DK158330B - PROCEDURE FOR TREATING CEREALS OR SEEDS, WHEREAS THE CORE OR SEEDS ARE CONTACTED WITH AN OILY BEAR - Google Patents

Description

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DK 158330B

The invention relates to a method of treating grain or seeds, whereby the grain or seeds are contacted with an oily carrier.

The process can be used to change their nutritional content or to encapsulate chemicals in the fruit tissue in preparation for subsequent and added processes, or for both. ^ The process can be used in particular to incorporate solid materials into whole grains or seeds to increase their nutritional values for 10 feed purposes. and / or to improve personal or property safety when handling grain.

From the disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 3,806,613, it is known to enrich reduced iron grain products and optionally a vitamin-mineral prebreathing, by spraying the products with a slurry comprising reduced iron or a vitamin-mineral premix slurried in an oily material. The process can be applied to cereal products which, during the various milling stages of such cereal products, have lost a large part of the natural grain's vitamin-20 and mineral content. All sorption of the slurry into cereal products is readily due to their milled state, but there are no directions for obtaining sorption of whole grain or seed mixtures which are surrounded by a strong, cellulose-containing and difficult permeation in the casing.

In contrast, with the present invention there is provided a method for treating grains or seeds in which a method is obtained for sorbing a treatment mixture for grains or seeds with shell, so that any step associated with peeling is avoided.

According to the present invention there is provided a method for treating grain and seeds, thereby contacting the grain or seeds with an oily carrier, the process being characterized in that the grain or seeds are whole grains or whole seeds, that fine solid material is added to the oily carrier and the mixture is sorbed by the grains or seeds, the weight ratio of the fine solid to the oily carrier being between 1: 1 and 10: 1, with the mixture components being synergistic with 2

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considering their sorption in the grains or seeds.

As used herein, the term "seeds" refers to all cereals and legumes and includes barley, corn, dura grains, millet, oats, rice, 5 rye, triticale, wheat and soybeans, peanuts, various edible beans, and others in these categories. The term "whole seeds" means seeds which are essentially whole, whether previously treated or raw. It also includes seeds of a single or mixed type, varieties, hybrids and the like. The method is particularly applicable to whole seeds because of its unusual and obvious utility. All the examples were carried out with whole seeds and included the usual amount of chaff, broken kernels and other fragments to illustrate the efficacy of the incorporation of chemicals without the need for finding.

The term "sorption" includes adsorption and absorption, or both, and is used to mean "incorporation" or "encapsulation" including variations thereof. The term "solid materials" includes mixtures of solid materials.

It has been found that solid materials in the presence of oily liquids or semi-solid materials result in the very rapid sorption of both phases. Normally, oil, grease and grease are sorbed from 25 animal, vegetable and mineral origin of the grain, but

sparingly of the seeds, if at all. With the exception of extremely reactive solid chemicals, which react with the seed tissue in the presence of even the low normal water content, solid materials are not received by whole seeds in measurable quantities and usually not at all. IN

In aqueous solutions containing chemicals which are soluble, reaction or "charge" of the sorption centers occurs, preventing further adsorption. Thus, it is very evident that the connection between oil and solids was unexpected.

35 Methods of the invention will now in particular be described by way of example only.

Oils and fats from all sources are useful in the process. Referring now to such oily compounds as

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3 is an "agent" or "carrier" and may consist of combinations of different oils and fats from all sources. Although there are no restrictions, oils and fats with relatively high melting ranges or higher aggregate molecular weight or other relevant configurations are usually more effective agents, but such differences are small. The choice of commercial use agent will concentrate on the relative cost and intended use.

Eg. The use of animal fat, including products with widely varying physical and chemical characteristics, has been a frequent choice 10 due to nutritional value and price, a factor of considerable importance when using very large tonnage and rigid economic circles. The oily material may be a non-edible type such as an inexpensive petroleum type for use in a solid chemical synergetic mixture, such as borax, useful in preparing a good oil drilling addition by means of a steaming process added to the treated grain.

It is believed that the mesomorphic state or the "liquid crystal" concept is at least a partial explanation for the synergetic phenomenon. Neither the solid materials nor the agent alone are capable of responding to the unbalanced forces within the seeds, but together the solid materials and the agent move rapidly into the seeds. Thus, the behavior of the mixture is clearly different from that of the separate components. It is thought to be due to the metastable state of the seeds, which results from an imbalance of vector forces induced by the polar and non-polar regions of the structure and accompanying attempts to achieve maximum stability. Relevant to the phenomenon is the fact that in each case, the sorption of the 2-phase system of oil and solids was significantly faster and more extensive than 30 simple adsorption of water. Further, the size and shape of the solid crystals preclude an explanation based on the particle size due to the size of very large polymers and the relatively large low molecular weight solid crystals that are easily sorbed. Solubility is by no means a factor because most of the 35 solids are not soluble in grease and oils and some are hardly soluble in any frequently used solvent. Chemical reaction is not a factor and does not happen. In the "liquid crystal" concept, crystals may change in size and shape but continue to exhibit any of the solid crystals 4

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properties such as polar refraction double refraction.

