JPH01502927A - Ice making, chilled water systems and methods - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Ice making, chilled water systems and methods The present invention generally relates to cooling systems used in applications such as air conditioning and process cooling. The present invention relates to systems and methods for producing water. In particular, the present invention For overnight ice making and ice harvesting to produce chilled water during peak power load demands during The invention relates to chilled water systems and methods that include thermal energy storage based on the present invention. term “Water° is sometimes commonly treated with anticorrosive water or The working fluid of the system is generally water with other chemicals added to it. used as an indication.

Background of the invention A number of different systems and methods for achieving thermal energy storage are commercially available today. used in These systems are divided into several general categories. Ru. i.e. ice-on coil system, ice harvesting system, salt water circulation system, slush ice production system and eutectic salt mash It is a water containment and storage system that uses water or water.

Ice on coil system Many commercially available units are “ice on coil” systems, where the ice is actually water. It is produced outside a coolant transport coil placed in a filled storage tank. US Patent No. 4゜656.836 (Gi1bertson) is of this type. The ice-on-coil system represents the most effective state of the art system in Disclose. Ice-on-coil systems have a large number of Has problems and limitations.

They are of sufficient manufacture to yield the number of tons and hours of ice storage required for the application. Requires the use of long coils of pipe inside the storage tank to provide an ice surface Ru. These long coils are expensive in terms of materials and construction. Furthermore, They generally require the use of large amounts of coolant to charge this system. Ru. This coolant charge is expensive, and if leakage is an inherent risk, the overall cooling There is a loss of coolant charge.

The ice-on-coil system occupies approximately 50 percent of the storage tank volume. It only generates ice up to a point. These systems therefore generally produce approximately It has been determined that 3 cubic feet of ice storage is required. gilbertson '836 patent is sealed and pressurized for direct connection to a chilled water utilization system. Discloses an ice-on-coil system with a stressed storage tank. However, most ice-on-coil systems use tanks open to atmospheric pressure. and separate for virtually any chilled water use system with a static pressure head. In water harvesting systems that require a heat exchanger interface, the ice is first cooled by liquid cooling. produced on a heat transfer surface (evaporator) cooled by an agent and then by mechanical means or by using a flash thaw cycle to melt the ice layer near the heat transfer surface. Harvested from the surface. Ice making and harvesting equipment is a storage area from which ice is dropped when it is harvested. must be physically installed on the storage tank. Ice harvester system is large Occupies space, installation is complicated and difficult, and is assumed by ice when falling into the tank The geometric profile provided requires approximately 3.3 cubic feet per ton hour. Ru.

salt water system In the brine system, a 25 to 30 percent brine solution is cooled in a separate cooler; Plastic pipe coil in storage tank to then generate ice on the coil Similar to an ice-on-coil cooling system except that it is circulated through the ice-on-coil cooling system. . This same brine solution passes through a coil and loads the cooling ice produced on the coil. It is circulated for effect. These salt water systems reduce heat transfer efficiency and Additional pumping horsepower is required due to fluid density and viscosity. They are also system load compared to chilled water systems using treated water or weak salt water solutions. Requires larger heat transfer coils on the sides.

Salt water systems are designed to prevent salt water from degrading system components already attached to the load side. Therefore, it is difficult to improve and use existing chilled water equipment. substantially additional significant expense is required to install larger coils in the load side equipment. brine type of thermal storage system generally has about 4.2 cubic feet per ton hour of ice storage. It is clearly shown that there is.

Mizore (S 1ush) ice generator These are also currently available systems for producing sleet ice for heat storage systems. It is Tem. One such system moves sleet through a cooling system. Large diameter, horizontally mounted, with thruster type agitator to keep the Use a cooled tube with a slow flow of water flowing through the tube.

Another system uses a device of large diameter vertical cooling tubes, each with water has a highly abrasive internal surface through which a film of water flows, and a film of water gradually cools as ice cools on the surface. and then drop into the storage tank at the end of the tube. Both of these systems systems are complex, relatively expensive, and difficult to install.

Another sleet ice generation system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,401°449 (M artin et al.). In this system, water flows through a serpentine cooling channel. It is pumped in large quantities through the oil. The '449 patent specifies that ice crystals are Forms on the internal walls of the coil and is eventually scraped away by the high velocity water flowing through the coil. This indicates that the A mixture of ice crystals and water is collected in an ice storage tank at atmospheric pressure. However, this specification shows that the formation of additional ice crystals occurs when the mixture remains It is stated that it is enhanced by a decrease in pressure.

Sleet ice systems do not have high ice backing densities and can store up to 2 tons per hour of ice storage. ．． Requires 5 to 3.0 cubic feet. Controls on the chiller side of the system during ice making Control is difficult.

ice containment system In ice containment systems, the ice-making medium is placed in a special container placed within the storage vessel. The cooling liquid is stored in the container to freeze the contained medium during the ice-making cycle. circulate over the na.

During the thaw cycle, liquid is pumped onto the container to cool it and then It is then supplied to the cooling load circuit.

eutectic salt system Eutectic salts stored in specific containers are used in one type of water containment system. be done. These salts freeze without expansion at about 47 degrees F, and therefore cooling at 50 degrees F compared to the 42 degrees to 45 degrees F achieved in most chilled water systems. Produce water. These higher chilled water temperatures are required to achieve the specified cooling. Requires greater expansion of load side heat transfer components. Is this in a modified facility? Add additional costs.

These eutectic systems are therefore one of the major advantages of ice-making thermal energy storage systems. I will not give you. Its advantage is cooling water for load side, load side pipe, air Gives all the benefits of a real reduction in water coil and air blower horsepower in the treatment equipment. It's about getting better. These eutectic salt systems generally have low ice storage efficiency and are Requires approximately 5 cubic feet per hour.

Leakage of the container holding the eutectic salt material due to consequent corrosion of system components. Another potential danger in these systems is that prior art systems are not sealed. Negative thermal energy for use in cooling in solid rigid plastic spheres The sphere is filled with a special liquid chemical that does not expand when it freezes. or partially filled with water to account for internal expansion during freezing. That's it. This type of system is expensive and requires special treatment of the heat storage bulb, but That's because they have to be filled and sealed at the factory. This is full Additional shipping costs are incurred due to the weight of the loaded balls.

These rigid sphere water containment systems produce 2.0 to 2.5 cubic feet per ton hour. Requires large amounts of ice storage. Additionally, if a standard steel tube cooler is used to cool the working fluid, 25 to 30 percent glycol in aqueous solution. ol) is used to provide freezing of the liquid in the cooling tube. freezing like this ruptures steel pipes and destroys coolers. The concentration of this glycol in the cooler and To reduce the heat transfer efficiency in the load side chilled water coil and to pump more viscous liquids Requires the use of higher pump horsepower.

Generally all prior art systems suffer from one of cost, complexity, size or form limitations. The above restrictions apply. These limitations have obvious social and economic implications for the heat storage concept. Despite its advantages, it has tended to hinder the use of heat storage technology. This is a commercially available improvement This is especially true for segments. The most conventional ice making and thermal storage systems Difficult to adapt to retrofit existing chilled water air conditioning systems with components Yes, it is expensive.

In particular, prior art systems have been designed to accommodate 30,000 to 50,000 square feet of media. Costs and implementation used in improvement projects involving adjustment spaces of the size of It is inappropriate from this point of view.

In this field, for new configuration projects and medium size project (30-50,000 sq. ft.) to large projects (100,000 sq. ft.) To improve existing commercially available equipment of all sizes up to There is a clear need for improved ice making and thermal storage systems that will facilitate acceptance of this technology. Exists.

A first object of the present invention is to provide an improved ice making thermal storage system and method. It is.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an ice making thermal storage system and method that is easy to install and operate. It is to provide law.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an ice making thermal storage system and an ice making thermal storage system with improved quantitative efficiency of ice storage. The purpose of this project is to provide a method and method.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cooling system for use in an ice making thermal storage system. It is to provide the stem.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid cooling system with improved operating efficiency for operation. The aim is to provide a

Another object of the invention is to provide both ice making and live load chiller modes. By providing ice making and storage systems including chiller systems that can operate in be.

Another object of the invention is that ice storage is maintained in a sealed container without being pressurized. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved ice making thermal storage system.

Another object of the invention is in closed tank and open tank storage applications. Provides an improved system and method for ice making and storage suitable for use It is to provide.

Another object of the invention is to improve the fundamental configuration or improvement project of media size. An objective of the present invention is to provide an economically viable ice making thermal storage system for use in ice making systems.

Another object of the invention is to provide a production system with accurate inventory measurements of stored ice charges. The purpose is to provide an ice thermal storage system.

Features and advantages of the invention One aspect of the invention features a chilled water system. That is, it has a first freezing temperature. a structural arrangement defining a container for containing a first liquid; It is a combination of a large number of ice storage devices that make up the majority of the ice storage system. Each of the ice storage devices includes a sealed container and has a second freezing temperature that is higher than the first freezing temperature; It is filled with a second liquid characterized by volumetric expansion during freezing. Container equipment is the second Imperfect geometry to allow increased storage volume of the container when the liquid freezes It features a unique shape and a deformable wall structure. The second freezing temperature is higher than the first freezing temperature. The first liquid in the container is cooled to a temperature below the freezing temperature to cool the second liquid in the container equipment. Also included is a liquid cooling system operatively associated with the container for freezing the liquid.

The liquid cooling system preferably continuously extracts a first liquid from a container and cools a second liquid. cooling the first liquid to a temperature below the heat transfer temperature maintained at a temperature below the freezing temperature; Includes a sump cooling system that returns the liquid to the container. In addition, the control system can accommodate ice The first liquid in the container freezes into the second liquid for a period of time sufficient to freeze the second liquid in the device. continues its operation until it is cooled to a temperature below the first freezing temperature and above the first freezing temperature. It is provided so that the cooling means can be controlled as follows.

A preferred cooling system has an input header and an output header at its ends, and a Tubes of small holes arranged in the form of closely paralleled bundles extending between and an elongated cylindrical shell having multiple sections.

The liquid pump system extracts the first liquid from the container and pumps it through the input header. pump at a velocity into the tube and then return it to the vessel through the output header.

