JPH01253329A - Communication method and system for moving object - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize the communication with a moving object with no hit by switching a channel to another one for communication with another radio base station which satisfies the fixed communication quality in case a channel having the communication quality less than a fixed level while the same communication contents are transferred via plural channels. CONSTITUTION:When a mobile radio equipment moves to a radio base station 30-n from another radio base station 30-1, the speech quality is deteriorated between the ratio equipment and the station 30-1. Then an S/N monitor part 56 of a 1st type switchboard 20-I detects said deterioration and compares the information on the C/N values, etc., received from the stations 30-n, etc., with each other and decides the approach to the periphery of the talking zone of the station 30-n to perform the switch of channels. A switching transmission/ reception period when the channels CH1 and CH2-CHn are transmitted/received in parallel with each other lasts until the confirmation of the channel CHn and until the switchboard 20-I confirmed that the quality of the CHn is higher than a fixed level L2. Hereafter the channel CH1 is opened for continuation of the communication with no hit.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a communication method and system for mobile communication. Furthermore, in mobile communications using a small zone configuration,
The present invention relates to a communication method and system that satisfies the communication quality when the communication quality deteriorates due to movement of a mobile terminal during communication.

More specifically, the aim is to provide a communication method and system with excellent frequency efficiency, communication quality, wireless line control ability, etc.

[Prior art] Generally, when performing mobile communication within a wide service area, one wireless base station covers the entire area and provides services.
The method for communicating with mobile objects within an area is called the large zone method. In contrast, the small zone method
An area is divided into multiple small areas, one wireless base station is installed in each divided area, and mobile wireless devices within each area communicate with these wireless base stations. It is necessary.

The conventional small zone system is employed, for example, in the car phone system of NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone @J), which is currently in commercial service. In this case, the mobile radio installed in the car moves away from the wireless base station of the other party as the car moves, and for example, if it becomes more than 5 to 7 touches from the wireless base station, the received electric field value of the radio wave decreases. Therefore, deterioration of call quality occurs. Therefore, in a small zone configuration, wireless base stations are installed at a distance of 10 to 128 meters from each other within the service area, and therefore in the above case there is always another wireless base station near (within 5 to 6 touch points) the current location of the vehicle. ;! A base station is present and a separate radio channel is used to continue the call between the new radio base station and the mobile radio.

In the NTT system, a radio line control station that controls the setting and cancellation of calls on a radio line is connected to a large number of radio base stations and mobile stations. It is installed to control IQ machines, and the radio line control station is connected to the general telephone network via a barrier switch that serves as an interface. When the communication quality deteriorates, the radio network control station causes multiple radio base stations around the mobile radio to receive the mobile radio's transmitted radio waves, and sends the mobile radio to a specific radio base station. When it is determined that the desired communication quality can be maintained by setting a new radio channel between the mobile radio and the radio base station, the setting of the new channel is performed between the mobile radio and the radio base station.

Figure 9 shows a conventional system (
14 conceptual diagrams are shown and will be explained using this.

In FIG. 9, each zone 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D surrounded by four circles with a radius of about 5 to 7 touch points is the service area of the car phone, and the mobile radio R15 installed in the car is in zone 14A. It is assumed that communication is in progress with a wireless base station 13A within the network.

Since the automobile is traveling from zone 14A to zone 14C, the relative distance between radio base 813A and mobile radio 15 is increasing.

Assuming that the communication is continuing and the car moves from zone 14A to zone 14C, the distance between the wireless base station 13A and the mobile wireless device 15 will be 5 to 7 points or more, and the input electric fields of mutually received radio waves will increase. The value decreases until the transmission quality falls below a certain level.

This state of quality deterioration is constantly monitored by the radio network control station 12, and when the quality drops below a certain standard, the wireless base stations 13B, 13C and 13D in the vicinity of the radio base station 13Δ are A request is made to measure the quality of the radio channel (assumed to be channel C-11) in use between the base station 13A and the mobile radio 15. In the wireless base stations 13 [3, 13C and 13D, which received this request,
Each receives a signal by tuning its own radio channel search receiver Ia (not shown) to the channel CHI, and reports the status to the radio network control station 12.

The radio network control station 12 that received this report receives the received human power electric field E3 of the radio base stations 13B, 13C, J3 and 13D.
, Eo, and E, and EC>[B , E
c > Co, and if the EC confirms that a certain level of transmission quality is ensured, the wireless line charge control station 12 is deemed to have moved from zone 14A to zone 14C, and A procedure for disconnecting the wireless channel CH1 used by zone 14A and instead using an unused channel (assuming channel CI-110) among the wireless channels available at wireless base station 13C in zone 14C. In other words, change the chit-tone switch during a call.

Below are the references: Old and other "Car phone radio line control" Nippon Telegraph, Telephone and Telecommunications Research Institute Research and Practical Application Report VO1, 26,
No. 7 See page 1885 L/'cK Mustard 1.

(1) Channel switching signals are transmitted between the radio network control station 12 and each radio base station 13 using control lines included in each transmission path 16, and between each radio base station 13 and the first station machine 15 before movement. There will be a wireless communication channel between the two stations.

(2) A channel switching signal is sent to the mobile radio R15 from the radio base station 13△ with which it was previously communicating, and the radio continuity test)--n attempts to switch to a new one.
For example, it is sent to the mobile radio device 15 from the radio base station 13C.

(3) When the mobile radio station 15 cannot receive a call to the radio continuity test 1, it returns to the old communication channel set with the radio base station 13A and continues the communication.

The above (1> to (3)) are the channel switching methods currently used by NTT during a call, but as is clear from these explanations, the caller, i.e., the car phone user, is subject to the following noises: (a) The control signal for switching according to (1) above (in this case, a 300 bits/second digital signal) is mixed into the call after the other party's signal is disconnected. Since it appears in the output of the receiver by being inserted into the middle channel, it mixes into the call as an audible sound of about 300H2, and the call is interrupted during this time.

(b) During the call test in (2) above, there is no l sound mixed in, but there is no sound, and during this period, the other party's voice is not transmitted to you, and your voice is not transmitted to the other party (call disconnection).

The duration of call interruption due to (a>, (b) above is C, 7
~C, it is said to be 8 seconds. On the other hand, the radio network control station 12
Then, the wireless base station 13G is instructed to start a conversation with the mobile wireless device 15 using, for example, channel CH10 via the transmission path 16C between the two. This instruction is also carried out in the same way as the continuity test described above, so from this moment on, the radio base station 13A ends communication with the mobile radio device 15, and instead, the radio base station 13C The radio network control station 12 starts communication with the telephone network 15.
0, the communication path switch SW in the barrier switch 19 for connecting each wireless base station 13 to the telephone network 10 is connected to the wireless base station 13A.
13C. In other words,
Using the communication path switch SW in FIG. 9, turn off the A-4 switch (indicated by a blank triangle) and turn on the C-4 switch (indicated by a black triangle).

With the above operations, the mobile radio 15 can be used in the car to communicate with any telephone in the telephone network 10 and the car is in zone 1.
The call will continue no matter where the user moves to 4A, 14B, 14C, or 14D.

In this way, the user (caller) is given a technical guarantee that he or she can make a call anytime and anywhere within the service area while the car is in motion. That service is good.

Mobile communications that employ such a small zone configuration have become able to exhibit the following features that are not found in large zone systems.

(a) Effective use of frequencies through a so-called small zone configuration, in which the radio waves from one wireless base station are used only in a narrow area, and many wireless base stations are placed in the service area and the same frequency is used repeatedly. became possible.

(b) With the advent of digital synthesizers, it has become possible for mobile radios to switch between hundreds of radio channels, and to communicate between these many mobile radios and radio base stations. Since the technology for setting and controlling wireless lines has been established, it has become possible to contribute to the effective use of frequencies in (a).

(C) The radio line control technology necessary to efficiently control the setting of radio lines for making and receiving calls for a large number of mobile radio devices has been established. It is now possible to switch wireless channels during communication without having to change zones during wireless communication.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, in the conventional method as illustrated in FIG.
The problem is that technical measures are insufficient or no measures have been taken, causing inconvenience to users and making it impossible to provide satisfactory services. It was necessary to promote effective use and improve service quality.

These problems will be explained below.

i) In order to make effective use of frequencies, it is necessary to reduce the zone radius of one zone in a small zone configuration, but if this becomes too small, mobile radio equipment may pass through one zone during communication. The probability of moving to another zone increases. As a result, it is frequently necessary to change the wireless channels assigned to each zone when transitioning between zones, and at this time, it is necessary to change the old channels to the new front channels for both wireless base stations and mobile radios. do. Conventionally, this change was made at the radio network control station 12 (Fig. 9), but
This channel change caused temporary interruptions in communication, resulting in deterioration in communication quality.

ii) There have been cases where mobile radio devices with different transmission powers were introduced into the same system and did not operate as devices within one system. This is, for example, a mobile radio installed in a car! a (transmission output 5W in the case of NTT's Hakokuichi Telephone) and a mobile phone (NTT') that accesses a wireless base station for car phones that users can carry outdoors.
In this case, the transmission output power 1W> is accommodated in the same system, but in this case, the wireless equipment accommodated in the wireless base station can be shared, making it possible to construct an economical system. However, from the point of view of effective frequency use, it complicates the creation of rules for reusing the same frequency, which reduces the effectiveness of effective use, and the difference in transmission power levels As other movements S occur, the possibility of interference caused by the line equipment increases. In order to prevent this, costs have increased and the effective use of frequencies has been compromised.

jll〉 As the number of small zones progresses, there are many situations in which within a small zone served by one wireless base station, small zones served by an adjacent or the next adjacent wireless base station overlap. There was a possibility of loss of control when using

This is because radio wave propagation characteristics are greatly affected (propagation loss) by topography and structures within one small zone. This effect becomes relatively large as the number of zones becomes smaller in order to make effective use of frequencies, and as the range of one small zone becomes smaller (within a radius of one gap or less). In addition, relatively high-level transmitters are used in the radio base stations and mobile radios used to ensure good communication even in areas affected by terrain or structures. This means that in areas where there is no influence from terrain or structures, it becomes possible for a radio base station located far away to communicate with a mobile radio device located in another zone.

Therefore, the original concept that one small zone is managed by one wireless base station and many small zones cover a wide plane of the service area disappears, and many small zones are superimposed and one The decision was made to form a service area.

As a result, in order to smoothly operate a small zone system in such a state, with the conventional technology, it is necessary to frequently set up, change, and cancel the wireless communication path, which reduces the capability of the wireless line control device. The result is much higher. Therefore, it is practically impossible to secure a smooth communication path, and consideration has been given to the system configuration in order to avoid such a situation.

iv) In mobile communications, the communication quality changes significantly due to the influence of radio wave propagation characteristics as the mobile body moves, and in places where radio waves propagate poorly, communication quality is required for the system. There were problems such as the value being below the value. In order to solve this problem, various measures such as diversity technology have been taken, but all of them have problems such as not only increasing the cost of the equipment but also impairing the effective use of frequencies.

Furthermore, call interruptions due to transition between zones during a call are considered to be a type of communication quality problem, and a solution was needed to ensure quality.

V) No measures were taken to deal with fluctuations in communication traffic within the system.

Communication traffic fluctuations within the system, for example, are usually extremely low in public communications late at night or early in the morning, during the day around 10 a.m. and between 2 to 3 p.m., and in car telephones.
A large pile of traffic can be seen between 5 and 6 o'clock, but if the system is designed to have a satisfactory gap even during the peak traffic hours, the system components will be idle during off-peak hours, resulting in high costs. If a system was built that was suitable for off-peak hours, the cost would be extremely low, but it would become unusable during peak hours, and the serviceability would drop by 1q.

In addition, the system is configured to provide high-quality service by effectively utilizing idle equipment in the system when communications traffic is slow, and then transition to regular service as traffic increases. They lacked the concept of effective use. One reason for this is considered to be that the system cost would rise sharply if attempts were made to solve this problem using conventional techniques.

Furthermore, when all the transceivers of a wireless base station are in use, conventional systems do not have the processing capacity to process even extremely short and regular signals such as device registration signals from mobile radio stations. This was a technical constraint on the progress of smaller zones.

vi) Conventionally, the location registration of mobile units communicating was done by registering and processing only the data received at one wireless base station at the same time. In systems that are subject to frequent changes, or in systems where there are restrictions on the location registration method due to the effective use of frequencies, it may be impossible to receive calls to mobile units due to location registration deficiencies.

If the radio transceiver installed in the radio base station is only one radio transmitter/receiver, it must be used for control and communication in a time-sharing manner, and when communicating with a mobile radio, it must be used in the same zone. Significant negative effects were rarely seen when there was a location registration request from another mobile radio in the area.

vii) The technology for providing mobile communication services using broadband signals was insufficiently mature and incomplete, causing inconvenience to users.

Conventionally, the mobile communication services that have been widely used have mainly been telephone, and those that use wide frequency bands, such as high-speed data signals, have rarely been used. This is because in mobile communication, the radio wave propagation characteristics change significantly as the mobile body moves, so there has been a lack of technology to properly receive wideband signals.

viii) In conventional land-based mobile communications, except in special cases, the direction of movement of a mobile object during communication cannot be determined.
It was not implemented due to technical difficulties. Therefore, effective information such as the traffic situation cannot be sent to the wireless line 1 in the area in the direction of movement, and problems remain in terms of effective frequency utilization and traffic management.

ix) Momentary interruptions occurred when switching channels during calls between zones or within zones, and this was also a major obstacle to creating smaller zones.

In the call channel switching method implemented by NTT, which was explained using FIG. The disadvantage is that part of the signal (300 bits/sec) may be mixed in. If there is a temporary interruption in the call line or noise, it is not a big problem because it can be compensated for by listening again when the content of the call is voice, but it is not a big problem. When equipped with a facsimile terminal and used for sending and receiving,
If there is a channel change during operation, for example, in a one-minute facsimile, the C, 8/60 portion of the page appears as a black line (or white line), which significantly deteriorates the received image quality. In the case of data communication, for example, 12
In a 00 baud data signal, approximately 100 bits of the signal are lost, so procedures such as retransmission are required.

In order to eliminate the annoying noise, there are methods such as silencing the channel during channel switching or using out-of-band signals, but although the purpose of eliminating the annoying noise can be achieved, it will reduce the time of line disconnection. still exists, so there remained an issue to be solved in that it was completely ineffective in eliminating the negative effects on facsimile and data signals.

