JPH01289431A - Method for transporting crustacean live fish and container therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To transport crustaceans in a live fish state for a long period, by embedding the crustaceans in a filler, such as sphagnum, and keeping the crustaceans at a temperature in a hydrous state inhabitable by the crustaceans. CONSTITUTION:Crustaceans 7 covered with a filler, such as sphagnum, are contained in measure-shaped boxes 4, which are then placed on top of each other in a heat insulating transportation container 1. In order to keep the crustaceans at a temperature in a hydrous state suitable for inhabitation of the crustaceans, pieces of seawater ice 6, etc., are placed in the topmost part of the boxes 4 and melted low-temperature seawater is dripped through many holes provided at the bottom of the boxes from the upper to the lower stages to maintain the filter in a wet state and simultaneously at a low temperature (about 5--1 deg.C). A water absorbing material 8 is spread over the lowermost part.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a method for transporting live crustaceans and containers thereof, and more specifically, it is a method for transporting live crustaceans, crabs, etc. even from areas with poor transport conditions such as time and temperature. The present invention relates to a method for transporting live fish such as crabs and crustaceans such as crabs, which enables the transport of live fish, and containers for the same.

Conventional technology Crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs are used in various dishes, and recently, as domestic production alone cannot meet demand, they have been imported from foreign countries as frozen products or live fish. However, live fish has a higher crustacean flavor than frozen fish, so
You can eat it raw, boil it in water, steam it,
It is preferred to use oil and soot, and it is desired to import live fish, but the transportation conditions are poor (and the current situation is that this request cannot be met).

In other words, each crustacean has different properties depending on its type, habitat, etc., and the lI! ! ! Some species can be easily marketed alive because they can be used for breathing, while others can only use oxygen in seawater and are difficult to transport, and transportation methods also vary depending on the type. , it is not possible to apply the same method to all. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the crustaceans that live at the Bering Station live at relatively low temperatures of 5°C or less and breathe oxygen in seawater, while the freshwater crabs and others live at room temperature and breathe air. They have the ability to breathe, and their habitat temperature varies depending on the type of crustacean.

Ko M is currently being transported as a live fish! The types of crustaceans and methods of transporting them are shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the codes for the methods of transporting crustaceans in Table 1 are as described below.

(1) Pack dry sawdust into sawdust.

(2) Place it in a plastic bag.

(3) Put it in a regular basket.

(4) Wrap the crabs in damp paper, fill the spaces between the crabs with a filler such as sawdust or sawdust, and further add ice to the filler.

In addition, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-8733 (the bottom of a foam-molded container is made into an ice chamber, a filler (insulating material) such as sawdust is placed on top of it, and live fish such as shrimp, crabs, etc. There is a method of arranging the containers so that they do not touch each other, burying them in a filling material such as cooled sawdust, and putting a lid on the top of the container.

However, these methods use dry sawdust as a filler or a cooling agent such as ice in addition to these fillers, but because the placement of this cooling agent is not appropriate, crustaceans The ice may become cold in some parts, making it impossible to maintain a uniform temperature during transportation, or the amount of coolant may not be appropriate (or the ice may melt in a short period of time, making it difficult for crustaceans to live). It is difficult to transport crustaceans in a live state for long periods of time because it is difficult to maintain the necessary amount of moisture and oxygen supply during transportation.

As explained above, in the conventional methods, only transportation methods and containers have been developed mainly for transporting live crustaceans under relatively easy transportation conditions and for short periods of time.

For this reason, it takes a relatively long time to transport shrimp and crabs from foreign countries and other areas where they can be landed to the domestic market as live fish, and there are large temperature changes during transportation. Furthermore, no transport methods or containers have been proposed that allow crustaceans to be transported in a live state even under extremely harsh transport conditions such as being exposed to shocks, etc.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention aims to solve these problems, and specifically,
When transporting crustaceans for long periods of time, such as transporting live shellfish such as shrimp and crabs from foreign countries, the conventional method is to keep the inside of the transport container at an uneven temperature (temperature suitable for the crustaceans to live), ,
The objective is to solve problems such as the difficulty of maintaining the water content necessary for catfish respiration, and the fact that means for transporting crustaceans in a live fish state for long periods of time have not yet been researched or developed.

