JPH0214733A - Process for filling catalyst - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify a catalyst filling operation and to attain uniform filling of the catalyst by setting previously conditions of the catalyst, distributing plates, and a reaction tower, and determining an optimum revolution number of distribution plates for obtd. optimum filling of the catalyst corresponding to each falling height of the catalyst at each optional position. CONSTITUTION:A hopper 5 of storing a catalyst 4 is installed to a top opening part of a reaction tower 1. A feeding tube 6 for transporting the catalyst 4 is connected to a foot end of the hopper 5, and a foot end of the tube 6 is connected to a catalyst filling device 10 supported at a center of a top screen 2. A driving shaft 12 driven by a motor 11 is installed to the catalyst filling device 10, and two distributing plates 13, 14 are disposed to the foot ends of the driving shaft 12. A feeding path 15 continuing from the feeding tube 6 is arranged to above the central parts of the distributing plates 13, 14, and the charged catalyst 4 is scattered to surrounding parts by the revolution of the distributing plates 13, 14 onto a bottom screen 3. Thus, uniform filling of the catalyst in the reaction tower 1 is attained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a catalyst filling method, and can be used for filling catalysts into reaction towers of petroleum refining equipment, chemical industry equipment, etc.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, catalysts have been used for various reactions in petroleum refining, chemical industries, etc. When using catalysts, for example, catalysts formed in granules are packed into a cylindrical reaction tower. It is common to pass raw material oil, reaction liquid, gas, or a mixture of these into the reaction tower and bring them into contact with the catalyst surface.

In such a reaction tower, if the catalyst packed inside is partially dense, the feedstock oil etc. passing through the reaction tower will only pass through the parts with coarse density, and the load will be concentrated in that part. The catalytic activity of the reactor rapidly decreases, and even if other parts are normal, sufficient performance as a reaction tower cannot be obtained, and the catalyst needs to be replaced in a short period of time. For this reason,
It is necessary to make the density of the packed catalyst as uniform as possible.

When filling these catalysts, it was common for a worker to enter the reaction tower and use a flexible pipe or the like to spread the catalyst uniformly. However, this method has low work efficiency, and because the work is carried out in a closed reaction tower, a large amount of fine catalyst particles are generated, resulting in problems in terms of worker safety and hygiene. For this reason, in recent years, granular catalyst has been supplied from above to a rotating disk suspended in the reaction tower, so that the catalyst can be filled safely and efficiently by external operation, and the catalyst is scattered around by centrifugal force. Many types of catalyst filling devices have been developed.

By the way, in such a catalyst filling device, the catalyst falling from the disk is generally scattered in an annular trajectory, and the density of this portion is higher than that of other portions. For this reason,
- In order to carry out such filling, it is necessary to constantly change the radius of the falling trajectory of the catalyst. For example, by constantly changing the height and rotation speed of the rotating disk, the diameter of the annular trajectory drawn by the catalyst can be adjusted. Complicated operations such as adding and subtracting are performed.

In contrast, a catalyst filling device uses an oval or other distribution plate instead of a circular plate, and has a plurality of distribution passages formed along the radial direction on its surface, and the diameter dimensions of each distribution passage are formed to be different from each other. (Refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-141923.) In this catalyst filling device, the catalyst dispersed from each distribution path traces many concentric circular trajectories. It is possible to perform various types of dispersion, is easier to operate than other rotating disk type catalyst filling devices, and can perform uniform catalyst filling extremely efficiently.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

By the way, in the catalyst filling device that performs concentric catalyst dispersion as described above, good catalyst filling can be performed if the falling trajectory of the outermost periphery is maintained appropriately. However, the radius of the falling trajectory changes depending on the rotation speed of the distribution plate and the falling height of the catalyst (the height of the distribution plate from the catalyst holding surface of the reaction tower or the surface of the catalyst deposited thereon). If the falling locus radius of the outermost periphery greatly exceeds the inner diameter of the reaction tower, the packed catalyst becomes dense along the inner wall surface, and conversely, if it is smaller than the inner diameter, the portion along the inner wall surface becomes rough.

Therefore, in order to achieve the optimum filling state, it is necessary to control the rotation speed of the distribution plate according to the inner diameter of the reaction column and the falling height.

However, the radius of the falling trajectory changes depending on the size, shape, weight, etc. of the catalyst, and it is not easy to determine the optimal rotation speed while taking these various factors into consideration. Furthermore, since the falling height of the catalyst changes as filling progresses, it is necessary to change the rotational speed of the distribution plate as needed during spraying, depending on the progress of the work. Therefore, in addition to requiring a skilled engineer to set the settings, there are many variables that make it difficult to reproducibly set the conditions, and even if filling operations are repeated under the same conditions, Sometimes it was necessary to make complicated settings.