[Means for solving the problem] A mobile radio device that is given self-identification information (ID) in association with a permanent location that is a home area, and a plurality of radios that are equipped with a radio transceiver and an ID identification storage unit. A base station and a type 1 exchange that manages multiple wireless base stations are arranged in a hierarchical manner, and the mobile wireless device is connected to the home station.
It is equipped with an upper-level exchange that performs location registration in relation to the distance from the home area of the destination when moving from the area, and this type 1 exchange is equipped with a barrier exchange that is connected to various upper-level exchanges. A switch 0 that connects the telephone network to the telephone network, a communication control section and an ID identification storage section that control this switch group, and an S/
N monitoring unit, in which a mobile radio receives multiple channels simultaneously in order to simultaneously communicate with multiple radio base stations while moving within a service area covered by multiple radio base stations; A system including a circuit and a wireless transmission circuit that simultaneously transmits multiple channels was constructed.

[Operation] While multiple radio base stations and mobile radio devices are communicating the same communication content in parallel using multiple channels,
When a channel (old channel) whose communication quality falls below a certain value occurs, the first type exchange that detects this changes the communication between it and one other wireless base station that satisfies the certain communication quality. Communication on the old channel ended by switching to another channel (new channel), and multiple channels including the new channel were used to allow the same communication content to be communicated without momentary interruption. As a result, the following actions and effects could be obtained.

i) Each wireless base station and type 1 exchange is provided with an ID identification storage unit, and the location of a mobile wireless device is registered in parallel based on the data of each wireless base station, which increases the reliability of location registration. Improved.

11) Since one channel among multiple channels whose communication quality has deteriorated is switched to a new channel, it is possible to achieve seamless channel switching during calls between zones or within zones.

1ii) The adoption of economical transmitting/receiving diversity ensures good communication quality, reduces interference, and makes new services using broadband signals technically possible.

1v) When traffic is slow, many channels are used for parallel communication, which makes effective use of radio equipment and improves communication quality.

■> Since each wireless base station is equipped with an ID identification storage unit and a function that enables simultaneous transmission and reception of multiple wireless channels through high-speed switching, it is possible to process location registration signals from mobile wireless devices even during peak traffic times. It became.

vi) Parallel communication of multiple channels improved the transmission characteristics of wideband signals, resulting in improved line quality.

vii) It has become possible to estimate the moving direction and speed of a mobile radio, and it has become possible to secure communication in the destination zone and to carry out advance allocation of channels to be used in the mobile prospect zone.

viii) the mobile radio's self-identification information is given in relation to its permanent location, which is the home area of the mobile radio, and its location in relation to its distance when the mobile radio moves from its home area; By arranging exchanges where registration is performed in a hierarchical manner, it is now possible to smoothly register locations and make and receive calls from mobile radios, no matter how wide the service area becomes.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, and FIG. 1C show an example of a system configuration for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1A, 10 is a general telephone network, which includes a switchboard for general telephones. One is telephone network 1
This is a gateway exchange for connecting the general telephone exchange included in Q and the wireless system. 2O-I-
1, 2O-I-2, 2O-I-3 are first type exchanges, each of which has a plurality of wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2.・
..., 30-') Many mobile radios and general telephone networks 1
0 via the gateway switch 19, and the wireless base stations 30-1 to 3C)-n
A communication control unit 21 that sends and receives control signals between each station and controls communication channel setting cancellation, etc.; and a communication control unit 21 that sends and receives control signals between each station, and controls communication path setting cancellation, etc.; It includes a switch group 23 necessary for switching the communication path for connection between the terminal and the terminal.

FIG. 1B shows a mobile radio m50 communicating with each radio base station 30-1, 30)-2. The received signal received by the antenna section is sent to the receiving microphone 63 and the receiving section 5.
3, and the output communication signal is input to the control section 58 and the five telephone sections. A communication signal output from the telephone section 59 is applied to a wireless transmission circuit 66 including a transmission mixer 61 and a transmission section 51, and the transmission signal is sent out from the antenna section and received by the wireless base station 30. In addition, the presence or absence of interference during communication is monitored, and if interference exceeding a certain level is detected,
An interference detector 62 reports this to the control unit 58. An ID/roam/area information collation storage unit 54 stores the ID of its own mobile radio 1150 and identifies and stores which zone it is in. is equipped with connections as shown.

This mobile radio device 50 further includes a synthesizer 55-1.
．． 55-2. ..., 55-n and 56-1.56-
2. ..., 56-n, and selector switch 64-1.64
-2, and a reception switching controller 65C and a transmission switching controller 67C that generate signals for switching and controlling the changeover switches 64-1 and 64-2, respectively.
Synthesizer #f55-1~55-n and 56-1~56-
n and both switching controllers 65C and 67C are connected to the control unit 5.
8. Each synthesizer 55-1~
A reference frequency is supplied from a reference crystal oscillator 71 to 55-n and 56-1 to 55-n.

FIG. 1C shows a radio base station 30 (for example, 30-1>) that communicates with the mobile radio device 50, and the configuration is almost the same as that of the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B. The controllers 55-1 to 55-1 for switching between transmission and reception are
55-rL56-1 to 56-n, there is no changeover switch 64-1.64-2 for switching the synthesizer on the synthesizer, and the synthesizer is also 35-1.36-1 for reception and transmission.
There is also an ID identification storage section 34 for identifying and storing the ID numbers of the user and the called party, and an ID identification storage section 34 that constantly monitors the call quality during communication and sends it to the control section 38 when the call quality deteriorates. It has a communication quality monitoring unit 37 that reports,
Interface 3 to the first type exchange 1N20-I, which does not have the telephone section 59 (FIG. 1B) and takes the place of the telephone section 59
9 is provided.

Each component corresponding to FIG. 1C and FIG. 1B will be listed below, and description of each function will be omitted. Here, the numbers in parentheses are the numbers of the corresponding components in FIG. 1B.

Transmitting section 31 (51) Receiving section 33 (53>Synthesizer 35-1 (55-1 to 55-rl) Synthesizer 36-1 (56-1 to 56-n) Control section 3B (5
8) Reference crystal oscillator 40 (71) Transmitting mixer + J41 (61) Interference detector 42 (62) Receiving mixer 43 (63) Radio transmitting circuit 46 (66) Radio receiving circuit 48 (68) Moved to Figure 1D Another embodiment 30B is shown in which a wireless base station 30 (for example, 30-1) communicates with the wireless @50, and has almost the same configuration as the mobile wireless device 50 shown in FIG. 1B. , the difference is that there is no ID/Roam/Area information collation/storage section 54 (Fig. 1B), an ID identification storage section 34 for identifying and storing the ID numbers of the user and the called party, and a A communication quality monitoring unit 3 that constantly monitors the call quality and reports it to the control unit 38 when it deteriorates.
7, there is no telephone section 59 (FIG. 1B), and an interface 39 to the first type exchange 20-I, which takes the place of the telephone section 59, is provided.

Each component corresponding to FIG. 1D and FIG. 1B is listed below, and description of each function is omitted. Here, the numbers in parentheses are
1B is the number of each corresponding component in FIG. 1B.

Transmitting section 31 (51) Receiving section 33 (53) Synthesizers 35-1 to 35-n (55-1 to 55-n> Synthesizers 36-1 to 36-n (56-1 to 56-n) Control section 38B (58) Reference crystal oscillator 40 (71) Transmission mixer 41 (61) Interference detector 42 (62) Reception MIG 1/43 (63) Radio transmission circuit 46 (66) Radio reception circuit 48 (68) Fig. 1E shows another actual example of the radio base station 30, in which a radio base station 30C including a plurality of transceivers makes many calls sharing the antenna common bag @96 and the radio base station control device 32. Sending/receiving fi90-1 to 90-m
and m communication quality monitoring receivers 9 having both the functions of the radio receiving circuit 48 and the communication quality monitoring unit 37 shown in FIG. 1D.
3-1 to 93-rn and a control transceiver 94 dedicated to a control channel for control signals, and a first type exchange 120-I
It is also connected to the telephone network 10 via a barrier switch 19 that manages and controls these plurality of first-class switches 20-1.

Transmission/reception 4190-1 to 9O-rn used in Figure 1E
The configuration of one transmitter/receiver 90 in the back is shown in FIG.
The connection relationship with is shown.

The transceiver 90 shown in FIG. 1F has almost the same configuration as the wireless base station 30B shown in FIG.
8C and a reference crystal oscillator 40G are shared.

Since such a configuration is used for the transmitting/receiving devices 1190-1 to 90-m in FIG. 1E, the changeover switch 44-1
．． 44-2, one noise generator 35-1 to 35-
If one specific sink type is selected from each of n and 36-1 to 36-n, the radio base station 30C shown in FIG. 1E can simultaneously transmit and receive m channels.

In addition, the changeover switch 44-1゜44- of the transmitter/receiver 90
2 and chop the synthesizers 35-''L to 35-n and 36-1 to 36-n at high speed and switch them repeatedly, one transmit/receive 190t'n channels can be transmitted and received simultaneously. Therefore, the wireless base station 30C in FIG. 1E can simultaneously transmit and receive up to rrlXn channels.

Another embodiment of a mobile radio 150 is shown in FIG. 1G.

The mobile radio shown in FIG. 1B of the mobile radio 50B of FIG. 1G! The difference from the fi50 is that in addition to the radio receiving circuit 68 that includes the receiving mixer 63 and the receiving section 53, a receiving unit 1 node 73 and a C/N measuring receiving section 52 are provided, and both receiving mixers 63 and 73 are provided with Reception switching controller 65C
and a changeover switch 64-1 controlled by the control unit 58B.
and 64-3 via synth νi', F55-1~5
5-n is applied, and the outputs of synthesizers 56-1 to 55-n are applied to the transmission mixer 61 via a changeover switch 64-2 controlled by a transmission switching controller 67C. be.

The mobile radio 150B shown in FIG. 1G has a function that has a particularly remarkable reception diversity effect.

A part of the reception signal received by the antenna unit 50 of the mobile radio is added to this reception mixer 73 . Receive mixer 73
The outputs from the synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n are applied as local oscillation frequencies to the synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n via the changeover switch 64-3.

This changeover switch 64-3 is different from other changeover switches 64-
It is not necessary to switch at a high speed like 1 or 64-2, and a low switching speed of, for example, about 10t-1z is sufficient. When the selector switch 64-3 is in the position to obtain the output of the synthesizer 55-1, the C/N value (carrier-to-noise ratio value) of channel CH'1 measured by the C/N measurement receiving section 52 is transmitted to the control section. 58B. Next, switch 6
When the output of the synthesizer 55-2 is increased by 1, the C/N value of the channel CI-12 is measured. When the output of the synthesizer 55-n is turned on in the following cases, the C/N value of the CI-1n is measured and transmitted to the control section 58B. The control unit 58B uses these values to control the switching frequencies of the reception switching tiller 65C and the transmission switching controller 67C so that they each operate at a speed inversely proportional to the C/N value, for example.

Next, a system for increasing the reception diversity effect will be briefly described. FIG. 1H shows an example of the configuration of the mobile radio device 50C in this case.

In FIG. 11-1, the input radio wave (input signal) to the mobile radio device 50G is divided into n equal parts at the antenna input section, and each radio wave is divided into n equal parts by the radio receiving circuits 68-1, 68-2, . ....

68-n. Each radio receiving circuit 68-1-〇 8
- receive mixers 63-1, 63-2 .・
..., 63-n, receiving section 53-1.53-2°...,
53-n, and reception mixers 63-1 to 63-n are provided.
63-n, respectively, 4 noisers 55-1155 on the thin
The local oscillation frequencies from -21..., 55-n are input. Therefore, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, there is no reception selector switch 64-1 shown in FIG. In addition, these receiving sections 53-1 to 53-5
A part of the output signal of 3-n is sent to the control section 58C, and roughly the other part is added to the mixing circuit 69 and processed in the same way as in a normal diversity receiver (in this case, post-detection synthesis). and sent to the telephone section 59.

FIG. 11 shows a mobile radio 50D that is different from the mobile radio ta5OC shown in FIG. Radio transmitting circuits 66-1 to 66-6 including 51-1 to 51-n
6-n, a signal to be transmitted is commonly connected and applied to each transmitting section 51-1 to 51-n, and a control section 58D
The outputs from the synchronizers 56-1 to 56-n, which generate designated frequencies under control, are applied to the respective transmission mixers 61-1 to 61-n. This mobile radio device 50D is a mobile radio device 50G (No. 11-1
Switch 64- to select multiple wireless channels as shown in the figure)
2 allows continuous transmission without chopping.

By adopting a circuit configuration as shown in FIGS. 11-1 and 11, it is possible to achieve a large diversity effect of 1q.

Mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> and radio base station 30 (B
,C), control signals with the first type exchange 20-1 are transmitted in two cases: a control channel dedicated to control signals;
) There are cases where signals outside the band are used.

In order to transmit this control signal outside the communication (speech) signal band, specifically, when the control signal is an analog signal, a second
As shown in figure (a), the communication channel band C, 3 to 3
．． Low frequency fDO outside 0KH2 (e.g. about 100t
-1z) or higher frequency” Dl-fD2= f03
"" D8 (for example 3.8KH2 to C, 1KHz
8 waves up to 4.5 KH2 at intervals) are used.

When there are many items to be controlled, that is, many control data, the control frequency f. The wave number of 0" fD8 may be increased roughly, or a subcarrier format may be used.

At this time, for example, "t)0"" 1 of fD8
More control data can also be transmitted by frequency modulating or amplitude modulating the wave or waves.

Furthermore, when a digital data signal is used as a control signal, it is also possible to digitally encode the audio signal and transmit the two by time/minute v1 multiplexing, as shown in Figure 2(b). . FIG. 2(b) shows an example of a case where an audio signal is digitized by a digital encoding circuit 91, and the audio signal is multiplexed with a data signal by a multiplex conversion circuit 92, and then applied to the modulation circuit of the transmitter 31.

Below, mobile radio@50 (B, C, D>, wireless base station 30 (B, C), type i exchange (i=1°2.3
．． ..., n) 20 and the functions of the barrier exchange group 19 will be explained in order.