The chiller system flows liquid coolant inside the chiller shell and outside the tubes. cooling the first liquid passing through the tube. Preferably, bulk liquid coolant is the amount required to evaporate to provide the desired cooling capacity for the heat exchanger at least about twice as large.

Preferably each tube of small holes in the heat exchanger has a uniform velocity of liquid passing through it. Will this occur unexpectedly if the cooling system is not equipped or the entire cooling system is malfunctioning? Thickness that can withstand the pressure caused by freezing of the liquid in the tube The walls are made of stainless steel. thick wall stainless steel The tube wall also has high velocity fluid pumped through it. Eliminate destructive corrosion.

The heat exchanger shell is placed approximately identically in a surge tank containing cold water coolant. Located on the shaft, it carries cold refrigerant from the surge tank and the refrigeration compressor and condenser. A coolant water injector system that receives hot coolant from the sensor coupling removes excess liquid coolant. used for injection into heat exchangers (e.g. for evaporation due to loads passing through this circuit). Approximately twice the amount of coolant required) is also more desirable. This is a cooling The velocity of the liquid coolant across the heat exchanger tubes together with the boiling action of the agent This results in the advantage of increasing heat transfer from the tube to the coolant.

The ice containment device has an external screw thread at one end for attaching a cap onto it. Preferably includes a molded plastic container with a shaped neck. Yes. Screw on cap with self-adhesive liner attaches to the neck of the container I'm being kicked. This means that the ice containment device is moved empty to its installation location and then Allows the device to be filled with liquid. Deionized water is Preferred for filling ice containment equipment due to its advantageous freezing properties. It is higher than tap water It has a high initial freezing temperature and maintains a consistent freezing temperature due to residual liquid. tap water The impurities are concentrated in the unfrozen portion of the liquid, further lowering the freezing point.

To further improve the freezing properties of the liquid inside the water containment device, a small amount of freeze-enhancing material is added to it. can be placed inside. This is the initial freezing temperature, i.e. when the first ice crystals are inside the container. Promote the initial formation of ice in the container by increasing the temperature at which it begins to form. Ru.

In a preferred embodiment, the majority of the ice containment device consists of regular, generally parallel bars. a molded first form of plastic container having the form of an eve; Constructed to hold at least several gallons of liquid. Top and bottom of container The walls have a length and width at least several times the size of the side and end walls of the container. Having a wall thickness that provides substantial wall flexibility to allow expansion of the internal volume. . Ice containment devices are stacked one on top of the other, end-to-end and side-to-side. are stacked to form a compact three-dimensional array of containers within a container. container at least one top and bottom wall of the at least one top and bottom wall having a protrusion arrangement thereon to separate one from the other. the top or bottom of an adjacent container adjacent to the protruding part when stacked on top of one another; Separated by a short distance from a wall. This is the top wall of one container and the container above it. Forming a liquid flow channel between the bottom wall and the bottom wall.

The ice making and chilled water system of the present invention is a build-up system that uses a container with a sealed form. easily configured to supply chilled liquid to the air conditioning system of a this In such an overall system, a portion of the ice in the ice containment device is gradually melted. The first liquid is connected to the air cooling system to provide cooling for the building. A device is provided for controllably pumping to.

In this application of a more general inventive concept, the top tank is the top of the building. It is attached to a point and supplied with cold water. This top tank is open to atmospheric pressure. with an input port formed at the bottom of the wall and an output port formed at the top of the wall. do. The input port is connected to the container and is connected to the container when ice is formed within the ice containment device. and receives the first liquid extracted from the liquid. The top tank is the second liquid in the ice containment device. A volume corresponding to a small portion of the total liquid that is expelled from the container when it is completely frozen. have

Also, in this adaptation, the inventory tank is attached to or attached to the class level. with an input port on the top of the wall and an output port on the bottom of the wall. , is released to atmospheric pressure. The input port is from the top tank to the inventory tank. to the output port of the top tank to transfer the overflow amount of the first liquid to the top tank. Concatenated. This inventory tank indicates that the second liquid in the ice containment device is completely empty. It has a volume at least equal to the total amount of liquid transferred from the container when frozen.

The inventory pump is connected to the output port of the inventory tank and is connected to the first of liquid from the inventory tank to the container or optionally directly to the top tank Pump it. Liquid level gauges are located in the top tank and inventory tank. mounted on. The pump control device predetermines the liquid level in the top tank. Switch on the inventory pump means and turn on the top valve when the inventory when the liquid level in the tank rises to a predetermined upper level. The pump means is coupled to the first level gauge means for switching off the pump means.

The controller will check whether the liquid level in the inventory tank is rising to a pre-calibrated level indicating that substantially all of the second liquid has frozen. coupled to a second level gauge means for switching off the liquid cooling system when be done.

The invention also features a method for supplying chilled liquid to a chilled liquid utilization circuit. shall be. The method includes containing a first liquid characterized by a first freezing temperature. including the formation of a container configured to Many water containment devices are It is formed. That is, The imperfect geometry is designed to allow the storage volume of the container to increase due to the freezing of the liquid inside. A large number of plastics characterized by geometric shapes and deformable wall structures forming a container and subjecting the container to a second freezing temperature substantially higher than the first freezing temperature; Fill with a second liquid characterized by temperature and then pour this conte into a second liquid. Formed by a sealing step to prevent liquid from escaping.

These water containment devices are then placed into containers and occupied by the water containment devices. At least a majority of the volume of the unfilled container is filled with the first liquid. first liquid during the ice-making cycle for sufficient time to freeze the second liquid in the water containment device. and then cooled to a temperature higher than the first freezing temperature and substantially lower than the second freezing temperature. Ru. The first liquid is circulated through a sealed container and utilization circuit during the load cooling cycle. ring, thereby melting the ice in the water containment device.

In general, the present invention provides a number of significant advantages over prior art systems. cooling pump All systems except the runt have no moving parts and are very easy to manufacture and install. is operated. Furthermore, this system is secure and robust. For example, freezing a heat exchanger Even knots do not damage this system. It has very different standards Used with refrigeration compressor and condenser equipment for different refrigeration and ice storage Manufactured in a variety of standard size modules to handle storage requirements. It's also big installed as multiple units to achieve the required chiller capacity for large installations. Ru.

A preferred cooling system with a heat exchanger mounted within the surge drum is Significantly smaller than spring-on-coil systems and other prior art systems Use coolant charge. It is possible to operate close to the heat exchanger, i.e. The temperature between the remaining liquid and the temperature of the coolant passing through the heat exchanger shell is several degrees apart. For example, the temperature of the liquid is about 26 degrees F and the temperature of the coolant is about 20 degrees F. It's the temperature difference.

The 20 degree F suction temperature of the refrigerant is an advantage and it is necessary for refrigeration compressors. This is because it reduces horsepower. The closer the discharge water temperature and suction temperature are to each other, the more , the operation of this system is more effective. The close action is caused by a small hole heat exchange channel. facilitated by liquid velocity through the tube. This system can be filled with liquid, A small temperature between the liquid at e.g. 28.5 degrees F and the remaining liquid e.g. 26 degrees F. It is operated effectively by the difference. The harmless freezing feature mentioned above is an additional benefit. .

The cooling system of the present invention is also head pressure independent. That's 100 psig It operates effectively with coolant discharge pressures from the condenser as low as (60 degrees F). Ru. This improves the nighttime operation of the entire system.

The water storage device of the present invention increases the ice storage efficiency of the system over prior art systems. It gives you the advantage of Regarding ice on coils, ice harvesters and sleet ice systems. Storage efficiencies range from 40 to 60 percent. Preferred form of water containment The system of the present invention with the device has a storage container capacity of at least about 65 liters in the water containment device. It is possible to approach the same level of ice storage efficiency by storing 70% as ice. However, when the water storage device is filled with water and expands its volume, the system of the present invention It has the additional advantage of This improves ice storage efficiency and increases the The ice produced is detected by measuring the amount of liquid transferred.

The system of the invention relies on system pressure supplied by a connection to the top tank. Therefore, it is preferable to carry out the test in a sealed tank. The present invention also Used in open tank form. If desired, the invention may also be applied to sealed and pressure-free as disclosed in the Gilbertson patent specification Although used in added tanks, closed tank storage is inherently simpler. It is safer and therefore the preferred approach.

The combination of water containment storage features and liquid cooling features of the present invention is approximately 10 to 15 percent effectively carried out by the first liquid in the storage container containing the glycol solution of the agent. It will be done. The concentration of this glycol has a small effect on the heat exchange and pump properties of the working fluid. affect. It is further concentrated by a glycol concentration of 25 to 30 percent. Load side coil upsizing to feature compressed brine do not need. In improved equipment, the expense of converting to a larger water coil is eliminated by the present invention. avoided by the use of systems and methods. 10 to 15 percent greens Coal solutions are commonly used in cold water systems to inhibit rust formation. There is not much difference in the conditioned water used and its operating characteristics.

Water storage equipment is deionized due to the approximately 6 degree freezing point difference between glycol and water. filled with water. As is known, ice usually has a temperature below the normal freezing temperature of a liquid It does not begin to form in a closed container until several times lower. but However, once ice begins to form, it only lasts as long as the liquid is maintained at normal freezing temperatures. continues to be generated. The freeze-enhancing material placed within the water containment device was deionized Allows the water to start freezing at a higher initial temperature and thus the overall freezing characteristics of this system. improve sex.

For systems where cold water discharge temperatures are desirable, the water containment system of the present invention has temperatures below the freezing point. filled with a mixture of water and chemicals. Glycol concentration in storage tank water The temperature and coolant suction temperature are determined by the solution in the water containment device and the liquid circulating through the storage container. It is adjusted as necessary to maintain a sufficient temperature difference between the body and the body.

The water containment system of the present invention achieves the desired glycol concentration in the storage tank. Therefore, the required amount of glycol is lowered.

Naturally, the glycol solution also contains the desired glycol when circulated directly through the load. The amount of liquid is a function of the total amount of liquid circulating through the chilled water system.

Other objects, features and advantages of the invention may be obtained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. From consideration of the detailed description below, it will be apparent that FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a system; FIG.

