JPH0160223B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method for treating whole seeds in order to incorporate solid substances into them. This method can be used to alter its nutritional content or to encapsulate chemicals within the berry tissue prior to subsequent and additive methods, or both. In particular, the method can be used to incorporate solids into whole seeds to increase their nutritional value as food and feed and/or to increase safety in grain handling. According to the invention, whole grains or seeds are contacted with a mixture of finely divided solid substances and an oil vehicle until said mixture is sorbed by the grains or seeds;
A method of treating grain or seed is provided, characterized in that the components of the mixture have a synergistic effect with respect to its sorption by the grain or seed. Here, the term "seed" refers to seeds of all cereals and pulses, including barley, corn, corn, millet, oat, rice, rye, triticale,
Includes wheat and soybeans, peanuts, various edible beans and others that fall into these categories. The term "whole seed" refers to pre-processed or raw,
Means a substantially whole seed. It also includes seeds of single or mixed types, varieties, and hybrids. The method is particularly applicable to whole seeds due to its significant and obvious utility. All examples were carried out using whole seeds with conventional amounts of chaff, crushed grains and other debris to illustrate the effect of chemical formulation without the need for milling. The term "sorption" includes adsorption or absorption, or both, and is used interchangeably with "uptake" or "encapsulation." The term "solid" includes mixtures of solids. By the way, it has been found that solids, in the presence of oily liquids or semisolids, sorb both phases very quickly. In general, oils, fats and greases from the animal, vegetable and mineral worlds are not sorbed by seeds at all, but to a small extent by grains. With the exception of highly reactive solid chemicals that react with the seed tissue in the presence of low moisture levels, solid substances are not accepted by the whole seed in measurable amounts, or usually not at all. In aqueous solutions containing soluble chemicals, reaction or loading occurs at the sorption sites to prevent subsequent sorption. The surprising oil/solid relationship is thus very clear. The method of the invention will be explained in detail by way of examples. All oils, fats and greases of the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms are applicable to this method. Such oily compounds and hereinafter referred to as "vehicles" or "carriers"
It may also consist of a combination of various oils, fats or greases from the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms. Although not limiting, oils, fats, and greases having relatively high melting point ranges or high aggregate molecular weights or other suitable molecular configurations are generally effective vehicles, although such differences are small. Relative cost and intended use are important in selecting a vehicle for industrial applications. For example, the use of animal fats, which include products with widely varying physical and chemical properties, is important because of their nutritional value and price (very high tonnage and fixed economic zones are very important factors for their use). Often selected. Oil-based materials are suitable for use in synergistic mixtures with solid chemicals such as borax (useful for making well drilling additives by a steaming process applied to treated grain), such as inexpensive petroleum-type oils. It may also be a non-edible type. The concept of mesomorphic states or "liquid crystals" is believed to at least partially explain the synergistic phenomenon. Neither the solid nor the vehicle has the ability to respond to unbalanced forces within the seed;
The solid and vehicle move together rapidly into the seed. The behavior of mixtures is therefore significantly different from that of the individual components. This is due to the metastable state of the seed resulting from the imbalance of vector forces induced by the polar and non-polar regions of the structure and its associated tendency to reach maximum stability. Pertinent to this phenomenon is the fact that in all cases the sorption of the two-phase system of oil and solid was much more rapid and extensive than the sole adsorption of water. Furthermore, the size and morphology of the solid crystals also precludes explanations based on particle size, since the crystals of easily sorbed low molecular weight solids are relatively large and the dimensions of the polymers are very large. Solubility is by no means a factor, since most solids are insoluble in fats and oils, and some are sparingly soluble in the frequently used solvents. Chemical reactions are not factors and do not occur.
The resulting "liquid crystal" concept continues to exhibit some properties of solid crystals, such as birefringence for polarized light, although the dimensions and morphology vary. Although the solid to vehicle weight ratio varies and is controlled by a number of factors, such changes are generally small. As mentioned above, the particle size must be such that a synergistic effect is achieved.
Generally, the particle size of the solids used was that which passed through a 60 mesh US standard sieve or through a 250 micron opening. However, some of the solid particles used had at least one dimension larger than 250 microns.