(△) Mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) First, among the functions provided by the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>, the functions of the control unit 58 (B, C, D>) will be explained. The control unit 58 (B, C, D>) has the following basic functions.

i) Commands the wireless transmission circuit 66 of the own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> to emit or stop radio wave transmission, and controls the transmission power level.

ii) Instruct the radio receiving circuit 68 of the own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) to receive radio waves or stop it.

1ii) Instructing the telephone unit 59 whether or not to send a dial signal and instructing the transmission/reception of voice.

iv) Synthesizer groups 55-1 to 55-n and 5
Oscillation frequency (channel) designation, excavation command and stop command for 6-1 to 56-n.

■) Control commands to the reception and transmission switching controllers 65C and 67C.

vi) Changing one or more channels in use according to instructions from the first type exchange 20-I.

vii) Request the first type exchange @20-(to change the channel to be used based on the information from the interference detector 62).

viii) Confirm the ID of the other party to communicate using the information from the ID/roam area information verification storage unit 54.

ix) Transfer of a communication channel to a mobile wireless device with a higher service type according to an instruction from the first type exchange 20-I.

X> For reception (transmission) switching controllers 65C and 67C,
Determination of on/off duty conditions.

xi) First type exchange [Estimation of the moving direction and speed of own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) based on the report from 120-I.

Next, by using the functions i) to xi) in combination, the following applied functions can be provided.

1) The ID/roam area information collation storage unit 54 checks the radio channels used by other mobile radios or other radio base stations operating in the vicinity of the own mobile radio 50 (B, C, D).
It is used when making a call or switching communication channels.

2) Using the functions i), vi), and vii), set the optimal transmission level for your own mobile radio [50 (B, C, D).

3) One application of the function in 2) is to determine the optimal signal speed for digital signal transmission.

4) The optimal channel to be used can be determined depending on the type of communication (N talk, FAX data, etc.).

5) Channel switching operation is performed without interruption during communication.

(B) Wireless base station 30 (B, C) Devices each having the following functions are set in the wireless base station 30.

a) Each radio base station has a dedicated radio transceiver for transmitting and receiving a small number (usually one) of control channels, and a number of dedicated communication channels corresponding to the number of communication channels assigned to that radio base station. A wireless transmitter/receiver is installed.

For example, assume the wireless base station 30C in FIG. 1E. 1
The number of communication channels to be allocated to one radio base station 30C is determined by the number of communication channels that should be allocated to one radio base station 30C.
(B.

The optimum value is given by the call traffic in C).

If the area of a zone is large and there are many mobile radio devices in that area, the number of calls per hour will inevitably increase, so at least one control channel and multiple communication channels are required to transmit and receive data. Naturally, several more machines 90 (Fig. 1F) are required. In NTT's car telephone system, there is an actual example in which two control channels and a maximum of about 60 communication channels are allocated in the case of a large conference.

However, the size of the zone gradually became smaller, and finally the above-mentioned document, Ito "Proposal of Mobile Telephone System," Communications Society of Japan, Communication System Study Group Material C8-86-88, 1986, 1
As shown in January, when it comes to extremely small zones with a radius of about 25 meters, the wireless base station that handles this area as a service area will choose to install a wireless channel there due to call traffic, method, and cost considerations. In some cases, control and telephone calls are each handled as one function, and the radio equipment that covers these functions has one transmission and reception function.

In other words, one transmitter/receiver is used for both control and communication (see Figure 1D). What's more, this dual-purpose system is such that when a call is made from a mobile radio, it initially responds to a call from a mobile radio using the control channel A channel, and after specifying an available communication channel, it also changes to the communication channel itself. Rather than simply communicating with the same mobile radio,
As explained in detail below, even during communication using one mobile radio and a communication channel, the communication channel and control channel are repeated at a switching speed that does not interfere with the signal. By switching, the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) that wishes to make/receive a new call
A feature of the present invention is that it has an excellent function of accepting calls from and receiving calls and making it possible to make and receive calls.

As explained above, there are various possible configurations of the wireless base stations 30 (B, C), and the present invention is applicable to all of them.

However, in the radio base station 30 of FIG. 1A, only one set of transmitter/receiver is shown, and the rest are omitted.

b) The transmitter/receiver dedicated to communication channels installed in each radio base station 30 (B, C) is capable of receiving one channel out of a plurality of radio channels among the radio channels assigned to that radio base station. Of course, there are
In zones with severe traffic fluctuations, one transceiver 90 installed in the wireless base station 30C (FIG. 1E)
Assume that the configuration shown in FIG. 1F is as shown in FIG. In other words, the configuration of the portion that transmits and receives radio signals is substantially the same as that of the mobile radio 150 shown in factor 1B.

As a result, the call traffic in this zone increases, and even in the radio base station 30C, where rn transceivers 90 are installed for normal rTI channel communication, due to the increase in call traffic, communication on m channels or more is not possible. When it becomes necessary, the synthesizer 35-1, 36-1, etc. currently in operation is transmitted to one transceiver 90 of the wireless base station 30C by a control signal sent from the control unit 38C in the base station. 35-2.35-3. ...
, 35-n and 36-2.36-3. ..., 36-
n and selector switches 44-1 and 44-2 are operated.

As a result, what was conventionally possible to transmit and receive m channels becomes capable of transmitting and receiving up to mXn channels. The number of channels that can be used simultaneously increases dramatically.

However, the transmission power of each channel will decrease depending on the number of switching, unless a power amplifier is installed at the output of the transmitter Miku'v61, so it is necessary to pay attention to this point. becomes the upper limit. Alternatively, if interference is to be caused to a channel that is communicating in another zone, the number of channels less than that is the limit. Furthermore, it is also necessary to limit the signal band so that communication signals between channels do not overlap in the baseband frequency band.

The radio base station 30B in FIG.
0 Even when communicating with (B, C, D) using the communication channel, the communication channel and control channel are switched at a switching speed that does not interfere with the transmitting/receiving radio frequency as in the previous step). By repeatedly switching, it is possible to accept calls to and from mobile radios Ia50 (B, C, D) that wish to make and receive new calls. By having the wireless device that wishes to make a new call transfer the channel, it is possible to make a call.

As shown in FIG. 1C, the radio base station 30 is equipped with an ID identification storage unit 34, and the location of the mobile radio device 50 (existing in the home area) that normally exists in its own service area is registered. However, when the location registration signal of the mobile radio device 50 that enters from another area is stored, or when the mobile radio device 50 in the home area moves to another area, the location registration signal from the first type exchange a20-1 is stored. Mobile radio 1 by notification
It has a function of storing the current position of 1t50.

(C>First type exchange 20-■ As shown in FIG. 1A, the first type exchange 20-1 includes mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C, D), wireless base station 30 (B,
C), first class exchange 20-1. Gateway exchange 19. Setting and canceling communication channels with the telephone network 10 (telephone subscribers), changing location registration due to migration of mobile radios between zones, and providing information such as location registration and calling/receiving calls as necessary. It has functions such as transferring calls to the upper level exchange and switching channels during calls. Specifically, the first type exchange Ia20-I has the functions shown in FIG. 1A. This will be explained below.

a) Each radio base station 30 that received a location registration signal (using control channel) from the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D)
Based on the report from (B, C), the mobile radio@5
The IO (self-identification information) of 0 (B, C, D) is stored in the ID identification storage unit 24 via the communication control unit 21. In this case, in the present invention, since a location registration request is made from a plurality of wireless base stations 30 (B, C), in addition to the ID of the mobile wireless device 50, the ID of the wireless base stations 30 (B, C) and the wireless base station 30 The quality of the signal received at (B, C) (S/N, C/N
decibel values) are also stored.

b) Each radio base station 30 (which has received a calling signal (using a control channel) from the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>)
Based on the reports from B, C), the wireless base station 30 (B, C) cFi with the best received signal quality or the next best wireless base station 30 (B, C) is selected. The mobile radio 50 (B, C.

Specify a call channel number that is not being used at that time to communicate with D), and send a command signal to other radio base stations to stop communication with the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>). do.

c) Execution of the operation of the switch group 23 to close fJn in connection with the call originating from the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D) in b), and when the called party is included in the telephone network 10; is the transmission of information necessary for setting up a call with the called party to the gateway exchange 19.

d) When an incoming call signal to the mobile radio 150 (B, C, D> is transmitted from a caller included in the telephone network 10 through one barrier switch, Called mobile radio device 50 (B,
Confirm the current location of C, D).

e) Mobile radio 50 of d) (B, C, D> (7
) In connection with an incoming call, the called mobile radio 50 (B, C.

D) An instruction to send a paging signal to the radio base station 30 (B, C) that covers the zone in which the current location of D) is registered.

First, this calling signal is sent to the mobile radio device 50 (B, C.

D) All wireless base stations 3 whose current locations are registered
0 (B, C), and each radio base station 30 (B, C) that receives the signal transmits the incoming call signal addressed to the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) at the same time using the downlink control channel. Send to. However, this transmission time does not necessarily have to be the same time, and may be transmitted sequentially in chronological order for each radio base station 30 (B, C). However, it is only necessary to take measures to avoid interference caused by time differences between signals.

r>w dynamics klja':) O(B, C, D
> After starting ffi'lfJ talk, if the communication traffic situation within the system allows, approve the implementation of transmitting/receiving diversity and instructing the execution of the operation.

q) Mobile radio device 50 performing transmitting/receiving diversity
Regarding ([3, C, D), if a traffic width comparison or an important subscriber's calling party wideband signal 1 novice applicant appears at that time, the multiplicity of transmitting and receiving diversity (
Determine and execute the reduction of the number of used channels (number of used channels) or stop the diversity.

h) According to items a) to e), the mobile radio device 50 (
B, C, D) may be located within the same zone or change zones as the wireless base station 30 (B, C, D) moves.
If the communication quality with B or C has deteriorated, instruct that channel to perform an operation of switching the channel during communication (busy).

Note that in order to perform this operation, the opposing wireless base station 3
It is necessary to send a control signal to 0 (B, C), but this instruction (control signal) uses a call chitnel to send a frequency band above or above the frequency band of the call signal, as shown in Figure 2 (a). used.

i) By moving the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D>, each radio base station 30 (B,
By measuring the change in reception quality of C), the moving direction and moving speed of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) are estimated, and the mobile radio device (B, C.

Comprehensively judge the I/Rahitsuk status (communication channel usage status) of the wireless base stations 30 (B, C) in the movement direction of D), and if necessary, select these wireless base stations 30 (
Instructs to gradually decrease or increase the multiplicity of the transmitting/receiving diversity of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) that is communicating with the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

(D) Class I exchange 20-i (i=1.2,3°...
・, r)) The function of the first type exchange 120-i is the upper i-th eleventh, i+
2... Seed exchanger and subordinate (subordinate) 1-1. , r
-2, ... has an interface for sending and receiving signals with a type exchange, stores the location registration of the mobile radio 150 and calling/receiving information in its own exchange as necessary, and sends it to an upper or lower exchange. It has the function of transferring.

FIG. 10 shows the case where i=n=2. A film formed from this is shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 13, for simplicity, the service area managed by each first-class exchange is shown not in a circle but in a straight line.

FIG. 13 also shows a configuration example where the number of ranks i is n=5. In this example, the fifth type exchange 20-V is the barrier exchange 19. Details of the functions of each hierarchy shown in FIG. 13 are published, for example, in the following literature.

Ito "Study of Mobile Telephone Systems - Focusing on Routing for Radio Line Control" IEICE Technical Report C387-16 May 1986 and Patent Application 1986-000460 For example, for location registration - It has the following functions.

Multiple mobile radios 4 existing within a unit service area
150, a plurality of φ type i exchanges accommodating a radio base station 30 that communicates with the wireless base station 150, and at least one i+ type exchanger accommodating a plurality of these i type exchanges via trunk lines.
1-1°2.3. The i+1 type exchange is hierarchically arranged as follows, and all i+1 type exchanges are 1 novice/
A switching system is configured to cover an area, and self-identification information is assigned to distinguish a home area in which each of the plurality of mobile radios is normally located and each mobile radio 50 to be differentiated. It has the ability to register information in the first type and i+1 type exchanges that manage the home area.

An example of the above self-identification information is shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, it is possible to divide and identify the roam areas corresponding to the exchanges of each hierarchy. In other words, in the same figure, if the mobile radio device 50 leaves its home area and is in a class 0 roam area, the nth class exchange is the one that manages that area.

The n-th type exchange reads the position information shown in the 0-th type roam area classification and makes a decision.

(E) Gateway Switch 19 In the first class exchange, the highest rank one behind 20-1 is especially called the barrier switch 19. The exchange where i takes the highest value n is the first
As is clear from FIG. 3, only one exists, and it has an interface function with another communication network, that is, in the case of the example of FIG. 13 of the present invention, the telephone network 10. According to the present invention, mutual access between a mobile communication network and a telephone network becomes possible, and calls to and from the mobile communication network 10 can be realized.

Next, the operation of the entire system will be explained in the order of the following items.

(1) Location registration (2) Call origination operation (3) Call reception operation (4) Application of diversity during times of low traffic (5) Explanation and rationale for channel switching during a call and the privacy effect.

(6) Estimation of moving direction and speed of mobile radio equipment and communication channel allocation method for traffic congestion countermeasures.

(7) Regarding lowering the switching frequency of repeated switching applied when switching channels during a call, etc.

(1) In the home area, where the location registration mobile radios 50 (B, C, D>) are permanently installed, or in the roam area, which is an area within the network other than the home area, the type 1 exchange 20- ■ and surrounding wireless base stations 30-1 to 30
- the mobile radio 50 (B,
When the power switches of C and D> are turned on and the operation starts, the first thing that is performed is the location registration operation. The flow of this location registration operation is shown and explained in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

When the power switch of the mobile radio R50 (B, C, D) is turned on, a signal to start an operation for registering the current position is sent to the surrounding radio base stations, for example 30 using the uplink control channel (CH). -1 to 30-") (S201, Fig. 4A) to this mobile radio [50 (B, C,
Upon receiving an operation start signal from (3202>), the wireless base station 3Clt mobile radio 150 (B, C, D>(7
) Confirm the start of operation 3203), and then confirm (S20
(3YES), if the downlink control channel is off, it is turned on and permission to send a location registration signal is sent out using the downlink control channel (S204).

When the location σ green signal transmission permission is received (S205), the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> transmits a location registration signal with its own ID (identification number) using the uplink control channel. (S206>. Communication using this control channel is possible even in the wireless base station 30B shown in FIG. Even when the device is being used with a device, multiple channels can be chopped at high speed and sent and received at the same time, so it is always available.