FIG. 2 shows a storage tank showing a backing arrangement for a water containment device according to the invention. FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a cooling system according to the invention taken along line 3-3 of FIG. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a partial schematic diagram of another top tank installation according to the invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a series of operating modes for an ice making and chilled water system according to the present invention. It's rough.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of one embodiment of a water containment device according to the invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view of one embodiment of a water containment device according to the invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of another embodiment of a water containment device according to the invention.

FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating features of a water containment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9B is a diagram showing the features of a prior art water storage device.

Figure 1O shows a suitable system for filling the water containment device with deionized water at the installation site. show.

FIG. 12 shows the ice melting characteristics of a preferred form of water containment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 includes a cooling system connected in parallel and a storage vessel connected in series. 1 shows an apparatus for an ice making and chilled water system according to the present invention.

Figure 14 illustrates the use of an ice making, chilled water system in accordance with the present invention in a rooftop retrofit application. vinegar.

Figure 15 shows the parts used to form another type of storage container according to the invention. show.

FIG. 16 shows a method according to the invention using a storage tank component of the type shown in FIG. The chilled water circulation portion of the system is shown.

Figure 17 shows a stack for a water containment device in a storage vessel of the type shown in Figure 16. This figure shows one shape of the square shape.

FIG. 18 is a side view of a storage container according to the invention.

FIG. 19 is a front view of a storage container according to the invention.

FIG. 20 is a side view of a preferred form of inventory tank according to the present invention. .

FIG. 21 is a top view of a preferred configuration of inventory tank according to the present invention. .

FIG. 22 shows a preferred embodiment according to the invention taken along line 22-22 of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an inventory tank of a different configuration.

FIG. 23 is a side view of a preferred form of the top tank according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a top view of a preferred form of top tank according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a top plan view of a preferred form of cooling system according to the present invention; be.

FIG. 26 is a side view of a preferred form of a cooling system according to the present invention.

FIG. 28A is a schematic diagram of a liquid injection system useful in the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a front view of one configuration of a preferred form of cooling system according to the present invention. .

FIG. 28 is a front view of a second form of a preferred form of cooling system according to the present invention; be.

FIG. 29 shows another example of the operation of the system of the present invention for cooling building loads. FIG.

Detailed description of embodiments of the invention FIG. 1 shows the main parts of a system for ice making and storage according to the invention. child These parts include a water storage device 11 disposed inside, a liquid cooling system 60, and Chiller system 70 is shown in FIG. 1 as having components placed close together. However, one of the advantages of the present invention is that the various parts can be placed apart from each other. It must be understood that this is possible. For example, a storage tank IO can be buried underground in the basement of a building or in an outdoor parking lot. Ru. The cooling system is located in the building's underground utility room. The chiller system is Although the system can be located far away from the system, it is common to Cooling systems and chiller systems should be placed close together to minimize the distance between Desirable for stems.

The system of the present invention includes a cooling system 60 that includes a compressor and a compressor of a chiller system. Easily suited for package cooling approaches packaged with capacitors.

In this approach, all connections between equipment are made at the factory and the coolant charge is introduced on-site. This is because only water side connections are required for installation of this system. make it easier.

FIG. 1 shows a number of ice lenses or water containment devices 11 installed throughout the internal volume of the container. 1 shows a construction including a storage vessel 10 with a storage container 10; Vessel lO has output 12 and input It has 13. Output 12 is a liquid including a cooling system 60 and a chiller system 70. Liquid flow through a cooling pump 20 and a heat exchanger 30 that are part of a body cooling system and returns to input 13. Heat exchanger 3 whose cross section is shown in FIG. 0 is installed in a mutually parallel and spaced arrangement between the input header 33 and the output header 34. A generally circular tube comprising a stainless steel tube 32 with a large number of small holes drilled in it. It includes a cylindrical shell 31. The shell 31 has a coolant power supply 35 near one end and another It has a coolant output 36 near one end. Additional construction details of the heat exchanger 30 are Given below.

Placed. The surge drum 40 is preferably tilted slightly with respect to the horizontal plane. It includes a steel shell 41 so that a pool of liquid coolant 40 inside it is on one side. deeper at the coolant output port 42 located in the bottom wall of the surge near the end of the and thus have a larger liquid head pressure. Output port 42 is preferably a thermal The exchanger 30 is located near the coolant power 35. The surge drum 40 is installed on the top wall. A coolant suction port 43 is located therein and communicates with a chiller system 70 . sir Zi-drum 40 preferably has an insulating layer (not shown) surrounding shell 44. do. Exposed part of heat exchanger 30 and pipe part between it and storage tank 10 It is also desirable to be insulated.

The coolant suction port 43 in the surge drum 40 is connected to a back pressure regulating valve 5° (some type of (does not require a compressor) and suction accumulator 51 (in most cases (optional), the evaporated refrigerant gas is transferred to the refrigerant compressor and condenser system. 52. Surge drums provide complete separation of gas and liquid coolant. If included, the suction accumulator is preferably sized to Separates and accumulates the remaining coolant that advances, converting it to gas through evaporation over time do.

A standard design oil return circuit (not shown) returns the oil to the surge drum 40. Surge in the Luritor port 45 and the suction accumulator 5 or between the suction line. A controller is used to remove oil from the liquid refrigerant in the drum and return it to the compressor 52. It is desirable to provide it to the compressor. Oil return port 45 is serged The pool of liquid coolant in the ram extends to the top surface, thus creating an oily surface. Liquid is removed for the oil return circuit.

The back pressure regulator 50 controls the suction temperature because the device uses a reciprocating compressor. Now. In most screw compressor applications, this regulator Not necessary as the degree is controlled by the slide valve control device on the compressor .

This slide valve control device is under the control of a microprocessor control device 53, and is The pull temperature control is then programmed into the controller. For the entire system of the invention The control system 55 then controls the system for different modes of operation as described below. It operates in conjunction with a controller on the compressor to provide suction temperature control.

Hot, high-pressure liquid coolant in output line 54 from coolant condenser 53 is liquid cooled. It is coupled to a drug injection device 75 . The injection device 75 also fills the surge drum 40 with cold liquid. body port 42 . The output of the injection device 75 is the coolant input 3 of the heat exchanger 30. 5.

The injection device 75 therewith injects cold liquid coolant from the bottom of the surge drum 40. Using high pressure of hot liquid coolant to transport it through the input device to input port 35 Ru. The operation of these components will be explained in more detail below.

FIG. 1 also shows a chilled water utilization circuit (or load) 80 coupled to the overall system.

This circuit can be used, for example, in cooling systems in shops or office buildings. It may be the load side part. Fluid control valves 23-26 provide heat at various locations throughout the entire chilled water circuit. Indicated to control the flow of transmission liquid, resulting in various operating modes of the whole system Therefore, it is turned on and off at various connections. These operating modes are listed below. explained.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, storage tanks 10 are arranged internally in a three-dimensional array. It has a large number of water storage devices located in the area. Details of the construction of the individual water containment devices are explained below. As will be seen, FIG. 2 shows that the preferred form of water containment device has a large top wall and It shows stacking in such a way as to create liquid flow channels between the walls. child These liquid streams and yannels allow water to freeze internally during the system's ice-making cycle. Provide space for expansion of the water containment device when tied.

Rubber or PvC material or other material as shown in Figures 1 and 2. A bulkhead 14 in the form of a flexible bulkhead section made of flexible material separates the interior of the tank into two separate parts. into separate fluid channels, so that liquid entering from input 13 enters the lower side of the tank. water flowing through the banks of the storage device and then towards the upper part of the tank towards output 12. flowing through banks of water containment devices located in Bulkhead 14 is the front side of the round front head of the tank. to the internal wall and to the lateral internal wall of the tank, so that the liquid buffer around the bulkhead Ipass doesn't happen. Any suitable means for securing the ends of the bulkhead to the internal wall of the container. methods may be used. Bulkhead equipment allows liquids to pass through long passages through storage tanks. , thus maintaining contact with the heat-transfer surface of the water storage device, which remains in the tank for a long time. . Three bulkhead installations are used to provide four passageways for storage tank flow. Ru. Liquid distribution headers (not shown) enter and leave the tank. input and output to ensure even distribution of liquid flow over the water containment device. and placed inside the tank.

Injection into the storage tank 10 is carried out through a manway 15, and the tank is installed arbitrarily at or above grade level or underground. will be buried in If the tank is buried or installed in a location exposed to the outside air, The parts are coated to protect them from corrosion.

The storage tank 10 is a completed but empty tank, i.e. there is no water storage device inside. The mounting will be installed in the desired position.

The container forming the water storage device 11 is also installed empty at the location and filled with water. In the initial position, the interior of the storage tank IO is initially filled with water. A containment device is provided and the remaining volume of the tank is filled with glycol (or other suitable (freezing point depressant) and water. Water containment device expands during freezing Therefore, equipment for draining liquid from inside the tank during the ice-making cycle is required for the entire equipment. must be installed in the structure. Top tank as shown in Figure 1 10° is operated by a chilled water system located above the highest point where chilled water is pumped. supplied and installed at the location in the mechanism to be used.

The vibrator 91 connects the bottom port 102 of the top tank to the port at the top of the storage tank 10. Connect to port 16. The top tank and pipe 91 must be removed from the top tank during installation. filled with glycol and water to the level of overflow port 103 in the tank. Ru. This is equal to the static head pressure between the storage tank 10 and the cold water utilization circuit 80. Therefore, when the pump is stopped, liquid from the cooling water utilization circuit is stored in the storage module. I won't go back inside.

The volume of the top tank 90 is the volume of the liquid drained from the storage tank during freezing of the water storage device. Preferably, it is configured to be only a fraction of the total body volume. Overall configuration Devices are also provided to store drained liquid overflow and -The top tab is passed through the overflow vibe 92 extending from the flow port 103. and an inventory tank 93 connected to the inventory tank. inventory tank 93 is preferably provided at or near the grade level.

