JPH02136420A - Construction method of impermeable wall - Google Patents
Construction method of impermeable wallInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02136420A JPH02136420A JP28671888A JP28671888A JPH02136420A JP H02136420 A JPH02136420 A JP H02136420A JP 28671888 A JP28671888 A JP 28671888A JP 28671888 A JP28671888 A JP 28671888A JP H02136420 A JPH02136420 A JP H02136420A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- electrode member
- positive electrode
- clay
- positive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は、遮水壁の造成方法に関し、特に止水能力が
高く、地震などによってクラックが発生したとしても十
分に止水性を維持でき、しかも水中溶存物質の吸着能力
をもたらした遮水壁の造成方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for constructing a water-shielding wall, which has particularly high water-stopping ability, can maintain sufficient water-stopping ability even if cracks occur due to earthquakes, etc. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for constructing a water-blocking wall that has the ability to adsorb substances dissolved in water.
（従来の技術）
周知のように遮水壁は、コンクリート連続壁、自硬性安
定液からなる遮水壁、フィルモルタル柱列壁などがある
。(Prior Art) As is well known, water-shielding walls include continuous concrete walls, water-shielding walls made of self-hardening stabilizing liquid, fill-mortar columns walls, and the like.
これら遮水壁はいずれもセメント混合物からなる遮水壁
であって、いずれも透水係数が小さく、遮水性能に勝れ
ているとともに、強度、剛性も十分にある。All of these impermeable walls are made of a cement mixture, and all have low permeability coefficients and excellent water impermeability, as well as sufficient strength and rigidity.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
しかしながら、これらいずれの遮水壁にあってもその透
水係数は１０−６〜１０−’ｃｍ ／ Ｓｅｃが限度で
あり、さらに止水性の高い遮水壁を得ようとした場合に
は対応できない問題があった。(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, the permeability coefficient of any of these impermeable walls is limited to 10-6 to 10-'cm/Sec, and it is difficult to obtain an impermeable wall with even higher water-stopping properties. There was a problem that could not be solved when trying to do so.
また、これらの遮水壁は地山への追随性に乏しく、例え
ば地震などが生じた場合にはクラックを生じ、止水性が
低下する欠点があった。In addition, these water-blocking walls have a drawback that they have poor ability to follow the ground, and cracks occur in the event of an earthquake, for example, resulting in a decrease in water-blocking performance.
さらに、これらセメント混合物からなる素材を用いた遮
水壁にあっては、汚染性の水中溶存物質を吸着抑留する
機能はない。したがって、−旦クラックが生じた場合に
は、これら水中溶存物質の外部への拡散を防止できず、
地下水中に溶存している汚染物質を浄化するための遮断
壁としての用途は限定されていた。Furthermore, impermeable walls made of materials made of these cement mixtures do not have the function of adsorbing and retaining pollutant dissolved substances in water. Therefore, once a crack occurs, it is not possible to prevent these substances dissolved in water from diffusing to the outside.
Its use as a barrier to purify pollutants dissolved in groundwater has been limited.
この発明は以上の問題点を解決するものであって、従来
の遮水壁よりも高い止水能力を有しているとともに、地
震などにより、クラックが発生したとしても、十分な止
水性を維持でき、しかも水中溶存物質の吸着能力をもた
らした遮水壁の造成方法を提供することを目的とする。This invention solves the above problems, and has a higher water-stopping ability than conventional water-blocking walls, and maintains sufficient water-stopping performance even if cracks occur due to earthquakes, etc. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a water-shielding wall that is capable of adsorbing substances dissolved in water.