Upon receiving the location registration signal (3207), the wireless base station 3
0 (B, C), the reception quality is inspected and the ID is stored in the ID identification storage unit 34 (3208). If the result of inspecting the reception quality is above a certain value (S209YES,
Figure 4B>, the location registration request signal is sent to the first type exchange 20-1.
(3210>). Upon receiving this registration request signal (S211), the first type switching equipment 20-1 stores the reception quality and location in the plurality of wireless base stations 30-"l to 30-n. 3212).

When this registration work is completed, a registration completion signal is sent out (S213>.The radio base station 30 (B, C) that has received this registration completion signal uses the downlink control channel to transmit a registration completion signal to the mobile radio FM 50 (B, C). , D).

Registration completion signal received (5215>Mobile radio 50
(B, C, D> inspects the received contents and stores the ID (identification number) of each registered wireless base station 30 (B, C) in the ID roam area information verification storage unit 54 (S216
>.

With the above operations, the location registration operation is completed and the device enters a standby state for an incoming call.

As is clear from the above description, the mobile radio@50 (B) of the mobile communication system according to the present invention.

Unlike conventional systems, the location registration of C, D> requires registration at multiple locations (in units of wireless base stations). This represents one feature of the present invention.

Furthermore, when storing location registration information, the radio base stations 30 (B, C) and the first type exchange 20-1 store location registration signals sent from the mobile radio 150 (B, C, D). Measure quality and include and store the value. Therefore, for example, in the first type exchange 1fi20-I, when storing the location registration signal of the mobile heat 811a30 (B, C, D), the wireless base station 30 (B
, C>, and are stored in descending order of received amount 'U, for example, as shown below.

Table 1 Wireless base station & Juku Riyugai Reception quality 1 year/month/date ID It) S/N (C/N)
Hours, minutes, seconds 30-1 50 50 198
7. B, 1113, 24.56 30-2 50 45 1987
．． 8,1113. 24. 56 30-3 50 35 1987
．． 8,1113, 24. 56 30-4 50 30 1987
．． 8,1113, 24. 56 30-5 50 25 1987
．． 8,1113, 24. 56 Similarly, each wireless base station also has its own wireless base station 30 (B.

It stores not only the information received by C) but also the received information of surrounding wireless base stations as shown in Table 1. This occurs when a communication path is established between the mobile radio 1150 (B, C, D>) and the mobile radio 50 (B.

This information is not only useful when switching channels during calls as mobile radios 50 (B, C, D) move, but also useful for estimating the moving direction, speed, etc. of mobile radios 50 (B, C, D). This is because it is necessary.

For the same reason as above, mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C,
The ID roam area information verification record/n section 54 in D> also stores information in the same way as in Table 1.

Next, it is assumed that the mobile wireless devices 50 (B, C, D>) move from the zone where their location was registered while in standby (not talking) and move to an adjacent zone.The rules for this movement are as follows.
For example, in a system in which control signals are constantly being sent from the wireless base stations 30 (B, C), the ID of the wireless base stations 30 (B, C) included in the received control signal is transmitted to the mobile wireless devices 50 (B, C). It can be determined by comparing it with the ID stored in C, D>.

In a system in which control signals are not always sent from the radio base stations 30 (B, C, D), the mobile radio a50 (B, C, D) transmits signals from the surrounding radio base stations 3 at predetermined time intervals.
0 (B, C) using the uplink control channel A, and in response, each wireless base station 30
Wireless base station 30 (B, C) sent from (B, C)
This is possible by comparing the ID in C) with the ID information stored in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

In any of the above systems, in addition to the ID information of the radio base stations 30 (B, C) obtained as a result, the base station ID information previously stored in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) is If it is discovered that there is at least one new base station ID information that is different, the mobile radio 5
0 (B, C, D>) is determined to have moved to a new zone, and the control unit 58 (B, C) (see FIG. 1B) updates the location registration in the ID roam area information verification storage unit 54. In other words, the ID information of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) is transmitted to the surrounding radio base station 3 using the uplink control channel.
0 Send to (B, C).

A plurality of wireless base stations 30 (B
, C), perform the same procedure as already explained,
Mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D
) sends a location registration signal.

The first type exchange m20-1 that has received this signal operates its internal ID identification storage unit 24 and the mobile radio 50 (
As the location registration information of B, C, D>, from the conventional information,
Let's change the circle based on new information. As a result, the mobile radio device 50
(The location registration of 8, C, D> is updated.

The above update work is performed on the mobile radio device 50 (B, C.

D) is necessary because it is in standby mode, and if you move to a new zone during communication (talking), the first
When the type exchanger 20-1 allocates a new communication channel between the new radio base station (B, C) and the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D), the location registration is updated at the same time. No special action is required.

Note that in a system where the number of radio devices installed in the radio base stations 30 (B, C) is small and the radio devices for control channels are diverted to communication channels, the radio base stations 30 (
When B, C) is communicating with another mobile radio 5° (B, C, D), if the conventional technology is used, there is no other radio on standby, so even if another mobile radio Even when the machine issued a location registration request, the call was invalid. However, as a configuration of a mobile radio device, for example, a plurality of synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n, 56-1 to 56-n as shown in FIG.
By providing a switch 64-1, 64-2, etc., the transmission/reception channel can be repeatedly switched while chopping, even if the mobile radio is already communicating with another mobile radio. It is possible to communicate with radio equipment via a control channel. Therefore, it becomes possible to accept location registration.

The above is a case in which the location registration from the mobile radio device 50 is performed not from the periphery of the service area managed by one type 1 exchange 20-1, but from the center or a location slightly further inside than the periphery. Ta.

The following describes a case where location registration is performed around the service area.

The service area is not very wide and there is only one gateway switch 1
There is no problem if the system 9 manages all the wireless base stations 30 in the area, but if the system is large and the number of mobile wireless devices 50 accommodated in it is large, or if the service area is There are cases where a single type 1 exchange 20 cannot handle a wide range of service areas due to reasons such as economical efficiency. FIG. 10 shows an example, where the service area of the first type exchange U120-I-a and the service area of the first type exchange 2O-1-b are 1.
Two mobile communication networks have been formed. It is shown that the gateway switch 19 supervises and manages these two first type switch 20-I. The barrier switch 19 also has the function of interfacing with the general telephone network 10 or other mobile radio networks.

Regarding the location registration when the mobile radio device 50 exists in the area indicated by diagonal lines in FIG.
The location registration locations of the mobile radio 150 and the location registration locations for the various exchanges 20 will be explained using figures.

Mobile radio devices 50-a to 5 shown in the lower part of FIG.
0-d are all the same mobile radio equipment, and the service and
This shows the positional relationship when moving within the area. However, the home area of the mobile radio device 50, that is, the area where it is always located, is within the area of the radio base station 30-a. In addition, mobile radio 50-a leaves the 64 novice area managed by first-class exchange 2O-I-a, and leaves first-class exchange 2O-I-a.
-1-b managed area (this is the second type exchange 2o-
is approaching the area managed by m-a), and the mobile radio
At 50-b, the mobile radio 50 moves in the direction of the arrow from the position 50-a, leaves the service area managed by the first type exchange 2O-I-a, and moves to the first type exchange 2O-1-b.
(This is the area managed by type 2 exchange 120-n-a) and is approaching the area managed by mobile radio 5.
0-C is within the area managed by the 4th type exchange 2O-IV-a, but is moving between areas managed by the 3rd type exchange 2O-Ill-b, and the mobile radio FA 50-d is in the area managed by the 5th type exchange 2O-Ill-b. Although it is moving within the area managed by type 4 exchange 20-V, it is transferred from type 4 exchange 20-IV-a to type 20-IV.
-b (not shown).

In addition to the above, the mobile radio device 5Q in the state 50-b is sent to the radio base station 30-d at the location σ outside the area managed by the first type exchange 2o-i-a whose location has already been registered.
This will send out a green signal. Then, the mobile radio device 50 managed by the radio base station 30-d that received this signal
Since the wireless base station 30-d recognizes that this is not the mobile wireless device 50, the wireless base station 30-d stores the ID of this mobile wireless device 50 in its internal ID identification storage unit 34, and also uses the first type exchange [ Transfer the location registration signal to 2O-1-b.

The first type exchange 2O-I-b which received this signal investigated the contents of the signal and found that the first type exchange 2O-I-b
Since it recognizes that the mobile radio 50 is not under its own management, it stores the ID of the mobile radio 50 and the ID of the radio base station 30-d in its own storage circuit of the first type exchange 2O-I-b. . At the same time, the mobile radio 5
Transfer the location registration signal from 0.

In the second type exchange 2O-II-Q that received this signal,
When I investigated the contents of the signal, I found that it was a type 2 exchange tff120.
-II-a recognizes that it is a mobile radio 50 within the service area it manages, but has moved from the area of the first type exchange Ia 20-I-a that manages its home area. Recognizing that, the first type exchange Ia20-
The mobile radio FA50 performs the first type exchange 120-I for I-a.
-Notify that you are moving to area b. Upon receiving this notification U, the first type exchange 520-I-a changes the stored contents of its own station and transmits the above information to the radio base station 30-a that manages the home area. The wireless base station 30-a that has been notified of this updates its own storage contents.

The above operation is performed by the mobile radio device 50 from 50-a to 50-b.
This was a case of moving to the state of 50.
This also applies to the states of the mobile radio 50 indicated by -C and 50-d. These places.

For location registration, each wireless base J4 receives a good location registration signal.
Since it is carried out every 30, if three first-class exchanges 20
In the vicinity of a service area where the 9-service areas of -1 are in contact with each other, mobile radio equipment 50 is If a location registration signal of The location registration signal will be sent to the upper level exchange that manages the host exchange 20-1. At the same time, the current location of the mobile radio device 50 is transferred to the first type exchange 2O-I-a in the home area that manages the mobile radio device 50 and the radio base station 30-a.

The flow of the location registration operation accompanying the movement of the mobile radio device 50 described above will be explained with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 12A to 12E. In these figures, mobile radio IJ150 *radio base station 30° first type exchange 120-
I, 2nd type exchange 1! 2O-II 3rd type exchange 2O-I
II, Type 4 exchange 20-IV and barrier exchange 19
The first type exchange 120-V, which performs the function of , has already started operating.

When a location registration request signal is sent from the mobile radio device 50 (
S301, FIG. 12A), the nearest wireless base station 30 receives this, checks the ID (identification information) of the mobile wireless device 50, stores it, adds its own ID, and selects the ID (identification information) of the mobile wireless device 50. It is sent to the type 1 exchange 20-1 (S302).

Upon receiving the ID of the mobile radio 150 and the ID of the radio base station 30 (3303), the first type exchange 20-I determines whether or not this mobile radio 50 is under its own management (already registered in its location). (S304), and if it is under its own management (S304Y), completes its location registration,
The location is stored and a notification that the registration is completed is sent to the wireless base station 30 (S305).

Upon receiving this, the wireless base station 30 forwards the location registration completion report to the mobile wireless device 50 (3306), and in step 5
The mobile radio device 50 that made the location registration request in step 301 receives this location registration completion report (S307).

In step 3304, if it is determined that the mobile radio 150 that has requested location registration is not under the control of the first type exchange 20-I itself (3304N>, this first type exchange 20-I 50 and the ID of the wireless base station 30 that sent it are stored in an internal storage section, and a location registration request signal is sent to the upper type 2 exchange 2O-II (3308, FIG. 12B).

ID of the mobile radio device 50 that is the location registration request signal.

When the second type exchange 20-1 receives the ID of the wireless base station 30 and the ID of the first type exchange 20-■ (S309
), its second type exchange 20-I [is this second type exchange 1
! Check whether the mobile radio II 50 is under the control of the mobile radio II 50 (S310), and if it is under the control of the mobile radio II 50 (S310Y), complete the location registration, memorize the location, and complete the registration. The completion is reported to the mobile radio device 50 via the first type exchange Ia 20-I and the radio base station 30 (S3
11.5306.5307).

In step 5310, if it is determined that the mobile radio R50 that has requested location registration is not under the control of the first type exchange 120I-b (331ON), the second type exchange 2O-II 50 ID, the ID of the wireless base station 3O that sent it, and the first type exchange 20
- Store I's ID in the internal storage and send a location registration request signal to the upper type 3 exchange 20-■ (5312
, Figure 12C).

ID of the mobile radio device 50 that is the location registration request signal.

The IO of the wireless base station 30, the ID of the first type exchange 20-I, and the ID of the second type exchange 120-II are transferred to the third type exchange 1m2.
When 0-I[1 receives it (S313), the mobile radio 50 checks whether it is a mobile radio 50 under the control of this third-class exchange 2O-Ill (S314), and If it is located at the bottom (S3] 4Y), the location registration is completed, the location is stored, and the second type exchange 2O-II confirms that the registration is completed.

First class exchange 20-1. Reported to mobile radio device 50 via radio base station 30 (S314.5306.5307
).

In step 5314, if it is determined that the mobile radio device 50 that has requested location registration is not under the control of the third type exchange 20-III (3314N), the third type exchange 20-I [1] The ID of the mobile radio R50, the ID of the radio base station 30 that sent it, and the first type exchange 2
The IDs of 0-I and 2nd type exchange [20-I] are stored in the internal storage section 1, and a location registration request signal is sent to the upper 4th type exchange 20-IV (3316, Fig. 12D). .

ID of the mobile radio device 50 which is the position σ record request signal.

ID of wireless base station 30, and first type and second type.

Each ID of the third type exchange 20-I, 20-n, 20-ml
When the fourth type exchange 20-IV receives (3317)
, the mobile radio device 50 is connected to this fourth type exchange 20-I
Check whether the mobile radio device 50 is under the control of V (
3318), if it is under its own control (S318Y
), the location registration is completed, the location is memorized, and the third type, second type, and first type exchange 20-I[1
, 2O-II, 20-■, is reported to mobile radio 1!50 via radio base station 30 (S319.5306.33
07) In step 8318, the mobile radio device 50 that has requested location registration uses the type 4 exchange TFI 20-I.
If it is determined that it is not under the control of V White Body (331
8N > , Ko (7) Type 4 exchange 1m20 1V Ha, Mobile radio! 150 ID and the wireless base station 3 that sent it
0 ID, and the first, second, and third type exchanges 20-
The IDs of I, 2O-Il, and 20-I[1 are stored in the internal storage section, and a location registration request signal is sent to the upper type 5 exchange 20-V (S320, FIG. 12E).

