JPH02101468A - Fine pattern forming method - Google Patents

Fine pattern forming method

Info

Publication number
JPH02101468A
JPH02101468A JP63255117A JP25511788A JPH02101468A JP H02101468 A JPH02101468 A JP H02101468A JP 63255117 A JP63255117 A JP 63255117A JP 25511788 A JP25511788 A JP 25511788A JP H02101468 A JPH02101468 A JP H02101468A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
resist
pattern
concentration
photosensitive group
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP63255117A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuhiro Yamashita
一博 山下
Yoshihiko Hirai
義彦 平井
Masaru Sasako
勝 笹子
Yoshiyuki Tani
美幸 谷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP63255117A priority Critical patent/JPH02101468A/en
Publication of JPH02101468A publication Critical patent/JPH02101468A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable a pattern sufficient in resolution to be formed by using a resist higher in the concentration of a photosensitive group in the surface and lower in the lower part in the resist applied on one of the surfaces of a semiconductor wafer. CONSTITUTION:The diazo type photoresist 2 is applied to the semiconductor substrate 1 and the substrate 1 is baked (e) from the reverse side, preferably, at a temperature of >=90 deg.C, and cooled (d) by dry air, preferably, at a tempera ture of <=23 deg.C from the surface time, resulting in forming the layer higher in the upper part 3 in the concentration of the photosensitive group and lower in the upper part 3 in the concentration of the photosensitive group and lower in the lower part 4. This resist is exposed to ultraviolet rays l by using a size reduction projection exposure device an a reticle 4. At that time, the contrast of a latent of a reticle pattern formed in the resist pattern is enhanced as com pared to the contrast between the intensities of lights incident on the surface of the resist 2, and a resist pattern 20 is formed by developing the area exposed to light l and removing it, thus permitting the contrast in the resist pattern to be enhanced and a pattern high in resolution to be formed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は微細パターン形成方法に関し、特に島解像度レ
ジストパターン形成方法に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming a fine pattern, and more particularly to a method for forming an island resolution resist pattern.

従来の技術 半導体装置は最近ますます高密度化され、各々の素子の
微細パターンの寸法は、1ミクロン以下に及んでいる。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recently, semiconductor devices have become more and more densely packed, and the dimensions of the fine patterns of each element are now 1 micron or less.

従来このような1ミクロン以下のパターン形成法として
は、5倍あるいは10倍の縮少投影レンズを有したステ
ッパにより、半導体1、発明の名称 微細パターン形成方法 2、特許請求の範囲 (1)半導体基板の表面に感光基濃度が基板表面側に多
く基板付近に少ないような分布になっているレジスト膜
を形成する工程と、光露光法により前記レジスト膜上に
半導体集積回路のパターンの潜像を生成する工程と、所
定の現像液により露光されたmJ記潜像部の前記レジス
トを除去 3、し前記レジストパターンを形成する工程
とを備えてなる微細パターン形成方法。
Conventionally, as a method for forming a pattern of 1 micron or less, a stepper having a 5x or 10x reduction projection lens is used. A step of forming a resist film on the surface of the substrate in which the concentration of photosensitive groups is distributed such that the concentration of photosensitive groups is higher on the substrate surface side and less near the substrate, and a latent image of the pattern of the semiconductor integrated circuit is formed on the resist film by a light exposure method. 3. A method for forming a fine pattern, comprising a step of generating the resist pattern, and a step of removing the resist in the mJ latent image portion exposed with a predetermined developer, and forming the resist pattern.

e)半導体基板の表面にレジスト膜を塗布し、前記レジ
スト膜の表面を冷却し基板側を所定の温度でベーキング
する事によりレジスト中の感光基濃度の分布を形成する
ことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の微細パタ
ーン形成方法。
e) A patent claim characterized in that a photosensitive group concentration distribution in the resist is formed by applying a resist film to the surface of a semiconductor substrate, cooling the surface of the resist film, and baking the substrate side at a predetermined temperature. The fine pattern forming method according to item 1.

(3)半導体基板の表面にレジスト膜を塗布し、前記レ
ジスト中に電子線を照射する事によりレジスト中の感光
基濃度の分布を形成することを特ウェハの一表面に塗布
されたレジスト上に半導体集積回路パターンからなるレ
チクルパターンが投影されていた。
(3) A resist film is applied to the surface of a semiconductor substrate, and a photosensitive group concentration distribution in the resist is formed by irradiating the resist with an electron beam. A reticle pattern consisting of a semiconductor integrated circuit pattern was projected.