The weight to weight ratio of solids varies and is influenced by several factors, although such change is usually low. As argued, particle size must be such that the synergistic effect is obtained. Generally, the particle size of the solid materials used has been that which would pass through a US wire mesh # 60 or would pass through a 250 micron aperture. However, particles of some of the materials used 10 have been larger than 250 microns in at least one dimension. Individual solids affect the synergetic ratio of solids, as well as the special mixture of solids. The ratio of solid to medium ratio is usually from 1: 1 to 6: 1 with 4.5: 1 as a general ratio. It is readily seen that the relatively low amount of agent required in the ratio impedes solubility as a criterion.

Almost unlimited flexibility is incorporated into the process.

In commercial applications, the proper ratio of solid (s) to agent to be incorporated will be known and will depend on the above factors. However, if the carrying amount is insufficient, most of the solid material will be carried quickly into the entire seed, but with some of the solid material remaining on the seed housing. The remaining solid material requirement can be added later when convenient, with essentially the same results as if it had been added at the same time. Likewise, more solid material may be added if an excess of agent has been used at first addition. More likely, different batches of treated whole seeds would be mixed together in a manner that would ensure the right amount of incorporated agent and solids. When the synergetic 2-phase system is properly quantitatively balanced, neither the solid materials nor the agent will be present on the seed houses when sorption is complete, and as much as approx. 35% of such a mixture has been sorbed 35 based on the dry weight of the whole seeds. Even grain dust, which always accompanies land-grown grain, is incorporated and leaves only large fragments, such as sticks, straws, stones, known as "foreign matter" (f.m.) and other particles too large to be adsorbed. Furthermore, the apparatus used for mixing the grain 5

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with the blend components, clean and lacking any signs of both added physical phases.

Flexibility, simplicity and the very high sorption rate of the synergetic blend are factors which are inextricably linked to the method of preparation and which combine the mode of production with processing huge quantities of seeds at extremely low cost. Accurate liquid and solid material measuring devices, mixers, transport augers and the like are easily accessible. Many grain storage facilities have such equipment in operation or could quickly and economically acquire such devices. The aforementioned benefits are imperative in such large-scale business areas, including the preparation of legumes and cereals for animal feed purposes.

In the present method, seeds can be treated with a variety of possible means to suit the intended purpose and effectively eliminate grain dust hazard at the same time. Corn for example. can be treated with corn oil and adsorb corn dust. Likewise, soybean beans could be treated with soybean oil. The oils are generally extracted from these seeds and the purity of such produced oils from treated seeds could be retained if desired. For seeds to be used for animal feed, a choice may simply become one with the best combination of nutrition and economy. In addition to eliminating dust releases, seed handling operators may maintain the dust weights otherwise lost or accumulated as well as withholding the very small weight of the added agent.

The method is effective on seeds of widely varying moisture content and is therefore not limited to any particular moisture content or range. Commonly, seeds with natural moisture content are used because of the easily conspicuous practicality. Occasionally, the moisture content can be increased, either before or after the sorption of solids, when unusually large amounts of solids must be sorbed or to induce or facilitate subsequent reactions or both. Seeds containing saturated moisture have been shown to be effective in the process if there is no water on the seed surfaces. Even then, the seeds' attraction to the synergetic mixture is so strong that water can be displaced from the grain to allow space for adsorption of the synergetic mixture. Sorption of the synergetic mixture into highly dehydrated seeds, however, has shown that the phenomenon is largely independent of the accompanying moisture level. An obvious way out is utilizing the current 5 physical conditions, no matter what they are.

The following specific examples are given by way of illustration.

In each of the examples listed, the seeds were weighed into a glass jar followed by weighted additions of the synergetic blend components, the jar hermetically sealed with a screw-type metal yoke and then shaken. In such a method, the sorption of the synergetic mixture could be visually observed. Furthermore, since the metal yolk and glass jar could not adsorb the mixture, it was obvious that the mixture was sorbed by the entire seeds. In addition to visual observation and weight measurements, three of the examples were measured for total nitrogen. Indeed, such additional evidence was more a control of analytical procedure than a proof of sorption.