Moreover, there is still no definitive method for determining the optimal condition settings, and there are many unknowns about what state values should be used as a basis for making decisions. It was wanted.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a catalyst filling method that can save labor in catalyst filling work, provide uniform filling, and allow easy setting during work, high reproducibility, and easy adaptation to setting changes. Our goal is to provide the following.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a distribution plate having a catalyst falling part in the center and a plurality of catalyst distribution parts having different radial lengths partitioned by radial ribs in a reaction tower. The distribution plate is rotated, and a catalyst is supplied to the distribution plate from a catalyst supply pipe arranged above the distribution plate, and the supplied catalyst is dispersed around the plate by the catalyst distribution part and dropped downward by the catalyst falling part to cause a reaction. As a method of filling the catalyst in the tower, the conditions of the catalyst, distribution plate, and reaction tower are set in advance, and the distribution plate is optimized so that the optimal catalyst filling can be obtained depending on the falling height of the catalyst at any given time. The catalyst filling method is configured by calculating the rotation speed and controlling the rotation speed of the distribution plate according to the calculated optimum rotation speed.

Here, in calculating the optimum rotation speed, the conditions of the catalyst, distribution plate, and reaction tower and the falling height of the catalyst are summarized as functions based on trial experiments, etc., and the condition data set for the filling operation and the current A method can be adopted in which the optimum rotation speed is calculated sequentially according to the falling height data.

In addition, a function of drop height - optimal rotation speed is calculated for each condition in advance, and one of these functions is selected based on the set condition data to calculate the optimal rotation speed according to the drop height data. may be calculated.

Another method is to calculate the optimal rotation speed for each condition and drop height in advance and compile it as a data table, and then select the one that matches the set condition data and current drop height data. Can be adopted.

[Effect]

In the present invention configured in this manner, the conditions of the catalyst, distribution plate, and reaction tower used in the filling operation are set, and before the operation starts, the distribution plate is moved from the catalyst holding surface in the reaction tower. The optimal rotational speed is calculated using the height as the falling height, and the distribution plate is rotated at this optimal rotational speed to perform the filling operation.

During work, the current falling height of the catalyst deposited on the catalyst holding surface is determined by detecting the height of the surface of the catalyst deposited on the catalyst holding surface, and the optimum rotational speed is sequentially adjusted. By controlling the rotation speed, the optimal catalyst filling state can be ensured at any given time.

Therefore, uniform filling can be achieved, and filling work can be performed automatically, eliminating the need for constant manual control and monitoring, achieving high reproducibility, and even setting itself manually based on various data. This simplifies the process and achieves the above objective.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a reaction column 1 for petroleum refining that is controlled based on the catalyst filling method of the present invention.

This reaction tower 1 has a substantially cylindrical outer shell, and inside is an upper screen 2 and a lower screen 3 through which the raw oil can pass.
is provided, and granular catalyst 4 is loaded and packed on the lower screen 3. In order to fill the catalyst 4, a hopper 5 for storing the catalyst 4 is arranged at the upper opening of the reaction column 1, and a supply tube 6 for transferring the catalyst 4 is connected to the lower end of the hopper 5. The lower end is connected to a catalyst filling device 1o supported at the center of the upper screen 2.

This catalyst filling device 1o includes a drive shaft 12 driven by a motor 11 disposed on the upper surface side of the upper screen 2, and two distribution plates 13 and 14 are provided at the lower end of the drive shaft 12. A supply passage 15 continuous from the supply chain is arranged above the center of these distribution plates 13, 14, and the supplied catalyst 4 is scattered around the lower screen by rotation of the distribution plates 13, 14. 3 to uniformly fill the inside of the reaction column 1.

As shown in FIG. 2, a fixing member 2 is attached to the lower end of the drive shaft 12.
1 is screwed, and a central cylindrical body 23 is supported around this fixing member 21 via four support arms 22, and a distribution plate 13 is provided on the circumferential surface near the upper end of the central cylindrical body 23. The inner edge is fixed by welding. Furthermore, the distribution plate 14 is connected to the center cylinder 23.
The distribution plate 1 is suspended by four wooden bolts 25 attached to the circumferential surface of the distribution plate 1 at a predetermined interval from the lower end of the central cylinder body 23.
It is supported parallel to and coaxially with 3.

Further, a conical surface 24 that expands downward is provided on the upper end edge of the center cylinder 23, and its lower end is connected to the upper surface of the distribution 1 side 13, and receives the catalyst 4 from the supply passage 15. It can be supplied to the upper surface of the distribution Fi13.