The individual solids influence the synergistic relationship of the solid as well as a particular solid mixture to the vehicle. The solid to vehicle ratio is generally between 1:1 and 6:1;
The common ratio is 4.5:1. It is readily apparent that the relatively small amount of vehicle required for synergy eliminates solubility as a criterion. Almost unlimited operational flexibility is introduced into the method. In industrial applications, the appropriate ratio of solids to vehicle to be formulated is well known and depends on the factors mentioned above. However, if the amount of carrier is insufficient, most of the solids will be quickly incorporated into the whole seed, but some solids will remain on the periphery of the seed. The required residual vehicle can be added later with substantially the same results as if added together. Similarly, large amounts of solids can be added if excess vehicle is used in the initial addition.
Often, the various batches of whole seeds to be treated are mixed together in such a way as to ensure appropriate amounts of vehicle and solids to be incorporated. If the two-phase synergistic system is properly balanced in quantity, there will be no solids or vehicles around the seed when sorption is complete, and the total dry weight of the seed will be About 35% of the mixture was sorbed. Even the grain dust that always accompanies agricultural grain is taken up, leaving behind only large debris such as twigs, straw, stones and other particles that are too large to be absorbed, known as foreign matter. Additionally, the equipment used to mix the grain with the mixture ingredients will be clean and there will be no evidence of added physical phases. The flexibility, simplicity and very high sorption rate of the synergistic mixture are inherent factors in this method, making it suitable for the treatment of large quantities of seeds at very low cost. Accurate liquid and solid metering equipment, mixers, screw conveyors, etc. are readily available. Many grain storage facilities have such equipment in operation or have such equipment readily and economically available. Said advantages are essential in such large operating areas, including the production of pulses and grains for feed and food. In this method, the seeds can be treated with various possible vehicles to suit the intended purpose and at the same time practically eliminate the risk of grain dust. For example, corn can be treated with corn oil to absorb corn dust. Similarly, soybeans can be treated with soybean oil. Oil can be extracted economically from these seeds, and the purity of such oil produced from the treated seeds can be stored if necessary. When using seeds for animal feed, it is advantageous to select those with the best combination of nutrition and economy. With the removal of dust generation, the seed handler retains the weight of dust that would otherwise be lost or collected;
as well as retain a very small weight of added vehicle. The method is effective for seeds with a wide range of moisture contents and is therefore not limited to any particular moisture content or range. Generally, seeds with natural moisture content are used for practical purposes. It is also possible to increase the water content before or after seed sorption, sometimes to sorb significantly larger amounts of solids and/or to induce or facilitate subsequent reactions. It has been found that seeds with saturated moisture are effective in this method as long as no water is present on the seed surface. However, the attraction of the synergistic mixture by the seed is very strong, and water is repelled from the grain to regulate the sorption of the synergistic mixture. However, it has been found that the phenomenon of adsorption of synergistic mixtures onto substantially dehydrated seeds is largely independent of humidity. Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and many modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. In each of the examples listed, the seeds were weighed into a glass bottle, the ingredients of the synergistic mixture were then metered in, the bottle was sealed with a screw-on metal lid, and then shaken. This method allowed visual observation of the absorption of the synergistic mixture. Furthermore, it was clear that the mixture was absorbed by the whole seed, as the metal lid and glass bottle did not absorb the mixture. In addition to visual observation and weight measurements, total nitrogen content was measured in three examples. In fact, such an additional test was superior to the absorption test for checking the analytical process. All seeds treated in a number of examples were randomly selected and cut into two parts, transversely and longitudinally. The kernel structures thus cut could be visually examined to check the homogeneity of the endosperm compared to seeds from the same lot before treatment. The endosperm of the main feed grains is almost always heterogeneous and “horny”
or a "vitreous" endosperm portion and a remaining generally white "powdery" portion. It is known that increased uniformity due to homogeneity increases tissue availability for end use. In no case was there any visible evidence of solids or vehicles so introduced in the cut seeds. For example, absorption of large amounts of salt or urea had a tendency to mask the taste of the solids so introduced. In the examples listed in the table, all weights are expressed in grams and percent of the dry weight of the seeds. Numbers in brackets indicate order of administration.
