JPH0135615B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to plant cultivation, and in particular to water supply that improves oxygen supply to plants by changing the amount of roots immersed in nutrient water according to plant growth. This relates to cultivation equipment.

[Prior art]

A plan view of a conventional hydroponic cultivation device is shown in Figure 1.
The sectional view taken along the line A-A in the figure is shown in Fig. 2, and the sectional view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 2.
A cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. A support beam 2 is placed on a cultivation tank 1, and a large number of plants 3 are planted on the support beam 2. Plant 3 is young seedling 3a, medium seedling 3
As shown in b and mature 3c, the plants are planted on support beams 2 as they grow, and the plants planted on support beams 2 at the same time are harvested at the same time. In this case, plants 3 from planting to harvesting are simultaneously grown in cultivation tank 1.
Since the roots of the plants 3 are immersed in the nutrient water 4 that has entered the cultivation tank 1, the water level of the nutrient water 4 is raised for the seedlings 3a, and the water level is lowered as the plants 3 grow. However, since such adjustment is impossible, air is blown into the nutrient water 4 to prevent insufficient oxygen supply. Therefore, with conventional hydroponic cultivation equipment, not only is a device for blowing air into the nutrient water necessary, but also the roots of the plants are prone to rot if they are immersed in the nutrient water for too long. It had the disadvantage of inhibiting the

[Purpose of the invention]

The object of the present invention is to enable hydroponic cultivation in which the distance between a support beam for planting plants and a water nutrient surface can be adjusted, the distance can be easily adjusted, and the support beam can be easily moved. The goal is to provide equipment.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention provides a support beam on which a plant is planted, a buoyancy generating section that is open at the bottom and stores air, and a support beam that stores nutrient water and floats the support beam on the nutrient water so that the support beam can be moved. and an air supply pipe provided at the lower part of the cultivation tank, facing the opening of the buoyancy generation part of the support beam, and in the direction of movement of the support beam, and supplying air to the buoyancy generation part. It is characterized by the fact that

[Embodiments of the invention]

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the Example of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of this invention is described with drawing.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an embodiment of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line D-D of FIG. 5. In Fig. 5, E-
A sectional view taken along line E is shown in FIG. 7, and a detailed view of the nutrient water level regulator is shown in FIG. 8. Nutrient water 12 is placed in a long cultivation tank 11, an air tank 14 is provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank 13 to provide buoyancy, and the cultivation tank 13 is made to float on top of the nutrient water 12. The water level of the nutrient water 17, 18, 19 in the cultivation tank 13 can be changed simply by sealing and fitting the container 15 with an O-ring 16 and moving the regulator 15 up and down.

A support beam 20 is placed on the cultivation tank 13, and a large number of plants 21 are planted on the support beam 20. The plants 21 are planted on the support beams 20 at each growth stage, such as young seedlings 21a, medium seedlings 21b, and mature seedlings 21c, and the plants planted on the support beams 20 at the same time are harvested at the same time. Since the plants 21 from planting to harvesting are supported in separate cultivation tanks 13 for each growth stage, it is only necessary to change the water level of the nutrient water for each cultivation tank 13. As shown in FIG. 5, for young seedlings 21a, the water level of the nutrient water 17 with respect to the support beam 20 is raised, and when the seedlings grow to middle seedlings 21b, the water level of the nutrient water 18 is raised.
The water level of the nutrient water 19 is lowered by the regulator 15, and the water level of the nutrient water 19 is further lowered in the maturation stage 21c. The water level of the nutrient water can be changed almost steplessly, and the amount of nutrient water in the cultivation tank 13 is reduced according to the growth of the plants 21.

A supply pipe 22 for supplying nutrient water to the cultivation tank 13
are provided parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation tank 11,
Small holes are provided in the supply pipe 22 at arbitrary pitches, and nutrient water is supplied through the small holes. Most of the nutrient water supplied to the cultivation tank 13 is sufficient just by circulating the nutrient water 12 in the cultivation tank 11, so it is only necessary to replenish only the amount consumed as a whole. Since the air tank 14 is provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank 13, the cultivation tank 13 can be floated in the nutrient water 12, and if the nutrient water 12 has a flow, the cultivation tank 13 can be easily moved. Become.

Another embodiment of the regulator of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIG. 9. Cultivation tank 3
Fit the drain hose 33 into the drain port 32 provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank 1, tighten the drain hose 33, and move the adjustment bolt 35 up and down with respect to the support 36 provided in the cultivation tank 31 via the band 34. It is fixed by a nut 37. Therefore, by moving the adjustment bolt 35 up and down, the water level of the nutrient water 38 can be adjusted.