第4図にステッパを用いた場合のレジスト中へのパター
ンの形成の様子を示す。第4図に示すようにレチクル(
マスク)40内に形成された白黒のパターン41は、レ
チクルパターン41に照明光43を入射すると光の回折
により半導体ウエノ・上のレジスト表面上では、レチク
ル上の遮光部となる黒パターン部44へも光が入り込む
FIG. 4 shows how a pattern is formed in a resist using a stepper. As shown in Figure 4, the reticle (
When illumination light 43 is incident on the reticle pattern 41, the black and white pattern 41 formed in the mask) 40 is diffracted into a black pattern portion 44 on the resist surface on the semiconductor wafer, which serves as a light shielding portion on the reticle. Light also enters.

発明が解決しようとする課題 こうした光の入り込みにより、レジストへの露光は口内
42に示す光強度分布となり、十分なコントラストが得
られない。又、同時にレジストに入射した光はレジスト
内を伝搬する際レジスト中で吸収されるためレジスト上
層と下層ではレジストに与えられる光量が異なる。その
結果ステッパにより露光されたレジストを所定の現像液
で現像するとレジストパターン形状はレジスト中で吸収
された光強度分布に対応した台形形状のパターン46が
形成され、充分な解像度が得られない等の問題があった
Problems to be Solved by the Invention Due to the entry of such light, exposure to the resist results in a light intensity distribution shown in the mouth 42, and sufficient contrast cannot be obtained. Furthermore, since the light incident on the resist at the same time is absorbed in the resist when propagating within the resist, the amount of light given to the resist differs between the upper layer and the lower layer of the resist. As a result, when the resist exposed by the stepper is developed with a predetermined developer, a trapezoidal pattern 46 corresponding to the light intensity distribution absorbed in the resist is formed, and sufficient resolution cannot be obtained. There was a problem.

前記した如く、従来のステッパ(特にエキシマステッパ
)により1μm以下の微細パターンを形成しようとする
と、レジスト中に吸収されるパターンの潜像のコントラ
ストが良くないため充分な解像力を有するパターンが形
成されないという問題点があった。
As mentioned above, when trying to form a fine pattern of 1 μm or less using a conventional stepper (particularly an excimer stepper), a pattern with sufficient resolution cannot be formed because the contrast of the latent image of the pattern absorbed in the resist is poor. There was a problem.

本発明はかかる点に鑑みてなされたもので、簡易な工程
により縮小投影露光によりレジスト内に形成される潜像
の改善を提供する事を目的としている。
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an improvement in the latent image formed in a resist by reduction projection exposure using a simple process.

課題を解決するための手段 本発明は上記問題点を解決するため、半導体ウェハの一
表面に塗布されるレジスト中の感光基の濃度がレジスト
表面に多く下層部に少ないレジストを用いる事により光
リソグラフィーにより露光された後のレジストパターン
のコントラストラ向上するものである。
Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses a resist coated on one surface of a semiconductor wafer in which the concentration of photosensitive groups is higher on the resist surface and lower on the lower layer. This improves the contrast of the resist pattern after exposure.

作用 本発明はレジスト中の感光基濃度をレジスト表面から下
層に向けて濃度勾配を持たせる事によりレジスト下層で
の光吸収かコントラストの良い1μm以下のレジストパ
ターンが精度良く形成出来る。
Function The present invention makes it possible to accurately form a resist pattern of 1 μm or less with good contrast due to light absorption in the lower layer of the resist by creating a concentration gradient of photosensitive groups in the resist from the resist surface to the lower layer.

実施例 本発明の第1の実施例を第1図に示す。半導体基板1上
にホトレジストであるジアゾ系レジスト2(例えば商品
名MP1.aoo)を1.5pm厚塗布する(aJ。半
導体基板を裏面から望ましくは9゜°C以上たとえば1
00’Cでベータしながら表面から望ましくは23°C
以下の乾燥空気で冷却すると、感光基の多い部分3と感
光基の少ない部分4が形成される(1))。その結果レ
ジスト中に含まれる感光基は加熱による架橋とレジスト
中での拡散現象によシ移動し、レジスト表面の感光基濃
度はレジスト下層部よりも多くなる。そしてこのレジス
トを縮少投影露光装置により、レチクル4を用いて紫外
光eを約100 m J / CΔで露光する。この時
、レジストパターン内に形成されるレチクルパターンの
潜像のコントラストはレジスト表面への入射光強度のコ
ントラストより向上する。これはレジスト内での感光基
濃度が表面から下層に向って勾配があるためレジスト下
層での光強度の吸収が小さく(内部セル効果)なるから
である。
Embodiment A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. A diazo resist 2 (for example, trade name MP1.aoo), which is a photoresist, is applied to a thickness of 1.5 pm on the semiconductor substrate 1 (aJ).
Preferably 23°C from the surface while beta at 00'C
When cooled with dry air as described below, a region 3 with many photosensitive groups and a region 4 with few photosensitive groups are formed (1)). As a result, the photosensitive groups contained in the resist migrate due to crosslinking due to heating and diffusion phenomena in the resist, and the concentration of photosensitive groups on the resist surface becomes higher than that in the lower layer of the resist. Then, this resist is exposed to ultraviolet light e at about 100 mJ/CΔ using a reticle 4 using a reduction projection exposure apparatus. At this time, the contrast of the latent image of the reticle pattern formed within the resist pattern is improved more than the contrast of the intensity of light incident on the resist surface. This is because the concentration of photosensitive groups in the resist has a gradient from the surface toward the lower layer, so that absorption of light intensity in the lower layer of the resist becomes small (internal cell effect).