The numbers listed after the vehicle, water or solid used are the elapsed time since the last addition, and the symbols "m", "h" and "d" represent minutes, hours and days. Lowercase letters in front of entries indicate footnotes. The observed maximum time for disappearance is by no means an exact number since visual observation is approximate and difficult when seeds are active. In general, the times listed are longer than in reality. Protein content is standard Kjeldahl
The nitrogen content is analytically determined by the method and then multiplied by a factor of 6.25 and recorded as protein or equivalent protein content (standard practice in animal feed mills).

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TABLE The efficacy of various vehicles is shown in Examples 1-9 (the first change was vehicle). Three types of vehicles, animal fat (Example 2), oleomargarine (Example 5) and white petrolatum (Example 7), can be broadly classified as semi-solids. The animal fats that are added to rations and obtained from large cattle-rearing enterprises are not homogeneous products. However, there were no difficulties in incorporating it into cereals. Two excipients, white petrolatum (Example 7) and mineral oil (very heavy, Example 6)
are from the mineral kingdom; six vehicles are from the vegetable kingdom: corn oil (Example 1), olive oil (Example 4), peanut oil (Example 8), coconut oil (Example 9), and soybean oil (Example 57). , 58, 59, 60, 66 and 67), cottonseed oil (Example 64)
and oleomargarine produced from corn oil (Example 5); one is an essential oil and is anise oil (Example 3) from the vegetable kingdom; one is from the animal kingdom;
Animal fat (Example 2). The two vehicles are unrefined cottonseed oil (e.g.
64) and soybean oil (Example 66) and the mineral oil of Example 68 contained no preservatives. Anise oil was absorbed both before and after the addition of salt (NaCl). Corn oil was added after the salt was mixed with the grains. Absorption was rapid with all vehicles. A variety of solids representing a wide range of chemical classes were adsorbed as shown in the examples. NaOH, a highly reactive alkali, was rapidly sorbed by grains at normal humidity (Example 10). Later cut kernels showed significantly improved endosperm homogeneity. Approximately 15 minutes after encapsulation, the grain sample turned dark. This represents the reactions that occur between various tissues and alkali throughout the grain and includes water associated with the grain tissue. Elemental sulfur (Example 11) (sulfur flower of pharmaceutical purity) was readily sorbed. The 1%-sucrose was rapidly absorbed and then subjected to infrared heating, resulting in an endosperm that developed an aroma similar to fresh bread and had greatly improved homogeneity. Very similar results were achieved when CaO and glucose were sorbed followed by infrared heating (Example 59). The improvement in endosperm uniformity is even more pronounced in Example 13, where the reducing agent sodium formate was sorbed and the grain was then briefly but intensely exposed to infrared radiation. Calcium oxide was sorbed by corn using corn oil as the vehicle (Example 14). Subsequent infrared heating slightly improved the quality of the endosperm. CaO or Ca(OH) ₂ is used in the processing of cooking corn to produce torcher flour. Lysine, an essential amino acid that is deficient in most feed grains, is sorbed by Koriyan (Example 15) using corn oil that is mixed with the grain before addition of the amino acid and added twice after addition of this solid. Ta. In example 16, NaCl
was encapsulated in Koriyan, and then the humidity was raised to higher than 20%. The subsequent rate of water uptake was very similar to that of the same grain without NaCl. Very large, complex and disparate collections of molecules were sorbed by Koriyan using corn oil as the vehicle. The milk protein casein (e.g.
(17) was sorbed in 1 minute or less. Refined corn starch (Example 18), whose particles generally varied from 8 to 15 microns in diameter, was absorbed very quickly.