20 In many of the examples treated whole seeds were randomly selected and cut in two, both laterally and longitudinally. The core structure thus exposed could be visually examined to ascertain endosperm uniformity compared to seeds from the same batch prior to treatment. The endosperm of the main feedstock grains is almost always uneven with a portion of the endosperm "horny" or "glassy" and the remaining "milky", usually white. An increase in uniformity toward homogeneity is known to provide increased tissue availability for maximum utilization. In no case could any of the solid materials or agent thus introduced be seen in the shared seeds. The sorption of large amounts of salt or urea e.g. tended to mask the taste of the solid materials thus introduced.

In the table listing the examples, all weights in grams and pro-35 centers are based on the seed dry weight. Numbers in parentheses indicate the order of additions. Numbers by the agent, water or solids used indicate the elapsed time since the second preceding addition and letters such as "m", "t" and "d" indicate minutes, hours and days. Lowercase letters in front of entries refer to 7

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footnotes. The observed maximum disappearance time is by no means an accurate number, since visual observation is approximate and difficult when seeds are moving. Usually, the times indicated are greater than the actual occurrences. The protein content was determined by analyzing the nitrogen content by the standard Kjeldahl method, then the nitrogen content was multiplied by a factor of 6.25 and reported as protein or equivalent protein content, a standard method in the animal feed industry.

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15

TEXT FOR EXAMPLES

α-Starch-Pearl Maize Starch b / -l-Bentonite 5c-phenol red-phenolsulfonaphthalein, an indicator d / -Borax - Na2B407'10H2 ° e / -DE5-Diethylstilbestrol f / -yeast commercial, dried (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) g / -Tenderizer commercial meat preparation with spice and papain h / -Gilbrel commercial preparation of potassium gibberellate 1.65% active ingredient in /-northern beans-dried, from retail source j / -Pinto beans-dried, from retail source 15 k / - (Alt.) - Alternative addition of agent and solids 1 / - (S) - concurrent addition of agent and solids w / vitamin-mineral mixture 0.5g comprising:

4000 USP vitamin A 20 400 ICU vitamin D

50 mg vitamin C 3 mg vitamin Bj 3 mg vitamin B2 1 mg vitamin Bg 25 5 mcg vitamin Bj2 20 mg niacin 5 mg pantothenic acid 10 IU vitamin E 23 mg calcium 30 17 mg phosphorus 0.05 mg iodine 2.5 mg potassium 5 mg iron 1 mg magnesium 35 n / minerals trace mineral bleaching for ruminants 20.00g comprising: 1. 568g Mn as MnSO ^ 2.592 g Zn as ZnO ^

DK 158330B

16 1,176 g Fe as FeSO4.7H, O and FeCO3 0.200 g Cu as CuSO2 0.275 g I as ethylenediamine dihydroiodide 0.132 g Co as CoCO2 + CaCO4 carries 5% inorganic mixture as follows: 1.981 g NH4H2PO4 1.923 g (NH 4) 2 SO 4 0.356 g (NH 2) 2 CO urea 0.653 g CaO 0.600 g NaCl

Spormi neral respiration 15,000 mg Mn as MnSO 4 4,960 mg Zn as ZnO 2,250 mg Fe as FeS04.7H20 and FeCO3 0.038 g 0.383 mg Cu as CuSO ^ 0.527 mg I as ethylene diamine dihydroiodide 20 0.253 mg Co as CoCO / premixed chemicals as follows: Trace minerals (0.036%) 3.75 mg Mn as MnSO4

6.20 mg Zn as ZnO

2.80 mg Fe as FeSo4.7H20 FeCO3 0.04784 g 0.48 mg Cu as CuSO4 0.66 mg I as ethylene diamine hydroiodide 0.32 mg Co as CoCO3 + CaCO3 carries 0.95675 g NaCl (0.718%) 0.95675 g CaCO3 (0.718%) 0.47838 g (NH4) H2PO4 (0.359%) 0.38270 g (NH4) 2 SO4 (0.287%) 1.53080 g urea (1.147%) 1.91351 g Bentonite (1.435 %) 0.04783 g Lysine.HCl (0.036%)

DK 158330B

17 V i tami n-mi neral past and i ng

1343 USP vitamin A 134 ICU vitamin D 5 16.8 mg vitamin C

1 mg vitamin Bj 1 mg vitamin B2 0.3 mg vitamin Bg 1.7 mcg vitamin Bj2 6.7 mg niacin 1.7 mg pantothenic acid

3.3 IH vitamin E

7.7 mg of calcium 5.7 mg of phosphorus 16.2 mcg of iodine 0.8 mg of potassium 1.7 mg of iron 0.3 mg of magnesium 6.50592 g total (4.875%)