そして、光βの露光部を現像除去してレジストパターン
20を形成する(C)。
Then, the resist pattern 20 is formed by developing and removing the exposed portion of the light β (C).

次に本発明の基本原理を表わす式を示す。従来、フォト
・リングラフィにおけるフォト・レジストと照射光との
相互作用は、Dillらが提唱したモデル(@Char
acterization of PositivaP
hotoregist”、アイ・イ・イ・イ トランス
オン エレクトロン デバイスズ(ITLIcIc T
ranson IElactron Devices 
) vol K D −22。
Next, a formula expressing the basic principle of the present invention is shown. Conventionally, the interaction between the photoresist and the irradiation light in photophosphorography has been described using the model proposed by Dill et al. (@Char
activation of PositivaP
photoregist”, I.I.I. Transon Electron Devices (ITLIcIc T
ranson IElactron Devices
) vol KD-22.

&7 P、445−P、 452 、 July 19
75 )が、ジアゾ系レジストの反応モデルとして広く
用いられている。これは、ジアゾ系レジストの感光基で
あるナフト・キノン・ジアジゾの濃度Mと、これの光吸
収効率人及び、ベース材料の光吸収効率B、及び前記感
光基の反応速度Gを用いて、次の様に表わす。
&7 P, 445-P, 452, July 19
75) is widely used as a reaction model for diazo resists. This is calculated as follows using the concentration M of naphthoquinone diazizo, which is a photosensitive group in the diazo resist, its light absorption efficiency, the light absorption efficiency B of the base material, and the reaction rate G of the photosensitive group. It is expressed as follows.

ここで、2はレジスト表面から垂直方向の深さ、tは露
光開始からの時刻である。又、工は光の強度、Mは感光
基の濃度である。さらに、Dillらによると、パラメ
ータ人、B、Cは次のようになる。
Here, 2 is the depth in the vertical direction from the resist surface, and t is the time from the start of exposure. Further, M is the intensity of light and M is the concentration of the photosensitive group. Furthermore, according to Dill et al., the parameters Person, B, and C are as follows.

となる。ここで、工oはレジスト表面での光強度、τ(
t)はレジストの光透過率、dはレジストの膜厚を表わ
す。したがって、ム、B、Cは厚さdのレジストに光を
照射した場合に、光の強度を測定し、その透過率の時間
変化、いわゆるブリーチング特性を測定する事によって
得られる。
becomes. Here, ko is the light intensity at the resist surface, τ(
t) represents the light transmittance of the resist, and d represents the film thickness of the resist. Therefore, when a resist having a thickness of d is irradiated with light, M, B, and C can be obtained by measuring the intensity of the light and measuring the change in transmittance over time, that is, the so-called bleaching characteristic.

一般的に広く用いられている紫外線領域でのジアゾ系レ
ジスト、例えば商品名MP2400(シップレイ社)に
ついて、mJ記A、B、Cのパラメータを実測すると人
=0.27(μm  ] 、  B := 1.77(
−μm−1] 、 C−0,0018Cc、A/mJ〕
となる。
For a commonly used diazo resist in the ultraviolet region, for example, trade name MP2400 (Shipley), the parameters of mJ A, B, and C are actually measured: = 0.27 (μm), B:= 1.77 (
-μm-1], C-0,0018Cc, A/mJ]
becomes.

上述したようにレジスト内での光の吸収と感光基濃度の
関係は(1)式で表わされるが、本発明においては(1
)式における感光基濃度の勾配を表面から底面に向って
分布させる事により、レジスト内での光強度の吸収を最
適化し現像後のレジストパターンの形状の改善が計れる
As mentioned above, the relationship between light absorption within the resist and photosensitive group concentration is expressed by equation (1), but in the present invention, (1)
) By distributing the photosensitive group concentration gradient from the surface to the bottom surface, absorption of light intensity within the resist can be optimized and the shape of the resist pattern after development can be improved.