（課題を解決するための手段）
前記目的を達成するため、この発明は、ベントナイトな
どの粘土を懸濁した泥水を充満させながら掘削孔を形成
し、前記泥水をセメント混合物と置換して順次地中に連
続壁を構築する遮水壁の造成方法において、前記掘削孔
を形成した後に掘削孔内部に立体網目状の正極部材を設
置するとともに、該正極部材に対向して負極部材を配置
し、これらの電極部材間に直流電源を接続し、前記正極
部材側に前記粘土からなる上水膜層を形成し、この後に
前記セメント混合物を前記掘削孔内に打設することを特
徴とする。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention forms a borehole while filling it with muddy water in which clay such as bentonite is suspended, and replaces the muddy water with a cement mixture to gradually drain the ground. In a method for constructing a water-shielding wall in which a continuous wall is constructed inside, after forming the excavation hole, a three-dimensional mesh positive electrode member is installed inside the excavation hole, and a negative electrode member is arranged opposite to the positive electrode member, The method is characterized in that a DC power source is connected between these electrode members, a water film layer made of the clay is formed on the positive electrode member side, and then the cement mixture is poured into the excavated hole.
（作 用）
以上の構成によれば、正極部材と負極部材との間に直流
電圧を印加すると、ベントナイトなどの粘土粒子が電気
浸透現象および電気泳動現象によって正極部材側に移動
してここに集積し、粘土粒子が高濃度に濃縮された止水
膜が形成される。(Function) According to the above configuration, when a DC voltage is applied between the positive electrode member and the negative electrode member, clay particles such as bentonite move to the positive electrode member side by electroosmotic and electrophoretic phenomena and accumulate there. As a result, a water-stopping film containing highly concentrated clay particles is formed.
したがって、この後にセメント混合物を打設して遮水壁
を構築すると、その一部に立体網目状の正極部材に粘土
粒子が集積された可撓性のある止水膜層が形成される。Therefore, when a water-blocking wall is constructed by pouring a cement mixture after this, a flexible water-blocking membrane layer in which clay particles are accumulated in a three-dimensional mesh positive electrode member is formed in a part of the wall.
この止水膜層は、外部の遮水壁にクラックが生じたとし
ても、ひび割れすることがなく、遮水性を維持できる。Even if a crack occurs in the external water-blocking wall, this water-blocking film layer will not crack and can maintain its water-blocking properties.
また、止水膜層は粘土粒子が高濃度に集積されたものな
ので、粒子例々の表面積が大きく、水中溶存物質の吸着
能力もある。In addition, since the water-stop membrane layer is made up of highly concentrated clay particles, each particle has a large surface area and has the ability to adsorb substances dissolved in water.
（実 施 例） 以下、この発明の実施例を図面を用いて詳細に説明する 第１図はこの発明の第一実施例を示すものである。(Example) Embodiments of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention.
同図に示す遮水壁の造成方法では、まず、第１図（ａ）
に示すように矩形溝状の掘削孔１０が掘削によって形成
される。In the method for constructing the impermeable wall shown in the figure, first, as shown in Figure 1 (a)
As shown in the figure, a rectangular groove-shaped excavation hole 10 is formed by excavation.
掘削孔１０の掘削に当たっては、掘削孔１０の内部にベ
ントナイトなどの粘土が懸濁された泥水１２を満たしな
がら掘削孔壁の崩落を防止しつつ掘削作業することで行
われ、遮水壁を構築する予定の深度まで掘削される。When excavating the borehole 10, the excavation work is carried out by filling the inside of the borehole 10 with muddy water 12 in which clay such as bentonite is suspended, while preventing the wall of the borehole from collapsing, and constructing an impermeable wall. excavated to the planned depth.
掘削孔１０が形成されると、第１図（ｂ）に示すように
、掘削孔１０の長手方向に沿って、その中央に立体網目
状正極部材１４が設置され、また、この正極部材１４と
対向して、負極部材として複数の電極棒１６が両孔壁１
０ａに沿って配置される。なお、電極棒１６は一方の孔
壁１０ｇにのみ配置してもよい。When the excavation hole 10 is formed, as shown in FIG. 1(b), the three-dimensional mesh positive electrode member 14 is installed in the center along the longitudinal direction of the excavation hole 10, and the positive electrode member 14 and Opposed to each other, a plurality of electrode rods 16 serve as negative electrode members on both hole walls 1.
It is arranged along 0a. Note that the electrode rod 16 may be arranged only on one hole wall 10g.