The ID of the 10° radio base station 30 of the mobile radio device 50, which is the location registration request signal, and the first type and second type.

3rd class, 4th class exchange machine 20-1.2O-I1.20-1
．． 2O-IV (7) When the first type exchange 1A20-V receives each ID (S321), the mobile radio 50t is transferred to the mobile mh radio 5 under the control of this fifth type exchange 20-V.
0 (S322), and if it is under its own control (S322Y), the location registration is completed, the location is memorized, and the completion of the registration is confirmed as type 4 or type 3. , 2nd class, 1st class exchange 2O-IV, 2O-In, 2O
-II, 20-I, is reported to the mobile radio 50 via the radio base station 30 (see S323.3306.8307).

In step 5322, if it is determined that the mobile radio 50 that has requested location registration is not under the control of the fifth type exchange 20-V (3322N>, this fifth type exchange 20-■ is a mobile wireless ID of the device 50, ID of the wireless base station 30 that sent it, and type 1, type 2,
3rd class, 4th class exchange 20-I, 2O-ff, 2O-I
II, 2O-IV's IO is stored in the internal memory, and it is determined that the mobile VAB150 does not exist in the country of origin and has moved to a foreign country. 4th type, 3rd type, 2nd type, 1st type exchange 1A20-IV, along the same route as step 5323.
2O-Ill, 2O-II, and 20-I are reported to the intermediary radio base station 30 (S324).

In this way, location registration is completed.

(2) Calling operation The calling operation from the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>) will be explained.

It is assumed that the mobile radio device 50 ([3, C, D>) is powered on and the location registration explained in section (1) has been completed. The calling operation when calling another mobile radio in the same system or a telephone included in the telephone network 10 shown in FIG. 1A is similar to calling from a currently used car telephone. dial operation is performed.

Now, the user lifts up the handset (hang-off) of the telephone section 59 of the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B. In this state, the mobile radio 1a50 controls the timing at which the calling signal sent from the mobile radio 50 should be sent to the uplink control channel (from the mobile radio 50 to the radio base station 30 (B, C)). Part 58 knows.

At the time of a samurai call before the calling state, the downlink control channel (from the radio base station 30 (B, C) to the mobile radio
This is because the mobile radio device 50 has captured the signal a50) and recognizes the timing of the control signal included therein when the call can be made.

However, in a system in which the downlink control signals are not always sent from the radio base stations 30 (B, C), the uplink control signals from the mobile radio 1M50 are transmitted from the radio base stations 30 (B, C).
, C) and in response, the call timing of the radio base station 30 that desires to make the call is included in the downlink control channel transmitted from the plurality of radio base stations.

Also, in mobile radio 50, all functions shown in FIG. 1B are active. In particular, synthesizer 55 1 * 5
5 2 +..., 55-n are made to prepare for local oscillation frequency oscillation, but the selector switch 64-1 is kept fixed at the position where the synthesizer "55-1" is selected. Control unit 5 for synthesizer 55-1
At step 8, a control signal is sent out to oscillate a local oscillation frequency for receiving a downlink control channel. On the other hand, mobile radio device 50
Radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. ...,
30-n, if there is only one radio in the radio base station, the next operation is to control the uplink control signal from the mobile radio 50 depending on whether or not it is communicating with another mobile radio. I am working on receiving it.

First, at the wireless base station 30 (B, C) that is communicating with another mobile wireless device at that time, the wireless base station 30 (B, C)
) reception and transmission switching controllers 65C, 67C1
and synthesizer 55 1 +55-2.56-1
．． 56-2 is in operation, and behind this 55-1.56-
1 outputs a local oscillation frequency necessary for communication with other mobile radio devices, and synthesizer noisers 55-2 and 56-2 output a local oscillation frequency necessary for communication on a control channel. . Therefore, a call from a mobile radio device 50 located near the radio base station 30 (B, C) can be answered immediately.

Next, at that time, the radio base stations 30 (B, C) that are not communicating with other mobile radios and are on standby on the control channel can receive the reception state of the radio reception circuit 6B on the control channel. This is how it is fixed. Therefore, in a system that constantly sends out control signals or a system that sends out control signals intermittently, the wireless transmitting circuit 66 and the like are inactive in cases other than intermittent transmission, and are simply connected to the wireless receiving circuit 68, synthesizer, etc. Only 55-1 is in operation.

Now, under the above conditions, a call request signal is transmitted from mobile radio Ia50. ID of this mobile radio device 50
A call request signal containing the above is generated by the control unit 58 in FIG. 1B and sent to the wireless transmission circuit 66. The signal is modulated in the radio transmission circuit 66, amplified to an appropriate level, and then added to the antenna from the transmission mixer 61 and sent to the radio base station 301 or the like.

The radio base station 30-1 etc. that has successfully received this signal inspects the content of the received signal and
1, and confirms that the call is from the mobile radio 50 whose location has been registered.
Adding the reception quality value and empty channel number received by the radio base station 30-1, reply to the calling mobile radio device 50, and requesting the mobile radio device 50 to determine the calling channel number to be used. do. If 4f! is written in the storage unit 34 of the wireless base station 30-1! If the mobile radio does not have the
Reply to 7A50. However, in this case, the timing of the reply is related to the reception quality as described above so as not to interfere with replies from other radio base stations.

In the first type exchange 20-I, the wireless base station 30-1
We decided to avoid setting up a communication path with the radio base station with the best reception quality from the mobile radio device 50 obtained in the above steps, and set up a communication path with the radio base station (referred to as 30-1), which was unused at that time and was causing radio wave interference. It investigates communication channels in which there is no possibility of occurrence of such a problem, and if any is found, a reply is sent to the wireless base station 30-1 that has requested communication channel allocation. The radio base station 30-1 that received this reply transmits it to the mobile radio device 50 using the downlink control channel.

On the other hand, the mobile radio I/350 receives this signal, inspects the contents of the signal, confirms that the communication channel is assigned to the mobile radio 50, and changes the transmission/reception channel to the instructed communication channel. .

Further, in the wireless system control device 20, the switch SW of the switch group 23 for setting a communication path is turned on.

At this time, a dial tone is heard on the telephone section 59 of the mobile radio device 50, and when the user performs a dial operation, the communication between the wireless base station 30 and the first type exchange [20-I, gateway exchange 19] is heard. , a dial pulse (PS signal) is sent.

Below, the telephone network 1C of the called side, the barrier switch 19, the first type switch 20-I, the radio base station 30-1, and the mobile radio 5
A communication path is established between the terminal and 0.

The flow of the calling operation is shown and illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B. However, only one radio base station 30 (30-1>) that communicates with the mobile radio device 50 is shown.The first type exchange 20-I and the radio base station 30-1 have already started operation, and the mobile radio device 50 has also started operation and has completed the location registration work explained in Figures 4A and 4B. An off-hook signal and the ID (identification number) of the mobile radio device 50 are sent (S231,
Figure 5A).

The wireless base station 30-1 that received this transmits the mobile wireless device 50.
IO is detected, and it is confirmed that it is already stored in the ID identification storage unit 34 (3232).

Therefore, the radio base station 30-1 adds the reception quality value received from the mobile radio 50 and the current empty channel number and sends it as a call response signal using the transmission path (S23
3>.

The first type exchange R20-I, which has received such call response signals from a plurality of wireless base stations 30, checks the ID (identification signal) from each wireless base station 30 and considers the reception quality value.
234>, selects a wireless base station 30-1 to 30-'' that is capable of transmitting and receiving diversity, checks available channels, and sends a signal specifying the communication channel to be used (S235). Channel CI-11 is sent to the base station 30-1.Radio base station 30-1
Now, check the ID of the wireless base station 30-1 that was specified by the first type exchange 120-I, check that the specified communication channel (CH) is vacant, and send the channel designation signal. is transferred using the downlink control channel (323
6>. Upon receiving this channel designation signal, the mobile radio 50
confirms that the specified channel is free, switches to the specified channel (3237>, and sends a channel switching completion report using the downlink control channel (3237>).
3238>. The wireless base station 30 that received this switching completion report
-1 also switches channels and reports completion (S239>).

Upon receiving this, the first type exchange 20-I confirms that the channel switching has been completed, and transmits the information to the wireless base station 30-1 and the mobile wireless device 50.
5 to store the ID and communication quality in the ID identification storage unit 24.
240 >, switch group 23 under control of communication control unit 21
For example, by turning on 5W1-1, the wireless base station 30-1
is connected to the exchange 11 of the telephone network 10 (3241> Then, from the gateway exchange 19 side, dials 1 to - are sent out via the switch group 23 of the first type exchange 20-1 (3242, Figure 5B).

This dial tone is transferred by the radio base station 30-1 via channel C)-11 (downlink) (S243), and is received by the mobile radio 50 to confirm that a call has been established (S244). >.The mobile radio device 50 sends out a dial signal for the destination using channel C11 (upstream) 3245>, and one barrier switch operates to establish a communication path to the destination on the telephone network 10. (S247>. After that, a call is made (324B).

When the call is completed, the handset goes on-hook (3
249), the on-hook signal and end-of-call signal are sent to the mobile radio 5.
0 using channel CH1 (upstream) (3
250). As a result, the radio base station 30-1 confirms the end of the call (3251) and notifies the first type exchange 20-I of the end of the call. Therefore, in the first type exchange tff20-I, switch group 2
3, turn off the switch 5W1-1, and the call ends (
3252).

In the above description, in the first type exchange 1m20-i, the number of radio base stations 30 that communicate with the mobile radio device 50 is limited to one, but this is not always necessary.

In other words, it is possible to communicate with a plurality of wireless base stations 30 by sending a call, similar to when transmitting/receiving diversity is applied, which will be described later. However, in this case, it is necessary to carefully consider the traffic conditions in the vicinity before making any decisions.

Furthermore, there is no problem in transmitting data from a plurality of radio base stations 30 to the mobile radio device 50 at the same time. However, in this case, assuming that there is no problem since the call signal is the same, the control signal is moved to a different occupied frequency band outside the band (see Fig. 2 (a)), and from which wireless base station 30 the signal is transmitted is moved. The radio needs to be identified on the 50 side.

The above is a type 1 exchange R in which one call is made from the mobile radio device 50.
Not around the service area managed by 20-I,
It seems that the attack was carried out from a place a little further inside than the periphery, which seems to be the central area. What if a call is made from around the service area? In this case, similar to the location registration described above, control signals related to call origination are exchanged with a plurality of wireless base stations 30 managed by the first type exchange 20-I. In the setting of communication paths, a plurality of communication path switches are simultaneously opened and closed in the second type exchange 20-■, which manages the plurality of first type exchanges 20-I, or a higher-level exchange. The outline of this operation is exactly the same as the operation of the first type exchange 20-2 described above. However, a technical point to keep in mind is that there is a possibility that differences in signal delay time may occur due to differences in transmission paths.
In order to keep the value within a certain value, for example, within several rTISeC in the case of an audio signal, it is necessary to insert a delay compensation circuit into the transmission path. This is technically easy.

Regarding billing, if a call path is established to the other party via the exchange 20 located above the mobile radio 50, it is natural that the number of charges per unit time will increase. However, considering the characteristics of mobile communications, it is not appropriate to change the frequency for each narrow service area; for example, type 2 IH! For each J20-n management area, calls made and received within that area will be charged a flat rate, etc.
In some cases, it may be appropriate to use a broad time system.

(3) Call Receiving Operation The present invention has been described above with respect to a call originating from the mobile radio 650, but the flow of the operation of receiving a call to the mobile radio 50 will be explained below using FIG. 6Δ and FIG. 6B. Here, one of the many wireless base stations 30, 30-1, is shown as a representative.

For example, a mobile radio device 50 or the like existing near the radio base station 30-1 is on standby on one control channel that is commonly used by all radio base stations 30.

However, in a system with a relatively large and small zone configuration, each non-P! The control channel transmitted from the base station 30 may be different, and in this case, the control channel for reception is different for each radio base station 30. In such a system, the mobile radio 50 is on standby for one of the downlink control channels. Also, a plurality of wireless base stations 30
The communication with the terminal will involve the procedure for applying diversity described in (4).

Now, in FIG. 1A, from the telephone network 10 to the barrier switch 19
Assume that an incoming call signal addressed to mobile radio II50 enters radio system control device 20 via. The ID identification storage unit 24 in the first type exchange hall 20-I inspects incoming call signals,
Assume that when the ID of the called party is checked, one or more radio base stations 30 whose location is currently registered is found. Then, via the communication control unit 21, the mobile radio 50 is searched for all radio base stations whose locations are registered. An incoming call signal addressed to the base station 30 is sent to the base station 4 (S271, FIG. 6A).

Each radio base station 30 that received this signal
D identification storage unit 34 (C) is searched and I of the mobile radio device 50 is searched.
When confirming that D is stored there, it sends an incoming call and communication channel designation request signal to the mobile radio 50 using the downlink control channel, adding the ID of the radio base station 30-1.

(Nothing!) Mobile radio 5 also performs the same operation on base station 30.
0 will be called at substantially the same time (S272)
.

On the other hand, this incoming call signal is sent to the waiting mobile ir! on the control channel.
jIwN line equipment 50, searches the content of the received signal, and confirms that it is an incoming call signal addressed to the mobile radio device 50 (S273).The incoming call confirmation signal is sent to the radio base station using the uplink control channel. 30-1.30-2. −． 30-n (S274).

Each of the radio base stations 30-1 to 30-n that received the uplink control channel from the mobile radio 150 inspects the quality of the received signal, confirms the ID of the mobile radio a50 that sent the signal, and
75>, an incoming call response signal is sent to the first type exchange 20-I (S276>).

This incoming call response signal to the radio system control device 20 also includes the ID of the mobile radio 150. When this incoming call response signal is received, the first type exchange 20-■ checks whether the ID of the mobile radio 50 is already stored in the ID identification storage section 24, and if it is not stored, , to be registered in the ID identification storage unit 24 along with the quality inspection data of the wireless base station 30-1 (5277), and the response confirmation 1f containing the signal specifying the communication channel along with the stored ID etc.
f1 is sent to the wireless base station 30-1 etc. (3278
).

