JPH0137737Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the invention] Purpose of the invention (industrial application field)
The present invention relates to an apparatus for purifying non-potable water, which generates fresh water from non-potable water such as rainwater or turbid water.

(Prior art) Filtration and distillation methods are known as techniques for obtaining fresh water from non-potable water such as seawater, rainwater containing sand or mud, and polluted water, but the former requires multiple filtration tanks. As a result, the equipment becomes large-scale, and moreover, it is not possible to sufficiently filter salt and the like. Additionally, in the latter case, a heat source such as a heater or burner is required as it evaporates non-potable water.
It cannot be used everywhere, and has the disadvantage of a complicated structure and high running costs.

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of energy saving, a solar system-based freshwater purification device employing the above-mentioned distillation method has been proposed. For example, this type of water purification equipment
This is a device that uses a heat pipe type solar collector tube that has a high boiling point heat medium such as diphenyl chloride or silicone oil in a closed loop conduit, and uses the solar heat as a heat source to heat the high boiling point heat medium in the closed loop conduit to a temperature of 120 to 150℃. temperature, the high boiling point heat medium is introduced into a heat exchange tank, the non-potable water placed in the heat exchange tank is heated by heat exchange to evaporate it, and then the vapor is condensed. This is how you get fresh water.

However, with a structure such as this water purification system that evaporates non-potable water by exchanging heat between a high boiling point heat medium raised to a high temperature by solar heat and the water is evaporated, heat loss in the solar heat transfer system is high. This creates an economic bottleneck in that the production capacity of fresh water is extremely low, and the equipment becomes large because it requires a heat exchange part such as a heat exchange tank, and because these parts are expensive, the manufacturing cost increases. It was hot.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) The present invention was made in view of the drawbacks of conventional water purification equipment that utilizes solar heat for non-potable water, and its purpose is to It is an object of the present invention to provide a freshening device for non-potable water that is efficient in use, has a simple structure, is easy to maintain, and has excellent expandability.

Structure of the Invention (Means for Solving the Problems) As a means to solve the problems, the apparatus for dewatering non-potable water of the present invention includes a header having a pipe line covered with a heat insulating material. A plurality of bottomed cylindrical solar heat collectors each having an open end at one end are removably connected to the side wall with the openings facing diagonally upward, and the solar heat collectors are supplied with non-potable water. Connect the injection channel to the conduit of the header, and further,
A structure is adopted in which a condensing tank is provided to receive steam generated from a solar heat collector storing non-potable water from the pipe line of the header and condense it.
At this time, in order to lower the boiling point of non-potable water and increase its evaporation efficiency, it is recommended to use a pump to reduce the pressure in the series of spaces from the solar collector through the header pipes to the condensing tank. In order to save energy, it is desirable to be able to selectively isolate that series of spaces from atmospheric pressure.

(Example) Next, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing one embodiment of the water purification apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an X-X in FIG. 1.
It is a sectional view taken along the line.

First, to briefly explain the configuration of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. When the steam of non-potable water boiled and generated by the solar heat collector 1 is condensed, a condensing section 3 is provided.
and a conduit 4 connecting the solar heat collector 1 and the condensing section 3.

The solar heat collector 1 shown in Fig. 1 is made up of a plurality of solar heat collection tubes 1A arranged in a row, and the solar heat collection pipes 1A are vacuum double tubes having an opening at only one end as shown in Fig. 2. In the mold, two transparent glass tubes 1A ₁ and 1A ₂ with different inner and outer diameters constituting the same tube are overlapped concentrically with a gap between them, and the space between both glass tubes 1A ₁ and 1A ₂ is exposed to outside air. It is isolated from the air and under reduced pressure to form a double vacuum tube. Furthermore, on the surface of the inner glass tube _1A2 , a black selective absorption film that has a high heat absorption property and has the function of suppressing heat radiation is deposited. It is a composite film with two layers, an inner and outer layer, made of a heat-absorbing metal oxide or composite metal carbide film, and the outer layer is a metal film with low thermal emittance that reflects heat radiated from the inner layer toward the inner layer. In addition _, there is a spacer spring ring 1A 3 which has the function of maintaining the concentricity of the inner and outer glass tubes 1A ₁ and 1A ₂ and supporting the inner glass tube 1A ₂ in response to the body expansion of the inner glass tube 1A ₂ . , support leaf spring 1A ₄ and inner and outer glass tube _1A 1,1
A is placed between the _two .

As shown in FIG. 3, the solar heat collector 1 has a structure in which a plurality of solar heat collector tubes 1B each having a copper pipe 7 having a heat collecting plate 6 are arranged in a row in a vacuum glass tube 5 that is sealed and depressurized. It can be replaced with a structure in which copper pipes like the one described above are housed in a meandering shape in a heat collecting hollow panel (not shown).
It is necessary to make the interior of the copper pipe 7 easy to clean. In this respect, since the vacuum double glass tube type solar heat collecting tube 1A has one end open and each tube is independent, it is possible to easily drain and wash the unpotable water concentrated by boiling.

