JPH012801A - Turning machine with automatic tool change - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to turning machines, and more particularly to automatic tool changing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In prior art turning machines, a workpiece is rotated about one axis to perform machining. Therefore, a turning machine consists of a frame, a spindle that is supported by the frame and rotates while holding the workpiece, and a tool rest that supports the tool rest and moves in a direction parallel to the axis of the spindle and in a direction that intersects with the axis of the spindle. A workpiece is cut by a cutting tool (hereinafter simply referred to as a tool) that is configured to include a slide and is attached to a tool post.

In such turning machines, it is common to perform multiple types of cutting on one type of workpiece, and a turret or comb-shaped tool rest is used to hold multiple tools. The turret is attached to the slide so that it can rotate around one axis, and multiple tools are attached at regular angular intervals, and by rotating the turret at regular angles, the necessary tools are sequentially applied to the machining process. .

In addition, a comb-shaped tool rest is made up of multiple tool rests lined up on a base, and the base is moved linearly by the movement of the slide, so that a predetermined tool can be used for machining. It has become.

However, each of these turrets and comb tooth drive has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the turret, the tool is automatically replaced when the tool becomes worn, so that the tool can be replaced quickly. However, when replacing the tool used for machining with another tool mounted on the turret, it takes time to index the tool by rotating the turret, which is a problem that hinders improvement in machining efficiency.

On the other hand, with a comb-tooth drive platform, it does not take much time to change the turret, and it is suitable for improving machining efficiency. However, there are also problems that hinder the automation of processing lines.

On the other hand, turning machines have been proposed that have the respective advantages of a turret and a comb-shaped tool base. A turret is provided on the slide, and a plurality of comb tooth-shaped drive stands are attached to the turret, one of which is used for machining.
When the tool wears out, the turret is rotated and the tool, including the comb tooth drive, is replaced.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In this way, the time required for changing tools can be reduced and tools can be changed quickly and automatically. Because of this, the weight of the slide increases and the load increases, which impedes high-speed and accurate movement, lowering machining accuracy and shortening the life of the slide.

Means for Solving the Problem In order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a turning machine including the frame, a main shaft, and a slide, in which the slide is provided with a turret holder, and the slide is supported by the frame. , a tool post holding device comprising a plurality of tool post holding portions, each tool post holding portion holding a comb-shaped tool post formed by a plurality of tool rests arranged on a base, and the tool post holding device; A transfer device is provided to transfer the comb tooth-shaped tool base to and from the slide.

Although it is desirable to use a turret as the tool post holding device, it is not limited to a turret, and any device that can hold a plurality of comb-shaped tool posts may be used.

In the turning machine configured as described above, the slide holds one comb-tooth-shaped tool post by the tool post holding section, and machining is performed using a tool held by the comb-tooth-shaped tool post. When the tool wears out, the comb-tooth type tool post is returned to the tool post holding device by the transfer device, and a new comb-tooth type tool post held by the tool post holding device is supplied to the slide. Ru.

Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the turning machine according to the present invention, only one comb-shaped tool drive is required to be held by the slide, which avoids an increase in weight, enables high-speed and accurate movement, and improves machining accuracy and It is possible to enjoy the effects of improved machining efficiency and automation of the machining line based on quick tool changes and tool changes without reducing the life of the slide.

In addition, in parallel with machining, it is possible to replace the comb-tooth-shaped tool post left in the tool post holding device with another type of comb-tooth-shaped tool post, and to replace worn tools. In addition, the time required for changing the tool post due to a change in the type of workpiece can be shortened.

Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are views showing the appearance of a turning machine which is an embodiment of the present invention, and in the figures, 10 is a frame. The frame 10 includes a headstock 12, and a main shaft (not shown) is rotatably supported on the headstock 12. A chuck 14 for holding a workpiece is attached to one end of the main shaft, while a pulley 16 is fixed to the other end. The main shaft is rotated by winding the belt 22 around the main shaft 20,
A workpiece held by the chuck 14 is rotated.

