JPH02135027A - Cultivation of high mineral rice - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To readily obtain high mineral rice by an ordinary culture method by blending black soil with a water absorbing mineral substance, etc., simultaneously culturing Bacillus stearothermophilus, a thermophilic bacterium at high temperature under aeration and using the soil as culture soil. CONSTITUTION:100 pts. wt. black soil [preferably soil collected from mountain land or hill land, soil rich in humus or humic acid or soil containing fowl droppings, pig dung or human feces) is blended with 20-50 pts.wt. water absorbing mineral (preferably pumice, tuff of pumice, Ohya stone, vermiculite, zeolite, etc.) or carbonaceous powder (preferably heavy oil combustion dust, woody fine powder, peat-moss, sphagnum, etc.), simultaneously Bacillus stearothermophilus, a thermophilic bacterium is cultured at relatively high temperature (preferably 40-70 deg.C) under aeration and the soil is used as culture soil to culture high mineral rice.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating high-mineral rice.

In recent years, mechanical rice planting has become popular in wet rice cultivation, and as a result, large-scale seedling cultivation is being carried out. Although it is possible to use soil from non-agricultural land as the potting soil in the Kagaru seedling raising method, it is often inconvenient to collect and prepare the potting soil, so it is desired to manufacture and supply large quantities of potting soil industrially. .

Kuroboku soil can be easily collected in large quantities from mountainous and hilly areas depending on the region, and is rich in humus and humic acid, and has good water retention properties, so it is essentially suitable as a potting soil, but it cannot be used alone. However, there are difficulties in handling it as a potting soil or separating the seedlings after raising them, so it is necessary to improve the properties by mixing with other ingredients. -・This thing is generally 30-50%
Since it contains water, unless it is dried, if you try to mix it with other ingredients, it will form lumps, making it impossible to obtain a uniform mixture, or forcing you to interrupt the mixing operation. Another known method for producing granular soil is to add ice water vapor as a binder to raw soil minerals, granulate the material, and then dry the product to a moisture level that does not generate dust.

However, in the granular soil produced in this way, the bonding state of the soil within the granules is weak and it easily collapses due to irrigation during application, resulting in the soil compacting and becoming plate-shaped, resulting in poor water retention and
Not only does water permeability deteriorate, but the roots that have sprouted and grown do not penetrate into the soil layer, resulting in a so-called root encroachment phenomenon.

These common physical properties of the soil are high porosity and low specific gravity, large water capacity, appropriate hydraulic conductivity range, and appropriate particle size range. However, it is difficult to satisfy all of these requirements, and many ideas that have been published so far are to granulate the particles with the same particle size. The goal was to incorporate a lightweight porous material. However, lightweight porous materials include pumice, pumice tuff, slag tuff, Oya stone, mudstone, vermiculite,
Zeolite, perlite, pumice, bentonite, silica earth, granulated slag, foamed resin, fine wood powder, beet moss, water drainage, rotten fiber, park, compost, lime teak, paddy, smoked charcoal, coal, grass charcoal, coke, activated carbon , humic acid, etc. are well known.

Among the above-mentioned known substances, coal and grass charcoal may be similar to the black soil of the present invention, but when used for the purpose of cultivating soil for paddy rice, their properties are very different.

It is clear that coal and grass charcoal have a higher specific gravity than Kurobokusoil, have lower water absorption, and are inferior to those used for cultivation soil. Moreover, coal and grass charcoal have disadvantages in that the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus cannot be cultured well, and that P and I-1 are easily variable. It has been found that low-grade coal such as grass coal, peat, and lignite is more oxidized by oxygen in the air than black soil, producing organic acids, but their P and H content decreases over time. Therefore, it is often inconvenient as a raw material for culture.

In addition, even if the soil that exists under natural conditions has an aggregate structure, the cohesive strength and morphology of the aggregates are not constant. The grain particles are easily broken, their shape is not constant, and they tend to separate from the aggregate particles, or there is silt, etc., which is separate from the aggregate particles, and this makes it difficult to maintain the conditions for the platform soil, and it is difficult to cultivate. The work requires special ingenuity.

Furthermore, the use of granular soil as a soil for growing plants has been put into practical use. Water is indispensable in rice cultivation, and the quality of its supply and maintenance has a very small effect on the cultivation results. Therefore, saving on irrigation labor, which accounts for most of the labor involved in raising seedlings, helps improve agricultural efficiency, and improving water retention capacity greatly contributes to raising healthy seedlings and increasing yield. Conventionally, attempts have been made to add water-absorbing polymeric substances such as saponified starch-acrylonitrile graph I-copolymers and crosslinked polyethylene oxides to soil in order to improve water retention.

However, there have been problems in that the water-absorbing polymer simply blocks the gas phase in the soil, which significantly impairs its air permeability and adversely affects the growth of plants.

By the way, in Japan, a volcanic country, most of the land is made up of volcanic ash and acidic soil. For this reason, plants in Japan are low in calcium, and Japanese people who eat them lack calcium, and their blood, which already tends to be acidic due to daily activities, becomes even more acidic. This is especially true for rice, which is a staple food. Recently, it has been pointed out in various fields that it is undesirable for body fluids to become acidic.