TEXT FOR EXAMPLES

The efficacy of various agents is shown in Examples 1-9 in which the agent was the primary variable. Three of the agents animal fat (example 2), oleomargarine (example 5) and white earthen oil jelly (example 7) can be roughly classified as semi-solid materials. The animal fat obtained from a large cattle fattening farm where it is added to the ration was not a uniform product. However, the incorporation into the grain did not encounter any difficulties. Two carriers of white petroleum jelly, "Vaseline" (Example 7) and mineral oil (extra heavy) (Example 6) are of mineral source; 6 of the agents are from vegetable source corn oil (Example 1), olive oil (Example 4), peanut oil (Example 8), coconut oil (Example 9), soybean oil (Examples 57.58.59, 60.66 and 67), cotton seed oil 35 ( Example 64) and oleomargarine made from corn oil (Example 5); one is an essential oil, anise oil (example 3) from a vegetable source and one is from an animal source, animal fat (example 2).

18

DK 1583S0B

Two of the agents were impure cotton seed oil (Example 64) and soybean oil (Example 66) and the mineral oil of Example 68 had no preservative. Anise oil was adsorbed both before and after the addition of the salt (NaCl). Corn oil was added after the salt had been mixed with the grain. By all means, sorption was rapid.

Various solid materials representing widely different chemical types had been sorbed as shown by the Examples. NaOH, a highly reactive base, was rapidly sorbed (Example 10) by the grain 10 at normal humidity. Kerns that are later shared reveal a significantly improved endosperm uniformity. Ca. 15 minutes after encapsulation, the grain sample darkened, suggesting reaction between different tissues and the base through the carriers and involving water associated with the grain tissues.

15

Sulfur as element (Example 11), sublimated sulfur plumes of pharmaceutical purity were easily sorbed. 1% sucrose (Example 12) was readily adsorbed, then subjected to infrared heat, eliciting a fresh bread-like aroma, and an endosperm with much improved uniformity. Very similar results were obtained when CaO and glucose were sorbed, then heated by infrared energy (Example 59). Endosperm uniformity enhancements were even greater in Example 13 in which a reducing agent, sodium format, was sorbed, then the grain was subjected to a short but intense infrared exposure. Calcium oxide was sorbed by corn (Example 14) using corn oil as the agent. Subsequent infrared heating improved the endosperm quality somewhat. CaO or Ca (OH) 2 is used in the maize cooking process to produce corn cake flour. Lysine, an essential amino acid deficient in most of the feed grains, was sorbed by dura grains (Example 15) using corn oil which was mixed with the grain for the addition of the amino acid and added twice after the addition of solids. In Example 16, NaCl was encapsulated in dura grains and then the moisture was increased to more than 20%. The subsequent water adsorption rate was very similar to the rate of the same grain without NaCl.

Very large, complex and similar molecular aggregates were sorbed by durrak grain, using corn oil as the agent. casein,

DK 158330 B

19 milk protein (Example 17), was sorbed for 1 minute or less. Pearl corn starch (Example 18), whose granules generally range in diameter from 8 to 15 microns, was very readily adsorbed. Bentonite (Example 19), a montmorillonite type aluminum silicate clay, was also rapidly sorbed by the grain. Bentonite is frequently used in animal feed because of its inorganic content.

Examples 20 and 21 show the efficacy of adding various solid materials, one at a time, with intermediate 10 additions of the agent. In Example 20, phenol was red sorbed by the grain to illustrate the sorption extent. After sorption, several cores were split to expose the largest amount of endosperm. Small droplets of dilute alkaline solution were added to the center of the exposed endosperm in a manner that precludes contact with the outer regions. The instant evolution of a pink color suggests sorption of the color at the center of the core structure. Later, CaO was then sorbed into the grain. In Example 21, (NH₂SOSHHHO, a highly reducing NPN compound) was sorbed in the grain, followed by 5 hours of sorption of 20 urea. Subsequent infrared heat treatment resulted in greatly increased endosperm uniformity.

As noted with other chemicals in aqueous solution, Borax (^ B ^ .lOHgO), often used in conjunction with starch utilization, is sorbed uniformly by whole grains. In Example 22, Borax, a powerful starch for starch in the presence of water, was readily adsorbed by whole dura grains and with corn oil as the agent. Water was then adsorbed by the grain to 25% level, then heated to 65 ° C for 12 hours. After drying to the normal moisture content, the seeds were split 30 and showed endosperm that was almost uniform.

Di ethyl stibestrol (DES), a synthetic hormone frequently used in animal therapy and stud feeding rations, was sorbed into dura grains (Example 23) using corn oil as the agent. The 35 sorbed amount was large in the context of stud fattening, but it is obvious that smaller quantities can be incorporated. There is an ongoing dispute between state regulatory agencies and cattle feeders because of possible toxic meat produced from animals fed with DES. Effective of any special feed additive, whatever

DK 158330B

20 drug or other, however, is not the object of the present invention. Rather, the efficacy of the solid seed encapsulation process lies within the clear scope of official regulations, prudence, and efficacy to produce highly desired feed materials and other materials for various purposes.