Bentonite (Example 19), a montmorillonite-type aluminum silicate clay, was also rapidly sorbed by grains. Bentonite is often used in animal feed due to its mineral content. Examples 20 and 21 demonstrate the efficacy of adding various solids all at once and vehicle intermittently. In Example 20, phenol red was sorbed onto cereal grains to detail the extent of sorption. Following sorption, several kernels were cut to expose the maximum amount of endosperm. A few drops of dilute alkaline solution were applied to the center of the endosperm without contacting the external areas. The immediate pink color development indicated the collection of dye in the center of the kernel structure.
CaO was later sorbed into the grain. In Example 21, the NPN compound (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₃ .H ₂ O, which has a strong reducing power, was sorbed into grains, and then urea was sorbed in about 5 hours. Subsequent infrared heat treatment further increased endosperm uniformity. It should be noted that another chemical in aqueous solution, borax (Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ .10H ₂ O), which is often used with starch, is not sorbed uniformly by whole grain seeds. In Example 22, borax, which is a strong swelling agent for starch in the presence of water, was immediately absorbed by whole seeds of koriyan using corn oil as the vehicle. The water was then absorbed by the grains at around 25% and then heated at 65°C for 12 hours.
After drying to normal humidity, the seeds were cut to reveal an almost homogeneous endosperm. Diethylstibestrol (DES), a synthetic hormone often used in animal therapy and in bull feed, was sorbed to corn oil using corn oil as the vehicle (Example 23). Although sorption amounts are significant for bull breeding, it is clear that lower amounts can be incorporated. Today, between government enforcement agencies and cattle producers,
There is controversy that potentially toxic meat should be produced from DES. However, the efficacy of specific feed additives, whether pharmaceutical or otherwise, is not an object of this invention. Rather, its feature lies in the method, economy and application effectiveness of encapsulating solids in whole seeds, within the clear limits of official regulations, to produce highly desirable feedstuffs and other substances for various purposes. . Experimentally, the reactive component chloral hydrate, which has been used in the production of modified starch products and has been reported as a methane production inhibitor in ruminant feed, was very rapidly purified using corn oil as the vehicle. Example 24) In this way, the relationship of the reaction components was adapted to suit subsequent processing. Viable, dry, simple-celled yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were immediately incorporated into koriyan using corn oil as an excipient (Example 25). Then water was added, followed by 12 at 37°C.
Incubation for a period of time induced gas evolution in an amount consistent with the useful sugars present in normal grains. An obvious modification is to incorporate yeast food or suitable enzymes or both at the same time. Example 26 describes the ease of incorporating the vitamin/mineral mixture into the koriyan in slight excess. Encapsulation of the same vitamin mixture containing multiple other solids and using other vehicles is described in other examples. In Example 27, a seasoning and a household meat tenderizer containing papain, a proteolytic enzyme from papaya, was encapsulated in koriyan using corn oil as the vehicle. The humidity of the treated grains was then increased to 25% and then heated for 24 hours at 65°C, the optimal temperature for papain activity. Cut kernels showed increased endosperm homogeneity. After drying and cooling, other randomly selected cut kernels also showed increased endosperm uniformity. It is clear that modification of the protein substrate increases starch effectiveness by substantially removing the inhibitory properties of that substrate. At the same time, protein availability can be increased. Nutritionists estimate the availability of starch and protein to be approximately 65% depending on the animal and method of presentation.
Calculated to be ~80%. The percentage increases due to the huge tonnage of grain used for animal feeding, and the possible increase in animal utilization is of great economic importance. In Example 28, a commercially available formulation of gibberel containing 1.65% potassium gibberellate and the remaining unknown filler was sorbed into corn oil using corn oil as an excipient. It is known that plant metabolites stimulate the germination process of seeds under appropriate germination conditions. Examples 29-38 and Example 57 describe the effectiveness of the method by encapsulating significant amounts of chemicals in whole seeds, which can be used to provide concentrated chemicals for breeding and various other processes. Necessary for the production of the products it contains. In general, grains containing relatively large amounts of solids and excipients did not increase in volume and therefore density in proportion to the amount of additives. The increase in density, which is different from the increase due to water uptake, clearly represents absorption in hitherto useless seed areas and is equivalent to an absorption test in all seed tissues. This is because the pericarp and germ part alone cannot absorb such amounts. Examples 29, 30 and 31 describe a method for sorption of 15% quicklime (CaO) in cereal seeds.
