a generally triangular cross-sectional shape with a grooved outer circumferential surface 68 for this purpose.

An alternative configuration of the radial portion and the edge portion is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the edge portion 70 is generally similar to the edge portion of FIG. 5, but the radial portion is curved in a wavy manner at 71 to increase the contact area in the region of the radial portion.

Various variations of the filling element of the invention are possible while maintaining the various T-shaped cross-sectional shapes described above.

In certain embodiments of the filling element of the present invention, more particularly, the filling element has a diameter of 25.4 mm (1 in) and a length of 25.4 mm (1 in.).
The surface area of a 1in) packing element is 10.7 per packing element.
cut (0,053ft2). In this case, the opening area in the end view shown in Figure 2 is approximately 6 of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical part.
It is 5%. Such packing elements can be fed into packed columns or heat recovery chambers, and the use of a large number of packing elements provides a surface area as high as 85,000 cn ((92 ft)) per 28,317 cn ((ft)) of packing elements through which the fluid passes. Get it.

In the case of chemical column packing, the surface area enhancement capability of the present invention provides greater cleaning efficiency from the larger surface area, and also provides greater heat recovery when used as a heat recovery packing element.

The packing element shape described above improves both cleaning and heat transfer capabilities by providing small channels that increase the area of the boundary layer, increasing turbulence of the fluid passing through the channels, and increasing the contact surface area. increase

According to the present invention, the same heat transfer is obtained with about 37% of the volume of the conventional packing element and with a pressure drop of the fluid passing through the packing element being reduced by 10-15% compared to the conventional packing element. . Furthermore, according to the packing element of the present invention, it has been found that the volume of the packing element, which is about half of that of the conventional one, is sufficient to minimize the pressure drop across the packing element layers and to maintain the same thermal conductivity. are doing.

Therefore, equipment costs can be significantly reduced.

Furthermore, the T-shaped radial portion can be modified in various ways depending on the required strength of the filling element. When the filling elements are stacked in a columnar manner, the filling element at the base can reach up to 15 m without collapsing.
(50ft) can support a columnar body. In addition, the filling element at the base weighs 2844 kg/cut (2000] b
Pressures up to S/1n2) can be supported.

The materials constituting the filling elements include metals and non-metals (ceramics, aluminum, silicon, plastics, glass fiber reinforced plastics, etc.).

The above materials are usually selected depending on the intended use. For example, when used under high-temperature conditions such as heat recovery as shown in FIG. 9, it is desirable to use a filling element made of ceramic, china clay, etc. that can withstand high temperatures of 1204°C (2200'F) or higher. In this case, the filling element can be a masonry-like structure. For example, it is desirable to use metal packing elements, such as steel, in packed columns.

In this case, the filling element is subjected to high temperatures on the order of 260°C (500'F). The components mentioned above and components not disclosed in the text can also be used as long as they are inorganic components.

The above inorganic components further include porcelain, chemical stonework, various steels, alloys, hard metals such as titanium, nickel, etc., and may optionally be molded with Teflon, polypropylene, etc. The detailed components and composition are determined by the purpose of use. The above-mentioned uses are, for example, distillation, gas absorption, heat recovery and related operations. Particularly in regenerative heat recovery, the packing elements are formed in a skeleton shape to facilitate heat recovery when gas passes through the gaps between the individual packing elements. That is, as the gas passes through each packing element, the flow of gas is subdivided to effect heat transfer between the gas and the packing element.

The present invention aims to improve the physical properties of the filling element to obtain a maximum surface area/volume ratio in order to improve the heat transfer ratio. This objective is achieved by keeping the pressure drop through the packing element layer to a minimum and introducing a high degree of turbulence in order to improve thermal conductivity.

The present invention also limits the length/diameter ratio of the packing elements to orient the packing elements in a desired direction during random dropping. When the length/diameter ratio is increased, the packing elements tend to be horizontal, such that a random fall will cause most of the packing elements to be oriented horizontally. The opposite condition, ie, the diameter is greater than the length, will cause the packing elements to have a tendency to be vertical, such that a random fall will cause most of the packing elements to be oriented vertically. In this way, depending on whether the direction of fluid flow through the packing element layer is horizontal or vertical, a desired length/diameter ratio can be given accordingly to improve the heat transfer efficiency during the fluid flow passing through the packing element layer. can be maximized while minimizing pressure drop.