Liquid from the top tank is transferred to the inventory tank for drainage by a water containment device. The height of the liquid in the inventory tank increases when the storage tank overflows. corresponds to the volume of ice formed in the tank 10. During the ice making cycle, the liquid level A gauge 94 monitors the level of liquid in the inventory tank and indicates that the system is flush with ice. A control system is provided to stop chiller system 70 and pump 20 when full. A signal is sent to stem 55. The highest level in the inventory tank is the first frozen sample. of the initial system installation as the highest level of liquid transferred thereto during the cycle. A calibration scale can be attached at the time. The control system 55 controls the selectable ratio of the system. Can be adjusted to be programmable to set the total water storage capacity of You'll see what you can do. However, in most devices, the system The total ice capacity during each ice-making cycle, or before the ice melts and the ice capacity exceeds the maximum. If a cold water production cycle begins in It is operated to make and store ice.

During the melting cycle, the volume of storage tank 10 occupied by the ice storage device is It decreases as the ice inside melts. When this happens, top tank 90 These liquids return to the storage tank 10 and the level in the top tank decreases.

The liquid level gauge 100 in the top tank indicates that the level has dropped and the pump control device 101 is stored from the inventory tank 93 via a pipe 97 leading to the inlet 13. operate inventory pump 95 to pump liquid into tank 10; At times, a signal is sent to the pump control device 101. The one-way check valve 96 To prevent backflow of liquid from storage tank 10 to inventory tank. inventory Pump 95 instead pumps liquid directly into top tank 90 via vibrator 98. It can be sent directly. Top tank and inventory shown in Figure 1 It should be understood that the leak tank is not to exact dimensions. Type of system parts The dimensions of each module are discussed below.

Figure 4 handles the discharge of liquid from the storage tank during freezing and during thawing of the water containment device. An alternative device for returning drained liquid is shown. In this example, the top tongue tank 110 is configured to retain the entire volume of liquid drained from the storage tank. There is no need for a separate inventory tank. single level gauge 113 indicates the drain liquid level to the control system 55, so the system knows when it is ice. Identify when it is full. The two tanks are directly connected, so automatically It is drained during the ice making cycle and the liquid is returned during the ice melting cycle.

Of course an even larger top tank will allow its weight to be safely supported. It must be installed in a location where it can be used.

In some cases, the storage tank itself is located on the roof of the building or on the system. It can be seen that it may be provided at a high position on the system. In this case, the storage tank is gray Direct overflow into the inventory tank located at the door level. Inventory pumps can be used to pump liquid back to a rooftop storage tank. can be used for. Instead, the top tank is located directly next to the storage tank. connected so that water can move directly between the two tanks. I can do it.

System operating mode Consider various modes of operation of the system of the invention in FIG. Cooling system Stem 60 and chiller system 70 are configured to operate in two basic modes. has been completed. In the first mode, the suction temperature regulator reaches a minimum suction temperature of approximately 20°F. This is the set ice making mode. In the second mode, the suction temperature is It is a live load cooling mode that ramps up to a level suitable for high temperatures entering and exiting. this This also increases the effective cooling ton time of the system by approximately 50%.

FIG. 5 shows a typical ice-making cooling water system of the present invention in an office building. The operation of the “partial storage° device” is shown. The amount of ice stored is during the non-peak demand period of the entire operating cycle i.e. 7am From then until noon, it will be operated to provide direct cooling. Curve A is at different times of the day Building Dimensions in Tonnage of Cooling Required to Cool a Building This is the loading load profile. Curve B shows the storage tank during various operating periods. Showing ice inventory. The actual curve is not a straight line, but for simplicity A linear ice charge curve is shown.

As shown in this example office building, the chilled water and air conditioning systems are , which is only open for a few hours from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. The system is When operated in live load cooling mode, the installed system has approximately 1500 The chiller system is configured for one-hour ice storage, and the chiller system can hold up to 100 tons of ice throughout the ice-making period. of cooling and up to approximately 150 tons when the system is operated at live load. be.

ice making mode During the hours of 6:00 PM to 7:00 AM, the system will is running on the code. The control system 55 is connected to the output boat 43 of the surge drum. Set the suction temperature at 20@F and the chiller system is operated. Valve 23 and and 26 are open and valves 24 and 25 are closed, so the glycol/water Solution flows through heat exchanger 30 and storage tank 10, but no load passes through it . The liquid leaving the storage tank is approximately 28.5'F and leaving the heat exchanger 30. The liquid entering the tank and storage tank remained at approximately 28'F throughout most of this period. be.

At 7 a.m., the building air conditioner is turned on and the system is running for ice making and load cooling. It begins to operate in combination mode of recovery mode. some of the circulating solution passes through it The building cooling load is Relatively low, the cooling system 60 continuously supplies 26" of liquid to the storage tank. be able to.

Pump 20 is maintained at the maximum flow rate required for the ice making cycle, while valve 24 is maintained at the maximum flow rate required for the ice making cycle. opened to circulate some of the liquid through the building's load coil. It is. At low building loads, the liquid returned to the load output vibe 82 is approximately 46 This returned liquid leaves the storage tank and becomes a large amount of liquid <28＠. When mixed, the liquid entering the heat exchanger input header 33 rises to approximately 29°. Good too.

Live load cooling mode However, as the building load increases during the morning, the system eventually does not handle loads from coolers operating at At approximately 10 a.m. the system will Switch off to live load cooling mode for approximately 1 hour to keep ice stored during periods of demand. Can be replaced. (If the ice in storage tank 10 is full before 10 a.m., the system is then switched to live load cooling mode. This means that peak demand is higher than normal. Occurs during a transition period when the value is also low. ) In live load cooling mode, the control system will cool down to a high value, e.g. Setting the suction temperature, valves 23 and 26 are closed, while valves 24 and 2 5 is open. Pump 20 is set to the low flow rate required on the load side of the system. It will be done. Therefore, the heat transfer liquid is circulated directly between the cooling system 60 and the utilization circuit 80. It is surrounded.

Live load cooling and ice melting mode When a system operating in live load cooling mode is unable to meet cooling demands , the system operates in a combined live load cooling and melting (discharge) mode of operation. can be switched to

In the example, this occurs at approximately 11 a.m. before the peak demand period at noon begins. Because of this, it is economical to keep the chiller system running. control system maintains the same suction temperature throughout the live load cooling mode of the cooling system 60 and The pump 20 is operated at the same low flow rate, but the valve 26 allows the storage tank lO to pass through. is opened to begin pumping the solution. Cooling system reaches storage tank The water returned from the building loads is cooled before being stored in the ice containment system in the storage tank. The ice brings the solution to the desired temperature due to its residual low temperature.

ice melting mode Control system 55 shuts down the chiller system at noon and the system goes into ice melt mode ( or discharge mode). The amount of pump output depends on the circuit used. 80 load side cooling coils are kept at the required low value. Use circuit 80 at 6 p.m. The system will switch back to ice-making mode (charge mode) throughout the evening and night. ) is set.

Ice melting and coolant condensation mode Figure 29 shows how to use a standard DX coil on the load side to produce chilled gas. 2 illustrates another ice melting mode of operation for the system of the present invention when utilized in a device that vinegar. Liquid coolant from the boule 44 at the bottom of the surge drum 41 is routed to the output port 42 coolant pump 200 to the DX coil 210 in the load circuit. Sent out. The liquid coolant is evaporated in the DX coil 210 and discharged from the DX coil. The coolant gas is returned to the suction port 43 of the surge drum 41 by a vibrator. pump 2 0 uses a heat exchanger 3 to cool the outer wall to a temperature that returns the coolant gas to a liquid state. 0 from the ice storage tank 10 (with a frozen ice storage device inside). operated to pump the rejected water.

This ice-melting mode of system operation can be performed without adding a chilled water coil on the load side of the system. Can be used in retrofitted equipment. For example, from 8 a.m. to noon A chiller system and Identical DX coils used by being directly connected during peak periods of the day Can be used inside. Off-peak operation of normal near-condition equipment maintenance and melting ice in storage tanks for equipment that does not already have a chilled water system. By using this mode of operation to understand installation costs can be reduced. can.

Structure and function of ice storage equipment Figures 6-8 and 9A are preferred for use in the system of the present invention. The structure of the ice storage device is shown. One structure of the ice containment device is a molded ice container. The polyethylene container 120 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. container 120 is a main top that is several times greater in length and width than sidewalls 124 and 125 Has a regular parallel vibe shape with walls and bottom walls 122 and 123 . This large container 12G preferably holds at least several gallons of liquid. Yes. 5. The walls of the antenna are flexible and will not break when the liquid inside freezes. configured to have a thickness such that expansion of the internal volume of the antenna is possible .

By using containers of the shape shown in Figures 6 and 7, ice storage can be achieved. The device can be used to form a three-dimensional array of containers, face-to-face, end-to-end and one-way. easily adjusted so that one can be stacked on top of the other. Container 12G is on its bottom. It has an array of protrusions 129A formed therein, and an array of protrusions 13G on the top surface. do. When two containers are stacked on top of each other, these protrusions cover the top and bottom of each. The walls of the parts are separated and a liquid flow channel as shown in Figure 9A is placed between them. Form.

The container 120A shown in FIG. 9A has a protrusion 129A only on its bottom surface 122. It has an array. This is the liquid flow channel between the walls of the container and the container during freezing. It is considered the smallest type of protrusion structure that forms a space for expansion of the wall surface. Figure 9A While the liquid inside the container freezes, the top and The bottom wall bulges out into the flow channels between the containers. This is a fluid cha The liquid in the channel is drained (displaced), and the liquid in the top tank is removed as described above. The water will be drained into the tank.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the container 120 has a key formed thereon. It is preferable to have a capping device 128.

This capping device has a neck and self-adhesive screws integrally formed on the container. Includes plastic screws on cap with adhesive liner (not shown) The foam backing member (not shown) attaches to the container neck to seal the container. located on top of the rack. The present invention describes how to fill and seal a water containment device. It should be understood that the use of any particular system is not limited. Other types Field installation of sealing devices can be used. Furthermore, the present invention Fill and seal the container forming the water containment device and install the filled device. This can be achieved by transporting to a location. However, this method Preferred embodiments of the invention do not leave the installation location empty as this would substantially increase transportation costs. using a container that is prepared to be moved to, filled, and then sealed. do. Figure 8 shows gaps in the stack of containers that are too small to fit into larger containers. 12 shows a second structure of a small container 121 that can be utilized to fill the space between .