Chloral hydrate, a reactant used to make a modified starch product experimentally, and reported as an inhibitor of methane production in ruminant feeding, was very quickly incorporated into durrak grain (Example 24), using corn oil as an agent. Thus, a reagent-reactant ratio is formed which is suitable for subsequent treatment.

15 Yeast cells (Saccaromyces cerevisiae) living, dried and simple plant cells were easily incorporated into durrak grain, using corn oil as the carrier (Example 25). Subsequent addition of water, followed by the incubation at 37 ° C for 12 hours, effected gas production in amounts consistent with available sugar in the normal 20 grains. An obvious variation would be the simultaneous incorporation of yeast foods or appropriate enzymes, or both.

Example 26 illustrates that vitamin-mineral blotting is easily incorporated into dura grains, although somewhat unusually large in quantity. The encapsulation of the same vitamin mixture, including a large amount of other solids and using a different agent, is included in other examples.

In Example 27, a household meat mortar, including spices and papain, a papaya plant proteolytic enzyme, was encapsulated in durrak grain, using corn oil as the agent. Moisture content in the treated grain was then increased to 25% followed by heating for 24 hours at 65 ° C, an optimum temperature for papain activity. Shared cores revealed a greatly increased endosperm density. After drying and cooling, other randomly selected shared cores also showed increased endosperm uniformity. It can be seen that the degradation of the protein matrix increases starch availability by removing a significant portion of the inhibitory characteristics of that matrix. At the same time, protein availability may be increased.

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Nutritional physiologists have estimated the starch and protein availability to be approx. 65-80% depending on the animal and the mode of expression. When these percentages are multiplied by the vast tonnage of grain used for animal feeding, possible increases in 5 animal utilization are of enormous economic importance.

In Example 28, a commercial preparation, Gibrel, containing 1.65% of potassium gibberellate and the residue a filler of unknown origin was sorbed in the durrakorn sample using corn oil as a carrier.

The plant metabolite is known to stimulate the seed germination processes under suitable germination conditions.

Examples 29-38 and 57 illustrate the efficacy of the process in encapsulating immeasurably large quantities of whole seed chemicals 15 necessary for the preparation of products containing concentrated chemical sources for feeding and various other processes. The grains containing relatively large amounts of solids and carriers generally did not increase in volume relative to additive amounts and thus increase density. The increased density, unlike that occurring from water adsorption, is highly indicative of adsorption to available areas of the seed and is the same as evidence of sorption in all seed tissues, since it is impossible to sorb such large amounts in seed house and soil alone. sprout fields.

Examples 29, 30 and 31 illustrate methods for sorption of 15% burnt lime (CaO) in grass seeds. Typically for many calcium compounds, lime is very easily soluble in water (less than 0.2%). CaO was added to cereal blends all at once in two examples, using extra heavy mineral oil Example 29 and corn oil 30 as the carrier in Example 30. In Example 31, CaO and corn oil were added to the grain alternately in steps of 1.3 or 1.4 g and 0.3 and 0.4 g. Although agent efficacy was slightly increased, the change in carrier solid to weight ratio was smaller.

Examples 32, 33 and 58 illustrate well the sorption efficiency of urea in large quantities, thus providing a new, simple and economical method of providing a product with a very high equivalent protein value for ruminant feeding. The condensation of urea with grass grain polymers is an old purpose, one that is not

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22 has been achieved in a way that is economically attractive. Of course, at present, no method is available to those working in the field which provide for the encapsulation of this chemical in whole seeds, in which the whole integrity of the seed is preserved. Using the present process, such as that in Example 32, where 15% of urea was adsorbed by whole grains, the resulting product had an analyzed total protein equivalence of 39.68% and a final moisture content of 11.1%. It is to be expected that the urea introduced will to some extent condense with the 10 carrier tissues at ordinary temperatures. However, the presence of heat, such as that normally used to produce rations for ruminant animals in large fattening flocks, would still further increase the degree of condensation. Such condensation observed in vapor peeling or "micronizing" method, the latter being a method involving infrared heating, followed immediately by rolling, together with the encapsulation itself serves to inhibit the rate of chemical release to be more closely adapted the availability rate of the remaining nutrients.

In Example 33, grain moisture was increased to 20.5% and then corn oil was added in increments of 0.2 and 0.3 g and urea in increments of 1.5 g added alternately over a period of time. The equivalent protein analyzed was 58.96% with 15.95% humidity based on total solids. Dry protein equivalent protein was 70.15%. Equivalent protein in this example (33) was higher than oilseed protein concentrates and clearly shows the flexibility of the method.