Lime, a typical calcium compound, is only slightly soluble (less than 0.2%). In two examples, the CaO was added in its entirety to the grain/vehicle mixture in one go, with example 29 using a particularly heavy mineral oil and example 30 using corn oil as an excipient. In Example 31, CaO and corn oil were added to the grains in alternating amounts of 1.3 or 1.4 g and 0.3 and 0.4 g, respectively. The change in solids to excipient ratio was not significant, although vehicle effectiveness was slightly increased. From Examples 32, 33 and 58, the ability to sorb large amounts of urea is evident and therefore a new, simple and economical method for providing products with very high equivalent protein values for ruminant feed. can get. The condensation of urea with grain polymers is an old objective, but one that has not been achieved in an economically significant manner.
Indeed, there is currently no useful method in the art for encapsulating the chemical in whole seeds, where macroscopic integrity is preserved. When applying this method, as in Example 32, where 15% of urea was absorbed into whole grains, the product obtained had an analyzed total protein equivalent of 39.68
% and the final humidity was 11.1%. It can be expected that the urea thus introduced is to some extent condensed with the grain tissue at normal temperatures.
However, the presence of heat, as is generally applied to produce rations for ruminants in large feed lots, will further increase the degree of condensation. Such condensation, observed in steam flaking or micronizing methods (infrared heating followed by immediate rolling), together with encapsulation, can reduce the rate of chemical separation and improve the utilization of residual nutrients. So it is useful to adapt. In Example 33, the Koriyan humidity was increased to 20.5% and then alternately added 0.2 and 0.3 g of corn oil.
1.5 g of each solution and urea were added over a period of time. The equivalent protein analyzed was 58.96% based on total solids at 15.95% humidity. Equivalent protein on dry basis was 70.15%. The equivalent protein in this Example 33 is higher than the oil protein concentrate and clearly shows the fixation of the method. In Examples 34 and 35, glucose suitable for readily available energy for food or feed (e.g.
34) and sucrose (Example 35) or their utility in microorganisms such as yeast cells have been described. Similarly, excellent common raw materials of NPN and phosphorus
NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ was formulated into corn yan using corn oil as the vehicle (Example 36). vehicle and solids at 3.75 and 15.0% of dry grain weight, respectively.
Blends in less than 60 seconds, solids are introduced within 15 seconds
Most of the phase systems have disappeared. The total equivalent protein content is
It was determined to be 17.53% and the phosphorus content was calculated to be 3.02% (based on total solids and final moisture). Sodium chloride (Example 37) 15% by weight of dry grains
is sorbed onto the seeds, which roughly exceeds the amount that can be sorbed into the seed coat layer from an aqueous solution of any concentration. The subsequent water uptake was extremely rapid and was only slightly suppressed by the presence of a large amount of synergistic two-phase system. Furthermore, we confirm the belief in non-polar zone sorption. Example 38 demonstrates the ease of incorporating trace amounts of mineral concentrates into the coriander when using corn oil as the vehicle. The 15% used is approximately 300 times the trace mineral requirement by ruminants in a pure ration. In Example 39, sufficient amounts of urea and corn oil were encapsulated in whole corn kernels to increase the total equivalent protein level to approximately 11%. This is sufficient for the average cattle feed ration, which generally varies from about 10.5 to 12% depending on the age of the animal. In Examples 40 and 41, sometimes “green beans” (navy
Dried northern beans called ``beans'' were used, and 0.4 g of calcium oxide was encapsulated in them using corn oil as an excipient. Then, for example
40 beans were cooked using a conventional boiling process. The required cooking time was reduced compared to untreated beans, resulting in a product that was firmer and more resistant to softness. Furthermore, this product was easy to digest. In Example 41, the same treatment was performed except that in addition to the chemical treatment, an infrared heat treatment was performed for 30 seconds. The product had a further reduced cooking time, firm beans, and was significantly easier to digest. Very similar results were observed when dry speckled quail beans (Example 42) were treated with CaO, corn oil, and then heated with infrared radiation. The beans were found to maintain their shape and desired consistency, to cook in a very short time and to be easily digested compared to untreated speckled quail beans. Example 43 demonstrates the utility of