Another embodiment of the cultivation tank of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIG.
Figure 11 shows the sectional view taken along line FF in the figure, and G in Figure 10.
-G line sectional view is shown in FIG. Cultivation tank 4
1 is made of a single-cell synthetic resin with low specific gravity, and a drain port 42 is provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank 41.
Similarly, a drain hose 43 is fitted in the drain hose 43.

An embodiment of the water supply system for the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIG. 13. Cultivating water 5 in the cultivation tank 51
2, the cultivation tank 53 is floated on top of the nutrient water 52, and the cultivation tank 53 is filled with nutrient water 54,
55, 56, 57, and 58, and each cultivation tank 53 is provided with a water level regulator (not shown). A drain pipe 59 is provided at the lower part of the cultivation tank 51, and this drain pipe 59 is connected to a supply pipe 62 and a discharge pipe 63 from a pump 60 via an extrusion pipe 61. A shutoff valve 64 is located between the extrusion pipe 61 and the supply pipe 62, and a shutoff valve 65 is located between the extrusion pipe 61 and the discharge pipe 63. A large number of small holes are provided in the supply pipe 62, and the nutrient water 66 is supplied to the cultivation tank 53 through the small holes.
is added. From the discharge pipe 63, the water is discharged as discharge nutrient water 67 to the cultivation tank 51 on the side where the seedlings are to be planted. By this discharged nutrient water 67, the cultivation tank 5
3 is designed to move from the left side to the right side, so if you set the left side to the young seedling side and the right side to the mature side, the water surface of the nutrient water can be kept on the same cultivation tank 51 and in the same cultivation tank 53 from planting to harvesting. This means that cultivation can be done while making adjustments.

Another embodiment of the water supply system for the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is shown in FIG. 14. Nutrient water 72 is put into the cultivation tank 71, and the cultivation tank 73 is floated on top of the cultivation water 72.
4, 75, 76, 77, 78, each cultivation tank 7
3 is provided with a water level regulator (not shown). A drain pipe 79 is provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank 71, and a supply pipe 81 is connected to the drain pipe 79 via a pump 80. The supply pipe 81 is provided with a large number of small holes, through which the cultivation tank 73 is formed and the supplied nutrient water 82 is added. A weir 83 for adjusting the water level is provided on the harvesting side of the cultivation tank 71, and the nutrient water overflowing the weir 83 is returned to the nutrient water 84 as nutrient water 86 in the return tank 85.
It accumulates as A suction pipe 87 is inserted into the nutrient water 86, and the water is discharged as discharge nutrient water 90 from a discharge pipe 89 via a pump 88 to the cultivation tank 71 on the side where seedlings are to be planted. Cultivation tank 7 by discharged nutrient water 90
3 is designed to move from the left side to the right side, so if you set the left side to the young seedling side and the right side to the mature side, the water surface of the nutrient water can be kept on the same cultivation tank 71 and in the same cultivation tank 73 from planting to harvest. This means that cultivation can be done while making adjustments.

In the above-mentioned embodiment of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the water level of the nutrient water in the cultivation tank can be freely changed according to the growth of the plants, so cultivation can be performed at the optimal nutrient water level, and the cultivation tank can be adjusted to the flow of nutrient water. Since it can be moved around, it can be moved around the cultivation tank from planting to harvesting without relying on human power. In addition, since the cultivation tank can be moved from seedling to maturity, lighting, temperature, and _CO2 can be adjusted according to the growth stage.
Forced cultivation can be done by changing the cultivation environment conditions such as concentration and passing through that area. Furthermore, it can be said that the longer the cultivation tank, the easier it is to set the cultivation environment, and the more mass production is done, the easier it is to promote cultivation.

Note that if the amount of nutrient water in the cultivation tank is reduced, it will be difficult to move the cultivation tank using only the flow of nutrient water.
When the cultivation tank gets wet, it becomes slippery, so you can move the cultivation tank with just a little horizontal force. In this case, there is no need to provide a tank in the cultivation tank or to manufacture it from a material with low specific gravity.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of another embodiment of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along line H-H in FIG.
FIG. 17 shows a sectional view taken along the line II in FIG. 16. An air tank 24 and an air receiver 25, which are buoyancy generating parts, are provided at the lower part of the support beam 23 floating in the nutrient water 12 placed in the cultivation water tank 11. Plug 26 provided in
Air can be easily supplied and discharged.