As an example of container dimensions, container 120 measures 16X30X3 inches and It has a capacity of approximately 5 gallons. Container 121 has a size of 4 x 30 x 3 inches. and has a capacity of approximately 1.25 gallons. The structure of these containers ranges from 6 to 10 frames. Can function quite economically in large storage tanks with a diameter of It is shown. A large 5-gallon container weighs about 40 pounds when full. The installation is easily handled by the operator.

Based on experience with the first device of the invention, even higher surface ratios to capacity can be achieved. It is preferable to use narrower containers as provided. 1 x 15~2 inches Containers that hold approximately 2 gallons of water and have sidewall dimensions in the range of That's preferable. Generally, the container should be at least about 2 square meters per gallon of the solution it contains. It is preferred to have a surface area of feet. However, the present invention is for water storage devices. Without being limited to any particular size and construction of the container, the principles of the present invention It should be understood that the design can be implemented in a wide variety of designs and dimensions.

A water containment system is used to create an adequate flow of liquid that has a heat transfer effect on the external surface. It is also considered important to provide appropriate spacing between the currently preferred The desired spacing is approximately 3/4 inch, but this spacing dimension is critical to system operation. Not the point. Wider spacing may be used, but as the spacing increases, the capacity increases. Reduce quantitative ice storage effect. Generally the intervals are appropriate during the entire freezing cycle. Flow channels must be provided between the size of the water containment device and the The walls of the tena swelled into the channel due to ice forming inside the water containment device. Therefore, these channels are virtually free of interference.

As shown in Figure 9A, the armrest is manufactured under the trade name "Armaflex". Small quantities of freeze-strengthened materials such as water pipe insulation manufactured and sold by Long Corporation , provided inside each container before being filled with liquid. Single mini like this materials provide freeze-strengthening capabilities. Multiple materials improve behavior during freezing cycles It doesn't seem like it does. In this freeze-strengthened material, the liquid inside the container begins to freeze. In fact this is important for the effective operation of the invention during the freeze cycle. It has been shown that As is well known, the liquid contained in Ei et al. 1 ice crystals are precooled to approximately 14° or 15" before forming there. I have to be there.

- Once carbon crystals begin to form, the liquid continues to freeze at its normal freezing temperature.

Freeze-strengthening material in the water container increases the temperature at which the first ice crystals form. Ru.

It is not known exactly how or why this freeze-strengthening material works. stomach. One plausible explanation is that freeze-strengthening material is present in small amounts near the inner walls of the container. The idea is to trap the water and insulate it from heat transfer to most liquids. did Therefore, the smaller volume cools more rapidly than the liquid connected to the walls of the container. Reach first freezing temperature quickly. When ice crystals form in these small volumes , they become ice-forming sites in the adjacent liquid, and ice begins to grow at the normal freezing temperature of water. You can Using deionized water is also effective during the initial freezing process. be. This is water with a typical level of impurity with an initial freezing temperature of 27,7″F. This is because the temperature is slightly higher than that of street water.

The container used in the device of the system of the invention is fitted with a cap in place. and transported empty with freeze-strengthening material. Convenient way to fill containers Even if the container filling and fixing device shown in Figure 10 is provided for installation, good. The filling and fixing device 140 holds the plurality of containers 120 in a vertical position and holds each container 120 in a vertical position. It presses the top and bottom walls of the antenna, so it does not deform the top and bottom walls. The container will be filled to its normal capacity, i.e. the normal container capacity. container wall is flexible, so you can put at least 8 gallons of water into a 5 gallon container. The sides of the container swell until it takes on the shape of a circular pillow. of filling Since it is important to maintain the initial shape of the container between deposited in a deposition pattern of

The empty container is attached to the apparatus 140 and a liquid flow distribution header is installed on the container. and a separate pipe on its bottom is inserted into an open neck on the container.

Distribution header 141 connects to the outlet of a deionized water tank 142 that is connected to a water source. has been done. Valve 143 controls the flow of deionized water into the distribution header. child By using mobile stationary equipment, equipment operators from one group can Filling the water container while the loop moves the filled water container in the storage tank I can do two things.

Figures 9A and 9B illustrate the use of a spherical container as shown in Figure 9B. In comparison, using the preferred form of container according to the invention shown in Figure 9A Showing one advantage.

As shown in FIG. 9A, ice forms on the inner walls of container 120A, providing a wide heat transfer area. The top surface remains at the liquid/ice interface inside the container. The size of the heat transfer area is does not decrease rapidly when formed. The effect of heat transfer to non-freezing liquids is the ice layer , but the ratio of heat transfer surface to unfrozen liquid volume remains high. Ru. In contrast, in a spherical container such as that shown in Figure 9B, the ice layer is Once formed on the inner wall of the antenna, the heat transfer surface area is rapidly reduced.

11 and 12 illustrate the use of a preferred container structure for the system of the present invention. shows another advantage of In the prior art, as shown in FIG. are typically formed as regular spheres that are only partially filled with water. this is This is because the sphere cannot expand capacitively. During melting in spherical containers, ice The ball floats on top of the sphere, and the relatively small surface area of the ice provides direct heat transfer. Therefore, it is only in contact with the wall surface. The rest of the ice ball comes into contact with the water and the container It has a long heat transfer path to the inner wall. As the ball continues to melt, the contact area The area of an ice ball that is in contact with the surface because the area melts faster than the surrounding area expands. However, the proportion of the ice ball's surface that is in direct contact with the sphere's walls is small. It remains as it is.

In contrast, the present invention is preferably used in a modified form for regular parallel pipe shapes for water storage. The containment device is in direct contact with the top surface of a large portion of the floating ice block or It is quite close to the top wall of the container. This removes the ice from the container wall. Enhances heat transfer to the lock, allows rapid ice melting, and includes a frozen water containment device. yielding the desired output chilled water temperature from the storage tank.

The characteristics of the preferred shape of the water containment device according to the invention provide improved freezing properties. Is Rukoto. During the ice-making cycle, water is removed from the tank during the first period of the ice-making cycle. I can hear someone. The ice layer that formed on the inner wall of the container broke into small pieces, causing the liquid to It is thought that the layer is in contact with the wall surface again. This increases heat transfer and modifies the rate of ice formation. It is for good. This phenomenon cannot be explained with certainty. This is an ice shape This is caused by changes in the shape of the container wall to increase the internal capacity. Conceivable.

A device with multiple freezing devices and storage tanks FIG. 13 shows two cooling systems 6 In the present invention, 0A and BOB are connected in parallel for water flow and coolant flow. Shows the system's devices. Two separate storage tanks IOA and 10B are directly Connected to columns. Equalization line 61 indicates that the coolant charge level is in the cooling system. The two surge drums are connected to ensure uniformity between the two surge drums.

Two different pump systems may be used, the main pump 20A being the ice making cycle. The auxiliary pump 20B provides a high flow rate through the heat exchanger during the ice melting process. The water supply for load 80 is This results in a low flow rate through the oil.

Rooftop installation is a device FIG. 14 shows a typical example for thermal storage that can be used with the system of the present invention. A rooftop near-condition system is shown. The cooling section above RTU-1 is cooled. connected to the system and cooled for ice-making cycles during periods of off-peak electricity use . Cooling water coils 83 and 84 are provided on each rooftop unit to serve as the cooling water load. It is operatively connected by pipes to a storage tank 10 and a cooling system 60.

A pump system 20 for the cooling water circuit is provided as in the previously discussed device. . Top tank, inventory tank and other items needed to complete the system structure. Other necessary elements are not shown for simplicity but are included in the device. Ru.

During periods of off-peak loads, RTU-2 uses a DX coil to cool the build ink. The cooling section is operated in the usual manner with the upper cooling section provided with a cooling section. Cooling if desired System 60 also supplies cooling water to one or both of the units during off-peak load periods. can be operated in live load cooling mode to provide cooling water to the . During peak load periods, the cooling systems of both units are shut down and storage tank 1 Ice stored in 0 provides cooling water that circulates through the cooling water in each uni-nod. .

preferably located on the roof close to the server. Storage tanks are underground or gray installed at roof level or installed on the roof if suitable supports are provided. Ru. This type of device allows the system of the present invention to be adapted to various installations. This shows that it is possible to provide a low-cost heat storage device.

This type of roof-mounted device also supports the melting mode operation of the present invention as shown in FIG. can be used. This alternative system structure and and water coils in the gas handling part of the rooftop system by using different melting modes. Additional expenses can be avoided.

Alternative storage tank system Figures 15-17 illustrate an alternative storage tank arrangement according to the present invention. this device The required ton/hour storage capacity of the equipment was determined by Magnus, Dublin, California. Connecting multiple sections of special plastic pipe system 150 in series This is realized by The basic elements of this special pipe system are shown in Figure 15. has been done. The semi-cylindrical vibrator parts 151 and 152 are attached to the sealing clamp 1 54 and a joint securing the two pipe sections together with a liquid-tight side seam. It has a vertical sealing fringe that cooperates with an eye gasket (not shown). 2 Two half-cylindrical joint areas 155 (bottom not shown) are connected to the pipe section. an end fringe, an O-ring sealing element (not shown), and two joined a joining clamp 15 for joining the end of the pipe section and the end of the waterproofed seam; Collaborate with B.

This specialized pipe system is unique when combined with other system components of the invention. bring about the benefits of To form a long storage tank, as shown in Figure 16, For this purpose, a plurality of pipe sections 10-1 to 10-N can be connected at their ends.

Parts of the pipe section can be moved unassembled to the installation location of the device at low cost Can be done. At the installation location of the device, they are assembled by hand and made of heavy steel. Reduces the expense of large cranes to handle and install plastic storage tanks.

Each pipe section is assembled so water containment can be provided and then assembled. can be connected to the pipe section where it is installed. Connect pipe sections in series This allows the liquid to be pumped through the storage tank with a long residence time and Guarantees that cooling water temperatures are achieved without the need for wall systems. storage tank and This “kit” for the assembly of a water containment device furthermore Lowers the overall manufacturing cost of the storage section and labor costs to assemble the system. decrease.