前記立体網目状正極部材１４の材質としては、導電性の
あるものならいずれも可能であり、金網等を所定厚みで
形成したものや、炭素繊維メツシュ等が用いられ、その
固有抵抗値が１０−３Ωｍ以下が適し、掘削孔１０の幅
に対し、所定の厚さをもって編組されている。The material of the three-dimensional mesh positive electrode member 14 may be any conductive material, such as wire mesh formed with a predetermined thickness, carbon fiber mesh, etc., and the specific resistance value is 10- A suitable thickness is 3 Ωm or less, and the braid is made to have a predetermined thickness relative to the width of the excavated hole 10.
また、前記泥水１２にはベントナイトのほかに、例えば
ゼオライトなどの粘土を添加しても良く、さらに望まし
くはイオン吸着性のある粘土物質を添加することもでき
る。Further, in addition to bentonite, clay such as zeolite may be added to the muddy water 12, and more preferably, a clay material having ion adsorption properties may be added.
そして、正極部材１４および電極棒１６が所定の位置に
対向設置された状態で、正極部材１４には直流電源１８
の正極がリード線２０を介して接続され、各電極棒１６
はそれぞれ直流電源１８の負極側にリード線２２を介し
て直列接続される。Then, with the positive electrode member 14 and the electrode rod 16 installed facing each other at predetermined positions, the positive electrode member 14 is connected to a DC power source 18.
The positive electrode of each electrode rod 16 is connected via a lead wire 20.
are connected in series to the negative electrode side of the DC power supply 18 via lead wires 22, respectively.
これによって、正極部材１４と電極棒１６との間には直
流電源１８の電圧に対応した電界が形成され、泥水１２
はこの電界中に存在することになる。As a result, an electric field corresponding to the voltage of the DC power supply 18 is formed between the positive electrode member 14 and the electrode rod 16, and the muddy water 12
will exist in this electric field.
泥水１２が電界中に存在すると、電気泳動現象によって
正極側、すなわち正極部材１４側に泥水１２中のベント
ナイトなどの粘土粒子が移動し、泥水中の水が電極棒１
６側に移動する。When the muddy water 12 exists in an electric field, clay particles such as bentonite in the muddy water 12 move toward the positive electrode side, that is, the positive electrode member 14 side, due to an electrophoretic phenomenon, and the water in the muddy water moves toward the electrode rod 1.
Move to the 6th side.
そして、直流電圧を正極部材１４と電極棒１６との間に
印加し続けると、粘土粒子は正極部材１４の表面に付着
して徐々に集積し、第１図（ｃ）に示すように粘土粒子
が高濃度に濃縮された所定厚みの止水膜層２４が正極部
材１４の周縁に形成される。Then, when DC voltage is continued to be applied between the positive electrode member 14 and the electrode rod 16, the clay particles adhere to the surface of the positive electrode member 14 and gradually accumulate, as shown in FIG. 1(c). A water stop film layer 24 having a predetermined thickness and highly concentrated is formed on the periphery of the positive electrode member 14 .
この場合、前記直流電源１８の電圧は、１〜５０ｖの範
囲が使用される。In this case, the voltage of the DC power supply 18 used is in the range of 1 to 50V.
止水膜層２４が所定厚みに形成されると、第１図（ｄ）
に示すように掘削孔１０内にセメント混合物２６が打設
され、泥水とセメント混合物２６が置換される。打設し
たセメント混合物２６の硬化によってパネル状の壁体が
構築され、以後は前記工程を順次繰り返すことでパネル
状壁体を横方向に連結した所定長さの遮水壁が造成され
るのである。When the water stop film layer 24 is formed to a predetermined thickness, as shown in FIG. 1(d).
As shown in FIG. 2, a cement mixture 26 is poured into the excavated hole 10, and the muddy water and the cement mixture 26 are replaced. A panel-shaped wall is constructed by hardening the poured cement mixture 26, and thereafter, by sequentially repeating the above steps, a water-shielding wall of a predetermined length is constructed by connecting the panel-shaped walls laterally. .