A large number of plants 27 are planted on the support beams 23, and the plants 27 are seedlings 27a, medium seedlings 27b, and mature seedlings 27 on each support beam 23 from planting to harvest.
As shown in c, the roots of the plant 27 are immersed in the nutrient water 12, but the air 28 introduced into the air receiver 25 provided on the support beam 23 is adjusted according to the growth of the plant 27.
Support beams 23 are changed as shown in a, 28b, and 28c.
By increasing the distance between the plant 27 and the nutrient water 12, the amount of exposure of the roots to the air increases as the plant 27 grows. That is, air is gradually introduced into the air receiver 25 as the plant 27 grows. In order to sufficiently supply oxygen to the roots of the plants 27, it is desirable to increase the amount of roots exposed to air as the plants 27 grow, and this can be achieved by gradually introducing air into the air receiver 25 as described above. This is to achieve the following.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 18 is a plan view of a support beam composed of two air receivers corresponding to a buoyancy generating section, and FIG. 19 is a front view of FIG. 18.
FIG. 20 shows a sectional view taken along line J-J in FIG. 19. Abutment plates 30 are attached to both ends of the two support beams 29 with grooves facing downward.
A plug 39 is provided on the upper part of the support beam 29 to allow air to enter the lower part of the support beam 29, so that the support beam 29 constitutes an air receiver. The plant is planted between two support beams 29.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 21 shows a plan view of a support beam with plant holes provided on both sides of one air receiver corresponding to a buoyancy generating part, and FIG. 22 shows a front view of FIG. 21. , the sectional view taken along the line K-K in Figure 22 is shown in Figure 23.
As shown in the figure. A support plate 44 is provided on both sides of one support beam 40 with a groove facing downward, a support plate 45 is provided on both sides of the support beam 40, a notch 46 is arranged in the support plate 45, and a plug is provided at the top of the support beam 40. 47 is provided so as to introduce air into the lower part of the support beam 40.
constitutes the air receiver. The plant is planted using the notch 46 as a plant hole.

FIG. 24 shows a case where air is introduced into the air receiver through the regulating valve in the nutrient water circulation system of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention. The support beams 50 suspended in the nutrient water 49 placed in the cultivation tank 48 are the support beams 50 in which seedlings are planted.
The beams from a to the support beam 50e in which the mature plant is implanted are arranged in the order of growth. The amount of air 68 in the air receiver of the support beam 50 increases in the order of growth from 68a to 68e. A drain pipe 69 is provided on the harvesting side of the cultivation tank 48 , a pump 70 is connected to the drain pipe 69 , and water is supplied to the young seedling side of the cultivation tank 48 from a connecting pipe 91 via a shutoff valve 92 and a water supply pipe 93 . water supply.

On the other hand, a pump 94 is provided for sending air to the air receiver of the support beam 50, and an air supply pipe 97 is provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank 48 from the connecting pipe 95 via each regulating valve 96, so that the air from the air supply pipe 97 is Support beam 50
It is designed to enter the air receiver.

Since the nutrient water 49 is circulated by the pump 70, the support beam 50 can be moved as the seedling grows from a young seedling to maturity by the flowing water of the nutrient water 49, and the pump 94 also allows air to be gradually removed by the pump 94. Inject air into the air receiver of the support beam 50 and remove the support beam 50.
As the plant grows, it becomes larger and larger. This makes it easier to supply oxygen by gradually lifting the roots of the plants above the water surface of the nutrient water while moving the plants from planting to harvest.

FIG. 25 shows a case in which air is taken out from piping provided over the entire length of the cultivation tank and introduced into the air receiver in the nutrient water circulation system of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention. Cultivation tank 4
Support beam 50 suspended in nutrient water 49 placed in 8
, support beams 50a in which young seedlings are implanted to support beams 50e in which mature seedlings are implanted are arranged in order of growth. The amount of air 68 in the air receiver of the support beam 50 increases in the order of growth from 68a to 68e. A drain pipe 69 is provided on the harvest side of the cultivation tank 48,
A pump 70 is connected to the drain pipe 69, and a connecting pipe 91 is connected to the drain pipe 69.
Nutrient water is then supplied to the seedling side of the cultivation tank 48 via a shut-off valve 92 and a water supply pipe 93. On the other hand, a pump 94 for sending air to the air receiver of the support beam 50 is provided, and an air supply pipe 97 is provided from the connecting pipe 51 via the regulating valve 96 to the lower part of the cultivation tank 48 over almost the entire length. A large number of small holes are provided along the entire length of the support beam 50, and air exiting from the small holes enters the air receiver of the support beam 50.