Examples 34 and 35 illustrate the rapid addition of glucose 30 (Example 34) and sucrose (Example 35), which is peculiar to fast available energy for food or feed or availability for microorganisms such as yeast cells.

Likewise, NH 2 HgPO 2, an excellent and commonly used source 35 for NPN and phosphorus, was incorporated into durrak grain, using corn oil as the agent in Example 36. The agent and the solid were 3.75 and 15.0% by weight, respectively. the dry grain was incorporated in less than 60 seconds, with most of the two-phase system disappearing within 15 seconds after the introduction of the solid

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23 materials. Total equivalent protein content was determined at 17.53% and phosphate content was calculated to be 3.02% both based on total solids and final moisture content.

Sodium chloride (Example 37) was sorbed by dura grains in an amount of 15% by weight of dry grain which greatly exceeds the amount that can be sorbed in the seed coatings from aqueous solutions of any concentration. Subsequent water adsorption was rather rapid and only slight in the presence of the large quantities 10 of the synergistic two-phase system to further support the conviction of sorption from non-polar regions.

Example 38 illustrates the ease of adapting a trace mineral concentrate in dura grains using corn oil as the agent. The 15%, 15 used, represent approx. 300 times the general requirement for the ruminant animal in a pure ration.

In Example 39, sufficient urea and corn oil were encapsulated in whole grain grains to increase the total equivalent protein level to about 20%. 11%, sufficient for the average cattle feeding, which usually ranges from approx. 10.5 to 12% depending on the age of the animal.

Dried northern beans, sometimes called "marine beans", were used in Examples 40 and 41, where 0.4 g of calcium oxide was encapsulated therein using corn oil as a carrier. The beans in Example 40 were then prepared by traditional cooking. The required cooking time was reduced compared to raw beans and yielded a product that tends to be firmer and not mushy.

30 Further, the product seems to be easier to digest. In Example 41, the treatment was the same except that a 30-second infrared heat treatment was added to the chemical treatment. The resulting product exhibited further reduced boiling time, firmer beans and in particular was easier to digest.

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Very similar results were obtained when dried pinto beans (Example 42) were treated with CaO, corn oil and subsequent heat from an infrared source. The beans retained shape and desired firmness, were cooked in significantly less time and were observed to

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24 is digested with less difficulty compared to untreated cooked pinto beans.

Example 43 shows the usefulness of incorporating all of the required nutrients that the grain is not already provided in the whole dura cereal to form what is considered a complete ration for stud fat. Subsequent infrared heating significantly increases endosperm uniformity.

In Example 44, 2% NaCl was incorporated into the seed structure of raw peanuts, using corn oil as the agent.

Examples 45-53 clearly illustrate the efficacy of encapsulating a large variety of solid materials in various seed types, which include barley, corn, dura grains, oats, rice, rye, "triticale", wheat and soybeans. In these examples, animal fat, because of its utility and economy, was used as a remedy and the solid additive combinations were identical in all examples. The humidity was also adjusted to the same level (14¾) in each example. As noted, the sorption of the synergistic combination of animal fat and solids ranged from a few seconds to ca. 30 seconds. By considering low-protein grains, maize and durum grains, the requirements for a complete concentrated bovine treatment ration have been achieved, although the B-complex vitamins and vitamin E 25 are not normally required by ruminants as they have the ability to synthesize these substances themselves. The products have been prepared for immediate treatment by the feed operator, only the amount of roughage, if any that is required by the operator can be added. Also included are other benefits to the fed animal, such as slow NPN 30 delivery and uniformity of feed ingredients that do not layer and separate.

Examples 54 and 55 have been included to demonstrate the advantages of chemical sorption suitable for added steam treatment. In Example 54 35, 1.4 g of Na 2 SO 2 (equivalent to 0.395% sulfur dioxide) was encapsulated in dry grains prior to sorption of sulfur dioxide, which was carried out by the procedure described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,725,081 and 3,911,147. It was an object to place a chemical reducing compound in both polar and non-polar

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25 sorption areas. After steaming for 4 minutes at 1034 kPa overpressure, the grain was dried and ground. The product was 77.23% soluble in cold water, an improvement over a sample of identical grain and identically treated except that the control experiment did not encapsulate 5 SO 2 and oil.

In Example 55, 1% of calcium format and 0.28% of mineral oil were sorbed by the dura grain, then steamed for 4 minutes at 1034 kPa overpressure. The resulting product was 71.28% soluble in cold water and exhibited the strong sticky characteristics required by a feed pellet binder, wall board adhesive, carbon briquette adhesive and the like.