incorporating all necessary nutrients not provided by grain into whole grains to accommodate what is considered a complete ration for bull breeding. In Example 44, 2% NaCl was incorporated into raw peanut seed structure using corn oil as the vehicle. Examples 45-53 describe the encapsulation of various solids into various seeds including barley, corn, corn, oat, rice, rye, triticale and soybean. In these examples, animal fat was used as the vehicle because of its usefulness and economy, and the composition of the solid additives was the same in all examples. Humidity was also adjusted to the same level (14%) in each example. It is noteworthy that the sorption of synergistic compositions of animal fat and solids varies from a few seconds to about 30 seconds. Considering low protein grains, corn and corn, generally B
Complex vitamins and vitamin E, which are not required by ruminants as they have the ability to synthesize them, were included in the requirements for a fully concentrated cattle feed ration. This product was produced for direct processing by the feed lot operator. Coat feed can be added if required by the driver. Additionally, other benefits for domesticated animals include
NPN separation and homogeneity of feed ingredients that cannot be stratified and separated. Examples 54 and 55 demonstrate the benefits of sorption of chemicals suitable for added steam treatment. Example 54
So 1.4g of Na ₂ SO ₃ (equivalent to 0.395% sulfur dioxide)
was encapsulated in Kouriyan, and subsequently issued a U.S. patent no.
Sorption of sulfur dioxide was carried out by the method described in No. 3725081 and No. 3911147. The aim was to use reducing compounds for sorption in both the polar and non-polar phases of sorption. After steaming at 150 psig for 4 minutes, the grains were dried and ground. The product is
77.23% was soluble in cold water, an improvement over samples that used the same grain and were treated the same except that the control experiment did not contain encapsulated Na ₂ SO ₃ and oil. In Example 55, 1% calcium formate and 0.28% mineral oil vehicle were sorbed onto Koriyan and then
Steamed at 150 psig for 4 minutes. The product is 71.28%
was soluble in cold water and exhibited high adhesive properties necessary for feed pellet binders, wallboard adhesives, briquette binders, etc. Gelatinized corn, 0.4 g of corn oil, and 2 g of urea were adsorbed onto the cooked grain simultaneously to illustrate the benefits of incorporating solids into pre-treated whole grain (Example 56). Such adsorption exhibits internal vector forces such that it remains intact to adsorb the synergistic mixture despite being gelatinized. Samples identical to Examples 54 and 55, chemically modified to destroy internal primary vector forces, will not adsorb the synergistic mixture. Examples 60-69 clearly describe embodiments of the invention for the adsorption of seed dust by various seeds and using various suitable oil vehicles. These examples were selected from a large number of experiments including all daily seeds, dusts and mixtures of dusts from various seeds, and oil vehicles and mixtures of these vehicles. In most instances, dust (passed through a 60 mesh US standard sieve) was removed from the grain and then re-added at the stated rates to ensure a known amount of dust. In all instances the "dust" included a substantial amount of particles smaller than 37 microns. In all instances, the amount of dust added is substantially higher than normally present in any commodity seed (all of which produce dust during normal handling, which causes a number of serious problems). It was. Example 60 was included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method even under extremely unfavorable conditions. dust 3%
(2.66% based on "as is" grain weight) represents 15 to 50 times the amount normally found in wheat, depending on the variety of ingredients and the age and conditions of the grain. In this example, the ratio of solids (dust) to vehicle in the synergistic mixture was 3:1. Processed in this manner, the samples were milled to powder and baked in the laboratory. Water absorption, milling extraction (flour yield from grain) and most baking properties (loaf volume and bread texture and structure) of treated wheat (heat treated) compared to identical but untreated wheat (“control”) It was normal. However, the powder color, ash content and powder aroma were adversely affected, reflecting the high content of the synergistic mixture adsorbed in the grain endosperm.The reported musty odor was due to dust. In Example 61, 1/3 of the added amount of dust is mixed with wheat,
The vehicle was then mixed vigorously with the very dusty grain and the two phases of the synergistic mixture were adsorbed very quickly and simultaneously. remaining 1/ of dust
3 was mixed with wheat seeds to simulate new dust problems caused by additional handling. The last third of the dust was then mixed with grain for the same reason.