次に本発明の第2の実施例を第2図に示す。半導体基板
6上にホトレジスト(例えば商品名MP1400)を1
.24m厚スピンコードし100°C12分間プリベー
クする(a)。次に電子ビーム照射装置により電子線9
を加速エネルギー20keYで1x1o  C/c遥照
射する。この時の照射量は現像液に現像されない照射量
であるが、基板からの後方散乱電子の影響により基板に
近いレジストの露光量がレジスト表面より多くその結果
感光基濃度はレジスト表面側が基板側よりも多くなって
いる。図中7が感光基濃度の多い部分、8が少ない部分
である(b)。次に縮少投影露光装置により100mJ
/caで露光し所望の現像液で現像すると第1の実施例
で示した如くコントラストの良いレジストパターン21
が形成される。
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. A layer of photoresist (for example, product name MP1400) is applied on the semiconductor substrate 6.
.. Spin code to a thickness of 24 m and pre-bake at 100°C for 12 minutes (a). Next, the electron beam 9 is
is irradiated at 1x1o C/c with an acceleration energy of 20keY. The irradiation amount at this time is the irradiation amount that is not developed by the developer, but due to the influence of backscattered electrons from the substrate, the exposure amount of the resist near the substrate is higher than that of the resist surface.As a result, the photosensitive group concentration on the resist surface side is higher than that on the substrate side. There are also many. In the figure, 7 is a region with a high concentration of photosensitive groups, and 8 is a region with a low concentration (b). Next, 100mJ was applied using a reduction projection exposure device.
When exposed at /ca and developed with a desired developer, a resist pattern 21 with good contrast is formed as shown in the first embodiment.
is formed.

次に本発明の第3の実施例を示す。半導体基板10上に
ホトレジスト11(例えば商品名MP1400)を1.
2μmμmビスピンコード00’Cで2分間プリベーク
するe)。この際プリベークは必らずしもする必要はな
い。その上に感光基が主成分となる水溶液12(例えば
ポリビニルアルコール中にジアゾニウム塩を混合したも
の)を塗布し、100’Cで2分間ベーギングし感光基
をレジスト中に拡散させ、感光基の多いレジスト14と
少ないレジスト13とする。従来の縮小投影露光伎fR
により150mJ/cJで露光し所望の現像液で現像す
る。その結果第1の実施例で示した如く解像度の良いレ
ジストパターン22が形成される。
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. A photoresist 11 (for example, product name MP1400) is applied 1. on the semiconductor substrate 10.
Pre-bake for 2 minutes at 2 μm μm Bispin Code 00'C e). At this time, it is not necessarily necessary to pre-bake. An aqueous solution 12 containing photosensitive groups as the main component (for example, a mixture of diazonium salt in polyvinyl alcohol) is applied on top of the resist, and baguing is carried out at 100'C for 2 minutes to diffuse the photosensitive groups into the resist. A resist 14 and a small resist 13 are used. Conventional reduction projection exposure fR
The film is exposed to light at 150 mJ/cJ and developed with a desired developer. As a result, a resist pattern 22 with good resolution is formed as shown in the first embodiment.

本実施例ではレジスト上に感光基が主成分となる水溶液
を塗布したが感光基を有機溶媒に溶かしたものを用いて
も良い。
In this embodiment, an aqueous solution containing a photosensitive group as a main component was applied onto the resist, but a solution containing a photosensitive group dissolved in an organic solvent may also be used.

発明の効果 以上述べてきたように、本発明によれば、きわめて容易
な工程を追加する事により縮少投影露光法におけるレジ
ストパターン内のコントラストが向上し高解像度のパタ
ーンが形成出来る事から超LSIの製造に大きく寄与す
るものである。
Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, by adding an extremely easy process, the contrast in the resist pattern in the reduction projection exposure method can be improved and a high-resolution pattern can be formed. This greatly contributes to the production of