To illustrate the advantage of incorporating a solid material into 15 previously treated whole grains, gelatinized corn, 0.4 g corn oil and 2 g urea were simultaneously adsorbed by the cooked grain (Example 56).

Such adsorption shows that the intrinsic vector forces are intact to effect the adsorption of the synergistic mixture even though the corn was gelatinized. Predictably, samples identical to Examples 54 and 55, but which have been chemically degraded to destroy most of the inner primary vector forces, would not adsorb the synergistic mixtures.

Examples 60-69 clearly disclose the embodiments of the invention 25 directed to the absorption of seed dust by different seeds and using various suitable oily agents. The examples presented were selected from a large number of experimental examples which include all the commercial seeds, dust and mixtures of these agents. In most cases, the dust had been screened from the grain (through a US 60 mesh screen (0.250 mm) and then added again in amounts shown to secure the known amount. In all cases, "dust" includes large amounts of particles, less than 37 microns In all of the illustrative examples, the amount of dust added represented significantly more than is normally found in any seed merchandise, 35 of which all produced dust through normal handling and posed a number of serious problems.

Example 60 was included to illustrate the effectiveness of the process even under extreme and unreasonable circumstances. The three

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26 percent dust (2.66% based on "as is" grain weight) represents an amount of 15-50 times more than normally found with wheat according to various sources and depending on the age and condition of the grain.

In this example, the solids to dust ratio in the synergistic mixture was only 3: 1. Thus treated, the sample was ground to flour and baked by an independent laboratory. Water adsorption of the treated wheat (tempering), mill extraction (flour obtained from the grain) and most baking characteristics (bread volume and bread grain and texture) were normal compared to identical but untreated wheat (control). However, flour color, ash content and intermediate levels were adversely affected, reflecting the high content of synergistic mixture absorbed in the grain endosperm. The reported "musty" odor was caused by the dust.

The wheat of Example 61 was mixed with 1/3 of the total added dust, then the agent was blended vigorously with the extremely dusty grains resulting in a very rapid and simultaneous adsorption of both phases of the synergistic mixture. Another third of the dust was mixed with the wheat seeds to simulate the release of 20 new dust caused by further handling. The last third was then mixed with the grain for the same reason. The total amount of dust added was approx. 3 times more than you normally encounter. In each case, the dust adsorption occurred as quickly as the large glass container could be shaken. Prior to the addition of the mineral oil agent, the jar atmosphere was extremely foggy and opaque. After the whole synergistic mixture was added, no dust was visible at all. Subsequent grinding of the wheat and baking of the resulting flour produced results which were considered normal compared to "control" grains.

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The wheat used in Example 62 was dehydrated to 1.49% humidity especially for the purpose of demonstrating that the efficacy of the process and the moisture content of the grain were independent. No difference in sorption rate of the two phases, corn oil and wheat dust, was observed compared to wheat with a normal moisture content.

Durrak grain dust (half of the total) was mixed with durrak grain before the addition of corn oil (Example 63) and the rest was added after the synergistic mixture had been adsorbed.

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The adsorption of the latter is always significantly faster because the agent is already dispersed.

In Example 64, wheat dust was used in conjunction with whole grains and 5 purified cotton seed oil to illustrate that it is irrelevant that it is a special source of dust along with a particular seed type. Grain carriers generally handle various commodities with the inevitable blend of dust types and even to some extent the mixture of seed types.

10

The synergistic blend of corn, dust and corn oil was used in conjunction with corn in Example 65, an obvious resort when the intended use includes the production of corn oil. When intended for animal feed where most of the corn is used, any of the oily agents may be used appropriately, such as the crude soybean Example 66.

Virtually all soybeans are transformed into two primary products, the soybeans! and soybean oil. As shown in Example 67, 20 soybean dust was mixed with soybeans, then mixed with crude soybean oil, resulting in the very rapid sorption of the synergistic mixture. Another two equal additions of soybean dust were then mixed with the beans. No atmospheric dust could be observed when the sample was shaken. In such practice 25, a soybean supplier or processor could protect the purity of its oil products if desired, even then the amount of the oily agent to be added would be extremely small in most cases.

A third of the added dust was mixed with the whole rice grains (Example 68) followed by mixing all the mineral oils used for food. Simultaneous adsorption of both phases of the rice was typically remarkably rapid. As in the previous example, the remaining dust was added in two equal volumes 35 to simulate the release of new dust caused by further handling of grain. As shown in the table of examples, the adsorption of all dust additives was very rapid.

65 ° hot animal fat was used as the agent in Example 69 together

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28 with barley dust in connection with whole barley. The adsorption rate and efficiency of the synergistic mixture approached that of the other examples.

