JPH0142648B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) This invention uses a paper tube with no cover and no bottom to grow seedlings, then
To provide a method for growing seedlings in paper tube pots, which prevents soil from falling off during transportation and planting of seedlings, and which is particularly suitable for transplanting by machine. (Prior Art) The cultivation method of growing seedlings using paper tubes with no cover and planting them directly in the main field has been widely used and has brought about improvements in the rationalization of farming. Various types of paper tubes of this kind are known. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-28726, individual paper tubes are glued together in a honeycomb shape with two types of glues with different properties. Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-51058 discloses an assembly of paper tubes that can be transplanted separately into pots, and in Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-51058, individual paper tubes are connected with connecting pieces, and after seedlings are raised, they are continuously pulled out from one end and mechanically removed. A continuous paper tube assembly is disclosed that is separated and transplanted into individual paper tubes. Recently, there has been a strong demand for a fully automated transplanter to transplant seedlings in a labor-saving and efficient manner after raising seedlings using the latter continuous paper tube assembly. When raising seedlings using each of the above-mentioned paper tube aggregates, expand the aggregate, fill the emerging paper tubes with soil, sow seeds, cover with soil, and then water thoroughly to provide adequate moisture for 20 to 50 days. Seedlings are grown under temperature conditions. In this way, the seeds germinate and grow, but at the same time, microorganisms in the soil also proliferate, and the paper part of the inner wall of the paper tube gradually decomposes and becomes moderately brittle. It will be in good condition. Therefore, when the seedlings are transported or transplanted to the main field after raising them, the seedling soil is less likely to fall out of the paper cylinder, resulting in stable seedlings. Raising seedlings using paper tubes like this can be said to be a method of raising seedlings that skillfully utilizes microbial activity. However, when seedlings grown in continuous paper tubes as described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-51058 are used, and when they are pulled out in rows and then separated and transplanted, a large amount of force is applied to the paper tube seedlings when separating them into individual seedlings. Since there is a risk of damaging the seedlings, the paper tube itself needs to be strong enough to withstand mechanical handling. For this reason, it is customary to apply a certain amount of strong rot-resistant treatment to increase the wet strength of paper, but if the rot-resistant treatment is strengthened, it is possible to prevent the above-mentioned microorganisms from decomposing the paper, but as a result, it becomes less compatible with the soil for raising seedlings. This results in poor soil retention, resulting in a lot of seedling soil falling off during transplanting, and poor rooting after planting. In order to eliminate such inconvenience, the special public
Publication No. 30805 states that while the paper does not have to be subjected to strong anti-rotation treatment to ensure good soil retention for seedlings, it is easily torn by mechanical separation force and the paper tube seedlings themselves are subjected to great stress. A method has been proposed in which a continuous paper tube is used for raising seedlings, the connecting piece of the paper tube having a separation guiding part and a cut line to prevent this from occurring. (Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, if the connection piece of the continuous paper cylinder is provided with a notch including a separation guide part and used for raising seedlings, if the height of the paper cylinder is high, the separation guide part of the connection piece or the cut Even if a cutting line is provided, it can provide sufficient strength when pulling out in rows, but if the height is less than 6 cm, it is difficult to provide a sufficient separation guiding part or cutting line, and the process of pulling out paper tube seedlings is difficult. This causes the rows to be cut midway through, making the transplanting process difficult. Furthermore, the manufacture of such continuous paper cylinders itself is complex and requires delicate manufacturing management. (Means for Solving the Problems) As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, this invention is based on the results that, when a paper cylinder is packed with soil, a substance that expands when water is added is added to the paper cylinder to create an expansion pressure inside the paper cylinder. Focusing on the ability of soil to prevent soil from falling off, we mixed a super absorbent polymer that swells with moisture into the seedling soil in a continuous paper cylinder made of paper that has been treated with anti-corrosion treatment to provide wet strength to withstand mechanical handling. This problem was solved by filling the soil with water and watering to create expansion pressure and prevent the seedling-raising soil from falling off. (Function) As the paper tube assembly in this invention,
In addition to the paper tube aggregates described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-28726, Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-51058, etc., any paper tube normally used for raising seedlings can be used. The soil to be filled in the paper tube assembly contains a super absorbent polymer that expands when wet.
As the polymer, various materials such as starch/acrylic acid graft polymerization, polysodium acrylate crosslinking, polyvinyl alcohol crosslinking, and polyethylene crosslinking can be used. Use something that does not dissolve in water. These superabsorbent polymers are commercially available as soil conditioners under various brands. Now, when super absorbent polymer KI Gel 201 (this material is isobutyl maleic anhydride copolymer system, manufactured by Clarei Sopray Chemical Co., Ltd.) is mixed with the seedling raising soil, the pulling resistance of the seedling raising soil from the paper cylinder (Kg ) will be explained using an experimental example. The experiment was carried out using kraft paper with a basis weight of 60 g/ ^m2 , coated with 8-oxyquinoline copper evenly at a concentration of 2% by weight based on the weight of the paper.
A hexagonal poured paper cylinder with a height of 5 cm and a height of 5 cm was made, and various types of KI gel (trade name, manufactured by Clary Soprene Chemical Co., Ltd.), which had passed through 20 meshes in volcanic sandy loam soil with a moisture content of approximately 30%, were added to it as seedling soil. %, fill it so that it bulges on the top of the paper tube, and after leveling it, it will be about 15 cm.