The condensing section 3 is mainly composed of a condensing tank 8 made of non-cast steel that condenses steam introduced through the pipe line 4, and is further equipped with an outside air intake valve 9 and a fresh water discharge valve 10.

The pipe line 4 is located at the end of a water conduit pipe 12 that supplies non-potable water to the solar heat collector 1, into a steam discharge pipe 11 that receives steam generated in the solar heat collector 1 and guides it to the condensation tank 8. A water injection hopper 14 having an injection valve 13 and a filter (not shown) for non-potable water is attached to the outer end of the water conduit pipe 12, and a pipe is connected to the condensation tank 8 side of the steam discharge pipe 11. 4 and condensing tank 8
A valve 15 is attached to cut off communication with. The outer periphery of the pipe 4 is covered with a heat insulating material 16 from the vicinity of the connection with the solar heat collector 1 to the condensation tank 8.
This prevents steam from condensing in the pipe 4.

In addition, in order to prevent non-potable water introduced from the water conduit pipe 12 from flowing into the condensing tank 8, this pipe line 4 is provided with a partition plate 17 on the condensing tank 8 side as shown in FIG. A steam passage 11A is formed only in the upper part of the pipe. Furthermore, a plate trap 18 is obliquely attached to this partition plate 17 with its flat part facing the opening of the solar heat collecting tube 1A.
When A is full of water, it is designed to prevent non-potable water boiling near the opening from flowing over the partition plate 17 into the condensing tank 8. The plate trap 18 may have a lattice-like louver or honeycomb structure, but it must not be a factor in cooling the steam.

A vacuum pump 19 is connected to the pipe line 4 to reduce the pressure of the circuit from the injection valve 13 of the pipe line 4 to the inside of the condensing tank 8 to about 50 Torr.
It is now possible to lower the boiling point of non-potable water to around 60℃. Especially this vacuum pump 1
9 may be a manual type such as a hand crank type or a foot operated type, but it may be an electric type as long as it is powered by an external power source or a solar battery.

Next, the connection structure between the solar heat collector 1 and the pipe line 4 will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 2.

The solar heat collecting pipe 1A has its open end connected to the pipe line 4.
It can be attached and detached freely, and the connection part for this purpose is configured as follows.

A plurality of openings 20 equal to the number of solar heat collecting pipes 1A are bored slightly downward at a predetermined pitch on the circumferential surface of the pipe 4, and a branch pipe 21 is provided protruding downwardly from the outside of each opening 20. has been done. The inner diameter of these branch pipes 21 is set in accordance with the outer diameter dimension of the glass tube _1A1 outside the solar heat collecting pipe 1A, and furthermore, the inner circumference of the branch pipe 21 is provided with liquid-tight and air-tight seals at appropriate positions. A circumferential groove 23 is formed into which an O-ring 22 is mounted to achieve this. It should be noted that the O-ring 22 and the circumferential groove 23 do not need to be one or one thread per integral branch pipe 21, and multiple sets may be provided in order to further ensure the sealing state. . Further, the device for achieving a liquid-tight and air-tight seal state is not limited to the above-mentioned O-ring 22, but an oil seal or a lip packing such as a V-packet or a U-packet can also be used.
When a U-packet or a V-packet is used, by orienting the opening side of the corresponding packing to the atmosphere, the sealing performance for the inside of the depressurized pipe 4 is significantly improved.

Next, the operation of the embodiment configured as described above will be explained with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

To generate fresh water, first, unpotable water such as seawater, rainwater, or turbid water is poured into a water injection hopper 14 equipped with a filter, and the injection valve 13 is opened to pour the unpotable water into each solar heat collection pipe 1A, which is almost filled with water. supply until Thereafter, the injection valve 13 is closed, the circuit from the valve 13 to the inside of the condensing tank 8 via the pipe line 4 is made airtight, and the pressure inside the circuit is reduced by driving the vacuum pump 19. still,
Since each solar heat collecting pipe 1A is connected to the pipe line 4 in an airtight seal state by the action of an O-ring 22, there is no need to constantly drive the vacuum pump 19.
It can maintain a vacuum level of about 50 Torr (approximately 1/15 atmosphere), and you only need to turn it by hand several times a day to maintain the vacuum level.

