JPH0125778B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating eggplant. [Prior art] It is known that ultraviolet rays of a specific wavelength play an important role in obtaining eggplants with excellent fruit color in eggplant cultivation. No. ``Film for Eggplant Cultivation'' has been proposed. Furthermore, based on plant physiology, the optimal light quality for each growth stage differs for each stage. Generally, under conditions where ultraviolet irradiation is suppressed, plant growth becomes more active. On the other hand, the formation of the pigment "anthocyanin blue" in eggplant fruits requires irradiation with ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength. However, in eggplant cultivation, it has not been done to replace films with different ultraviolet transmittances depending on the growth stage for the early and late stages due to economic reasons and the exposure of the crops to cold air during replacement. [Problems to be solved by the invention] In eggplant cultivation, when a film with low UV transmittance is used, the coloring of the fruit tends to become pale, while when a film with high UV transmittance is used, initial growth is slightly slowed, and anti-fog However, the deterioration of fog resistance was somewhat rapid. [Means for Solving the Problem] The present inventor has discovered that a specific β-diketone compound has an absorption characteristic of at least an ultraviolet band with a wavelength of 290 to 380 nm, and that it gradually and relatively quickly absorbs UV light when exposed to sunlight. The present invention has been completed by discovering that the film has the property that the ultraviolet absorption property disappears during the process, and that a film using the compound in the composition ratio of the present invention has excellent properties when used for eggplant cultivation. It is. That is, for 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin, 30 to 55 parts by weight of phthalate plasticizer, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of phosphate plasticizer, higher fatty acids of polyhydric alcohol (saturated 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of an ester nonionic surfactant (with a fatty acid content of 70 to 100% by weight), a fluorine surfactant,
and/or 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of a silicone surfactant, which has absorption properties in the ultraviolet band of at least a wavelength of 290 to 380 nm, and has properties that improve the transmittance of light in the ultraviolet band when exposed to sunlight. β with
- Contains 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of a diketone compound, 500
Sunlight dose below MJ/ ^m2 (south facing, 45° inclination angle)
An eggplant cultivation method characterized by cultivating eggplants under a film that has a property of increasing the transmittance of ultraviolet rays at a wavelength of 350 nm to 70% or more when subjected to UV rays, and phthalate per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin. 30 to 55 parts by weight of acid ester plasticizer, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of phosphate ester plasticizer, higher fatty acid of polyhydric alcohol (70 to 100% by weight of saturated fatty acid with 16 to 18 carbon atoms), ester non- Ionic surfactant 0.5~
5 parts by weight, 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of a fluorine-based surfactant and/or a silicone-based surfactant, having absorption characteristics in the ultraviolet band of at least a wavelength of 290 to 380 nm,
Contains 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of a β-diketone compound that has the property of improving light transmission in the ultraviolet band when exposed to sunlight, and has a solar radiation dose of 500 MJ/ ^m2 or less (south facing, sloped). A film with an acrylic resin coating or an ultraviolet curing urethane acrylate resin coating formed on one side of the film has the property of increasing the transmittance of ultraviolet rays at a wavelength of 350 nm to 70% or more when exposed to an acrylic resin coating (at an angle of 45°). Alternatively, there is an eggplant cultivation method characterized in that eggplants are grown under the coating of the ultraviolet-curable urethane acrylate resin film so that the surface on which the film is formed faces outward. In the present invention, vinyl chloride resin refers to vinyl chloride homopolymer resin, vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate,
Examples include ethylene, propylene, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, methacrylic acid, copolymer resins with methacrylic esters, and mixtures thereof. The vinyl chloride resin may have an average degree of polymerization of 800 to 4,500. The film according to the present invention contains 30 to 55 parts by weight of a phthalate ester plasticizer and a phosphate ester plasticizer.
0.1 to 10 parts by weight is blended. The phthalate ester plasticizer is used in an amount of 30 to 55 parts by weight in order to ensure the flexibility of the coating material at low temperatures and to suppress blocking at high temperatures. In addition, the plasticizer has the role of substantially blocking the transmission of far ultraviolet rays of 290 nm or less, which are harmful wavelengths. The phosphate ester plasticizer has the effect of imparting weather resistance under ultraviolet rays, and is used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight. Outside this range, the purpose of imparting weather resistance cannot be achieved and it is unsuitable. As a phthalate ester plasticizer, G-2
-Ethylhexyl phthalate, di-nonyl phthalate, di-decyl phthalate, di-dodecyl phthalate, di-undecyl phthalate, di-tridecyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate,
Examples include butylbenzyl phthalate. Phosphate ester plasticizers include tricresyl phosphate, tricylenyl phosphate,
Monoxylenyl dicresyl phosphate, dixylenyl phosphate, dicresyl ethylphenol phosphate, cresyl diethyl phenol phosphate, dixylenyl ethyl phenol phosphate, xylenyl diethylphenyl phosphate, triethylphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl Examples include phosphate, dicresyl phenyl phosphate, xylenyl diphenyl phosphate, dixylenyl phenyl phosphate, and the like. In particular, it is preferable to use the first four types alone or in combination. The higher fatty acid ester nonionic surfactant of polyhydric alcohol is used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight. If it is less than 0.5 parts by weight, the antifogging properties will be insufficient and a film with the desired effect will not be obtained. If more than 5 parts by weight is used, the desired effect will not change, and weather resistance will deteriorate and bloom will increase, making it unsuitable. Sorbitol-based and/or mannitol-based alcohols or alcohols from which 1 to 2 molecules of water have been removed as polyhydric alcohols, and products containing 70 to 100% by weight of saturated fatty acids with 16 to 18 carbon atoms as higher fatty acids. These are partial ester compounds obtained by esterification reaction using each of them alone or in combination.