It is clear that all of the oily agents described herein can be used with seed dust or the other solid materials described.

In general, a solid (dust) to oily agent ratio of 3: 1 to 4.5: 1 was required for the simultaneous and total adsorption of the synergistic mixtures. However, in any case where insufficient agent was used, insufficient relative to that required for total adsorption of both bases, there was excellent dust control due to the preferential adsorption of the smaller particles. Dust particles do not cause explosive conditions. Therefore, in the practical application of the method, the ratios 6: 1 to 10: 1 were found to exhibit excellent efficacy of the method. Since the dust amounts are generally very small compared to the grain weight, the required amount of agent is quite small. For the control of wheat dust, for example, 20 250-500 p.p.m (0.025-0.050 based on the weight of dry grain) of the agent is appropriate. In the event that an excess of agent was used for a given batch of grain, that grain could be mixed with similar but untreated grain. Conversely, if too little agent was used to adsorb the dust present, an obvious means would be to add additional agent to the grain.

From the foregoing discussions and examples, it is obvious that an impressive array of novel methods and products have been provided with the present invention, which is said in light of the surprising discovery of the whole seed sorption phenomenon of the synergistic mixture of solids. and oily agents. The method provides for encapsulating a large amount of solid material in virtually unlimited combinations and in a manner which provides component availability which is closer in parallel to the seed tissues and excludes its subsequent dissolution into original components. It is further shown in the selected examples by their reaction with a dye, subsequent adsorption reactions, reactions in the subsequently added processes, large amounts of adsorbed solid materials, bread baking tests and the like that 29

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the whole structure of all seed tissues is involved in sorption of the synergistic mixture. The effectiveness of the sorption of solids was also illustrated, which solids vary greatly in chemical composition and physical configuration to impart significantly enhanced nutritional qualities to whole seeds.

Provided are methods that avoid many seed utilization processes which are dependent on seed division. The treatment method utilizes the natural seed structure intact to utilize the grain-outlet channels, current and future, and provides the various seed-consuming units with an energy source that is better nutritionally balanced. Embodiments of the very rapid and accurate treatment at a cost approaching a theoretical minimum provide the seed with reactive chemicals, catalysts, visible cells and the like for subsequent and added treatment. Furthermore, a method is provided for sorbing solid materials throughout seed tissue to provide what is considered to be a complete ruminant ration. In addition, an extremely efficient and inexpensive process for the adsorption of dust 20 is provided to eliminate grain layer explosions, reduce fire hazards and improve the environmental conditions of the involved staff and the general public immensely. All such products according to the method will immediately indicate to those working in the field of seed utilization that the properties for subsequent use or treatment are significantly increased.

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Claims (7)

A method of treating grains or seeds, thereby contacting the grain or seeds with an oily carrier, characterized in that the grains or seeds are whole grains or whole seeds, that fine solid material is added to the oily carrier, and that the mixture is sorbed by the grains or seeds, the weight ratio of the fine solid material to the oily carrier being between 1: 1 and 10: 1, with the mixture components being synergistic with respect to their sorption in the grains and seeds. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the particles of the fine solid material can pass through a US sieve 60 (0.250 mm). 15 Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oily carrier is selected from oils or fats of animal, vegetable or mineral origin, in particular mineral oil, soybean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, oleomagarine, white petroleum oil. animal fat and olive oil. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grains or seeds are cereal grains or leguminous seeds, in particular barley, maize, dura grains, millet, oats, rice, rye, triticale, wheat, pinto beans, northern beans, soybeans and peanuts. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fine solid material is a non-protein nitrogenous material and the total protein equivalence of the treated seeds is increased to approx. 50%, or is a chemical that reacts with the seed tissues to increase tissue availability and / or endosperm uniformity upon subsequent use, or is a chemical that reacts with the endosperm tissue, making the treated endosperm tissues more accessible, hydrable and more easily digestible, or are dust associated with the seeds, thereby reducing the hazards arising from handling or storing the seeds. 31 DK 158 3 30 B Process according to claim 5, characterized in that the fine solid material is selected from sodium tetraborate, calcium oxide or its hydrate, chloral hydrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium formate, calcium formate, sodium sulfite, sodium chloride, sulfur, sucrose, glucose, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, urea sulfur. , borax, diethyl pathway 1bestrol, potassium gibbellerate, yeast, ammonium biphosphate, sodium sulfate, lysine, manganese sulfate, zinc oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric carbonate, copper sulfate, ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, cobalt carbonate, niacin, pantothenic acid, or vitamins A, B, B ^ 10 or E. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fine solid material is urea and that the treated grains or seeds are converted to a concentrated nitrogen source with a total protein equivalent content of at least 70% on a moisture-free basis. 20 25 30 35