Consolidation density is approximately 1g/cc by repeating 20 drops from a height of
After that, sufficient watering and humidity control were carried out for 30 days according to normal seedling-raising conditions, and one end of the wire was fixed to the center of a 2 cm diameter synthetic resin plate, and a wire was passed through the center of the test paper tube, and the resin plate was tightly attached to the bottom surface. The wire that passed through the tube was connected to a spring balance, both ends of the paper tube were fixed, and the spring balance was pulled to remove the soil, and the maximum value was measured as the "pulling resistance force." The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] From the results in Table 1, there is a large correlation between the amount of KI Gel 201 (product name) mixed and the pull-out resistance.
As the gel addition ratio increases, the pull-out resistance also increases. On the other hand, according to the inventors' experience, the pulling resistance required when separating seedlings from continuous paper tubes is 0.8 kg or more, so we used the same rot-resistant paper as above, and the long axis was 3 cm and the height was 5 cm.
Five sets of continuous paper tubes (500 paper tubes) were made by connecting hexagonal columnar paper tubes with connecting pieces of 1.5 cm width made of the same paper quality, and each paper tube had 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10,
After filling with seedling growing soil mixed with 0.15% by weight of KI Gel (trade name) and controlling the water and humidity in the same manner as described above, the seeds were separated and planted using a transplanter disclosed in JP-A-58-138309. The results were as shown in Table 2.

[Table] From the results in Table 2, the KI required to provide pull-out resistance to withstand soil shedding during separation planting using a transplanter.
The minimum mixing amount of Gel 201 (product name) is 0.05% by weight.
You can know what to do by doing this. From the above experimental examples, when plants and crops are raised in paper tubes by mixing a superabsorbent polymer in the seedling soil, the moisture pressure of the superabsorbent polymer increases the sliding resistance between the soil and the paper tube, causing mechanical problems. It has become clear that it is possible to grow paper tube seedlings that are resistant to transplantation.
The use of this superabsorbent polymer is not limited to the case of raising seedlings in paper tubes that have been strongly treated to resist rot, but can also be used for raising seedlings in paper tubes that have been conventionally treated to resist rot. In addition, when the polymer is mixed with soil, it may be used after absorbing water in advance within a certain range of the total water absorption of the polymer. Unnecessary excitement can be prevented. Furthermore, depending on the conditions for raising seedlings and transplanting, handling may be performed such as filling only the lower layer, such as the lower half of the paper cylinder, with polymer mixed soil, and filling the upper layer with ordinary soil. In addition, the amount of polymer mixed in the above experimental example is a value that is compatible with KI Gel 201. When using a commercially available polymer with a different material system, for example, the amount of water absorption (body expansion) should be taken into consideration, and the desired pull-out resistance value and Just adjust the amount of mixture so that (Example) The base paper was made of kraft paper with a basis weight of 60 g/ ^m2 , which was uniformly impregnated with 8-oxynoline copper at a concentration of 2% by weight based on the weight of the paper. A continuous paper tube was fabricated in which 200 paper tubes with a cross-section of 5 cm and a hexagonal prism were connected by connecting pieces with a width of 1.5 cm, forming a meandering structure and being glued with water-soluble glue. As seedling growing soil (a) Approximately 30% moisture mixed with fertilizer in advance
KI gel as a super absorbent polymer in volcanic sand loam
201 (trade name) isobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer based, Clarei Soprene Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.1% by weight
This was mixed and used in the practice of this invention, and (b) only volcanic sandy loam with a moisture content of about 30%, which had been pre-mixed with fertilizer, was used in a control practice. Place (a) seedling raising soil and (b) into the continuous paper cylinder made above.
After filling with seedling soil and leveling it by scraping,
After repeating 20 drops from a height of 15 cm, cabbage seeds were sown in the gap created at the top of the paper tube, and after covering the gap with soil, the seeds were placed in a greenhouse (temperature 20
The transplanter (Main specifications: self-propelled, total length 2200 mm, total width 920 mm, total height 1300 mm, weight 200 kg engine 2.5PS, holder planting method (row width 600mm, plant spacing 310mm) placed on a seedling stand,
As a result of pulling out seedlings in rows from one end at a speed of 0.35 m/s, separating them, and planting them, no midway breakage or damage was observed during the process of pulling out paper tube seedlings in rows in both this invention and the control practice. Regarding the shedding of the seedling raising soil, almost no shedding was observed in the implementation of this invention, whereas in the control implementation, over 90% of the seedlings fell off or partially fell off. (Effects of the Invention) When this invention is applied to the transplantation cultivation of seedlings of plants and crops using paper tubes, it is particularly effective in fully automatic transplantation using machines. In other words, even if paper tube seedlings with a simple structure that have been treated to resist rot to the extent that they can withstand mechanical transplantation are used without using paper tubes with a complicated structure as in the past, the growing method of the present invention prevents the seedling soil from falling off during transplantation. By making the fully automatic transplantation of paper tube seedlings more reliable, the work becomes more efficient and saves labor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Filling a pot with no lid and bottom with soil, sowing seeds, and raising seedlings,
When growing seedlings in paper tube pots that are transplanted while still in pots,
A method for growing seedlings in a paper tube pot, characterized in that a super absorbent polymer that expands when wet is mixed with seedling soil in the pot, and the soil is swelled by watering to prevent the seedling soil from falling off. 2. The method for growing seedlings in paper tube pots according to claim 1, wherein the pots are continuous paper tube pots connected so that they can be pulled out in rows with connection pieces made of paper that has been strongly treated to resist corrosion. . 3. The method for growing seedlings in paper tube pots according to claim 1, wherein the mixing of the superabsorbent polymer and the seedling growing soil comprises mixing the partially absorbed superabsorbent polymer and the seedling growing soil. 4. A paper tube pot according to claim 1 or 3, in which the lower layer of the pot is filled with seedling-raising soil mixed with a superabsorbent polymer, and the seedling-raising soil not mixed with a superabsorbent polymer is filled on top of the pot. How to grow body seedlings.