In the solar heat collector 1, the inner glass tubes _1A2 of each solar heat collection tube 1A absorb solar heat to heat non-potable water filled in the tubes _1A2 , and the water eventually boils and evaporates. Start. Since the circuit of the pipe line 4, including the inside of the solar heat collecting pipe 1A, is under reduced pressure, the boiling point of water is lowered, and the non-potable water evaporates in a relatively short time. The steam thus produced is led to a condensing tank 8 via a pipe 4.
Since the condensing tank 8 is exposed to the outside air, it is cooled and the steam adhering to the wall of the condensing tank 8 begins to condense, and soon fresh water is stored in the condensing tank 8. In addition, when taking out the stored fresh water, close the valve 15, open the outside air intake valve 9, and then open the fresh water discharge valve 10.
Just open it.

Next, due to repeated use of the solar heat collector 1,
Foreign matter remaining inside the solar heat collecting pipe 1A due to concentration of non-potable water may adhere to the inner wall, so it is recommended to wash all solar heat collecting pipes 1A about once every 2 to 3 days. . In the case of this embodiment, the open end of each solar heat collecting pipe 1A is connected to the branch pipe 2.
Since the solar heat collecting pipe 1A is detachably inserted into the pipe 4, if the inside and outside of the solar heat collecting pipe 1A become dirty, the solar heat collecting pipe 1A is removed from the conduit 4 for maintenance.

The embodiments detailed above are merely examples, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the invention, and modifications of the invention will be described below.

In the system shown in FIG. 5, a condensing pipe 32 is provided in a hopper 31 for injecting non-potable water to form a condensing section 30, and the steam generated from each solar heat collection pipe 1A is combined in a pipe 33. After that, the standpipe 34
The steam that reaches the condensing pipe 32 is cooled with non-potable water stored in the water injection hopper 31, thereby forcibly condensing the steam into fresh water, which is stored in the water storage tank 35. In this embodiment, since the non-potable water stored in the water injection hopper 31 is heated by the heat exchange, the non-potable water in the water injection hopper 31 is guided to the solar heat collection pipe 1A. It is preheated before being heated. Therefore, according to this embodiment, heat can be used effectively, and the evaporation rate can be made faster than in the first embodiment. In FIG. 5, the same members as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, it is also possible to eliminate the water storage tank 35 and use the valve 15 provided at the end of the condensing pipe 32 as a fresh water discharge valve to store fresh water in the condensing pipe 32 itself. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the condensing pipe 32 is connected to the water injection hopper 31.
When taken outside, the preheating effect of the non-potable water disappears, but the steam can be condensed by exposing it to the outside air and cooling it naturally.

Effects of the invention As is clear from the above explanation, the non-potable water freshening device of the present invention has a supply path for non-potable water to each solar heat collector and condenses the steam generated from each solar heat collector. Since a water purification device for non-potable water is constructed by connecting multiple solar heat collectors in parallel to a header that also serves as a steam path leading to the tank, the device can be made smaller in that the header can also be used for multiple purposes. This also has the advantage that the device can be easily expanded by simply adding headers. In addition, by covering the header pipe with a heat insulating material, when the header is used both as an injection channel for non-potable water and as a steam passage, it is possible to prevent steam from condensing wastefully in the pipe. This has the effect of improving fresh water generation efficiency.

Furthermore, since the solar heat collector can be attached to and detached from the header, it is easy to drain and clean the non-potable water that remains concentrated in the tubes of the solar heat collector due to boiling. There is.

Furthermore, by making it possible to selectively isolate the series of spaces from the solar collector through the header to the condensing tank from atmospheric pressure, it becomes possible to depressurize that space with a pump while it is isolated from atmospheric pressure. As a result, the pump required to lower the boiling point of non-potable water and efficiently generate steam can be driven intermittently, making it possible to save energy in driving such a pump. There is an effect.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the apparatus for purifying non-potable water according to the present invention. Fig. 1 is an overall perspective view of the first embodiment, and Fig. 2 is a cross section taken along the line X-X in Fig. 1. Figure 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another solar heat collector tube, Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the device of the present invention, and Figure 5 is a schematic cross section showing another embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram. 1... Solar heat collector, 1A, 1B... Solar heat collector tube, 3, 30... Condensing section, 8... Condensing tank, 32
... Condensation pipe, 4, 33 ... Pipe line, 14, 31 ...
Water injection hopper, 35...water storage tank.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] (1) A plurality of bottomed cylindrical solar heat collectors with one end opened on the side wall of a header having a pipe line covered with a heat insulating material, The solar heat collector is connected diagonally upward in a detachable manner, and an injection channel for supplying non-potable water to the solar heat collector is connected to the conduit of the header, and the solar heat collector stores non-potable water. An apparatus for freshening non-potable water, comprising a condensing tank that receives steam generated from the header from the pipe line of the header and condenses it. (2) The above-mentioned water injection channel has a valve for isolating the inside of the header conduit from atmospheric pressure, and the above-mentioned condensing tank has a valve for isolating the inside of the tank from atmospheric pressure. The pipe line is connected to a pump for decompressing the space isolated from the atmospheric pressure when both of the valves are closed. Device.