Means for Solving the Problems and Their Effects In other words, the present invention provides the following features: (1) When transporting crustaceans such as crabs and crabs in a live state, after burying the crustaceans in a filler such as sphagnum moss, It is characterized by maintaining and transporting the crustaceans at a temperature suitable for their inhabitation and at a moisture content necessary for respiration. In four stages! a so-called and placed, /I! This is an insulated transport container consisting of a stack of boxes, with a cooling agent such as ice at the top and a crustacean buried in a filling material such as sphagnum moss in the middle. It is characterized by containing a water-absorbing agent that absorbs water at the bottom.

Therefore, the structure of these means and their functions will be explained in detail as follows.

The present inventors observed that when transporting crustaceans as live fish, long-term transport conditions from foreign countries are considerably harsher than domestic transport conditions, and sought conditions suitable for this. However, it has been found that a transport container and auxiliary materials such as fillers and coolants are required that meet the following requirements.

(1) The temperature inside the container is lower than the optimal habitat temperature for crustaceans (
(2) The inside of the container is almost evenly moist and the crustaceans do not become dry; (3) Excess water must be removed to the extent that it reduces the standard metabolism of the crustaceans to a certain extent and there is little temperature change. (4) In order to make the container small, lightweight, and compact, the container should be as small as possible, and as many crustaceans as possible can be accommodated in this small container. Moreover, the work was easy.

Over the years, we have conducted research on transport containers for transporting live crustaceans that satisfy these conditions, as well as the conditions for their use, and based on this research, we have established the present invention.

In addition, although the following explanation is performed using the example of snow crab opilio ladder (hereinafter abbreviated as snow crab), the present invention is not limited to this.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 1 as follows.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of a heat-insulating transport container used in carrying out the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view from above of a square-shaped box placed inside the container of FIG. Figure 3.
Figures (a) and (b) are top views of the base and main body of a conventional container, respectively, and Figure 4 is a graph of the habitat temperature of an example of a crustacean.

Reference numeral 1 is an insulating transport container, 2 is a container body, 3 is a base, 4
1 is a square-shaped box, 5 is a small hole, 6 is seawater ice, 1 is a snow crab covered with sphagnum moss, 8 is a water absorbing material, 9 is a freezing gelling agent, and 10 is an oxygen generating agent.

First, as shown in FIG.
consists of a container body 2 and a lid 3, and inside the insulating transport container 1, a large number of square-shaped boxes 4 with a large number of small holes 5 in the bottom are arranged fall L, and the upper part f13 It is constructed to maintain thermal insulation properties.

The container body 2.113 of the insulating transport container 1 and the square-shaped box 4 are both made of expanded polystyrene resin, and are designed to maintain light weight and heat insulation properties.

Further, small holes 5 are formed in the bottom of the square-shaped box 4, and the small holes 5 are distributed almost uniformly over the entire bottom surface.
For example, they are provided in a grid pattern, staggered pattern, etc. The opening diameter and spacing of the small holes 5 vary depending on the size of the target snow crab, the amount stored, etc., and cannot be specified, but when the local water ice 6 melts, the dissolved water is almost uniformly distributed to the small holes 5.
It is sufficient that the small holes 5 are distributed so that the snow crab covered with sphagnum moss is kept moist.

Next, a description will be given of the items stored in the square-shaped box 4 which is stacked in the container body 2.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, seven square-shaped boxes 4 are stacked on the container body 2, that is, stacked vertically in steps. -15℃) 6 is placed, as the local water ice 6 melts, seawater drips from the small hole 5 provided at the bottom, passing through the small hole 5 at the bottom of each of the five intermediate portions. Dry sponge stored at the bottom,
It is absorbed by a water-absorbing material 8 such as a polymeric water-absorbing agent. In addition,
A sphagnum moss-covered snow crab 7 wrapped in sphagnum moss moistened with low-temperature turbid water is stored in each middle part of the square-shaped box 4. It is not limited to stacking 5 pieces as in the example, but it is sufficient to have a small number (1 or more pieces).The sphagnum moss that covers snow crabs grows in clusters in ponds and marshes in cold regions and wetlands on plateaus. Even a type of fresh food with high water-absorbing power, which is commercially available and used for horticulture, can be applied to the present invention.