The radio base station 30-1 that received this response confirmation signal confirms that the ID of the mobile radio 50 has been correctly registered (5279) and whether the channel specified by the first type exchange 20-■ is free. It confirms whether or not the switching is possible (3280, FIG. 6B), and sends a signal indicating whether the switching is approved or rejected to the mobile radio 50 via the downlink control channel (3281).

When the mobile radio MU 50 receives this channel designation signal (32B2> confirms that the designated channel is an empty channel (8283)), it switches to that channel and sends a channel switching completion report to the uplink control channel. (S284).

Confirmed that it was switched to a free channel (8285
>In the wireless base station 30-1, this Chi A? channel, and sends a channel switching completion signal to the first type exchange R20-I (3286>).

When the first type exchange R20-I receives the channel switching completion signal, it operates the communication path control unit 21 to set the communication path to the telephone network 10 via the barrier exchange 19, and switches the switch group 23 such as 5W1-1 is turned on to connect the wireless base station 30-1 and the telephone network 10 (S287).

Therefore, a calling signal is sent from the telephone network 10 side via the barrier switch 19 and the first type switch 20-I (8288
, FIG. 6C), and confirm this at the wireless base station 30-1 (
S289>. Then, a ringing bell signal is sent out on the set communication channel C)-11, and the mobile radio 50 generates a ringing tone (8291).

When the handset on the mobile radio 50 side is lifted up (off-hook) by this ringing tone (S292>, channel C
An off-hook signal is sent via I-11, and wireless base station 3
0-1 (3293), and the first type exchange 20-
I (3294>), and a call is started between the telephone network 10 and the mobile radio 50 (S295>).

When the call ends, the handset is put down, and an on-hook signal and a call end signal are sent to the wireless base station 30-1 via channel C)-11 (S296>), and the wireless base station 30-1 confirms the end of the call. Now, transfer this signal (S297>
. Upon receiving the on-hook signal and the call termination signal, the first type exchange 204 operates the communication control unit 21 and turns off 5W1-1 of the switch group 23 to terminate the call (3298>
.

In the above explanation, even in a system in which the control transceiver installed in the radio base station 30-1 is diverted to a communication channel, the method of repeatedly switching the transmission and reception channels in time as explained in the configuration of the mobile radio device is used. Already on the third move! Even while communicating with the II radio, it is possible to communicate with a newly incoming mobile radio using the control channel (see Figure 1D).

In the system exemplified in (2) call operation and (3) call reception operation described above, the wireless channels are clearly separated into a wireless channel dedicated to control and a wireless channel dedicated to calls. Ta. However, in actual systems, this distinction may not be clear. In such a system, it is possible to perform equivalent operations by using a specific communication channel as the control channel described above.

The above is a second type exchange 11 in which one call is received to the mobile radio device 50.
Not around the Reavis area managed by 20-I,
This was the case when the attack was carried out from the center or from a place a little further inside than the periphery. Next, a case will be described in which an incoming call is made to a mobile radio 150 located around one novice area. In this case, control signals related to the incoming call are exchanged with a plurality of wireless base stations 30 managed by the first type exchange 20-I, similar to the above-described call origination. The second type exchange 112 also manages the plurality of first type exchanges 20-I to set the call path.
A plurality of communication path switches are opened and closed at the same time in the exchange 20 of 0-ff or higher level. The outline of this operation is exactly the same as the operation of the Type 1 exchange 2" O-I described above. However, from a technical point of view, it should be noted that delay time differences occur due to differences in transmission paths, so the countermeasures described in the previous section should be taken. This can be solved by dripping.

(4) Application of diversity during low traffic times Due to the call originating and receiving operations as explained in sections (2) and (3), mobile radio transmits 50% to ordinary telephones within the telephone network 10.
Suppose that communication has started between two mobile radios (or between two mobile radios in the system).

In this case, the radio base station 3 with which the mobile radio 11fi50 communicates
0 is one, and the communication traffic state within the system, at least the traffic state in the vicinity of the mobile radio device 50, is assumed to be busy hour, that is, not the busiest time (
The same implementation is possible even when the number of wireless base stations 30 is two or more).

Then, the mobile radio device 50 starts preparing to perform diversity transmission and reception. Therefore, the control section 58 in the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B sends an operation start command signal to each of the transmission switching controller 67C and the reception switching controller 65C, and also sends an operation start command signal to the currently working synthesizer 55-
1 and 56-1, synthesizers 55-n and 5
6-n requests frequency oscillation so that the control channel CH30 can transmit and receive data. At the same time, the control unit 58 starts sending control signals to the wireless transmission circuit 66. This control signal includes the ID of the mobile radio device 50, the type of communication (type of voice, data, etc.), and the channel number currently in use, and is transmitted to the surrounding wireless base station 30 that is not currently in communication. request to start the diversity transmission/reception operation. However, the above conditions for the radio base station 30 are such that if the radio base station 30 has the configuration shown in FIG. 1D, FIG. 1E, or FIG. 1F,
This condition can be relaxed because it is possible to talk to a new mobile radio even if the user is currently communicating with a third party's mobile radio.

As a result of the above operation, the output of the transmitting mixer υ61 of the mobile radio 50 includes the control channel C)-150 in addition to the currently communicating channel Call, while the receiving mixer 63 receives the currently communicating channel Call. In addition to receiving the communication channel C)-11, it is also possible to receive the control channel. This is (5
This is explained in detail in the section ``Channel switching operation during a call.''

The control signal transmitted from the mobile radio device 50 is sent to a plurality of nearby radio base stations 30-2, 30-3.・
..., 30-n. Then, the radio base station 30-2, which is one of them, inspects the quality of the received signal and the content of the signal, and finds that the quality of the signal received from the mobile radio device 50 is above a certain value, and immediately starts communication. Once it has been determined that the quality will not deteriorate and there is no possibility of interference occurring, the ID of the wireless base station 30-2 and the available wireless channel 1? Channel number (
For example, the mobile radio 1150 transmits a control signal including CH2> etc.
and reports that it is possible to send and receive diversity.

This signal is received by the radio receiving circuit 68 of the mobile radio device 50 and transmitted to the control section 58. The control unit 5 that received this
8, as a result of examining the signals sent from the wireless base station 30-2, it is determined that it is appropriate to perform diversity transmission and reception, and the synthesizers 55-2 and 56-
2, the wireless base 830 communicates on channel CI-12.
-2, requires the generation of a local oscillator frequency.

In addition, the communication control unit 21 in the first type exchange 20-I operates the switch group 23 to send the call signal currently being communicated to the radio base station 30-2 in parallel to the radio base station 30-2. Request to send.

Upon receiving this request, the first type exchange 20-I sends voice signals, that is, voice signals from general telephones, to the wireless base station 30-2 as well as to the wireless base station 30-1, in accordance with the request from the wireless base station 30-2. It also starts transmitting with the same signal.

The radio base station 30-2 that has received this voice signal adds the ID of the radio base station 30-2, etc. to the mobile radio device 50, and sends it out on the radio channel C1''2. On the other hand, since the mobile radio device 50 is ready to receive the radio channel CH2, after inspecting the output of the radio receiving circuit 68 that received this signal, if the quality is good, the audio signal is transmitted to the telephone section 59.
Then, the control signal can be transmitted to the control section 58.

By performing the above operations, mobile radio device 50 enters a diversity transmission/reception state with radio base stations 30-1 and 30-2.

The diversity transmission/reception execution request signal transmitted from the mobile radio device 50 described above to the radio base station 30 in the vicinity thereof is transmitted to radio stations 30-3.
30-4. . , 30-n have also received the same response signal, and a radio base station suitable for these conditions should have transmitted a response signal similar to that of 30-1 to the mobile radio device 50.

Therefore, in the control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 or the first type exchange 20-1, when it is desired to perform diversity transmission and reception with a large number of radio base stations, the above-mentioned radio base station 30-2 If all operations work normally, diversity transmission and reception is started with, for example, the wireless base station 30-3.

Hereinafter, by the same operation as above, the radio base station 30- which is closest to the mobile radio 850, is not currently in communication, and whose communication quality satisfies a certain standard required for the system or higher.
3.30-4. . . , 30-n, diversity transmission and reception is similarly started. The multiplicity of diversity is the number of radio base stations 30 that can communicate or the multiplicity of simultaneous transmission and reception provided in the mobile radio device 50, that is, in the case of FIG.
-1 to 55-n or 56-1 to 55-n.

In the above explanation, it was assumed that the radio channels used as diversity are all different, but this is not necessarily necessary. The operations are performed in exactly the same way.

Furthermore, although the above explanation assumes that the call traffic in the system is not busy, the traffic state is measured at each wireless base station 30, and if the traffic increases sequentially, the multiplicity of diversity Restrictions will be sequentially added to this, and at the busiest time, the state will shift to a multiplicity of 1, ie, no diversity. However, by differentiating the reduction of multiplicity depending on the type of communication being carried out (voice, data, facsimile, etc.), it becomes possible to perform systematic processing such as making broadband communication less susceptible to multiplicity restrictions. The present invention has features such as being able to ensure good communication regardless of the type of communication.

In addition, one type 1 replacement 1fi20-I glue'-bis.
Application of diversity around the area can also be carried out in the same way as the above-mentioned calling/receiving operations around the service area.

(5> Explanation and theoretical basis for channel switching during a call and the diversity effect. n-1 radio base stations 30 and one mobile radio device 50 are communicating using n-1 channels. During the process, if the quality of communication in one of the channels falls below a certain value, the communication between another wireless base station 30 that satisfies the certain communication quality and is not currently communicating. Prior to switching to one channel (new channel) and communicating, the switching receiving means and the switching transmitting means are switched at a speed that does not affect the communication signal, and n-2 is continuously transmitting and receiving.
If you temporarily transmit and receive the old channel and the new channel in parallel, and during that time check the quality of the new channel and confirm that it is above a certain level, the channel switching operation will be performed. communication was terminated, and communication was started using n-1uA wireless channels, including a new channel. Therefore, instantaneous communication interruptions due to channel switching are no longer caused. In addition, it has become possible to reduce the transmitting and receiving diversity effect by 1q even when channel switching is not performed.

FIGS. 18 to 1-2 show system configurations for explaining an example of this operation. This will be explained below with reference to these figures.

The mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) (hereinafter simply abbreviated as 50) has a synthesizer 55 1 * 55 2 m.
..., 55-(n-1>), a wireless base station 30-1, 30-2.
..., 30- <n-1> and communication channels CH1, C
Suppose that communication is in progress using H2,..., CH (n-1>).Before moving!150 moves away from the radio base station 30-1 and approaches the radio base 830-rl.Then, the mobile radio As the relative distance between the device 50 and the wireless base station 30-1 increases, the call quality begins to deteriorate, so the S/N monitoring unit 56 of the first type exchange 20-I detects that the S/N ratio is lower than level 11. (detecting a decrease).
Even at level L1, the line is set to exceed the required value.

The first type exchange 120-I requests all nearby wireless base stations 30 to measure the quality of the transmitted signal of the mobile wireless device 50. In response to this request, currently mobile radio equipment 50
Each wireless base station 30 that is not in communication with the communication base station 30 reports the measured value to the first type exchange 20-I.

The S/N monitoring unit 22 of the first type exchange 120-I, which has obtained information such as the C/N value sent from each wireless base station 30-n, compares these multiple pieces of information and finds that the wireless base station 30
-n has the best value, and it is confirmed that it satisfies the quality standard level 2 or higher, provided that L2>11, then the mobile radio 650 transmits the radio base station 30-n.
It is determined that the communication zone (Zone n) has approached the vicinity of the communication zone (Zone n), and it is decided to perform channel switching.

Then, as a result of investigating available communication channels in zone n, it is learned that dual Cl-1n can be used, as informed by the wireless base station 30-n. Therefore, the call channel CH1 (or CH2,...
・, C) -1n-1 or a control channel (which may be used, but in the following section 31, it will be referred to as CHl), the communication channel Ctln is transmitted to the mobile radio device 50 by a control signal.
to prepare for sending and receiving.

At the same time, it instructs the wireless base station 3 Q-n to perform transmission and reception on channel CI-I n.

After issuing these instructions, the first class exchange 20-I
The switch 5W1-n of the switch details 23 is also turned on, and the wireless base station 30-n starts transmitting audio signals using the communication channel "1. In this case, it goes without saying that the modulation of the modulator of the wireless base station is The depth and signal phase are also substantially the same as those of the other radio base stations 30-2, 30-3, . . . , 30-n.

In order to realize the transmission of this control signal, specifically, when the control signal is an analog signal, as shown in Fig. 2 (
a>, the communication channel 1 channel band C, 3 to 3.
Low frequencies fDO outside 0KI-1z (e.g. about 100
1-(z) or higher frequency f, 1°f, 2. f
, 3.・f, 8 (Tatoe G, f3.8KH2 Kara 0
゜8 waves up to 4.5KH2 at IKl-IZ intervals,
However, n=6 (togi) is used.

When there are many items to be controlled, that is, a large amount of control data, the wave number of the control frequency f, o to f158 may be increased roughly.
It is also possible to take the form of a subcarrier. At this time, more control data can be transmitted by applying frequency modulation or amplitude modulation to one or more waves of fDO""fD8, for example.

Furthermore, when a digital data signal is used as a control signal, it is also possible to digitally encode the audio signal and transmit both in a time-division manner, which is illustrated in Figure 2 (b), which has already been explained. Do as shown below.

Figure 3 shows the timing before and after channel switching of this system shown in Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C.
Char ten is shown.

In FIG. 3 explaining the channel switching operation, the wireless base station 30-1 and the channel switching operation are shown. l! The S/N monitoring unit 22 of the first type exchange 20-I detects that the quality of channel C1]1 used with I radio a50 has decreased to 1 or less, and the S/N monitoring unit 22 of the first type exchange 20-I -n uses channels C1-11 to instruct the mobile radio device 50 to start preparing to receive the transmitted radio waves from -n in parallel.

Therefore, the mobile radio device 500 control unit 58 controls the synthesizers 55-1, 55-2. ...a 55-(n-1
) using channel CI-11 for radio base station 3
Radio base station 30 with 0-1 transmission wave, channel CH2
-2 transmission wave,..., channel Ct-1n -
1, the synthesizer 55p is also activated and the channel CH transmitted from the radio base station 30-n is received.
A frequency is generated in the synthesizer 55r) so that it can also receive the n transmitted waves.