This type of storage tank system increases the flexibility of installing the ice storage part of the system. . For example, a long tank, 4 feet in diameter, can be fitted with the hood of a parked car under the tank. It can be hung from the ceiling adjacent to the parking garage wall where it fits.

If the diameter of a long tank is made smaller and the weight is further divided, it can be installed on the roof of a structure. can be used. This form of tank is self-insulating and the internal walls are inherently water-containing. Compatible with the material of the container.

FIG. 17 shows possible solutions for the water containment device in the storage tank IOA of FIG. 16. An example of a product pattern is shown. The large and small containers shown in Figures 6 to 8 Both 120 and 121 are used. The bulkhead ring 160 is located inside the storage tank. The liquid is stored between the accumulation channels of the water storage device, which branches off the liquid from the large flow channel near the wall surface. It may also be provided in the tank. Directs flow through narrow channels between water containment devices. Large spaces to plug wide flow channels providing low resistance flow paths Another idea to form a suitable flow channel area is to fill it with another suitable material. can be used.

Storage tank characteristics and details Referring to Figure 1 in conjunction with Figures 18 and 19 and Table 1 below, the storage The storage tank 10 has a single tank that can hold approximately 400 tons per hour to approximately 2,700 tons per hour. Can be formed in various shapes and dimensions to apply to various ice storage levels in I know it's good. For large storage needs, multiple A tank is required. Table 1 shows the basic storage tank specifications. Table ■ is tan. defined dimensions of the storage tank characteristics based on the diameter of the tank and the Represents the number of baths or water flow channels using the bulkhead device described above. Table 1 shows the variety represents the liquid flow rate for the dimensions of the inlet and outlet vibes.

By using the water containment device of the present invention in storage tanks, 65-70% ice storage efficiencies can be achieved.

This is an improvement from the 40 Equivalent to an ice storage rate of 60%. Ice storage efficiency with the systems and methods of the present invention This improvement in performance directly contributes to space savings and price reductions in commercially available equipment. It is something to do. The system of the present invention eliminates the requirements of most prior art systems. storage rate of about 1.7 cubic feet per ton hour compared to about 3 to 5 cubic feet per ton hour. Achieve an effective storage rate of 1 ton per hour. Smaller and cheaper storage tanks are Consistent with specific project loading needs.

Inventory - tank structure and details Referring to Figure 1 along with Figures 20-22 and Table 1, the inventory Details and specifications of the tank 93 and its diameter are shown. The ridge on the side of the tank The liquid glass device provides a manually readable table of the liquid volume in the inventory tank. demonstrate. When you first start up your system, this gauge glass is used during the ice making cycle. Indicate the minimum level of liquid before starting and also ensure that the water containment device is completely frozen. after which it is calibrated and marked to indicate the highest level. lowest level corresponds to O tons of ice stored per hour, and the highest level corresponds to the specified tons per hour of the system. corresponds to the inter-temporal capacity. Between this two marks or levels, the glass will enter the system. The calibration scale is linearly calibrated to indicate intermediate levels of ice storage rates.

Top tank structure and details Referring to FIG. 1 along with FIGS. 23 and 24 and Table 7, the top tank 90 An example set of specifications and dimensions is shown.

In contrast to the top tank structure shown in Fig. 4, the structure shown in Figs. 20 to 22 and Table ■ It should be understood that a standard inventory tank model may be used.

Cooling system structure and details Referring to FIG. 1 in conjunction with FIGS. 25 to 28 and Table 1, the cooling system 7 0 specific structural and operational details are shown. Cooling system as shown. The stem has a flange that allows it to be installed as a free-standing floor unit. are located throughout the room. An alternative variant of the frame is to suspend the system from the ceiling It can be provided as a gift. The frame can also be fitted with a cooling unit if desired. deposit on top of each.

The cooling system 70 may be configured in sizes from 25 tons to 175 tons. place If desired, even more tolerant cooling stems can be formed. suction pressure power is maintained at 20.0°F and condensation temperature is maintained at 105.0°F. 50 ton unit has an output temperature of 26.0”F from an input temperature of 28.5°F. It is desirable to cool 480 gallons/minute with a 10% glycol solution.

However, the operation of the system of the present invention is generally head pressure independent. 58 A low condensation temperature of 6F is used, plus the required temperature to operate the coupling system. The required liquid cooling pressure (minimum 100 psi) can be generated. 25 ton model uses the same operating parameters but has the ability to cool 240 gallons/minute Ru. The larger cooling system 70 has a correspondingly larger cooling capacity. .

The dimensions of the main pump that pumps the glycol/water solution through the cooling system are Depends on the model of the stem and its capacity. For example, a 50 ton unit In contrast, a pump rated at 15 horsepower with an 80 foot head is appropriate. 1 For a 75 ton unit, a 40 horsepower pump system with an 80 foot head is required. A system is required. The pump system has a heat exchanger of 9.6 gallons per minute per ton. Must provide a rate of water flow through it. Therefore, a 250 ton cooling unit Approximately 65 horsepower is required for the engine.

In each cooling unit, the flow rate through the separate tubes 32 of the heat exchanger is 2 More than 0 feet/second. The high velocity of this liquid passing through the tube with the coolant solution Overfeeding provides the heat exchanger with superior heat transfer properties and causes close movement. Therefore, the cooling circuit components are efficient and capable of performing low horsepower operation.

The heat exchange shell 31 is planned to be 10 feet long for 40 pipes. Ru. The shell diameter "G" varies depending on the dimensions of the unit. Each unit 3 inch header with V1ctaulic coupling groove is provided at the joint on the water side. The 50 ton unit has a 1.5 inch straight line on the outside. “304 Stainless Steel” tube with diameter and wall thickness of 0,085 inches Uses 64 tubes. A 25 ton unit uses half the number of identical tubes. . A larger number of tubes is used in larger units. end of tube The section is welded to the wall of the header. Support ring and A bar device is welded to the inner wall of the shell and supports the tube at multiple intermediate locations. ing. This maintains a uniform dispersion distance between the tubes passing through the length of shell 31. Two.

The tubes are approximately 3/4 inch apart from center to center.

These tubes are strong enough that the tubes will not burst even if the heat exchanger is completely frozen. have a degree. They have a 2:1 safety margin in strength. stainless steel Tubes are used for both strength and corrosion and abrasion resistance. Ru. For example, copper tubing may corrode under high velocity water flow conditions in these units. erode Other metal properties similar to stainless steel are also used, but the price is higher than that.

The invention is not limited to these dimensions for heat exchangers and can be inexpensively modified. It should be understood that it is possible for an effective cooling operation to be achieved. .

The surge drum shell 41 has 40 pieces with a diameter of "Fo" as shown in Table ■. Pipes are supplied in units of various sizes. Its total length is 9 feet. Ru. The surge drum shell and other installation elements are insulated to R-8 level. ing. Surge drum forms a deep pool of liquid coolant for output port 42 In order to The large liquid head forming 75 works even more effectively. The sight glass is As shown in Figure 27 and Figure 28, the The level of coolant solution in the drum can be visually monitored. .

The solution coolant injection system uses a single water jet as shown in Figure 26A. It is designed to be Nozzle for high pressure high temperature liquid coolant for good operational effectiveness should occupy 25 to 40% of the internal diameter of the coupling tube. These injections The dimensions of the system are appropriate to the dimensions of the heat exchanger and the tonnage of the cooling system.

In operation of a 25 ton refrigeration unit, each portion of the hot solution refrigerant passes through the compression unit. Since the injection device 75 is injected from the outlet port 42 of the surge drum, the injection device 75 is approximately two Resulting in two parts cold liquid coolant. Evaporative cooling throughout steady-state operation The equivalent of a portion of the agent is present at the coolant suction port. As shown in Figure 27 Cooling equipment with a capacity of more than 100 tons, such as and to achieve the coolant flow rate required for effective cooling of the heat exchanger tubes. Two injection boats are used.

During steady-state operation in ice-making mode, the suction temperature is maintained at 20°F; The coolant temperature is maintained very uniformly throughout the length of the heat exchanger. storage tank During the initial cooling of the glycol from the high temperature in the tank, the suction temperature is also high. on the back pressure regulator valve (or slide valve on the screw compressor) Therefore, it falls to the set level and is maintained there.

Inlet 35 and outlet 36 are provided for uniform heat transfer from one end to the other. at the opposite end of the shell to avoid any coolant short circuits.

Massive coolant flow through the heat exchanger shell and outside of the stainless steel tubes In combination with the boiling action of the coolant, the heat transfer properties are enhanced.

The elongated cylindrical structure of the surge drum allows the liquid coolant to evaporate due to the gas being evaporated. Provides a large surface area. This also provides the preferred low velocity air on the suction side of the system. Generate a body. Installation of the heat exchanger inside the surge drum reduces the coolant evaporation surface area. To increase. This is because each part of its surface is wetted with liquid coolant. that It also eliminates the need for separate insulation between the surge drum and the heat exchanger surface, allowing cooling The full cooling effect of agent evaporation is utilized to reduce the required refrigerant changes in the system.

Normally, 30 to 40 pounds of refrigerant are used per ton, but the system of the present invention The system requires only 8 pounds of coolant per ton. This is a straight line of equivalent dimensions. Twice the amount of coolant charge used in a direct expansion near condition system Fewer.

However, the invention is not limited to the use of a heat exchanger inside the surge drum; Moreover, these units can be separated, and the principle effectiveness of the present invention is improved. It should be understood that achieving The diameter of the surge drum is different from most types. Sufficient to eliminate the need to use the suction accumulator 51 for the compressor of big. The suction accumulator is sealed compressor to prevent liquid blockage. Preferably used with a sensor. Coolant supply system has no moving parts , the system can be stopped without a pump-down cycle.

The closeness of the outlet water and coolant temperatures in the system of the present invention is such that the Cooling system including high-velocity water flow (along with glycol) through surplus feed and heat exchanger This is accomplished by a total of 60 structures. Correspondingly, the required glycol concentration is approximately 1 It has the advantage of being reduced by 0 to 12%. The salt water makes ice on the outside of the tube. In a system where the salt water is circulated through plastic tubes, A glycol concentration of less than 28% is required to prevent brine from freezing. Ru. This highly concentrated salt water reduces the heat transfer effect by 10 or 1526 and also It also has the disadvantages of

The cooling system of the present invention includes an oil bleed port 45 (if used). Manual expansion connected between back pressure regulator and refrigerant suction line between compressor Preferably, it is transported with an oil return kit including a valve.