In addition to sphagnum moss, seaweed such as wakame and sargassum can also be used.

With the above structure, the sphagnum moss-covered snow crab 7 in the square-shaped box 4 becomes moist with the sphagnum moss due to the low-temperature seawater dripping from the top, and is held without drying out.
In addition, the temperature is almost uniform and maintained at a suitable low temperature of about 5°C to -1°C, which lowers the standard metabolism of crustaceans to some extent, and it is possible to transport the shellfish alive even for long periods of time.

The reason why sphagnum moss is suitable for transporting snow crabs in a live state for a long period of time in the method of the present invention is that the melted water from the sea ice 6 from the upper part of the sphagnum moss improves the living conditions of snow crabs due to its crushed water absorption and water retention properties. This is because the appropriate temperature and moisture are maintained, and furthermore, the oxygen in the air contained in the container body 2 and the oxygen dissolved in the dissolved water retained in the sphagnum moss also affect the oxygen breathing ability of the snow crab. It seems to contribute to some extent.

Therefore, when there is a shortage of oxygen in the air, the oxygen generating agent
For example, a product such as Aqua 8J manufactured by Kaisei Co., Ltd. may be placed in the square-shaped box 4.

Further, when the turbid water ice 6 is rapidly melted, a gelling agent that gels when frozen, a so-called frozen gelling agent 9, may be used as a cooling agent.

Specific examples include, for example, the product name "Ice-Non" manufactured by Hakugen Co., Ltd.;
Examples include the product name "Aqua UJ" for temperature use, and the product name "Eva Cool" manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd.

In this way, by adjusting the types and jars of sea water ice 6 and frozen gelling agent 9 according to the outside temperature during transportation and using them together, the temperature inside the container can be kept constant and the melting rate of local water ice 6 can be increased. is relaxed, the local water ice 6 in the square-shaped box 4 melts at a constant rate, and the melted water drips almost constantly from the small hole 5 at the bottom of the square-shaped box 4, causing the snow crabs to melt. Always kept moist.

Next, in order to carry out the method of the present invention, first, snow crab to be transported in a live state is placed in a seawater tank at a temperature of 5°C or lower, and then
It is preferable to feed the animals with the following turbid water and raise them with no food for about 4 to 5 days. Next, to tame the snow crab, its leg joints are bent and covered with wet sphagnum moss.

Note that, if necessary, the snow crab may be fixed with a rubber band before being covered with sphagnum moss or on the sphagnum moss 1F11.

Next, the sphagnum moss-covered snow crab 1 is stored in a square-shaped box 4,
It is loaded into an insulating transport container 1, such as a foam molded container, a waterproof cardboard container, etc. In this case, at the bottom of the square-shaped box 4 stacked inside the container body 2 of the insulating transport container 1, there is a water-absorbing material 8 for absorbing seawater in which local water ice 6 has melted, for example.
A foamable resin sponge, a sea sponge, a polyacrylic acid-based water absorbing agent, etc. are stored, and the top part contains sea water ice (-15°C) 6 or turbid water ice 6 and a frozen gelling agent 9, and each of the other 1
In the middle part, a live snow crab wrapped in moist sphagnum moss is stored, and the lid is closed from the top with lI3.

If the insulating transport container 1 configured as described above is transported, the fish can be transported in a live state without replenishing seawater etc. even during long-distance transport, and the fish can be transported in a live state for more than 50 hours. . The method of the present invention can be applied to snow crabs of the Obilio species and Pardai species that live in low-temperature areas, as well as snow crabs, red king crabs, dunsiness crabs, mud crabs, and lobsters.
This method is suitable for transporting live crustaceans such as oysters and oysters.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

Example 1. Comparative Examples 1 to 3゜Ovilio species of snow crab was shipped from Dutch Harbor, Alaska, USA to East P! We conducted a test in which live fish were transported to the Nippon Suisan Co., Ltd. Central Research Institute in Oji City. As the transport container, a heat-insulating transport container 1 made of expanded polystyrene and having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was used.