Further, the space within the central cylinder body 23 constitutes a catalyst falling portion of the distribution plate 13, and the catalyst 4 from the supply passage 15 can be dropped and also supplied to the upper surface of the distribution plate 14.

Here, on the upper surface of the distribution plate 13.14, a plurality of ribs 31.
41, each lip 31.41 being arranged to diverge outwardly from each other along the radial direction, the distribution plate 1
By partitioning the surface of 3.14, a substantially concave catalyst distribution section 32.42 is formed.

These distribution plates 13, 14 are each formed into a substantially oval shape that is point symmetrical with respect to the rotational axis of the drive shaft 12, and are formed to have different radial lengths for each catalyst distribution section 32, 42. has been done. Therefore, the catalyst 4 supplied to the distribution plates 13.14 is transferred to each catalyst distribution portion 32.4 due to the centrifugal force accompanying the rotation.
Each catalyst distribution section 32.
42 have different radial lengths, as shown in FIG. is scattered within the range. Note that the distribution plates 13 and 14 are arranged so that the large diameter portions 44 of the distribution plates 14 overlap the small diameter portions 33 of the distribution plate 13, so that the catalysts 4A and 4B distributed from each are smoothly continuous. It is composed of

Further, a long hole 45 as a catalyst falling part is provided in the center of the distribution plate 14, and a part of the catalyst 4 dropped from inside the central cylinder 23 is configured to fall downward from the long hole 45. has been done. Therefore, the catalyst 4C from the long holes 45 is distributed to the central portion of the lower screen 3 which cannot be distributed by the distribution plate 14, and as a result, the catalyst 4 is uniformly distributed on the lower screen 3, and the catalyst 4 is distributed inside the reaction column 1. is a homogeneous catalyst 4
filling is possible.

Returning to FIG. 1, a height detector 6 is installed on the inner wall surface of the reaction column 1 from the upper surface of the lower screen 3 to the height of the distribution plate 14.
1 is provided. This height detector 61 is capable of detecting the height of the surface of the catalyst 4 deposited on the lower screen 3 using a piezoelectric or capacitive contact sensor or the like.

This height detector 61 is connected to a control device 60 provided outside the reaction column 1. This control device 60 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 3 in order to control the catalyst filling device 10 based on the catalyst filling method of the present invention.

In FIG. 3, the control device W60 is provided with a height detecting section 62, and this height detecting section 62 detects the height Ho of the distribution plate 14 from the lower screen 3, which is set in advance.
Catalyst 4 by subtracting the surface height Hc obtained in 1.
It is possible to detect the falling height HF.

The output of this detection section 62 is connected to a calculation section 63,
An environment setting section 64 is connected to the calculation section 63 .

The environment setting section 64 is capable of externally setting variables for various environmental conditions during the filling operation, and here, the distribution plate +3.
Catalyst loading value determined by the form and dimensions of 14] The device constant A of 10, the inner diameter D of the reaction column 1, the particle size coefficient and the shape coefficient P of the catalyst 4 to be used can be set.

Further, an arithmetic expression storage section 65 is connected to the arithmetic section 63, and the arithmetic expression storage section 65 stores functions RIA=D+N, P+ used in the arithmetic section 63. is memorized. During this time, the number RfA. , ,1. P and Il+ are set in advance based on simulation or experimental data using actual objects to give the optimum rotation speed R0 using the variables A, D, M, P and the falling height H4 as parameters. .

Therefore, the calculation unit 63 performs the height detection unit 6 at each predetermined cycle.
At the same time as receiving the falling height l(y) from 2, the variables A, D, ?
By performing calculations based on Ml, it is possible to calculate the optimum rotation speed R0.

Further, the output of the calculation section 63 is connected to a rotation control section 66, and the rotation control section 66 is connected to the motor 11 of the catalyst filling device 10.
Motor 1 is controlled according to the optimum rotation speed Ro sent from Motor 1.
1 is configured to rotate at an optimum rotation speed R0.

In this embodiment configured as described above, the filling operation is performed in the following procedure.

First, in the environment setting section 64 of the control device 60, the variable A,
Adjust the settings of D and LP, and operate the motor 11 of the catalyst filling device 10. Here, at the beginning of work, catalyst 4
is not filled, the control device 60 selects the default distribution plate 1.
The height H8 of 4 is calculated as the falling height H2, and the motor 11 is rotated at the optimum rotation speed R0 obtained.
The distribution plate 13.14 is rotated via the drive shaft 12 due to the rotation of the distribution plate 13.14.