It is also possible to use ethylene oxide or an adduct of 5 moles or less of propylene oxide of this compound. Higher fatty acids containing less than 70% saturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms are unsuitable. A large amount of saturated fatty acids having carbon atoms of 14 or less is not suitable because the antifogging durability deteriorates and the film becomes sticky. If there is a large amount of saturated fatty acids having carbon atoms of 20 or more, the antifogging property under low temperature conditions will deteriorate, making it unsuitable. A large amount of unsaturated fatty acids is unsuitable in terms of weather resistance. The fluorine-based surfactant and/or silicone-based surfactant quickly forms a uniform running water film with dew condensation, speeds up transparency, and suppresses fog formation in the greenhouse, preventing water droplets from adhering to the fruit. It is necessary to achieve the object of the present invention because it improves the commercial value by improving surface gloss, improves the irradiation of light rays to plants by suppressing fog, and suppresses the occurrence of diseases caused by high humidity. The fluorine-based surfactant and silicone-based surfactant used are JP-A-59-217740, JP-A-57-12070,
JP-A-59-80468, JP-A-59-93739, JP-A-59-
217739, JP-A-61-133244, etc. are used. The amount used ranges from 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.01 part by weight, no effect will be obtained;
Even if it is used in an amount exceeding 1.0 parts by weight, the weather resistance will be poor and it is not suitable. The amount used should be selected appropriately depending on the type and effect. β-- which has absorption characteristics at least in the ultraviolet band with a wavelength of 290 to 380 nm, and has the characteristic that the absorption ability of light in the ultraviolet band decreases when exposed to sunlight.
Diketone compounds include dibenzoylmethane,
Methoxybenzoyl, benzoylmethane, chlorobenzoyl, benzoylmethane, palmitylbenzoylmethane, etc. can be used. In particular, dibenzoylmethane is suitable in terms of ultraviolet absorption, film processability, and economy. Furthermore, the addition of the β-diketone compound used in the present invention has the effect of improving the durability of the antifogging and antifogging properties of the coating material. Among β-diketone compounds, dibenzoylmethane is particularly effective. The reason why the durability of the anti-fog and anti-fog properties is improved is not clear, but it is thought to be due to the suppression of deterioration of the surfactant in the film due to ultraviolet rays in sunlight. β-diketone used in the present invention is 0.01 to 1.0
Use within parts by weight. The amount to be used is selected according to the type of compound, the thickness of the film, the initial ultraviolet transmittance of the film, the area where the film is used, and the transmittance at a wavelength of 350 nm is 70% or more at a solar radiation dose of 500 MJ/m ² or less. If the amount is less than the lower limit, no effect can be obtained, and if it is more than the upper limit, it is economically disadvantageous. The UV transmittance of the film changes at a solar radiation dose of 500
MJ/ ^m2 or less (south facing, 45° inclination angle), wavelength
It has a characteristic of reaching 70% or more in transmittance at 350 nm. Anything that changes more than 500MJ/ ^m2 is unsuitable because it reduces the length of the plant, the number of leaves, the number of nodes, and poor fruit color. The initial UV transmittance of the film depends on the wavelength.
350nm of 20% or more is preferable in terms of increasing plant height and suppressing decrease in number of nodes. The acrylic resin coating formed on one side of the film is a homopolymer of (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer compounds, a copolymer of two or more of these monomers, or a main component of these monomer compounds. Examples include resin coatings of copolymers of these and other copolymerizable monomers. Examples of acrylic acid esters include C ₁ -C ₂₂ alkyl esters of acrylic acid such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, 1-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and 1-butyl acrylate; As acrylic esters, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n
-Propyl methacrylate, 1-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, 1
_-C1 to _C22 alkyl esters of methacrylic acid such as butyl methacrylate. Other compounds that can be copolymerized with these compounds include α,β-unsaturated fatty acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, hydroxymethyl ester, hydroxyethyl ester of acrylic acid,
Examples include hydroxypropyl ester, hydroxybutyl ester, hydroxypentyl ester and hydroxyhexyl ester, and hydroxymethyl ester, hydroxyethyl ester, hydroxypropyl ester, hydroxypentyl ester and hydroxyhexyl ester of methacrylic acid. Further, the hydroxy-containing acrylic resin can also be crosslinked using an isocyanate compound. UV curing urethane formed on one side of the film.