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図、第2図、第3図はそれぞれ本発明の第1、第2
.第3の実施例のパターン形成法を示す工程断面図、第
4図は従来から行われている縮小投影露光におけるパタ
ーン形成方法を示す模式図である。 1.6,10・・・・・・半導体基板、2,5.11 
・・・・・ホトレジスト、3.了、14・・・・・感光
基の多い部分、4,8.13・・・・・感光基の少ない
部分、20.21.22・・・・・・露光現像後のパタ
ーン。 代理人の氏名 弁理士 粟 野 重 孝 ほか1名第1
図 4f゛°−マスク上の官長、ノでター7ベーーレシスト
決面への人身1刃Vに分布e−・虱−身↑光
1, 2, and 3 are the first and second embodiments of the present invention, respectively.
.. FIG. 4 is a process sectional view showing the pattern forming method of the third embodiment, and a schematic diagram showing the pattern forming method in conventional reduction projection exposure. 1.6,10... Semiconductor substrate, 2,5.11
...Photoresist, 3. Completion, 14... Part with many photosensitive groups, 4, 8.13... Part with few photosensitive groups, 20.21.22... Pattern after exposure and development. Name of agent: Patent attorney Shigetaka Awano and 1 other person 1st
Figure 4 f゛° - The chief on the mask, the human body 1 blade V to the surface of the tar 7 beresist is distributed e-・Lice- body ↑ light

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)半導体基板の表面に感光基濃度が基板表面側に多
く基板付近に少ないような分布になっているレジスト膜
を形成する工程と、光露光法により前記レジスト膜上に
半導体集積回路のパターンの潜像を生成する工程と、所
定の現像液により露光された前記潜像部の前記レジスト
を除去し前記レジストパターンを形成する工程とを備え
てなる微細パターン形成方法。
(1) A process of forming a resist film on the surface of a semiconductor substrate in which the concentration of photosensitive groups is distributed such that the concentration of photosensitive groups is high on the substrate surface side and low near the substrate, and a pattern of a semiconductor integrated circuit is formed on the resist film using a light exposure method. 1. A method for forming a fine pattern, comprising the steps of: generating a latent image; and removing the resist in the latent image portion exposed with a predetermined developer to form the resist pattern.
(2)半導体基板の表面にレジスト膜を塗布し、前記レ
ジスト膜の表面を冷却し基板側を所定の温度でベーキン
グする事によりレジスト中の感光基濃度の分布を形成す
ることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の微細パ
ターン形成方法。
(2) A patent characterized in that a photosensitive group concentration distribution in the resist is formed by applying a resist film to the surface of a semiconductor substrate, cooling the surface of the resist film, and baking the substrate side at a predetermined temperature. A method for forming a fine pattern according to claim 1.
(3)半導体基板の表面にレジスト膜を塗布し、前記レ
ジスト中に電子線を照射する事によりレジスト中の感光
基濃度の分布を形成することを特徴とする特許請求の範
囲第1項記載の微細パターン形成方法。
(3) A photosensitive group concentration distribution in the resist is formed by coating a resist film on the surface of a semiconductor substrate and irradiating the resist with an electron beam. Fine pattern formation method.
(4)半導体基板の表面にレジスト膜を塗布し、前記レ
ジスト膜上に感光基が主成分となる溶液を塗布し、前記
半導体基板を加熱する事により前記感光基をレジスト中
に拡散させて、前記レジスト中に感光基濃度の分布を形
成することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の微
細パターン形成方法。
(4) applying a resist film on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, applying a solution containing a photosensitive group as a main component on the resist film, and diffusing the photosensitive group into the resist by heating the semiconductor substrate; 2. The fine pattern forming method according to claim 1, wherein a distribution of photosensitive group concentration is formed in the resist.
JP63255117A 1988-10-11 1988-10-11 Fine pattern forming method Pending JPH02101468A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63255117A JPH02101468A (en) 1988-10-11 1988-10-11 Fine pattern forming method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63255117A JPH02101468A (en) 1988-10-11 1988-10-11 Fine pattern forming method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH02101468A true JPH02101468A (en) 1990-04-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63255117A Pending JPH02101468A (en) 1988-10-11 1988-10-11 Fine pattern forming method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH02101468A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06332181A (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-12-02 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> Resist structure and its preparation
US6143478A (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-11-07 Tokyo Electron Limited Resist processing method
US6238844B1 (en) * 1998-03-11 2001-05-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Process for depositing a plasma polymerized organosilicon photoresist film

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06332181A (en) * 1993-04-30 1994-12-02 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> Resist structure and its preparation
US6143478A (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-11-07 Tokyo Electron Limited Resist processing method
US6514073B1 (en) * 1997-05-20 2003-02-04 Tokyo Electron Limited Resist processing method and resist processing apparatus
US6238844B1 (en) * 1998-03-11 2001-05-29 Applied Materials, Inc. Process for depositing a plasma polymerized organosilicon photoresist film
US6589715B2 (en) 1998-03-11 2003-07-08 France Telecom Process for depositing and developing a plasma polymerized organosilicon photoresist film

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