Further, a Z-axis slide 26 that moves in the Z-axis direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft is attached to the frame IO. The slide 26 is screwed into a threaded shaft 28 at a thread provided therein, and this threaded shaft 28 is connected to the motor 30.
By being rotated by the frame 10, the frame 10 is moved along a pair of guide rails 34 provided on the frame IO. An X-axis slide 36 is mounted on the Z-axis slide 26 and moves in the vertical direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. The X-axis slide 36 is rotated by a motor 40 to a screw shaft 38 (see FIG. 5) screwed into a fixed nut inside the X-axis slide 36, so that the X-axis slide 36 is rotated by a pair of guide rails 42 provided on the Z-axis slide 26. You will be guided and moved.

A tool post holding turret 46, which is a tool post holding device, is attached to the frame 10 on the opposite side from the head stock 12 with the slide 26, 36 in between. As shown in FIG. 2, the turret 46 is equipped with a plurality of comb tooth-shaped tool bases 48, one of which is transferred between the turret 46 and the X-axis slide 36 by a transfer device 50. Ru. These turrets46. The X-axis slide 36 has a tool post holding portion 5 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, respectively.
2.54 are provided, and the comb tooth-shaped blade drive base 48 is held by these holding portions 52.54. Below, the tool post holding turret 46. Comb tooth shaped tool rest 48. Transfer device 50. The tool rest holding parts 52 and 54 will be explained.

The comb tooth-shaped tool rest 48 is made up of a plurality of (two in this embodiment) tool rests 58 arranged on a base 56, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. The base 56 has a longitudinal shape,
The two tool rests 58 are positioned by keys 60 (see FIG. 5) at positions separated from each other in the longitudinal direction of one surface of the base 56, and are fixed by bolts 62.

Tools 59 are attached to these tool rests 58.

Moreover, this comb tooth-shaped tool base 4°8 is used for machining with its longitudinal direction facing up and down, and a T-shaped engagement protrusion 64 is provided at the upper end when machining the base 56. is provided, while an engaging protrusion 66 that engages with the dovetail groove is provided at the lower end.
is provided. The engaging protrusion 64 is further provided with a V-groove 67 that opens on the upper surface.

Furthermore, an engagement groove 68 extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is provided in the upper part of the back surface of the base 56 on the side opposite to the side to which the tool rest 58 is attached. The engagement groove 68 is a dovetail groove whose upper side surface slopes upward as it moves away from the back surface. As shown in FIG. 5, the back surface of the base 56 is also formed with a T-groove 70 and a square groove 72 that extend in the longitudinal direction and are open to the back and lower surfaces of the base 56.

The tool post holding turret 46 has a regular hexahedral shape as shown in FIG.
It is designed to be rotated intermittently by 60 degrees. The turret 46 has a hollow container shape, and the outer surface of its peripheral wall 74, which is divided into six sections, can be moved to six different positions by the rotation of the turret 46. The position where the tool post extends and is located on the same plane as the tool post mounting surface of the X-axis slide 36, which will be described later, is the tool post supply position.

Each outer surface of the peripheral wall 74 has a shape corresponding to the engagement groove 68 provided in the base 56, and the engagement groove 68
An engaging protrusion 76 is attached via a plate 77, and a holding member 78 passes through the peripheral wall 74 and is fitted so as to be slidable in a direction perpendicular to the rotation center line of the talent but not rotatable. . The holding member 78 has a stepped shape,
Fitted into a stepped guide member 80 fixed to the peripheral wall 74,
Rotation relative to the guide member 80 is prevented by the key 81.