The total amount of dust added was about three times that normally found. In each case, dust adsorption was as rapid as when shaking the large glass container. Prior to the addition of the mineral oil vehicle, the condition of the bottle was very hazy and opaque. There was no visible dust after adding the synergistic mixture. Continue milling wheat,
The resulting powder was baked to yield a product that appeared normal compared to the "control" grain. The wheat used in Example 62 was dehydrated to 14.9% humidity, especially to demonstrate that the effectiveness of the method is not dependent on the moisture content of the grain. No difference was observed in the degree of sorption of the two phases corn oil and wheat dust compared to wheat containing normal moisture. Koriyan dust (1/2 of the total amount) was mixed with Koriyan before addition of the corn oil vehicle (Example 63) and the remaining amount was mixed after the synergistic mixture was adsorbed. Adsorption of the residual amount was always extremely fast, since the vehicle had already been dispersed. In Example 64, wheat dust was used in combination with Koriyan whole seeds and unrefined cottonseed oil to demonstrate the incompatibility of special raw material dust and special types of seeds. Grain lifters generally handle a variety of daily grains that inevitably contain mixed dust and, to some extent, even seed types. Example 65 used a synergistic mixture of corn dust and corn oil with corn,
This is clearly advantageous when the intended use involves the production of corn oil. For animal feed purposes where large quantities of corn are used, any oil-based vehicle could be suitably used (eg, unrefined soybean oil in Example 66). Virtually all soybeans are processed into two primary products: soybean meal and soybean oil. In Example 67, when mixed with soybean dust and then mixed with unrefined soybean oil, the synergistic mixture was sorbed very quickly. Furthermore, equal amounts of added soybean dust were mixed with the soybeans twice. No diffused dust was observed when the sample was shaken. Such practice allows the soybean supplier or processor to protect the purity of the oil product if desired, even though the amount of oil vehicle added is often very small. Mix 1/3 of the added amount of rice dust with rice (Example 68),
All food grade mineral oil was then mixed in.
Simultaneous adsorption of the two phases by rice was typically quite rapid. As in the previous example, reduce the remaining amount of dust to 1/
Two equal portions were added to simulate new dust problems caused by subsequent handling of the rice grain.
As shown in the table of examples, the adsorption of all added dust was very rapid. In Example 69, it was combined with whole barley seeds as a vehicle.
Animal fat at 65°C was used with barley dust. The rate and efficiency of adsorption of the synergistic mixture was similar to the other examples. Apparently all the oil-based vehicles described herein are effective when used with seed dust or other mentioned solids. Simultaneous and total adsorption of the synergistic mixture generally required a solids (dust) to oil vehicle ratio of 3:1 to 4.5:1. However, when using an insufficient amount of vehicle compared to the amount required for total adsorption of the two phases, excellent dust control was obtained due to preferential adsorption of the smaller particles. Larger particle fractions are not responsible for explosive conditions. Thus, in application of the practice of the present method, ratios of 6:1 to 10:1 were found to suppress the superior efficacy of the method. Since the amount of dust is generally very small compared to the weight of the grain, the amount of vehicle used is required to be small. For wheat dust control e.g. Vehicle 250
~500ppm (0.025-0.050 on dry grain weight)
%) is sufficient. If excess vehicle is applied to a given amount of grain, the grain may be mixed with the same but untreated grain. Conversely, if too little vehicle is used to adsorb the dust present, it may be clearly advisable to use additional vehicle on the grain. From the foregoing description and examples, the present invention has resulted in a series of new processes and products, which are based on the surprising discovery of the phenomenon of whole-seed sorption of synergistic mixtures of solids and oil vehicles. The method encapsulates large quantities of solids in a virtually unlimited composition and with an ingredient availability that is significantly comparable to that of the seed tissue and that does not subsequently degrade into raw ingredients. be able to. Additionally, in selected embodiments, the reaction to those dyes,