Subsequently, the supply tube 6 is passed through the catalyst filling device 10, and the supply of the catalyst 4 from the hopper 5 is started. Here, the supplied catalyst 4 is sent from the supply passage 15 onto the distribution plates 13 and 14, and is dispersed approximately concentrically from the tip of each catalyst distribution section 32, 42 by the centrifugal force accompanying the respective rotations. A portion of the catalyst 4 is distributed through the elongated hole 45 to the central portion, and the catalyst 4 is uniformly distributed on the lower screen 3.

As the filling progresses, the surface height H6 changes, and the dispersion of the catalyst 4 also changes.
is detected at any time and sent to the control device 60. The control device 60 uses a height detection unit 62 to detect the surface height ■. The calculation unit 63 converts the current fall height Hl according to , and calculates the variables A and 0 from the environment setting unit 64. M.

P and the function R (A= Dr
Based on Ml P+ Ml, a new optimum rotation speed R0 is calculated, and the motor 11 is controlled via the rotation control section 66.
The distribution plates 13 and 14 are rotated at the optimum rotation speed R8 to maintain the optimum dispersion state of the catalyst 4 at all times.

According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.

That is, since the control device 60 can control the rotational speed of the motor 11 and the distribution plates 13 and 14 to always maintain the optimal dispersion state of the catalyst 4, the catalyst 4 packed in the reaction column 1 can be It can be made extremely uniform regardless of height.

Further, the control by the control device 60 is based on a function RIA + IllMr P-M) set in advance based on simulation or experimental data using the real thing, and each variable ^, D, M, P and drop Based on the height H7, the motor 11 and the distribution plate 13.14 can always be rotated at a suitable optimum rotational speed R0.

Therefore, it has excellent reproducibility even when repeated executions are performed under the same conditions, ensuring that the best filling results are always obtained, and eliminating the need for adjustments by skilled technicians, making the work extremely simple. It can be carried out.

In addition, all controls during the filling operation can be performed automatically by the control device 60, so there is no need for frequent monitoring and adjustment operations during the filling operation, which is a significant labor saving. be.

Further, the settings before the filling operation only require setting variables A, [1, LP, P, etc. in the environment setting section 64 according to the equipment conditions of the catalyst 4 used, the reaction column 1, the catalyst packing device 10, etc. It can be easily performed by a worker alone.

Further, even when using a different catalyst 4, it is only necessary to change the particle size coefficient and the shape coefficient P in the environment setting section 64, and the settings can be changed quickly and easily.
By changing the device constant ^, it is possible to quickly respond to the replacement of distribution plates 13 and 14, and by changing the inner diameter, other reaction columns 1
It can also be easily applied.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
It also includes the following modifications.

That is, the specific control procedure performed by the control device 60 uses the function R(Ik+D−N, P+Ml, and the variable A
, D, M.

The method is not limited to one in which calculation is performed sequentially using P and the falling height H, and other formats may be used.

For example, the control device 60 shown in FIG. 4 is substantially similar to the control device 60 shown in FIG.
Instead, an arithmetic expression selection section 67 is connected to the arithmetic section 63, and the environment setting section 64 is connected to this arithmetic expression selection section 67. Here, the arithmetic expression selection unit 67 assumes a suitable combination of variables ^, D, M, and P in advance, and substitutes these into the functions R+A, D-11+ PN) to obtain a function R(Ml A large number of variables are stored, and depending on the settings of the environment setting section 64, the actual variables A, D, gate, P are stored.
Select the function R(Kl) corresponding to , and select this function R(M
The calculation unit 63 is configured to perform calculations based on l and the falling height II. Such a control device G
By using o, substantially the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained, and in addition, the processing can be performed in a dark manner and the speed can be increased compared to the case where all the variables are sequentially calculated.

In addition, in the control device 60 of FIGS. 3 and 4,
Function RIA+ used by each. +MP, +11 and function RfH) may be a series of several different function expressions for each arbitrary parameter range, and more precise control can be performed in response to actual conditions. It can be carried out.

On the other hand, the control device 60 shown in FIG. 5 is also substantially the same as the control device 60 shown in FIG. It is composed of That is, this data table 68 contains the assumed variable A.

For each combination of D, M, P and fall height IF,
These values are converted into the function RIA+11-E P+ Ill
The optimum number of revolutions Ro obtained by substituting . There is. With such a control device 60, substantially the same effects as those of the above-mentioned embodiments can be obtained, and in addition, numerical calculations can be omitted in the control, and the processing can be made simpler and faster.