Thus, due to the quality deterioration of the channel CI-11 being transmitted from the radio base station 30-1, the radio base station 30-1
Just as communication with the wireless base station 3 is about to be stopped,
Communication with 0-n and channel (:, @n is started.

′? t, the mobile radio device 50 continues the repetitive switching of the changeover switch 64-1 receiving the changeover drive input signal from the reception changeover controller 65C. At the same time, the synthesizer 56-1.56-2. ..., 56-
Activate (n-1>, channel C)-11~CI
-+n-1, the wireless base stations 30-1 to 30-
(n-'l), the synthesizers 55-n are also operated, and the data is transmitted to the wireless base station 30-n.
The state is changed to a state in which transmission can be performed using channel CHn. Synthesizer 56-1 used for this transmission.
The outputs of 56-2..., 56-n are connected to the selector switch 64.
-2, repetitive switching is performed by the switching drive input signal from the transmission switching controller 67C.

CH1/NEL C)-11 and CI-12,...,C
This switching transmission/reception period during which Hn is transmitted and received in parallel is
Confirmation of channel CI-1n continues until the first type exchange 20-I confirms that the quality of the same channel is at a certain level 2 or higher, and then releases the channel CI-1n and connects the wireless base station. 30-2.30-3. ....

Communication between 30-n and mobile radio 50 is continued without interruption only by chitnels Cl-12, Cl-13, . . . , C@n.

Switching switches 64-1, 6 during this switching transmission/reception period
The switching frequency f1 of 4-2 is determined to be, for example, 2n times or more the highest frequency included in the signal. This will be explained in detail below.

The optimum value of the switching frequency is determined by considering the following conditions.

1) Modulation format of the signal to be transmitted 2) Transmission signal frequency band 3) Control frequency band to be transmitted 4) Band characteristics of the transmitter/receiver section, especially the band characteristics of the high frequency filter installed at the antenna input end 5 ) Waveform characteristics of the switching controller 6) Response characteristics of the frequency synthesizer 7) Number of used channels 17 in the WI transmission/transmission station frequency system 8 Radio wave propagation characteristics of the transmission path 9) Wireless transmission from the first type exchange 20-I Transmission delay due to the difference between the signal transmission path from the base station 30-1 to the mobile radio 1ff150 and the signal transmission path from the first type exchange 1a20-1 to the mobile radio 50 via the radio base station 30-2. For example, if 1) is frequency modulation and 2) is an audio signal, then C
, 3 to 3.0 KHz, 3) When using an out-of-band control signal shown in FIG. 2(a), C, 3 KHz.
Below (fDo) is 3.8~4゜5 KHz ('l”
Dl, f o2・f 1)B). 4), the passband width is 16KH2 (or 8Kl-I
The synthesizer 7 should be selected keeping in mind that the response characteristics of the synthesizer in 6) are good and the output waveform is good as the characteristics of 5). Immediately rapid response characteristics are desired depending on the input.

Items 7) to 9) are items to be considered from the system design perspective, but in the car phone system described as an embodiment of the present invention, item 7) is 900MHz and 600 channels, so the frequency bandwidth used is 15M+-12 (or 120
0 channel is 15 M)-12), 8) is known in many documents, and 9) is C, about 03 msec.

Taking the above into consideration, for example, in a white-service telephone system, the switching frequency of the changeover switch 64-2 of the mobile radio 50 is selected to be approximately 20 X n M t-1z.

The case of reception will be explained below. If the audio signal or control signal is digitized as shown in FIG. 2(b), it is appropriate to use a faster frequency as the switching frequency, and a value of about nX20KH2 to 30KH2 may be used.

Also, channel 1/channel C seen from the input section of receiving mirror 1 and channel 3.
HI, 2.3. ..., n-1, the carrier frequency of n is ω
1. ω2. ..., ω. −1, ω. , also synth → noise b 5 1 * 55 2 + ..., 55 -
<n-1)+55-n output frequency, respectively ω11
．． ω, 2ωLn−1'ω[, then the radio base station 30
-1.30-2-. 3O-(n-1>, 30-n
The frequency of the carrier wave at the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier included in the receive mixer 63 from
w2 (#12 (12)Ωn-1
””n-1-b Ω. -ω, -ωLn (1n>In other words, by the operation of the changeover switch 64-1, the intermediate frequency is sent to the receiver 53 as Ω1='')1-(1)[1 Ω2=(1)2-L2 Ωn- Signal waves having carrier frequencies such as 1 = "n-1" Ln-1 Ωn = "low -" Ln are sequentially input. Then, (1) and (12)...

Equation (1) is Ω la Ω 〒・・・・・・→Ω = Ω (2) 1
The relationship is 2n-1n. After such a signal is amplified in the receiving section, it is demodulated in the demodulation circuit, or it is divided into n intermediate frequencies ω1-"L1 ω2-" and 2 n-I Ln-1 ω-(1)Ln. If there is a frequency difference between them, the demodulated output signal will have
There are cases where distortion noise occurs and cases where it does not. In other words, in the case of frequency modulation or phase modulation, if there is no frequency difference, no distortion noise will occur, but if there is a frequency difference, and the frequency difference (beat frequency) contains the same component as the signal frequency, distortion noise will not occur. will occur, and will not occur if it is not included.

On the other hand, in the case of amplitude modulation, no distortion noise occurs even if there is a frequency difference. However, even in the case of amplitude modulation, if an intermediate frequency amplifier or the like has nonlinear characteristics, nonlinear distortion will occur due to harmonics, so it is necessary to use an amplifier with good linearity.

Reception mixer 6 of mobile radio 1150 as described above
CHI, CH2, ·, cho-1 and CH to the input of 3
Even if the local oscillation frequency for n is cyclically added and received, there is no abnormality in communication, and the transition from channel CH1 to channel CHn can be performed without any momentary interruption (no noise mixed in).
The reason why there is a receiving diversity effect will be explained theoretically.

First, a case where an angle modulated wave is used will be explained.

A data or audio signal (as opposed to a signal in analog or digital form) can be expressed as .

In addition, the control signal that exists outside the installation is: where ai is the amplitude, ωi is the angular frequency of the signal,
ai represents the phase when 1=0. m.

n represents a positive integer.

Next, the case of frequency modulation will be explained, but the present invention is similarly applicable to phase modulation. When the carrier wave is frequency modulated using equation (3) or equations (3) and (4), the modulated wave 1q is: I= I□ sin f (ω 0 μ(t)) dt=ho
sin(ω15(t)) (5>or 1=IoSinf(ω+μ([)10μ.(t))dt=
I □ sin (ωt+5(t) 15c(t))
(5') However, rJ = aH/ωi (i=1.2.3..."))
As a result, 5(
t)+s. (1) represents a transmission signal in the form of - boat fishing.

Now, using equation (5) or (5'), radio base stations 30-1, 30-2.・, 30- (n-1>, 30
-n is input to the reception mixer 63 via the antenna of the mobile radio 1150, and the local oscillation frequency (in the case of FIG.
．． When mixed with . can be expressed. (However, the changeover switch 64-1 is in a stopped state).

1- =I□BS! n (Ω・t+5(t) +SoH
(t))<r=1.2. ..., n) Next, assume that the changeover switch 64-1 starts the changeover operation. Also, the wireless base station 3o= (+=1.2...
, n), the audio signal s(t) and the control signal S. 1(t
) are sent as inputs to the receiving section 53 of the mobile radio device 50, 1= (Iol,/n) [
1+2, El(n/m'yr) )xsin (m
yr/n)cosmpt]xsin (Ω1t 10S
(j) + 5C1(t) )+ (1(,2/n)
[1+2i, (n/ml) x sin (mπ/n) x cos mp (t-27U/ (rl)) ] x
sin (Ω2 15(t) +5o2(t) ) 10(Io3/n) [1+2i1(n/mπ))xsin
(mπ/n> xcos mp (t-4yr/ (no) )]
xsin (Ω3t+5(t) +5o3(t) ) ten... +(I□n/n) [1+2Σ (rl/rT1π))m
:1 xsin (mπ/n> xcos mp (t -2(n-1) π/ (np
) ) ]
)) However, p is the switching angular frequency, m is a positive odd number, and n
The switching times for each input wave were set at equal intervals.

When the right side of equation (7) is transformed, it becomes the following equation.

1 = (I01/ n > [sin (Ω1t+
U1 (t))+(n/π) sin(π/n> x[cos((Ω1 1)) t+U1(t) )−c
os((Ω1 +D) t+U1 (t) ) ]+(
n/3;rr) sin (3π/n>x[cos((Ω
13 p ) t +U1 (t) ]-cos((Ω
1 +3 p> t+U1 (t) ) ]+ (n1
5π) sin (5yr/n) x [cos((Ω1
5p) i+U1 (t))-cos ((Ω1
+5D)i-u1(t))
】＋・・・・・・
]+(102/rl) [sin (Ω2 t
+U2(t))+(n/π)sin(π/n)x[cos((Ω2D)t+U2(t))−
cos((Ω2 +p) t +U2 (t))
] + (n/3π) sin (3π/n) x [cos
((Ω2-3p)i+U2 (t))-cos((Ω2
+39> t+U2 (t))]+r)15π)s
in (5π/n>x[cos((Ω2-5p>t+
U2 (t))-cos((Ω2 +5 D) t +
U2 (t) )] +・・・・・・
]+(10,/n) [sin (Ω
. t+U, (t))+(n/π) sin(π/n) x[cos((Ω-p)t+U.(t))-cos(
(Ω +p)t+U, (t))]] +(n/3π)sin (37T/n)x[cos((
Ω. -3p)t+U,(t))-cos((Ω. +
3p) t-t U. (1))]+(n1
5π) sin(5π/'')) x[cos((Ω,-5p)t+u,(t))-cos
((Ω, +5o)t-1n(t)) ]+・・・・・・
] However, Akira (
t) =s(t) +5oH(t)(i=-+, 2.・
..., n) Here, looking at equation (8), it is a combination of many carrier waves, so if it is demodulated after being amplified with an intermediate frequency amplifier, it will generally result in distortion noise due to cross modulation (interference disturbance). There is a possibility that this may occur.

Furthermore, the amplitude I of the input wave is expressed by equation (8). 1゜IO2
,..."on does not necessarily have the same amplitude, but if the switching time occupancy is made equal (duty 100/n
%), because the wireless base station 30-2 is closer than the wireless base station 30-1, it is usually ■. 2. Io3.・・・
, Ion is larger. Iol.

If the sizes of the signals, such as 102, are different, there is a possibility that cross modulation will occur. There are two types of cross-modulation generation factors: one caused by the combination of many m transmission waves shown in equation (8) above, and the other caused by different IOLs, 102, etc.

Now, regarding cross-modulation caused by combining many carrier waves as shown in equation (8), distortion noise can be removed by the following method.

In other words, there is a method of increasing the switching speed of the changeover switch 64-1 so that it is outside the bandpass characteristic of the intermediate frequency amplifier. However, as already mentioned, in many cases where the switching frequency is set to 2n times or more the highest frequency of the signal, there is no need to make it any faster. By increasing the speed, m = 1 on the right side of equation (7).
As can be seen from formula (8), the term 3゜5... can be ignored in the intermediate frequency amplification stage, and (8)
The formula can be expressed as below.

I=1/n [1015in(Ω1t+sm+5o1(
t) ) +Io2sin(Ω2t+5(t) +5c2(t)
) 10I On sin (Ωn-1 15(t) +5
cn(t) > ] In formula (9), Ω = Ω =...Ω = Ω = Ω (10
)1 2 n-11 so2(t) =...=soo-1(t) =
Suppose that it is possible to set so, , (t) = 0. In fact, equation (10) (after) is technically possible, and equation (11) (before) is possible from the radio base station 30-1 (or in the latter half of channel switching) from the radio base station 30-1 (or in the latter half of channel switching). -n
Equation (11) holds true if only the control signal to be transmitted (only from) is considered. Then, equation (9) can be transformed as follows.

I=1/n [Iol 5in(Ωt+5(t) 10s
. 1(t) )+ (I 02+I 03+...
・10(0n)xsin(Ωt+5(t))]
(12) Equation (12) is transformed into the following equation.

xcos s (t) >172 xsin(Ω t −t s (t) 10 β
(1) ) ](13') I ""02"IO2""""IOn(13'
M (13), (13') In formula Iol<<In (14>5c(
Since t)k1(14')'', equation (13) becomes approximately as follows.

I= (1/n> x I, sin (Ωt +
s (t) ten S. (t)) Looking at equation (15), this is a switching reception diversity system with n-branch antenna power, and as a result of so-called linear synthesis, in which the signals are switched and received and then combined directly, the input electric field is low. 101 and synthesized using input signals with a high input electric field.Therefore, it has been revealed that the present invention has a receiving diversity effect.

From equation (14), the output of the frequency discrimination circuit (radio receiving circuit 6
8) is expressed by the following equation.

E=d/dt (s(t) +s.(t))=μ(1)
Ten μ. (1) where μ(1) and μ. ([) is (3) respectively
and (4).

Note that equation (14) is always satisfied in normal mobile communication systems and is not a particularly limiting condition.

It applies deep modulation to the main audio signal compared to the control signal, and shallow modulation to the control signal.Moreover, the depth of modulation applied to the audio has recently decreased to an equivalent level of 1 KHz.
) signal is shallow at 3.5 radians (in the case of 25 to 1-1zlfb 5KH2, it is the same <1.75 radians, which is roughly shallow).

From the above, it has been clarified that equations (10) and (14) are sufficient conditions for no distortion in the case of frequency modulation. The technical conditions for establishing equation (10) will be described below.

Technically to do this, the wireless base station 30-1.30
-2. . , 30-n transmitting units 31-1, 31-2.・
..., 31-n is achieved by increasing the frequency stability of the reference crystal oscillator which determines the stability 1σ of the carrier frequency. For example, in the example of the car telephone system described later, the stability of the reference crystal oscillator installed in the base station is currently about C5 to '1 ppffl (0.5 to 1xlO'), so the carrier wave frequency fluctuates. is lX10'X 900
M) iz = 900112.

In this case, noise is just mixed into the audio signal band.

However, if technological progress has made o, oippm possible, then 1 x 10' x 900MHz
-9112, and even if there is a harmonic of the noise, there is less possibility that the artificial energy will mix into the signal band. Or if the frequency of the carrier wave is 9 M l-I Z
In a wireless system using 1 ppm carrier wave fluctuation, there is no noise mixing even with current technology.