なお、セメント混合物の打設時には前記上水膜層２４は
セメント混合物２６の打設圧力によって粘土粒子間の密
実化を図ることができる。Incidentally, when pouring the cement mixture, the above-mentioned water membrane layer 24 can be made denser between the clay particles by the pouring pressure of the cement mixture 26.
以上のようにして造成された遮水壁は、セメント混合物
２６からなる遮水壁の内部に止水膜層２４が包み込まれ
た状態で形成されているので、遮水壁の透水係数をかな
り小さなものとすることができる。The impermeable wall constructed as described above is formed with the water-stop film layer 24 wrapped inside the impermeable wall made of the cement mixture 26, so that the permeability coefficient of the impermeable wall is considerably reduced. can be taken as a thing.
本発明者らの実験によると止水膜層２４がベントナイト
を集積したものの場合１０−８〜１０−１０ｃｍ／Ｓｅ
ｃ以下の透水係数を得られることを確認している。According to experiments conducted by the present inventors, when the water-stop film layer 24 is composed of bentonite, it is 10-8 to 10-10 cm/Se.
It has been confirmed that a hydraulic conductivity of less than c can be obtained.
また、このように内部に止水膜層２４を包み込んだ遮水
壁にあっては、構築後に遮水壁の本体部分であるセメン
ト混合物２６の硬化物に地震などによってクラックが入
ったとしても、止水膜層２４は可塑的な性質があり、周
囲の変形に良く追随してひびわれが防止される。したが
って、クラックが生じた後の止水性を確保できるほか、
止水膜層２４そのものの吸着能力によって汚染性のある
水中溶存物質を吸着する能力があり、汚染物質の拡散も
未然に防止できる。In addition, in a water-shielding wall that encloses the water-stop film layer 24 inside in this way, even if the hardened cement mixture 26, which is the main body of the water-shielding wall, cracks due to an earthquake or the like after construction, The water-stop film layer 24 has plastic properties, and follows the deformation of its surroundings well to prevent cracking. Therefore, in addition to ensuring water-tightness after cracks occur,
The water stop film layer 24 itself has the ability to adsorb pollutant dissolved substances in water, and can prevent the spread of pollutants.
次に第２図はこの発明の第二実施例を示すもので、第２
図（ａ）に示すように立体網目状正極部材１４は掘削孔
１０の幅方向に並列して二列配置され、それぞれの孔壁
１０ａに配置された電極棒１６と対向し、それぞれの正
極部材１４の表面に粘土粒子を集積するようにしている
。Next, FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of this invention.
As shown in Figure (a), the three-dimensional mesh positive electrode members 14 are arranged in two rows in parallel in the width direction of the excavated hole 10, facing the electrode rods 16 arranged on the respective hole walls 10a, and facing each positive electrode member 14. The clay particles are collected on the surface of 14.
したがって、この実施例では、得られた遮水壁はセメン
ト混合物２６の内部に二列の止水膜層２４を有し、さら
に止水性を高めているとともに、クラック発生時におけ
る止水性および水中溶存物質に対する吸着能力を向上さ
せるようにしている。Therefore, in this example, the obtained water-blocking wall has two rows of water-blocking film layers 24 inside the cement mixture 26, which further improves water-blocking properties, and improves water-blocking properties when cracks occur. The adsorption capacity for substances is improved.
なお、以上の実施例では止水膜層２４の両側にセメント
混合物２６を充填する場合を例示したが、止水膜層２４
を掘削孔１０の一方の壁面側に密着させ、片側だけにセ
メント混合物２６を充填してもよい。In addition, in the above embodiment, the case where the cement mixture 26 is filled on both sides of the water-stop film layer 24 was illustrated, but the water-stop film layer 24
may be brought into close contact with one wall side of the excavated hole 10, and only one side may be filled with the cement mixture 26.
（発明の効果）
以上実施例によって詳細に説明したように、この発明に
よる遮水壁の造成方法によれば、以下の利点がある。(Effects of the Invention) As described above in detail using the embodiments, the method for constructing a water-shielding wall according to the present invention has the following advantages.