FIG. 10 is a table showing the relative surface area/weight ratios for various lengths and diameters of packing elements. For example, the surface area/weight ratio of a packing element with a diameter of 19+ nm (0,75 in) in the upward vertical direction is
(2in) to 38.1m+++ (1,5
in), 31.75mm (1,25in), 2
5.4mm (1in), 19mm (0.75in)
) represents a change in the range of approximately 1.22 to 1.33. The effect of diameter on the length of the filling element is thus seen. The cross-sectional shape, on the other hand, yields a large surface area/weight ratio regardless of the diameter/length ratio.

The surface area/weight ratios in this table range from 1.20 to 1.56 as measured in ft2/LB.

From the above description, various variations in the detailed construction of the filling element of the invention and its use will become clear.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the filling element of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an end view of the filling element of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a left sectional view of the filling element of FIG. 2, and FIGS. FIG. 9 is a partially cutaway schematic perspective view of an incinerator using the packing element of the present invention as a heat transfer medium; FIG. 10 is a table showing the surface area/weight ratio of the packing elements of the present invention relative to the diameter/length ratio. 17... Filling element, 50... Core portion, 52...
... Radial portion, 53... Edge portion, 56... Channel, 60... Through hole.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A packing element used for heat conduction or as a packing material for a chemical column, in which a large number of packing elements are arranged in a chamber, and a fluid is passed through the chamber in contact with the packing elements. in which the filling element (17) includes a core portion (5) extending in the longitudinal direction.
0), a plurality of radial portions (52) of the same shape extending substantially radially outward from the core portion, and a plurality of edge portions (53) connected as the end portions of the respective radial portions. Each of the radial portions and the edge portions connected thereto extend in the longitudinal direction as an extension of the core portion and are formed into a substantially T-shaped cross section, and the radius of all the edge portions is A packing element for use in a heat conduction or chemical column, characterized in that the outer circumferential surfaces cooperate to define a substantially cylindrical profile. 2. The filling element of claim 1, wherein adjacent said edge portions are spaced apart from each other and define a longitudinally extending channel (56) between said edge portions. 3. The filling element according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the edge portion is substantially arcuate. 4. The filling element according to claim 1, wherein the core portion is provided with a longitudinally extending through hole (60) substantially in the center thereof. 5. Adjacent said edge portions are spaced apart from each other, defining a longitudinally extending flow path between said edge portions, and said edge portions have a generally arcuate cross-sectional shape; 2. A filling element according to claim 1, comprising a longitudinally extending through hole in the center. 6. Packing element according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic component comprises a material selected from the group of porcelain, alumina, zinc and other materials. 7. In a packing element used for heat conduction or as a packing material for a chemical column, in which a large number of packing elements are arranged in a chamber, and a fluid is passed through the chamber and brought into contact with the packing elements, the above-mentioned The filling element is composed of an inorganic component of a monolithic three-dimensional body and is formed into a generally cylindrical profile with a plurality of longitudinally extending openings, the surface area of the filling element measured in ft^2/1 bs/ A filling element characterized in that the weight ratio ranges from about 1.2 to 1.56. 8. The packing element of claim 7, wherein said surface area/weight ratio is in the range of about 1.4 to 1.5. 9. The cross-sectional area of the opening is about 65% of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical part.
A filling element according to claim 7. 10, surface area/weight ratio measured in ft^2/1bs is approximately 1
．． 4 to 1.5, and about 65 of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical part.
8. A filling element according to claim 7, wherein % is open. 11.The surface area/weight ratio measured in ft^2/1bs is approximately 1.
．． 6. A filling element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the filling element ranges from 20 to 1.56. 12.The surface area/weight ratio measured in ft^2/LB is approximately 1.
12. Packing element according to claim 11, wherein the filling element is between 4 and 1.5. 13. Claim 1 in which about 65% of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical part is open.
1. The filling element according to 1.