Further, the end portion of the holding member 78 that protrudes outward from the peripheral wall 74 is a large diameter portion 82, and the large diameter portion 82 has a large diameter portion 82 that is open toward the retaining protrusion 76 and provided on the base 56. It has a shape corresponding to the engagement protrusion 66, and the engagement protrusion 66
An engagement groove 84 is provided in which the engagement groove 84 is fitted, leaving a slight gap. This holding member 78 is held inside the talent by a compression coil spring 88 disposed between a flange portion 86 provided at the end opposite to the side where the large diameter portion 82 is provided and the guide member 80. It is biased in the direction of movement. This bias is regulated by the large diameter portion 82 coming into contact with a shoulder surface 90 provided on the guide member 80, and the holding member 78 has a portion of the large diameter portion 82 where the engagement groove 84 is provided on the guide member 80. It is maintained in a state that stands out from the outside.

Furthermore, an extrusion rod 94 that is moved in the axial direction by a cylinder 92 is disposed inside the turret 46 . The extrusion rod 94 is the piston rod 9 of the cylinder 92
6, and is provided at a position concentric with a holding member 78 attached to a portion of the peripheral wall 74 positioned at the tool post supply position. And piston rod 9
6 is extended and the pushing rod 94 pushes the holding member 78, so that the holding member 78 is moved in a direction to project from the turret 46 against the biasing force of the spring 88. The holding member 78 is moved to a position where the engaging protrusion 66 of the base 56 can just engage with the engaging groove 84, and this position is defined as a protruding position. Furthermore, when the bending rod 94 is moved away from the holding member 78, the holding member 78 is drawn into the turret 46 by the spring 88.

When the holding member 78 is in the protruding position, the comb-tooth-shaped blade drive base 48 has the engaging protrusion 66 and the engaging groove 68, respectively, in the holding member 78.
engagement groove 84. When the holding member 78 is engaged with the engagement protrusion 76 and is drawn into the turret 46 in this state, the protrusion 66, the groove 68, and the groove 84. The protrusion 76 is engaged and fixed to the turret 46 in a precisely positioned state. Engaging protrusion 76, holding member 78. The compression coil spring 88 and the like constitute the tool post holding portion 52, and although not shown, a similar tool post holding portion 52 is provided in each of the six divided portions of the peripheral wall 74, and the turret holding portion 52 has a comb tooth shape. A blade moving base 48 is fixed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the transfer device 50 has a cylinder 1
00 is provided with a carriage 102 that is moved in a direction parallel to the spindle axis. The frame 10 is provided with a beam member 104 extending in a direction parallel to the main shaft axis, and the beam member 104 is provided with a linear guide 106 and a guide groove 108 extending in the above direction, as shown in FIG. It is provided across the turret 46 and the X-axis slide 36. The carriage 102 also includes a driven part 110 connected to the cylinder 100 and a tool post holding part 112 provided below the driven part 110. Matching groove 114.
At the guide roller 116, the linear guide 106.
They are respectively engaged with the guide grooves 10B. Thereby, when the carriage 102 is driven by the cylinder 100, the comb-shaped blade carriage 48 is moved between the X-axis slide 36 and the carriage 102.
and a turret-side transfer position where the comb-shaped blade drive base 48 is transferred between the turret 46 and the turret 46. Note that these two delivery positions are each defined by a stopper (not shown).

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the tool post holding portion 112 has a T-shaped portion extending in a direction parallel to the X-axis direction at its lower end.
A groove 120 is provided, and a piston 122 is fitted inside the groove 120 in a liquid-tight manner and slidable in the vertical direction. Piston rods 124 and 126 extend from both upper and lower end surfaces of the piston 122, respectively, and the lower end of the lower piston rod 126 is an engaging portion 128 having an inclined surface that engages with the V groove 67. ing.

In the comb-tooth-shaped drive base 48, the piston rod 126 is connected to the holding part 1.
12, the engaging protrusion 64 is in the T-slot 120.
be fitted to the The carriage 102 transfers the tool rest 48 to and from the X-axis slide 36 when the X-axis slide 36 is at its highest raised end position. It is provided at a height that allows it to fit into the engagement protrusion 64 of the tool rest 4B held by the slide 36. and,
From the state where these are fitted, the piston rod 126 is lowered, the retaining portion 12B is engaged with the V-groove 67, and the large diameter portion of the protrusion 64 is pressed against the shoulder surface of the T-groove 120. The comb tooth-shaped blade drive base 48 is held by the carriage 102 in a state where it is positioned in the thickness direction.