従来のセメント混合物単体の遮水壁に比べて透水係数が
小さくなり、止水性を一段と向上できる。The coefficient of permeability is lower than that of conventional water-blocking walls made of a single cement mixture, and water-stopping properties can be further improved.
遮水壁の本体部分であるセメント混合物に地震などの外
力によりクラックが生じたとしても、内部の止水膜層に
よって止水性を維持できる。Even if cracks occur in the cement mixture that forms the main body of the water-shielding wall due to external forces such as an earthquake, the water-stopping properties can be maintained by the internal water-stopping film layer.
遮水膜層は汚染性の水中溶存物質に対する吸着能力があ
るため、これらの拡散を防止できる。Since the water-shielding membrane layer has the ability to adsorb polluting water-dissolved substances, it can prevent the diffusion of these substances.
第１図（ａ）〜（ｄ）はこの発明の第一実施例を工程順
に示す説明用平面図、第２図（ａ）、（ｂ）はこの発明
の第二実施例を示す説明用平面図である。
１０・・・掘削孔 １２・・・泥 水１４・
・・正極部材 １６・・・電極棒１８・・・直
流電源 ２４・・・止水膜層２６・・・セメン
ト混合物
特許出願人 株式会社 大 林 紙代 理
人 弁理士 −色 健 補間
弁理士 松 本雅 利９６一FIGS. 1(a) to (d) are explanatory plan views showing a first embodiment of this invention in the order of steps, and FIGS. 2(a) and (b) are explanatory plan views showing a second embodiment of this invention. It is a diagram. 10...Drilling hole 12...Mud Water 14.
... Positive electrode member 16 ... Electrode rod 18 ... DC power supply 24 ... Water-stop film layer 26 ... Cement mixture Patent applicant Obayashi Co., Ltd. Paper agent Patent attorney - Ken Iro Interpolation
Patent Attorney Masatoshi Matsumoto 961
Claims (1)
せながら掘削孔を形成し、前記泥水をセメント混合物と
置換して順次地中に連続壁を構築する遮水壁の造成方法
において、前記掘削孔を形成した後に掘削孔内部に立体
網目状の正極部材を設置するとともに、該正極部材に対
向して負極部材を配置し、これらの電極部材間に直流電
源を接続し、前記正極部材側に前記粘土からなる止水膜
層を形成し、この後に前記セメント混合物を前記掘削孔
内に打設することを特徴とする遮水壁の造成方法。(1) In a method for constructing an impermeable wall, in which an excavation hole is formed while being filled with muddy water in which clay such as bentonite is suspended, and the muddy water is replaced with a cement mixture to sequentially construct a continuous wall underground. After forming the hole, a three-dimensional mesh positive electrode member is installed inside the excavation hole, a negative electrode member is placed opposite to the positive electrode member, a DC power source is connected between these electrode members, and a DC power source is connected to the positive electrode member side. A method for constructing a water-blocking wall, comprising forming a water-blocking membrane layer made of the clay, and then pouring the cement mixture into the excavation hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28671888A JPH0617574B2 (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1988-11-15 | Construction method of impermeable wall |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28671888A JPH0617574B2 (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1988-11-15 | Construction method of impermeable wall |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02136420A true JPH02136420A (en) | 1990-05-25 |
| JPH0617574B2 JPH0617574B2 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
Family
ID=17708107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28671888A Expired - Lifetime JPH0617574B2 (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1988-11-15 | Construction method of impermeable wall |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0617574B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06336725A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1994-12-06 | Kajima Corp | Continuous underground wall construction and excavator cage and continuous underground wall thereof |
| JP2014020034A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-02-03 | Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corp | Block device for crack of well, and method for blocking the crack |
| CN105155590A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-12-16 | 刘继武 | Bentonite waterproof system and construction method thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-11-15 JP JP28671888A patent/JPH0617574B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06336725A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1994-12-06 | Kajima Corp | Continuous underground wall construction and excavator cage and continuous underground wall thereof |
| JP2014020034A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-02-03 | Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corp | Block device for crack of well, and method for blocking the crack |
| CN105155590A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-12-16 | 刘继武 | Bentonite waterproof system and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0617574B2 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
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