It is generally believed that if plants are grown in strongly alkaline soil with a high calcium content, high-calcium plants containing a large amount of calcium can be harvested. However, it turns out that there is actually little relationship between them. In today's farming methods, plants do not grow in strongly alkaline soils with high calcium content, and the alkalinity is weakened by either directly neutralizing the soil with acid or by mixing it with other soils or organic acid soils. However, if it is neutralized or mixed to the extent that plants can grow, the amount of calcium absorbed by plants will decrease somewhat, and handling of organic acids is also troublesome.
2. It is expensive, and when mixing other soils, they must be transported in large quantities and then thoroughly mixed, which also has the disadvantage of being expensive. A new cultivation method in which the main raw material is mixed with water-absorbing minerals or carbon powder, the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus is cultivated at relatively high temperatures, and high-mineral rice is grown using this as culture soil. The calcium and magnesium content of the rice produced is extremely high. Additionally, the PH value has become higher than usual. According to the cultivation method of the present invention, the mineral content of rice obtained is approximately 1.5 to 2.0 times that of normally cultivated rice. This high-mineral rice can be obtained by cultivation through a rooting substance even in ordinary soil whose sides or bottom are surrounded by the culture soil of the present invention.

The present invention is a method for producing culture soil mainly composed of Kuroboku soil, which improves the properties of Kuroboku soil by adding approximately the same amount of sand and, if necessary, other ingredients. This method involves the presence of water-absorbing substances such as diatomaceous earth during mixing to industrially easily manufacture soil that has good water permeability, air permeability, and water retention, and from which high-mineral rice can be cultivated.

In other words, the present invention applies 20 parts to 100 parts of Kuroboku soil.
~50 parts of sand and similar substances are mixed and at the same time 10~3
A method for producing and cultivating a culture medium for paddy rice, characterized in that 0 parts of water-absorbing mineral or carbonaceous powder is present, the whole is mixed, and Bacillus stearothermophilus is further cultured. It is the law. The Kuroboku soil used is from the plateau.
The second type is the black soil with a lot of humus that is widely distributed in Geonyung, and is commonly called black soil. If necessary, use a sieve to remove foreign substances such as 9 pebbles and roots, and break up the nodule before use. Natural mountain sand, river sand, or artificial sand can be used as sand, but it is desirable that the moisture content is as low as possible. The water-absorbing substance added and blended during mixing is a water-absorbing mineral or carbonaceous powder.

■Physically, diatomaceous earth, zeolite 1-, perlite, vermiculite,
White clay, other mineral bodies, lignite, activated carbon, organic matter, and animal excreta such as chicken manure, pig manure, and human manure can be used. There are also carbonaceous materials such as vegetable charcoal, ash, and fermentation waste slag. If necessary, it is crushed, sieved, and dried to give it water-absorbing ability.

The bacteria used in the present invention is the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, which has a growth temperature range of 40 to 70°C, an optimum growth temperature of 50''C, is rod-shaped, and produces spores.

Wood fungi are well known, and their Dutch properties are as described in general academic books. When using wood fungi in the present invention, a convenient operation method is to mix Kurobokujyu, minerals, and carbonaceous powder, inoculate it with Bacillus stearothermophilus, mix, and add this mixture. Cultivate according to Kempo. This bacterium in the product obtained as a result of carrying out the present invention hardly dies even when the culture reaches a high temperature of 70°C, and can be inherited as an inoculum for the next raw material and used continuously. As a result of culturing at high temperatures ↑゛, it is possible to provide the culture as a dry final product. The proportion of each ingredient varies depending on the type of bacteria, the type and physical properties of the ingredients themselves, etc., but it cannot be defined unconditionally, but for 100 parts of Kuroboku soil, 20 to 50 parts of mineral matter, 10 to 10 parts of water-absorbing material powder, etc. There are 30 copies. If the amount of mineral substances is outside the above range, the properties of the resulting soil will be unsuitable for paddy rice, and if the amount of water-absorbing material powder is too small, lumps will be formed during mixing, resulting in uneven mixing. If the amount is too high, the aeration and water permeability of the soil will be impaired.

It is difficult, impossible, or inappropriate to cultivate plants using conventional cultivation methods in ordinary soils that are simply surrounded and/or underlain by mineral-rich cultivation soils. However, in soil surrounded by and/or below the soil for cultivating the product of the present invention through a root-permeable substance, rice can be easily cultivated using conventional cultivation methods to obtain high-mineral rice. can.

The reason why high-mineral rice can be easily produced by the present invention using ordinary cultivation methods is not yet clear, but by culturing the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, a substance that chelates with minerals is produced, and this is transmitted to rice through the roots. It is thought that it can be adopted. Although the structure of this substance is not clear, similar chelating substances are already known. That is,
A chelate known as mugineic acid has been announced as a substance that takes iron into plants. +5 truct, B
onding, iL, 407 (198411) This is considered to be very promising as a method for preventing iron deficiency and iron yellowing disease in rice plants.