The turret holding portion 54 provided on the X-axis slide 36 is
As shown in the figure. The tool rest holding section 54 includes a block-shaped main body 134 fixed to the X-axis slide 36, and this main body 1
The surface of the turret 46 opposite to the side fixed to the X-axis slide 36 is parallel to the plane including the and a surface including the surface of the guide member 80). The turret mounting surface 136 has the base 56 extending in the vertical direction.
A triangular engagement protrusion 138 is provided in which the V groove 72 provided in the main body 134 is fitted.
40 is slidably fitted in a direction perpendicular to the mounting surface 136 in a liquid-tight manner.

This piston 140 has a large diameter retaining portion 142,
A T-shaped rod 144 that fits into the T-groove 70 of the base 56 is fixed. The retaining portion 142 projects from the mounting surface 136 and is moved toward and away from the mounting surface 136 as the piston 140 moves.

In the comb-shaped blade drive base 48, the grooves 70, 72 of the base 56 are aligned with the protrusions 138. When the rod 144 is fitted into the main body 134 and the rod 144 is pulled into the main body 134, the engaging portion 142 engages with the shoulder surface of the T-slot 70, and the X-axis slide 36
It will be fixed at

In the turning machine configured as described above, machining is performed by the comb-shaped tool rest 48 fixed to the X-axis slide 36 by the tool rest holder 54.

At this time, the carriage 102 has been moved to a retracted position between the X-axis slide 36 and the turret 46, and the turret 46 has a comb-shaped shape that is used for machining among the outer surfaces divided into six parts. The surface to which the blade drive rest 48 is attached is located at the tool rest supply position. Tool rest 48
The empty surface to which no is attached is at the tool post supply position, and the holding member 78 provided on that surface is at the protruding position. Hereinafter, tool replacement when the tool is worn out will be explained.

When exchanging tools, the X-axis slide 36 is first moved to the upper end position. Next, the carriage 102 is moved to the slide side delivery position, so that the engagement protrusion 64
is fitted into the T-slot 120.

In this state, the piston 140 is moved, and after the comb-shaped tool post 48 is released from being held by the tool post holding part 54, the piston rod 126 of the carriage 102 is lowered, and the engaging part 128 is placed in the V groove 67. When engaged, the comb-shaped tool carriage 48 is held on the carriage 102 . Then, by lowering the X-axis slide 36, the engaging protrusion 138° rod 144 moves into the groove 72. It is removed from the Tl 70, and the tool rest 48 becomes movable.

Subsequently, the carriage 102 is moved toward the turret-side delivery position. At this time, since the tool post mounting surface 136 and the tool post mounting surface on the outer periphery of the turret 46 are on the same plane, the comb-shaped tool post 48 does not interfere with the turret 46, and the engagement protrusion 66° The engagement groove 68 is the engagement groove 84. It is fitted into the engagement protrusion 76 . In this state, the carriage 10
When the second piston rod 126 is pulled into the holding part 112, the holding of the tool rest 48 by the carriage 102 is released, and then the extrusion rod 94 is moved in a direction away from the holding member 78, so that the holding member 78 is removed. is drawn into the turret 46 under the urging force of the spring 88, and the comb-shaped blade drive base 48 is held in the turret 46.

Subsequently, after the carriage 102 is moved to the retracted position, the turret 46 is rotated 60 degrees, and the comb tooth-shaped tool carriage 48 to be used next is moved to the tool post supply position. Then, the carriage 102 is moved to the turret-side delivery position, and the T-slot 120 is fitted into the engagement protrusion 64 of the new comb-shaped blade drive base 48, and then the push rod 94 is moved toward the holding member 78. Then, the piston rod 126 of the carriage 102 is lowered, the engaging portion 128 is engaged with the V-groove 67, and the tool rest 48 is released from the holding member 78. 102.