This has an outer diameter I'f length and width of 40C1l, and a height of 7
0C11゜thickness 3.5CI, inside it there are 7 boxes 4 with an outer shape of 33cm in length and 9cm in height, and thickness ICI.
The boxes are stacked individually and a lid 3 can be formed on the top, and small holes 5 are uniformly arranged in a 2811I grid pattern at the bottom of the outer box 4.

The snow crabs used in the test were selected from among those caught and healthy, placed in a 40-liter aquarium, and kept for 5 hours while constantly pumping seawater through a hose. In addition, sea water sake is +5
℃ was used.

The method of putting this snow crab in the outer box 4 is to hold the joints in a bent shape and wrap it with commercially available sphagnum moss moistened with seawater.
Two of these were placed in each outer box 4.

In addition, the box 4 with the outer shape of III inside the insulating transport container 1
At the bottom of the box is a dry sponge, in the middle of the six outer-shaped boxes 4 are snow crabs covered with sphagnum moss 1, and at the top are seawater wood (-15℃) 6 and rapid melting of seawater ice 6. In order to avoid
A freezing gelling agent (trade name: 1 Aqua υJ, manufactured by Eslen Kako Co., Ltd. for use at 15° C.) 9 was placed as a cooling agent, and Step II3 was carried out. In addition to the sphagnum moss-covered snow crab 1, a product manufactured by Kaisai Co., Ltd. was used as an oxygen generating agent 10 in order to check the effectiveness of oxygen. Name 1
I put in Aqua 8J.

The insulating transport container 1 constructed as described above was transported by car to Dutch-Barr Airport, from there to Anchorage Airport, where it was stored for one day due to flight constraints, and then transported by international flight from Anchorage Airport to Narita Airport. I took it to the airport. After about three hours passing through customs and other procedures, the cargo was transported to Hachioji via the Tokyo metropolitan area in a +5°C temperature-controlled refrigerated vehicle. The required &V interval during that time was approximately 40R@. These conditions and results are shown in Table 2, Test Section 4.

For comparison, the outer diameter is length 55C1, width 3 red 1 height 168
Using a styrofoam resin container with a thickness of 2.2 CI,
Except for changing the cold W agent, packaging material, filler, etc. as shown in Table 2, the test sample snow crab and transportation method were the same as in the example.

The trial jllkl is similar to the method currently used for blue crabs, brown crabs, kurumae, etc. The coolant is seawater ice 6, the crab wrapping material is a sponge sheet moistened with seawater, and the filling material is dried sawdust. I used

Test &2 was a compromise method between test rods 1 and &2, the coolant was -5℃ product name "Aqua υ", the crab packaging material was a sponge sheet moistened with seawater, and the filling material was Styrofoam AT.
I used the IIi agent ``Aspek''.

Test h3 is the method currently being carried out at Dunsiness Club and Mud Club.
The crab was wrapped in newspaper soaked in water, and the filling material was a styrofoam noodle-like package named ``Aspek''.

In the transport test results shown in Table 2, the quality of the crabs upon arrival was classified into four grades from A to 0 depending on their survival status. In this classification, ^ is aCtiVe energetic, B is ba
``rely'' indicates something that is barely alive, ``C'' indicates something whose external jaw leg has fallen forward and does not return to its original position, and ``death'' indicates something whose mouth is dead.

The extragnathic legs of C are a pair of sickle-shaped organs attached to the front of the crab's mouth that are used to grab food and put it into the crab's mouth when it eats.

In the test results in Table 2, the method of test &1 is
Although the results were better than 111112 and Kan 3,
A's act+ve is all (not seen. Test N
t2 and &3 are clearly not available for transporting live snow crabs, and in the comparative example method of Test &1.2.3, the state of D death was clearly observed (looking at the sponge sheet wrapping the crab). Also, the newspaper was dry, indicating that snow crabs are sensitive to dryness.

Next, in test &4 using the container shown in Figure 1 of the actual example, 10 fish from the 2nd to 6th tiers of the outer box 4 covered with sphagnum moss moistened with turbid water were taken up and placed in a +5°C seawater tank. Until now, it was tame, but after I put it in the seawater tank, it became more energetic, and when I put my hand in the seawater tank, it started attacking with scissors.

Incidentally, all of the samples A to D tested were in good condition with no blackening.