The systems and methods of the present invention are based on examples illustrating the general concepts and principles of the invention. listed in both. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the techniques of the invention as set forth in the following claims. Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible to carry out the universal system and method of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications can be made.

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Claims (26)

[Claims] 1. A structural volume defining a container containing a first liquid characterized by a first freezing temperature. equipment and means, a plurality of ice storage devices disposed in the container and occupying most of the volume thereof; , each ice storage device has a second freezing temperature higher than the first freezing temperature and a freezing temperature. comprising a sealed container means filled with a second liquid characterized by volumetric expansion therein; and the container means is cooled by freezing of the second liquid. Incomplete geometry and deformable wall structure to allow increased storage volume a temperature higher than the first freezing temperature and lower than the second freezing temperature. cooling the first liquid in the container to cool the second liquid in the container means; a liquid cooling system operative in conjunction with said container to freeze the cold water system. 2. The liquid cooling system includes: continuously extracting the first liquid from the container at a temperature below a second freezing temperature; transporting the extracted first liquid at a high velocity across a heat transfer surface maintained at cooling the first liquid to a temperature below the second freezing temperature and returning it to the container; cooling means; the first liquid in the container has a freezing temperature lower than the second freezing temperature; freezing the second liquid in the ice storage device until cooled to a temperature higher than controlling the cooling means to continue its operation for a sufficient period of time to 2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: a control means for controlling the system; 3. The cooling means has an input header and an output header and an input header and an output header at the end. small holes arranged in closely spaced parallel bundles extending between the an elongated cylindrical shell having multiple sections of tubing from said container to said extracting a first liquid through the input header and into the tube at high velocity; pumping a first liquid from said output header and then pumping this first liquid from said output header into said container. a liquid pumping system for returning and cooling the first liquid passing through the tube; Continuously apply cold liquid coolant to the inside of the shell and the outside of the tube. 3. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a cooler system for flowing the water into the water. 4. Each of the multiple sections of small hole tubing is located within the tube. walls of sufficient thickness to withstand pressure from accidental freezing of said first liquid. Claim 3 comprising a section of stainless steel tubing having The system described. 5. The cylindrical shell has a coolant input in a bottom wall section near the input header. and a coolant output port in a top wall portion near said output header. and the cooling system is refrigerant compressor and coolant condenser and The coolant output port of the cylindrical shell is partially filled with cold coolant. The top wall section is connected to a gas output port that communicates with the refrigerant compressor. an elongated cylindrical surge driver having a liquid output port in its bottom wall portion. Mu and coupled to the condenser and receiving high pressure hot liquid coolant therefrom; connects to the surge drum's liquid output port to receive cold liquid coolant from it; A mixture of cold liquid coolant and hot liquid coolant is added to the cylindrical shell. and liquid injection means for outputting to the coolant input port. system. 6. The main portion of the cylindrical shell of the heat exchange means is approximately located within the surge drum. The coolant output port of the cylindrical shell is arranged coaxially within the surge drum. part of the cylindrical shell extends outside the surge drum. 6. The system of claim 5 including a drug input port. 7. The chilled water system is configured to supply chilled water to the utilization circuit, and Furthermore, the utilization circuit, the liquid pump system, the container, and the heat exchange means. valve control means for controlling the flow of liquid between the The chiller system further includes a suction at the gas output port of the surge drum. Equipped with a suction adjustment means to adjust the suction temperature, The control means controls the suction adjustment means so that the cooling means is in the ice storage device. When used to make ice, it provides a first lower suction temperature during the ice charging period. , said cooling means is used solely for producing chilled water for said utilization circuit; provided with means for providing a second higher suction temperature during the live load cooling period. The system according to claim 6, which comprises: 8. Each ice containment device has a mold having a sealing cap device formed thereon. The ice storage device is provided with a sealed plastic container, and the ice storage device is placed in the installation position. Claim 1 The system described. 9. Each said ice containment device has a small amount of freeze-enhancing material contained therein; The freeze-enhancing material aids in the initial formation of ice within the container, thereby 2. The system of claim 1 operative to increase the initial freezing temperature of. 10. The first group of ice containment devices has the form of regular, approximately parallel pipes. Constructed to hold at least several gallons of liquid, with top and bottom walls A container with a length and width at least several times the dimensions of its side and end walls The second section has a wall thickness that provides wall flexibility that allows for expansion of the internal volume. a molded plastic container of the form of 1; one on top of the other, and side to side and end to end contact a three-dimensional array of containers is formed in the container, and the top and bottom of the containers are and at least one of the bottom walls has a protrusion arrangement formed thereon, and the container the top or bottom walls of adjacent containers when one is stacked on top of the other. so that the top wall of one container and A liquid flow channel is formed between it and the bottom wall of the container, and this liquid flow The channels are also empty for the volumetric expansion of the container during the formation of ice therein. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system provides a time interval. 11. The first group of ice storage devices constitutes the main part of the ice storage device and a second group of containment devices for adapting to the first configuration of the container; two narrow objects designed to fill the space in the three-dimensional arrangement of the container; each device in the second group has a liquid volume in the first form of the container. a second form of molded material configured to hold a fraction of its capacity; a second type of plastic container of a second group; The top and bottom main walls of the container have the same length as the container of the first form and the same length as the container of the first form. has a width in a predetermined ratio with respect to the width in the container of the first form, and the second The side main wall of the container of the first form has the same dimensions as the main side wall of the container of the first form. and at least one of the neck and bottom walls of the container is formed thereon. It has a protruding arrangement that allows the containers to overlap when one is stacked on top of the other. separated by a short distance from the top or bottom wall of the abutting container; This allows liquid flow between the top wall of one container and the bottom wall of the container above it. channels are formed, and this liquid flow channel also supports the formation of ice therein. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the system provides space for volumetric expansion of the container. Tem. 12. Each of the ice containing devices is a model having a sealing cap device formed thereon. The ice containment device is provided with a plastic container that is placed in a Claim 1 System described in 0. 13. Each of said containers has a small amount of freeze-enhancing material contained therein; The freeze-enhancing material aids in the initial formation of ice within the container, thereby 11. The system of claim 10, operative to increase the initial freezing temperature of the liquid. . 14. The container has input and output ports in the upper and lower portions of its front wall. a large cylindrical tank, said first and second groups of containers having Inside this tank, the top and bottom main walls are arranged in a three-dimensional manner so that they are located horizontally. stacked, one or more flexible bulkheads are installed in the tank and extend from the front wall. At least two of the tanks extend horizontally between the side walls toward the rear wall. divided into separate fluid channels, said bulkhead being attached to the wall portion of said tank. its ends against said wall portion so as to effect flow separation of said fluid channel; the top wall portion of the tank is sealed and a passageway is provided that provides access to the top wall portion of the tank; accessing the interior of the tank for installation of the container and the bulkhead; 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the system is configured to be able to perform the following operations. 15. The container has a diameter of about 6 feet or less and has a parallel liquid flow path. each tank comprising a plurality of individual tank sections joined by turns; the section is filled with a three-dimensional arrangement of said first and second groups of containers; adjacent to said container at regular intervals throughout the length of each said tank. a bulkhead ring mounted between the stacks, each with a Extending a sufficient distance between the outer wall portion that contacts the inner wall of the tank and the inside of the tank. However, due to the arrangement of the container, a large area is formed uniquely near the inner wall of the tank. an internal wall portion that blocks the flow of liquid through the liquid channel. The system according to Box 11. 16. A building air conditioning system that uses containers with a closed configuration configured to supply the evacuated liquid; the building by gradually melting a portion of the ice in the ice storage device. pumping the first liquid to the air conditioning system to provide cooling of the air conditioning system; a means of controlling the supply; installed on the highest point of the building, supplied with the cooled liquid, and Open to atmospheric pressure and connect the container at the bottom of its walls so that ice forms within the ice containment device. an input port for receiving the first liquid discharged from the container when the first liquid is discharged from the container; , there is also an output port formed at the top of the wall, so that the ice is completely drained of the second liquid in the ice storage device. having a volume corresponding to a small portion of the total liquid expelled from said container when frozen Top tank and installed at or near class level, open to atmospheric pressure, with the the first liquid from the top tank; An input port provided at the bottom of the wall with an input port provided to receive the overflow amount of a second liquid in the ice containment device when the second liquid in the ice containment device is completely frozen; an event having a volume at least equivalent to the entire liquid discharged from said container; an inventory tank connected to the output port of the inventory tank and the inventory tank connected to the output port of the inventory tank; pumping the first liquid from an inventory tank to the container; - pump means and first level gauge means mounted in said top tank; , second level gauge means mounted in the inventory tank; when the liquid level in the top tank falls to a predetermined lower level; Switch on the inventory pump means and ensure the liquid level in the top tank is Turning off the inventory pump means when rising to a predetermined upper level pump control means coupled to said first level gauge means for switching to; The liquid level in the inventory tank is the same in all of the ice storage devices. substantially all of the second liquid has risen to a pre-calibrated level indicating that it has frozen said second level gauge means for switching off said liquid cooling system when 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising control means coupled to. 17. Supplying chilled water to a chilled water utilization system with input and output pipes. in a chilled water system containing a first liquid characterized by a first freezing temperature. structural container means defining a container for use in the construction and having input and output ports; a plurality of ice storage devices disposed in the container and occupying a majority of its volume; Each ice containment device has a second freezing temperature higher than said first freezing temperature and a freezing temperature of the body. comprising a sealed container means filled with a second liquid characterized by a volumetric expansion; and the container means is configured to store the container means by freezing the second liquid. Incomplete geometry and deformable wall structure to allow volume increase Features include multiple ice storage devices, Cooling with refrigerant compressor, refrigerant condenser and suction control means a cooler plant that controls the suction temperature at the agent gas suction port; It has an input header and an output header at both ends and extends between these input and output headers. small hole stainless steel arranged in closely spaced balanced bundles having the form of an elongated cylindrical shell