Since the nutrient water 49 is circulated by the pump 70, the support beam 50 can be moved by the flow of the nutrient water 49 as it grows from a young seedling to maturity. is placed in the air receiver of the support beam 50, and the support beam 50 is made to float more as the plant grows. This makes it easier to supply oxygen by gradually lifting the roots of the plants above the water surface of the nutrient water while moving the plants from planting to harvest.

In addition, in the nutrient water circulation system of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the nutrient water in the cultivation tank was directly circulated by a pump,
Even if the nutrient water overflowing from the cultivation tank is put into a nutrient reservoir and the nutrient water from the nutrient reservoir is supplied to the cultivation tank, the effect is almost the same and is essentially the same as that described above.

In the embodiment of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention described above, since the support beam can be directly floated on the nutrient water, it is possible to float the support beam on the nutrient water and move the support beam, and at the same time, the floating height of the support beam is This allows for increased oxygen supply to the roots as the plant grows, making it relatively easy to adjust the growing environment conditions and moving the plant from planting to harvest to grow in the optimum environment. becomes possible.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, the distance between the support beam for planting plants and the water nutrient surface can be adjusted, and the distance can be easily adjusted by simply supplying air from the air supply pipe to the buoyancy generating section. At the same time, the support beam can be easily moved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a plan view of a conventional hydroponic cultivation device, Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is B in Figure 2.
4 is a plan view of an embodiment of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line C-C in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line D-- in FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line E-E in Figure 5, Figure 8 is a detailed view of the water level regulator for nutrient water in Figure 5, and Figure 9 is another diagram of the water level regulator. Fig. 10 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the cultivation tank, Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along line FF in Fig. 10, and Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line GG in Fig. 10. Line sectional view, FIG. 13 is a system diagram of an embodiment of the water supply system of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the first
4 is a system diagram of another embodiment of the water supply system, FIG. 15 is a plan view of another embodiment of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along line H-H in FIG. Figure 17 is a sectional view taken along line I-I in Figure 16,
Fig. 8 is a plan view of a support beam composed of two air receivers in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, Fig. 19 is a front view of Fig. 18, and Fig. 20 is a sectional view taken along the line J-J of Fig. 19. ,
FIG. 21 is a plan view of a support beam provided with plant holes on both sides of one air receiver in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention;
The figure is the front view of Fig. 21, and Fig. 23 is the K of Fig. 22.
-K line sectional view, Fig. 24 is a system diagram of the nutrient water circulation system of the hydroponic cultivation device of the present invention, when air is introduced into the air receiver through the regulating valve, and Fig. 25 is a system diagram of the hydroponic cultivation device of the present invention. It is a system diagram when air is taken out from piping provided over the entire length of a cultivation tank and introduced into an air receiver in a nutrient water circulation system. 11,51,71...Cultivation tank, 12,49,
52, 72... Nutrient water, 13, 31, 41, 48,
53,73...Cultivation tank, 14...Tank, 15...
...Regulator, 20, 23, 29, 40, 50... Support beam, 22, 62, 81... Supply pipe, 32, 4
2... Drain port, 33, 43... Drain hose, 35
...Adjustment bolt, 59,79...Drain pipe, 60,
80, 88... Pump, 63, 89... Discharge pipe, 66, 82... Supply nutrient water, 67, 90... Discharge nutrient water, 83... Weir, 84... Return nutrient water, 85
... Return tank, 87 ... Suction pipe, 24 ... Air tank, 25 ... Air receiver, 26, 39, 47 ...
Plug, 27... Plant, 28, 68... Air, 45...
... Support plate, 46 ... Notch, 70, 94 ... Pump, 93 ... Water supply pipe, 96 ... Adjustment valve, 97 ...
Air supply pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cultivation aquarium in which a support beam is planted with plants and is equipped with a buoyancy generation part that is open at the bottom and stores air, and which stores nutrient water and allows the support beam to float on the nutrient water so that the support beam can be moved. and an air supply pipe provided at the lower part of the cultivation tank, facing the opening of the buoyancy generation part of the support beam, and in the direction of movement of the support beam, and supplying air to the buoyancy generation part. Characteristic hydroponic cultivation equipment.