In addition, in the control device 60 shown in FIG. 5, instead of calculating the optimal rotation speed R0 on the data table 68 using a functional formula, simulations or experiments using actual objects are performed to calculate the optimum rotation speed R0 for each setting. The optimum rotation speed R6 may be determined, and although it takes time and effort to create the data table 68, more delicate settings can be made.

In addition, the reaction tower 1 and the catalyst packing device 10 in the above embodiments may have other types, different shapes, dimensions, etc., and the number, dimensions, shape, etc. of the reaction tower 1 or the distribution plates 13, 14 may be changed. In this case, change the environment setting section 6 according to the changes.
4 and the device constant A may be changed.

In addition, it can be applied not only to reactor towers that involve chemical reactions, such as reaction tower 1, but also to many towers used in the chemical industry that are filled with particulate materials, such as adsorption towers, absorption towers, extraction towers, and washing towers. It can be used not only for catalysts but also for filling solid fillers such as Daschig rings and zeolites.

Further, the height detector 61 used by the control device 60 is not limited to the rod-shaped one as in the above embodiment, but may include point-type sensors or the like arranged at multiple points at different height positions on the inner wall surface of the reaction column 1. The type of sensor is not limited to the contact type, but may also be an optical type, an acoustic (ultrasonic) type, etc. It is sufficient if it can be detected.

Furthermore, in controlling the rotation of the motor 11, for example, 3
The direction of rotation may be reversed at predetermined intervals of about 10 minutes. Here, the distribution plates 13, 14 are formed into a substantially oval shape,
The same spraying operation can be performed by rotating the catalyst 4 in either the forward or reverse direction, and more uniform filling can be achieved by alternating the direction in which the catalyst 4 is deposited. It is also possible to prevent the inconvenience of the catalyst 4 adhering to one side of the angle 42. Note that the rotation of the motor 11 may be switched not every predetermined time period but every time the control device 60 adjusts the rotation speed.

In the above embodiment, the rotation speed of the distribution plate was controlled by detecting one point on the catalyst surface height, but the specific control content is not limited to the above embodiment, and the control target may be the same as the above embodiment. In addition to similar control of the rotation speed of the distribution plate, the supply amount (speed) of the catalyst may also be controlled.Also, when detecting the catalyst surface height, the unevenness of the catalyst surface can be detected by detecting the height at multiple locations. The rotation speed or the rotation speed and catalyst supply amount may be controlled depending on the shape. For example, if the surface of the catalyst is concave, that is, the outer periphery is raised, the diameter of the concave portion at the center or intermediate portion may be controlled. On the other hand, if the surface is convex, it is desirable to make the level of the catalyst surface more uniform by automatically controlling it so that it can be selectively distributed to the outer circumference and its vicinity.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the catalyst filling method of the present invention,
It saves labor for catalyst filling work, provides uniform filling, and is easy to set up and highly reproducible.
Setting changes can be easily accommodated.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a top view showing a distribution plate used in the embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control device used in the embodiment. 4 and 5 are block diagrams each showing a control device that can be used in the embodiment described above. 1... Reaction tower, 4... Catalyst, 1O... Catalyst filling device, 11... Motor, 6.15... Supply tube and supply passage which are catalyst supply pipes, 13.14... Distribution plate, 23.45... Central cylindrical body and elongated hole which are catalyst falling parts, 31.41... Ribs, 32.42... Catalyst distribution part, 60... Control device, 61... height detector, 6
2... Height detection section, 63... Calculation section, 64... Environment setting section, 65... Arithmetic expression storage section, 66... Rotation control section, 67... Arithmetic expression selection section, 68...Data table. Applicant Idemitsu Engineering Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Sanzo Kinoshita (and 2 others) 61...
8 Figure 23.45...Takusei Iku Iku I Upper Cylinder Body L5
Surprise hole 31.41...Reply 32.42...Touchureisukesaija figure 6o...Enjoyment special work 62-l do Shiidesho 63...Hama 11a C-... King # Stir 1 again'L! 1l165... operation

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A distribution plate having a catalyst falling part in the center and a plurality of catalyst distribution parts with different radial lengths separated by radial ribs is rotated in the reaction tower and placed above the distribution plate. In the method, the catalyst is supplied to the distribution plate from the catalyst supply pipe, and the supplied catalyst is scattered around by the catalyst distribution part and dropped downward by the catalyst falling part to fill the reaction tower with the catalyst, The conditions of the catalyst, distribution plate, and reaction tower are set in advance, and the optimal rotation speed of the distribution plate is calculated to obtain the optimal catalyst loading according to the falling height of the catalyst at a given time. A catalyst filling method characterized by controlling the rotation speed of a distribution plate according to the rotation speed. (2) The catalyst filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of rotation of the distribution plate is switched between forward and reverse directions.