In addition to being a urethane acrylate resin with a polymer molecular weight/number of polymerizable double bonds in the polymer of 1000 to 5000, the acrylate resin coating can also contain a polymerizable monomer; It can contain viscosity modifiers, antifoaming agents, photosensitizers, etc. The polymerizable urethane acrylate resin used in the present invention is a polyether polyol and/or a polyester polyol, or a polyurethane polyol obtained by reacting a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, etc. with a polyisocyanate. It is obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound and an ethylenically unsaturated compound having active hydrogen. Polyether polyols are obtained by reacting alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide with polyols such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,2-propylene glycol. Polyester polyols are obtained by reacting polyols, glycidyl ether compounds, and polybasic acids. As the polyfunctional isocyanate compound, di- or triisocyanates are suitable.
Ethylenically unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen include hydroxy group-containing compounds, amino group-containing compounds, reaction products of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and monoepoxy compounds, glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate and monocarboxylic acid-containing compounds, or Examples include reaction products of secondary monoamine compounds. When the agricultural soft vinyl chloride resin film of the present invention is spread in a greenhouse, it is used so that the surface of the film coated with an acrylic resin coating or an ultraviolet curable urethane acrylate resin coating is on the outside. Other additives include Ba.Ca.Zn.Sn.Cd heat stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, phosphite chelating agents, hindered amine stabilizers, antioxidants, fillers, coloring agents, and processability. The improving acrylic acid resin, epoxy group-containing thermal stabilization aid, antistatic agent, other surfactant, far-infrared absorbing compound, deodorant, etc. can be used within the range that can ensure performance. [Example] The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples. Note that the present invention is not limited to the examples. Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 3-9 The compositions shown in Table 1 were rolled using heated rolls and formed into films. The film thickness was 0.2 mm for Comparative Example 6 and 0.1 mm for the other eight types.

【table】

[Table] Film evaluation method (A) Change characteristics of ultraviolet transmittance of film Measured using a spectral light transmittance meter. Table 1 shows the ultraviolet transmittance (unit: %) at a wavelength of 350 nm. Each film was spread out in a test house facing south at an inclination angle of 45°, and the films were sampled over time and subjected to measurements. The film was measured after wiping off the dust adhering to the surface. The amount of sunlight was measured using a pyranometer (Model MS-42 manufactured by Hideko Seiki) installed on the south side at an inclination angle of 45°. Expansion date: February 10, 1961 200MJ/m ² Elapsed days: February 21st 400MJ/m ² ; March 12th 500MJ/m ² ; March 21st results are shown in Table 1 Ta. Example 1, Comparative Example 3,
Regarding No. 4, transmittance curves are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. (B) Drip resistance and fog resistance in winter The nine types of films shown in Table 1 were spread on nine north-south tunnel houses with a frontage of 1.2 m, a height of 90 cm, and a length of 2 m on February 13, 1961. At 13:00 on the 17th, the droplet condition was visually evaluated based on the following criteria. 〇: There are few flow lines and the droplet flow condition is good. △; There are more running streaks than those marked with ○. ×: Water droplet adhesion areas that do not form a droplet state are clearly observed, and the droplet state is poor. On February 17th, from 15:00 to 16:00, the fog generation state on the inner surface of the house film was visually evaluated based on the following criteria. ○; No fog generation observed. △: Slight occurrence of fog is observed. ×: A lot of fog was observed. The results are shown in Table 1. The following can be seen from Table 1. (b) The films of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention have ultraviolet absorption characteristics at the initial stage, and the films of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention have ultraviolet absorption characteristics at a solar radiation dose of 500M.
It has the ability to improve its ultraviolet transmittance at a wavelength of 350 nm to 70% or more over time under exposure to J/m ² or less, and has excellent winter droplet and fog-proof properties. (b) Comparative Examples 3, 7, 8, and 9, which do not have the compositions in the claims, do not exhibit ultraviolet absorption characteristics, and Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6 do not have the composition as claimed in the claims, and Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6 do not exhibit ultraviolet absorption characteristics at a solar radiation dose of 500 MJ/m ² or less. Ultraviolet transmittance at wavelength 350nm is 70
% or more, and Comparative Examples 4 and 9 are inferior in winter droplet properties and fog prevention properties. (C) Eggplant cultivation characteristics Anti-fog, anti-fog sustainability Test location: Ashikaga district, Tochigi Prefecture Variety: Kanai Kosei Sashin House: 3 east and west buildings with a frontage of 5.4 m, a height of 2 m, and a length of 7.2 m Covering method: 61 February 10, 2016 External covering of each building was changed to Example 1, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 listed in Table 1.