Furthermore, as a result of rearing the crabs in a turbid water tank with aeration, they continued to live for one month. Furthermore, when the sphagnum moss was sent to a research institute in Kyushu using the method described above, it was able to be re-transported in good condition. In addition, Comparative Example Test 1
Of the B and C stages 1 to 3, none were alive within 3 days after being placed in a seawater tank at +5°C.

From the above results, it was found that the sphagnum moss method using the container of the actual example was the most excellent.

Next, the value and pH1VBN of the crab meat properties were measured. In addition, for comparison, Table 3 shows the measurement results of fresh snow crabs air-freighted from Dutch Harbor, Alaska, USA, which were carried out at the same time.

Live snow crabs have a value of 0, and those that died the next day also have a value of 1.
These values were as low as 0% and were enough to be eaten as sashimi. The value of fresh snow crab is much lower than that of live snow crab. Among these, the difference between those who died the next day and those who died one day after reaching the low temperature of +5°C was 25%. When we compared the tastes of live, fresh, and frozen snow crabs, we found that live snow crabs are sweeter, have stronger muscles, have a good tji feel, and are more delicious when eaten raw or boiled. It was felt that the umami of the frozen crab was significantly lacking compared to the live and fresh crab.Inosinic acid has little to do with the umami flavor of crab, and VBN
There were no problems with the weight being 20 tags and 7100 g or less. In addition to this, Illllll strain tests revealed that the general population for both live and fresh fish was less than 300/g, and coliform bacteria, am, Narmonella, Staphylococcus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not detected.

<Effects of the Invention> As explained above, the present invention provides a method for transporting crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs in a live state after burying the crustaceans in a filling material such as sphagnum moss. It is characterized by maintaining and transporting at a temperature and moisture state suitable for crustaceans to inhabit,
Also, inside the container, there are multiple outer boxes with many small holes in the bottom arranged in a tiered #am! This is an insulating transport container arranged in L, and made of mat, with a cooling agent such as water at the top of the boxes stacked inside this container, and a filler such as sphagnum moss in the middle part. It is characterized by a buried crustacean, and a water-absorbing agent that absorbs water is stored at the bottom.

Therefore, the following effects are achieved.

The low-temperature melt water from the ice stored at the top of the square-shaped container with a small hole in the bottom drips from the bottom of the square-shaped container.
While keeping the sphagnum moss-covered crustacean in the middle moist,
It is kept at a low temperature, and because the sphagnum moss is used as a filler for the crustaceans and the shells are sealed, the water absorption capacity is high (there is no drying out of the crustaceans, and the shells are not dried out). In addition, the insulating transport container of the present invention has a large number of outer-shaped boxes with small holes at the bottom packed in a tiered state, and a square-shaped box at the top. The interior is configured to store ice in the container, water-absorbing material in the bottom square-shaped container, and crustaceans covered with sphagnum moss in the middle.
It is a compact container with a constant shape, heat insulation, and waterproof properties, and is suitable for transporting crustaceans in a live state for a long time.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a heat-insulating transport container used in carrying out the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view from above of a square-shaped container used as a shelf inside the container of FIG. 1. , Figure 3 (
a) and (bl are I! cross-sectional views of the base and main body of a conventional container, respectively, and Figure 4 is a graph of the habitat temperature of an example of a crustacean. Code 1: Insulated transport use Container 2... Container body 3... Lid 4...
...Outer box 5...Small hole 6...
... Seawater ice 1 ... Sphagnum moss-covered snow crab 8 ... Water absorbing material 9 ... Freezing gelling agent 10 ... Oxygen generating agent

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) When transporting shellfish such as shrimp and crabs in a live state, the crustaceans are buried in a filling material such as sphagnum moss, and then the shellfish is buried in a filling material suitable for crustaceans to live in. maintained at a suitable temperature and hydrated state,
A method for transporting live crustaceans, characterized by transporting them. 2) A heat-insulating transport container consisting of a plurality of box-shaped boxes with a large number of small holes in the bottom arranged in a stacked manner in a tiered manner and a lid closed. The top of the box contains a cooling agent such as ice, the middle part contains a crustacean buried in a filling material such as sphagnum moss, and the bottom part contains a water-absorbing agent that absorbs water. A container for transporting live crustaceans.