The carriage t02 holding the tool rest 48 is moved to the slide side delivery position, but at this time the X-axis slide 36 is in the lowered position, the carriage 102 reaches the delivery position, and the tool rest 48 is held by the carriage 102. After being released, the protrusion 138. is raised.
The rod 144 is in the groove 72. The tool rests 48 are fitted into the T grooves 70 and positioned in the Z-axis direction. In this state, the rod 144 is pulled into the main body 134, thereby fixing the comb tooth-shaped tool base 48 to the X-axis slide 36. Thereafter, the carriage 102 is moved to the retracted position and machining is started.

In this way, in the turning machine of this embodiment, machining is performed by the tool 59 held on the comb-shaped tool rest 48, but since only one tool rest 48 is mounted on the X-axis slide 36. , the load applied to the slide 36 is small, the slide 26.36 can be moved quickly and accurately, and the effect of improving processing accuracy and the life of the slide 26.36 can be obtained.

Furthermore, in the turning machine of this embodiment, the surface of the turret 46 on which the tool rest 48 is attached and the tool rest mounting surface 136 of the tool rest holding section 54 provided on the X-axis slide 36 are located in the same plane. Carriage 1
02 between the turret 46 and the X-axis slide 38 in a straight line parallel to the spindle axis, the tool rest 48 can be transferred, so the time required for replacement can be shortened.

Furthermore, since the turret 46 is rotatable around an axis parallel to the spindle axis, the horizontal installation space is small, and the turning machine can be configured compactly.

However, the turret 46 can also be rotated about a vertical axis. In this case, the tool rest 48 is attached to the outer surface of the turret divided into a plurality of parts on the side surface of the base 56, and among the plurality of positions where each of the outer surfaces is located, the outer surface is perpendicular to the spindle axis and the X-axis The position close to the slide 36 will be defined as the turret supply position.

Further, the turret is not limited to an axis parallel to the spindle axis or a vertical axis, but may be provided to rotate around other axes depending on the design of the turning machine. It is not limited to the one that reciprocates in a straight line between and the X-axis slide, and may be set as appropriate.

Furthermore, although the turret 46 is a regular hexahedron in the above embodiment, it may be any other regular polyhedron or polyhedron.

Further, the tool post holding device is not limited to a turret, and any device that is equipped with a plurality of tool post holding parts and capable of holding a plurality of comb-shaped tool posts can be employed.

Furthermore, the tool post holding portion may include a petal-shaped engagement member. An engagement recess shaped like the petal-shaped member is provided in the base of the comb-shaped blade drive base, and after the two are fitted with their phases matching, the petal-shaped member is rotated by a certain angle and moved. and engage the base.

Although not illustrated in detail, the present invention can be implemented in various modifications and improvements based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the external appearance of a turning machine which is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view. FIG. 3 is a front view (partial view) showing the tool post holding turret of the turning machine. Figure 4 is a front view (partially) showing the transfer device of the turning machine, and Figure 5 is a plan view (partially) showing the turret holder provided on the X-axis slide. be. lOz frame 12: Headstock 26: Z-axis slide 36: X-axis slide 46: Turret holding turret 48: Comb-shaped tool rest 50: Transfer device 52.547 Tool rest holding section 56: Base 58: Tool rest

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A frame, a main shaft supported by the frame, which rotates while holding a workpiece, and a tool rest holding part, the main shaft extending in a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft and in a direction intersecting the main shaft axis. a moving slide; supported by the frame; and a plurality of turret holding parts;
A turret holder holding a comb-shaped turret formed by a plurality of turrets arranged on a base by each turret holder, and a comb-shaped turret between the turret holder and the slide. A turning machine capable of automatic tool exchange, characterized in that it is equipped with a transfer device for transferring.