with multiple sections of tube; The tube is designed to withstand the pressure caused by accidental freezing of the liquid within the tube. the cylindrical shell has a wall of sufficient thickness that the cylindrical shell has a bottom wall portion close to the input header; and a coolant output port on the top wall near the output header. a heat exchanger having a mounted substantially concentrically over the shell of the heat exchanger; an elongated circle whose front bark and rear portion extend outside its front and rear end walls a cylindrical surge drum, the coolant output port of the shell is configured to handle this surge; A coolant is coupled directly to the interior of the drum, and the cooling of the shell is A solvent input port is located on the exterior of this surge drum and The interior is partially filled with cold liquid coolant and the coolant liquid output port is A gas outlet located in the bottom wall portion near the front end wall and connected to the coolant gas suction port. a cylindrical surge drum having a power port in a top wall portion; coupled to the condenser and receiving high pressure hot liquid coolant therefrom; Connects to the coolant liquid output port of the surge drum and then receives cold liquid coolant. The mixture of cold liquid coolant and hot liquid coolant is added to the heat exchanger circle. output to the coolant input port of the cylindrical shell and thereby coolant to the tube section. liquid coolant injection to over-supply the heat exchanger with coolant to cool the walls of the chamber; means coupled to the container, the heat exchanger and the cold water utilization circuit; a liquid receiving input connected to said output port of the to the input pipe of the storage circuit and the input of the heat exchanger via a second valve means. a liquid pump having a liquid discharge output coupled to a power header and before said heat exchanger; a first liquid connection means coupling a liquid output header to the input port of the container; a second liquid coupling the output pipe of the storage circuit to the input port of the container; a liquid pumping device comprising a coupling means and said first valve means being closed and said first valve means being closed; said chiller plant and said liquid port during an ice making cycle in which said second valve means is opened; both liquid pumps are operated until substantially all of the second liquid in the ice containment device is frozen. at a temperature above the first freezing temperature and substantially below or below the second freezing temperature until The first liquid circulated by the liquid pump is cooled by the heat exchanger. the suction control means is set to a predetermined suction temperature such that the first valve pumping said first liquid onto said ice containment device only during an ice melting cycle when said means is opened; cooling the first liquid to supply the chilled liquid to the utilization circuit; control for operating the liquid pump so as to melt the ice in the ice storage device; A chilled water system comprising means. 18. The first liquid connection means connects the output header of the heat exchanger to the front of the vessel. to both the input port and the liquid receiving input of the liquid pump, respectively. 3 and a fourth valve means, said second liquid connection means being connected to said utilization circuit. coupling the output pipe of through the heat exchanger to the input port of the vessel; The control system controls the cooling during the live load cooling cycle in addition to the ice making cycle. a control device for operating a cooling plant and a control device for operating the liquid pump; during a live load cooling cycle, said first and fourth valve means are opened; operatively by closing said second and third valve means; said control means; effectively cooling the first liquid passing directly through the utilization circuit and the heat exchanger; For this purpose, the suction control means is set to a predetermined suction temperature, and the system is The cooling load of the utilization circuit is reduced by opening the first valve means. During the cold period, the ice-making cycle and load cooling cycle operate in combination to keep the ice cool. The first liquid is supplied to the utilization circuit, and the first liquid is supplied with the heat. operated to circulate through the exchanger and the container; The system is also configured such that the cooling load of the utilization circuit is reduced by opening the third valve means. When the live load cooling cycle and ice are slightly larger than the live load cooling capacity operating in combination with a melting cycle to cool the first liquid with accumulated ice; The heat exchanger is circulated through the container and the first liquid is directly connected to the heat exchanger. claim 17, which is operated to circulate through the exchanger and the utilization circuit. system. 19. The said cooled liquid utilization circuit is the building's air conditioning system, the container has a closed configuration, and the system further comprises: installed on the highest point of the building, supplied with the cooled liquid, and Open to atmospheric pressure and connect the container at the bottom of its walls so that ice forms within the ice containment device. an input port for receiving the first liquid discharged from the container when the first liquid is discharged from the container; , and an output port is formed at the top of the wall to ensure that the second liquid in the ice containment device is completely frozen. having a volume corresponding to a small portion of the total liquid expelled from said container when tied up. The top tank is located at or near class level, is open to atmospheric pressure, and is The top tank is connected to the output port of the top tank at the top of the wall. an input port configured to receive an overflow amount of said first liquid from said first liquid; and an output port at the bottom of the wall to ensure that the second liquid in the ice containment device is completely a volume at least equivalent to the entire liquid expelled from said container when frozen to an inventory tank having a coupled to pump the first liquid from the inventory tank to the container; inventory pump means for sending and a first level installed in said top tank; bell gauge means; second level gauge means mounted in the inventory tank; when the liquid level in the top tank falls to a predetermined lower level; Switch on the inventory pump means and ensure the liquid level in the top tank is Turning off the inventory pump means when rising to a predetermined upper level pump control means coupled to said first level gauge means for switching to; The liquid level in the inventory tank is the same in all of the ice storage devices. substantially all of the second liquid has risen to a pre-calibrated level indicating that it has frozen to switch off the chiller plant and the liquid pump when the second control means coupled to the level gauge means of claim 17. system. 20. The first group of ice containment devices has the form of regular, approximately parallel pipes. Constructed to hold at least several gallons of liquid, with top and bottom walls A container with a length and width at least several times the dimensions of its side and end walls The second section has a wall thickness that provides wall flexibility that allows for expansion of the internal volume. a molded plastic container of the form of 1; one on top of the other, and side to side and end to end contact a three-dimensional array of containers is formed in the container, and the top and bottom of the containers are and at least one of the bottom walls has a protrusion arrangement formed thereon, and the container the top or bottom walls of adjacent containers when one is stacked on top of the other. so that the top wall of one container and A liquid flow channel is formed between it and the bottom wall of the container, and this liquid flow The channels are also empty for the volumetric expansion of the container during the formation of ice therein. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the system provides time. 21. The first group of ice storage devices constitutes the main part of the ice storage device and a second group of containment devices for adapting to the first configuration of the container; two narrow objects designed to fill the space in the three-dimensional arrangement of the container; each device in the second group has a liquid volume in the first form of the container. a second form of molded material configured to hold a fraction of its capacity; a second type of plastic container of a second group; The top and bottom main walls of the container have the same length as the container of the first form and the same length as the container of the first form. has a width in a predetermined ratio with respect to the width in the container of the first form, and the second The side main wall of the container of the first form has the same dimensions as the main side wall of the container of the first form. and at least one of the top and bottom walls of the container is formed thereon. It has a protruding arrangement that allows the containers to overlap when one is stacked on top of the other. separated by a short distance from the top or bottom wall of the abutting container; This allows liquid flow between the top wall of one container and the bottom wall of the container above it. channels are formed, and this liquid flow channel also supports the formation of ice therein. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the system provides space for volumetric expansion of the container. Tem. 22. Each container has a neck with external threads for attaching the cap onto it A screw on the cap having a self-adhesive liner formed on one end thereof provided for mounting on the neck of the antenna, whereby the ice containment device The container is transported empty to an installation location and then filled with the second liquid at the installation location. The system according to claim 20. 23. Each of said containers has a small amount of freeze-enhancing material contained therein; The freeze-enhancing material aids in the initial formation of ice within the container, thereby 21. The system of claim 20, operative to increase the initial freezing temperature of. 24. In a method for supplying a cooled liquid to a chilled liquid utilization circuit, configured to contain a first liquid characterized by a first freezing temperature form a container; The imperfect geometry is designed to allow the storage volume of the container to increase due to the freezing of the liquid inside. A large number of plastics characterized by geometric shapes and deformable wall structures. a second freezing temperature substantially higher than the first freezing temperature; the container is filled with a second liquid characterized by a freezing temperature of A large number of ice storage devices are formed by sealing so that the liquid in step 2 does not escape. The ice storage device is placed in the container and is not occupied by the ice storage device. filling at least a majority of the volume of the container with the first liquid; during a period of time sufficient to freeze the second liquid in the ice storage device. the first freezing temperature to a temperature that is higher than the first freezing temperature and substantially lower than the second freezing temperature. cools the liquid of said first through said sealed container and said utilization circuit during a load cooling cycle. each step of circulating a liquid and thereby melting the ice in the ice storage device; A method for supplying a chilled liquid having a cooling liquid to a chilled liquid utilization circuit. 25. The step of forming the container includes forming a closed container containing the ice storage device. form and place it at class level or below, A top tank is formed that is open to the atmosphere, and this top tank is used as the top tank of the above-mentioned circuit. The top tank is placed at a position above level and connects the top tank directly to the airtight container. including tep, The step of filling the container includes completely filling the closed container with the first liquid. and partially filling the top tank with the first liquid. the ice containment device in the closed container during the cooling step; When the volume of the first liquid increases due to the formation of ice inside the first liquid, the additional amount of the first liquid becomes dynamically moved into said top tank; During the circulation step, the ice storage device in the closed container is allowed to melt the ice therein. Therefore, when the volume is reduced, said first liquid is automatically transferred from said top tank to said first liquid. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the method is returned to a closed container. 26. The step of forming the container includes forming a closed container containing the ice storage device. form and place it at class level or below, A top tank is formed that is open to the atmosphere, and this top tank is used as the top tank of the above-mentioned circuit. The inventory tank should be placed above the level and open to the atmosphere. Place an inventory tank at or near the rank level, and place the top tank at or near the rank level. directly connected to said closed container, thereby during said cooling step. When the ice storage device in the vessel increases in volume due to the formation of ice inside the 1 of liquid is automatically transferred into said top tank; The inventory tank is connected to the top tank during the cooling step. receiving said first liquid overflowing therefrom; The step of filling the container includes completely filling the closed container with the first liquid. In addition, the first liquid causes the top tank and the inventoryr to the step of partially filling the link; The method further includes: detecting the level of liquid in the top tank during the ice melting cycle; generating a signal when the signal reaches a predetermined minimum level; on the signal to maintain a minimum level of the liquid level in the top tank. Liquid from the inventory tank to the closed container or top tank depending on the situation. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the method comprises circulating the body.