Example 1゜], Kuroboku'2 (Yokozumi, Imadate-cho, Reitatsu-gun, Fukui Prefecture) and mountain sand, which were passed through an Osm sieve to remove coarse particles, were respectively lo
.

1 part, 30 parts of diatoms, and 1.0 part of ammonium sulfate, 1.0 part of perphosphate lime, and 0.1 part of potassium chloride as fertilizing ingredients were mixed using a blender. This is inoculated with Bacillus stearothermophilus and mixed, and the mixture is cultured according to a conventional method. The bacteria in the resulting product almost died even when the culture reached a high temperature of 70°C during the process (it did not die), and was inherited as an inoculum for the next batch of raw materials and used continuously. As a result of culturing at high temperatures, the temperature reaches its maximum within 3 to 4 days after preparation, and has both sterilization and drying effects. Table 1 shows the changes in product temperature when Kuroboku soil is used as a raw material.

Fermentation breaks down the raw materials and turns large lumps into fine powder. The products obtained in this way often have a moisture content of 35% or less, and give a smooth feel without sticking to the palms of the hands. Therefore, there is no need to use a disintegrator for fertilizer products.

The fertilizer effect of the organic fertilizer product according to the present invention is excellent, and in the case of paddy rice, the yield is increased by 20 to 30% compared to the case of applying inorganic fertilizer. Furthermore, by using the product according to the present invention for three years, it was found that there is no need for the use of agricultural chemicals, and that even if harmful bacteria adhere to the product, it inhibits their propagation.

Next, paddy rice (Koshihikari and Nipponbare) (
cl) grown in normal soil (Yokozumi, Imadate-cho, Reiritsu-gun, Fukui Prefecture) and the product grown in a mixture of 1.200 kg per hectare of the present invention, the calcium content, P, and H were compared. When compared, the results were as shown in Table 2.

. In this way, rice containing large amounts of minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which were necessary for the nutritional needs of the people, could be obtained.

It will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from its broader spirit and scope.

Example 2゜ 100 parts and 30 parts of the black soil and mountain sand used in the previous example were taken, 80 parts of dried and crushed chicken manure, 20 parts of acid clay, and 1 part of ammonium sulfate and 2 parts of perphosphate lime as fertilizing ingredients. Add 1 part of potassium sulfate, mix uniformly in the same manner as in the previous example, inoculate Bacillus stearothermophilus and mix, and culture this mixture at 40 to 70°C. The temperature of the product reaches its maximum at 3 to 4 degrees after brewing, and sterilization and drying effects are achieved at the same time. Table 3 shows the change in product temperature in Example 2.

(1) Specific gravity False specific gravity 050 True specific gravity 2.35 As shown in Table 2, in the cultivation of paddy rice using the product of the present invention, the The content of calcium and magnesium inside is about 1.2 times that of the control test, about 1.3 times as much magnesium, and much higher in P and H (2) Porosity...
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・65.
5% (3) Maximum water capacity (PE=O)...6
5 (4) 3rd cycle coefficient of atrophy (PF=4.2)...25 Next,
A seedling-raising test of paddy rice (Koshihikari) using the product of the present invention is as follows.

(1) Test soil...product of the present invention (120 soil per hectare)
Table 4 shows the growth status of Koshihikari seedlings.

Next, Table 5 shows the results of comparing the mineral content, P, and H of the rice cultivated in Example 2 with the standard product.

((Tejii O's role) (to) As shown in Table 5, the calcium content of the rice grown using the product of the present invention is about 1°3 compared to the control rice (B content is about 13 times higher, the magnesium content is about 13 times higher, [The value for mouth 4 was also clearly high,

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a high performance liquid chroma l-graph of an aqueous solution obtained from the culture soil of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows the ultraviolet absorption spectrum 1H of the culture soil of the present invention. Yaichiro 5 (branch) length (mm)

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) 20 to 50 parts of water-absorbing mineral or carbonaceous powder is mixed with 100 parts of Kuroboku soil, and at the same time, the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus is cultivated under ventilation at a relatively high temperature. A method of cultivating high-mineral rice using this soil. (2) Water-absorbing minerals include pumice, pumice tuff, slag tuff, oya stone, mudstone, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, vermiculite, pennite, diatomaceous earth, granulated slag, shirasu, and similar minerals. A method according to claim 1. (3) Carbonaceous powder includes heavy oil combustion dust, fine wood powder, beet moss, water drainage, waste fiber, bark, foamed resin, lime teak, rice hulls, smoked charcoal, coal, grass charcoal, coke, activated carbon, humic acid, compost, and 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous powder is a similar carbonaceous powder. (4) The method according to claim 1, wherein the culture temperature is 40 to 70°C. (5) In addition to the soil that can be collected from mountains and hills as Kuroboku soil, humus, soil rich in humic acid, chicken manure, pig manure,
Claim 1: Soil containing human excrement and similar substances
The method described in section.