Adsorption followed by reaction, reaction in the subsequent addition step, large amounts of solids sorbed, pan baking tests, etc., revealed that the sorption state of the synergistic mixture encompasses the coarse structure of the entire seed tissue. . The effectiveness of providing whole seeds with well-enhanced nutritional value in solid sorption conditions with widely varying chemical composition and physical configuration is also evident. A method is provided that obviates the obstacles of many seed utilization methods that rely on seed crushing. This process utilizes the intact natural seed structure to take advantage of current and future grain market routes and results in a variety of seeds with nutritionally better balanced energy sources. Due to the realization of very fast and accurate processing at a cost that is almost the theoretical minimum,
Seeds containing reactive chemicals, catalysts, growth cells, etc. are obtained for subsequent and additional processing steps. Additionally, a method is provided for sorption of solids into whole seed tissue to obtain what is considered a complete ruminant ration. Furthermore, a significantly effective and economical method is provided for eliminating the explosive nature of grain storage, reducing the risk of fire and improving the environment for employees and the general public. It is readily apparent to those skilled in the grain utilization art that all such products according to the present method have significantly enhanced properties for subsequent use or processing. The invention is not limited to the method embodiments and the various devices described, but rather these are illustrative and various modifications are possible within the spirit of the invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Whole grain or whole seed is contacted with a mixture of a finely divided solid material and an oil vehicle until the mixture is sorbed by the grain or seed, and the components of the mixture are A process for the treatment of grains or seeds, characterized in that it has a synergistic effect with respect to its sorption by the grains or seeds. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fine solid material particles pass through a 60 mesh US standard sieve. 3. The oil vehicle is of the group consisting of oils, fats and greases of the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms, in particular mineral oil, soybean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, oleomargarine, white petrolatum, animal fats and olive oil. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, selected from: 4. The grains or seeds are grains of cereals or seeds of pulses, in particular from the group consisting of barley, corn, corn, millet, oat, rice, rye, triticale and wheat, speckled quail beans, northern beans, soybeans and peanuts. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method is selected. 5. Is the finely divided solid material a non-protein nitrogen-containing material that increases the total protein equivalent of the treated seed to approximately 50%; or reacts with the tissue in the seed to improve tissue utilization and/or or a chemical that increases endosperm homogeneity; or a chemical that reacts with the endosperm tissue, thereby making the treated endosperm tissue more available and hydratable and easier to digest. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: or dust associated with the seeds which reduces the risks arising during handling or storage of the seeds. 6 Fine solid substances include sodium tetraborate, calcium oxide or its hydrate, chloral hydrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium formate, calcium formate, sodium sulfite, sodium chloride, sulfur,
Sucrose, glucose, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, urea, borax, diethylstilbestrol, potassium gibberellate, yeast, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium sulfate, lysine, agnesium sulfate, zinc oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric carbonate, copper sulfate , ethylenediamine dihydriodide,
Cobalt carbonate, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid or vitamins A, D, C, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ or E
Claim 5 selected from the group consisting of
The method described in section. 7. The ratio of fine solid material to oil vehicle in the synergistic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 9:1 by weight, particularly when the fine solid material is a non-protein nitrogen-containing material or a reactive chemical. About 1 if:
1 to about 6:1, and when the fine solid material is dust, about 3:1 to about 9:1. Process 8 of claim 1, wherein the finely divided solid substance is urea and the treated grain or seed is converted into a concentrated nitrogen source having a total equivalent protein content of at least 70% (on a moisture-free basis). The method described in any one of paragraphs 7 to 7. 9. Subjecting the treated grain or seed to infrared heating to increase endosperm uniformity and availability, or treating the treated grain or seed, particularly when the finely divided solid material is calcium oxide or its hydrate. Applying overpressure steam pressure to produce a product with increased water solubility and adhesion properties.
The method described in any one of the preceding paragraphs. 10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein substantially all of the synergistic mixture is sorbed into the entire seed structure within a period of up to about 5 minutes.