It was done on film. Planting: February 13, 1961, 100mm wide in each house
Two beds with a diameter of 1.5 cm were established, and each bed was planted in a staggered manner in 2 rows with a spacing of 60 cm. Heat retention conditions: no heating, a tunnel was provided inside the house in the bed and covered with the film of Comparative Example 3. At night, the tunnel was covered and kept warm using Silver Polyto and Lovesheet. Growth survey Yield survey: 10 target stocks located in almost the same location in each house (5 stocks for each bet)
We selected and investigated. Fruit color: The coloring state of the eggplant skin was visually evaluated. 〇 Black-purple × Red-purple Anti-fogging property; Droplet flow properties of the top film were visually evaluated at 10:00 in a closed, unventilated house. 〇 Few flow lines and good droplet condition. □ Water droplet adhesion area occurrence rate is in the range of 3 to 5%. △〃6～10%〃. ×〃11% or more〃. Fog resistance: 8 when the house is closed and not ventilated.
From 00:00 to 17:00, the fog generation condition inside the house was visually evaluated. 〇 No fog is observed. □ A slight amount of fog is observed. △ The amount of fog generated is between □ and ×. × A lot of fog is observed. The results are shown in Table 2. The following can be seen from Table 2. (B) In eggplant cultivation, the Example 1 film of the present invention was found to be more effective in the early stage (March) than the Comparative Example 3 film.
It can be seen that it has excellent growth on the 13th day), high yield until April 30th, and excellent anti-fogging and fog-proofing properties even after a few days. Using the film of Example 1, it is possible to obtain black-purple eggplants with high commercial value. (b) The film of Example 1 of the present invention is superior to the film of Comparative Example 4 in terms of yield, number of diseased fruit, and fruit color.

〔effect〕

According to the method of the present invention, eggplants can be cultivated under the coating of a film that has excellent long-lasting anti-fog and fog-proof properties, making it possible to fully utilize the light necessary for growth, suppressing the occurrence of pests and diseases, and making it possible to grow eggplants. Since an ultraviolet environment suitable for growth can be created under the same film, it has the advantage of producing eggplants with a large yield and excellent fruit color, and provides an extremely useful method for eggplant cultivation.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows Example 1 film in Table 1, Figure 2 shows Comparative Example 3 film in Table 1, and Figure 3 shows Comparative Example 4 in Table 1.
2 shows a temporal change curve of the spectral light transmittance of the film. In the figure, the initial stage is 200MJ/ ^m2 , and the
400MJ/ ^m2 aged product is 500MJ/ ^m2 aged product.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Based on 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin, 30 to 55 parts by weight of phthalate plasticizer, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of phosphate plasticizer, higher fatty acid of polyhydric alcohol (carbon number 70 to 16 to 18 saturated fatty acids
100% by weight) 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of an ester nonionic surfactant, a fluorine-based surfactant, and/or
or 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of a silicon-based surfactant, which has absorption characteristics at least in the ultraviolet band with a wavelength of 290 to 380 nm, and has characteristics that improve the transmittance of light in the ultraviolet band when exposed to sunlight. Contains 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of β-diketone compound, 500MJ/m ²
Eggplant cultivation characterized by cultivating eggplants under a film covering that has the property of increasing the UV transmittance at a wavelength of 350 nm to 70% or more when receiving the following amount of sunlight (south facing, tilt angle: 45°) Method. 2. The eggplant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the β-diketone compound is dibenzoylmethane. 3 For 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin, 30 to 55 parts by weight of phthalate plasticizer, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of phosphate plasticizer, higher fatty acids of polyhydric alcohols (saturated fatty acids with 16 to 18 carbon atoms) is 70～
100% by weight) 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of an ester nonionic surfactant, a fluorine-based surfactant, and/or
or 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of a silicon-based surfactant, which has absorption characteristics at least in the ultraviolet band with a wavelength of 290 to 380 nm, and has characteristics that improve the transmittance of light in the ultraviolet band when exposed to sunlight. Contains 0.01 to 1.0 parts by weight of β-diketone compound, 500MJ/m ²
An acrylic resin coating or an ultraviolet-curing urethane acrylate resin coating is formed on one side of the film, which has the property of increasing the UV transmittance at a wavelength of 350 nm to 70% or more when exposed to the following amount of sunlight (south facing, tilt angle: 45°) 1. A method for cultivating eggplants, which comprises cultivating eggplants under the coating of the film so that the side on which the acrylic resin coating or ultraviolet-curable urethane acrylate resin coating is formed faces outward.