The case where the mobile radio device 50 receives is explained above, but the case where the mobile radio device 50 transmits will be explained below.

In FIG. 1B, the wireless signals switched by the changeover switch 64-2 are, for example, wireless channels 11 CF+1. CH
2, . . . , CHn are sequentially switched, but the receiving side is the radio base station 30-1 (C111>).

3O-2 (CI-12), ..., or wireless base station 3
O-n (Ct-1n) and received separately by the mobile radio 5.
There is no cross-modulation problem when mixed as in the case of receiving on the 0 side. However, as is clear from equation 8), there are components of the carrier angular frequency (Ω±np>) as sidebands, so these are emitted into space and interfere with the communication of other channels or other systems. It is necessary to provide a bandpass filter at the transmission output section for filtering so as not to cause any interference.

For this purpose, it is necessary to spread the equation (Ω±r]p) outside the frequencies of all channels transmitted by the mobile radio 150 as a switching frequency, and the mobile phone shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B used in the example In the scheme, p/(2π) > l
'5X nM)-! It needs to be Z.

This will be explained below using formulas. However, the 16 characters used in the formula are the same as above unless otherwise specified. for example,
The transmission signal appearing at the output of the transmission mixer 61 in FIG. 1F.1 is expressed by the following equation.

I= 1□ [1+2, Fl(n/(m,W))
xsin (mπ/n)cosmpt]xsin (
Ω1t+5(t) +s. (t))+I. [1+21
．． (n/ (rT171-) )XSin (my
r/n) XCO5mp(t-27r/ (np>)]xsin
(Ω2t+5(t)+5o(t)) 10I O[1+2
il(' / (mπ) )xsin (mπ/n> xcos mp (t-4π/ (no))1xsin
(Ω3t+5(t)+5o(t)) 10...+I□ [1+2 Yj, 1(n/ D"π))xs
in (myr/n) xcos mp (t-2(n-1) 7C/ (rl
) )xsin (Ω, 15(t)+so(t))m
=1.2,5. p is a switching angular frequency, m is a positive odd number, and switching times for n input waves are set at equal intervals.

When equation (13) is transformed, an equation similar to equation (8) is obtained. Then, when the equation (q) is passed through a bandpass filter having the effect as described above, the following equation is obtained as an output horn signal.

[=[osin(Ω1 to 15(t) +s.(t))+
Iosin(Ω2 t+5(t) +S.(t)) 1 □5in(Ω, t+5(t) +s.(t)) In the above equation, the first term on the right side is for wireless base station 3o-1, and the second term is for wireless base station 3o-1. The following paragraph 1 is for the 30-i version, and each signal has the same formula as in normal frequency modulation transmission.

The uplink signal of channel CHI is transmitted from the wireless base station 30-1.
．． The upstream signal of channel Cl-12 is received by channel 30-2, and the upstream signal of channel C)-11 is received by channel 30-n. These received signals are demodulated and sent to the first type exchange 20.
-I and other necessary devices. Alternatively, if the wireless base station 30-1 has the configuration shown in FIGS. 1E and 1, the upstream signal of channel CHI is
1 transceiver 90-1. The upstream signal of channel CH2 is transmitted to transmitter/receiver 90-2. Chiki Nell CH in the following order
After the uplink signals of n are received and demodulated by the transmitter/receiver 9 Q-n of 30-1, they are mixed and sent to the first type exchange 1f!
The information may be transmitted to a necessary device such as 20-I.

As is clear from the above description, by using the multiplex transmission method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the signal diversity effect by 1q in the receiving section.

In the first type exchange 20-I, the wireless base station 30-1.30
-2. −． Among the [) signals from the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2. ...
, 30-n.

In addition, when mixing, radio base stations 30-2, 30-3.
. . , 30-n has better transmission quality than 30-1, so they may be mixed as is, or may be mixed with an output proportional to S/N. In other words, the reception diversity effect is reduced by jq.

The transmitting/receiving diversity effect of the present invention has been described above, and the method for increasing the effect will be described in detail below.

First, regarding reception diversity, in the sequential switching method described above, each synth
5-1155-21..., 55-n connection duration (
duty time) were assumed to be equal. however,
This is not always necessary; rather, the diversity effect can be increased by connecting for a relatively long time to a wireless channel with a receiving input with a good S/N ratio. For this purpose, a part of the reception section is synchronized with the changeover switch 64-1, detects the signal-to-noise ratio at that time, and transmits this to the control section 58, thereby changing the frequency of the output of the reception switching controller 65C. This makes it possible to achieve the above objectives. Although this is possible with the configuration shown in FIG. 1B, in order to simplify the technical explanation, the configuration not shown in FIG. 1G will be described below.

The difference in this figure from FIG. 1B is that the radio receiving circuit 68
Apart from this, a C/N measurement receiving section 52, a receiving mixer 73,
and a changeover switch 64-3 are installed, and a changeover switch 64-3 is installed.
The control 4-3 is performed by the control section 58B. The operation shown in FIG. 1G will be explained below.

In the figure, a reception mixer 73 is installed at the front stage to operate the C/N measuring reception section 52. A part of the reception signal received by the mobile radio 50B is added to the reception micouri 73. The output from the changeover switch 64-3 is added as the local oscillation frequency to the reception mixer 73. However, this changeover switch 64-3 does not need to be switched at a high speed like the other changeover switches 64-1 and 64-2, and a low speed of, for example, 101-IZ is sufficient.

Then, the C/N measurement receiving section 5 is placed in a position where the selector switch 64-3 or the output of the synthesizer method analyzer 55-1 is turned on.
The control unit 5 controls the C/N value of channel Cl-11 measured in step 2.
Transmit to 8B. Next, the C/N of the switching channel CH2 in which the selector switch 64-3 is in a position to turn on the output of the synthesizer 55-2 is measured. In the following order, when the output of synthesizer '55-n is turned on, the C/N of channel C)-1n is measured, and the control unit 58B measures the C/N of channel C)-1n.
to communicate. The control unit 58B uses these values to control the switching frequencies of the reception switching controller 65G and the transmission switching controller 67C so that they each operate at a speed inversely proportional to the C/N, for example.

In order to enable the above operation, it is necessary to make some changes to the method of transmitting signals from each of the radio base stations 30, which will be explained below.

Now, if we reproduce the above equation (9), we get ! =, ΣIo; 5in(Ω, 1 1=1 +s (t) 1 S ・(t)> (9) (i='
l, 2. ..., n) In equation (9), the control signal transmitted from each radio base station 30 includes the ID of the radio base station 30, and this ID is used to change the duty of the above-mentioned changeover switch. is necessary, so it is impossible to write 5ci=O (i=1.2...,n) and iJ3< as in the above-mentioned equation (11). So in this case (
Although the formula (10) holds true, the formula corresponding to the formula (12) is as follows.

1 =, Call I □HS! n (Ωt +5(t)+s ・(t)) (17)(17)
Each S in the formula. Since 1(t) is a sufficient ratio compared to 1 (however, the constant term is omitted), the following equation is approximately used as an equation corresponding to equation (15).

1 = I n sin (Ωt+5(1) ten, 5 S
. 1(t) >(18> 11, = (,,; Ioi2)1/2 In order to demodulate the signal expressed by the formula (18) and extract the control signal transmitted from each wireless base station 30, , 5oi(t) by making the frequency components of the signals different,
It is possible to perform uraha using uraha equipment.

Therefore, by measuring the C/N of each radio channel, adding the ID of the radio base station 3° that sent the signal, and sending it to the control unit 58B, the control unit 58B measures the C/N of each radio channel, that is, each radio It becomes possible to determine the reception (or transmission) duty time for each base station 30 in relation to the C/N value.

In order to achieve the above effects with the configuration shown in FIG. 1B, each radio base station 30-1, 30-2. ...
, 30-n, the control signal 5C1(t) transmitted from
, 5C2(t)..., 5cn(1) individually, and a communication quality monitoring means such as measuring the signal-to-noise ratio may be provided for each of them. . Then, this measured value is reported to the control unit 58, and the changeover switch 64-1 is operated with a switching duty according to the signal-to-noise ratio.

By operating the receiving section 53 of the mobile radio R50 as detailed above, it is possible to increase the transmitting and receiving diversity effect.

Next, a method for increasing the reception diversity effect will be briefly described. Figure 1H shows the mobile radio device 5 in this case.
An example of the configuration of 0C is shown.

In FIG. 11-1, the input radio wave (input signal) to the mobile radio n, 50C is divided into n-1-1 equal parts at the antenna input section, and each radio wave is divided into n-1-1 equal parts by the radio receiving circuit 68-1.68-2°...
, 68-n and the interference detector 62. In each of the radio reception circuits 68-1 to 68-n, reception mixers 63-1, 63-2, . Gagu (ii
a, and each of the reception mixers 53-1 to 53-n includes a synthesizer 55-L55-2. ..., 55
The local oscillation frequency from -n is input. Therefore, in the configuration of FIG. 11-1, there is no reception changeover switch 64-1, and each radio channel C)-11, CI-12, -, C
It is possible to receive and demodulate the I-1n signal.

In addition, some of the output signals from these receiving units 53-1 to 53-n are sent to the control unit 58C, and also to communication quality monitoring units 57-1, 57-2, . ..., 57-n to monitor the communication quality of each wireless channel and report the results to the control unit 58C. The signal is added to the circuit 62, subjected to processing similar to that of a normal diversity receiver (in this case, synthesis after detection), and sent to the telephone section 59.

By adopting the circuit configuration as shown in FIG. 11-1, it is possible to reduce the large divergence day effect by 1q.

As is clear from the above description, the function of the present invention is to predict the frequency shift after switching to a new communication channel by measuring the transmission frequency of the mobile radio IM 50 at the radio base station 30, By setting and using the transmitting channel of the wireless base station that communicates after channel switching at a frequency compatible with this, the feature is that noise due to call interruptions and cross-modulation that occur due to channel switching can be eliminated. Zuro.

Next, the method of using the control signal, which plays an important 190% of the channel switching during a call according to the present invention, will be explained.

In the following description, it is assumed that the configuration shown in FIG. 1B is used.

Wireless base station 30-1.30-2. . . , 3Q-n to the mobile radio device 50 using channels C)-11, C)-12, -, CHn will be described.

When the above-mentioned channel switching preparation operation is completed, the radio receiving circuit 68 of the mobile radio device 50 receives the radio base station 30 1.3.
0 2.・”, 30-n Garanojane/LzCt-I
1, CI-f 2.・、C)-1n communication signal is transmitted, and this is a mobile radio g! ! The signals are sequentially switched by the changeover switch 64-1 in the A50, and the signals are switched and received.

Furthermore, since the changeover switch 64-2 also starts operating, the transmission wave from the mobile radio device 50 also starts to be switched and transmitted.

Here, from the first type exchange 20-I to each wireless base station 30-
The delay time difference due to the difference (within 10 to 2) between each route leading to the mobile radio device 50 via 1 to 30-n is the luxury Q.
, Q3ms or less, so there is no problem with the operation and it can be ignored. Also, wireless base station 30-2.30
-3. ..., 3O-(n-1> for the downlink signal,
Only audio signals or wireless base stations 30-1 and 30
- In addition to the audio signal, the downlink signal from n includes a control signal (an identification signal for identifying the wireless base stations 30-1 and 30-n, and a switching command signal) as shown in Fig. 2<a>. Because it is inserted in the form of an out-of-band signal such as
The radio receiving circuit 6B of No. 0 receives this and transfers it to the control unit 58.

The control unit 58 identifies this signal and sends it to the first type exchange 20.
-I initially sends a channel switching command from the wireless base station 30-1 and then a call signal and ID signal using channel Cl-In from the wireless base station 30-n, and the signal quality is also good. To confirm this, the wireless transmission circuit 68 is used to transmit the communication channel Ct to the wireless base station 30-n using a signal outside the uplink communication signal band.
]n, the first type exchange 2 via the wireless base station 30-n
Report to 0-■.

Since the first type exchange 20-■ has received notification that the communication between the wireless base station 30-'') and the mobile wireless device 50 is working well, the communication control unit 21 Of the 23 switches 5W1-1.1-2゜..., 1-n,
1 to turn off only 5WI-1, while mobile radio 50
, stops transmission to the radio base station 30-1, stops the operation of the synthesizer 55-1 of the mobile radio 8150, and switches the switch 64-1 (FIG. 1B) to the synthesizer 55-2.55. -3. . . , 55n is caused to perform a cyclic switching operation.

These conditions are illustrated in FIG.

Next, from the mobile radio 50, channels C1-11, 01-
12, . . . , C) -1n to the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2. . . , 30-n will be explained.

In the mobile radio 1M50, the reception switching controller 65C and the transmission switching controller 67C are activated in response to instructions from the first type exchange 20-I, and the changeover switches 64-1 and 64-2 are respectively activated. sense 1 noiser 55
1 + 5 J 2 +..., the output of 55-n and 56-1.56-2. ..., 56-n to change the output of channel CH'l, C1-12°..., Cl-
In is in the process of sequentially switching transmission and reception (FIG. 1B). The signals sent to this active communication channel include, in addition to the communication signal, an out-of-band control signal (Fig. 2 (a)) that indicates the status of the channel used by the mobile radio R50 (channels CH1, CH
2,...,C)-In to channel Cl-12,CH
3, . ) has been added.

The uplink signal of channel C[-1i received by the radio base station 30-i (i=1.2..., ")" is demodulated by the receiving unit 53 of the radio base station 3O=, and the demodulated After confirming that there are no defects in the audio signal or out-of-band signal, the first
The data is transferred to the seed exchanger 20-■.

In the first type exchange 20-I, the wireless base station 30-1゜30
-2. . . , 30-n, the audio signals are transmitted from the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2, . . .
, 30-n. First class exchange 20-
I, the radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. ..., 30
- Behind n signals from n, wireless base station 30-1.3
0-2. . . , 30-n, respectively, by the identification signals sent outside the voice band added by the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2, . Confirm that the signals are from channels CH1, Cl-12, . . . , Ct-In from 30-n.

The first type exchange 20-I confirms that the operation to cut off the channel during a call is progressing smoothly, and sends a message to the control unit 38 of the mobile radio 50 via the radio base station 30-n to )-1n, communication with the radio base station 30-1 via channel C)-11 is stopped, and the communication with the radio base station 30-2.
30-3. . . . sends out a command signal to concentrate on communication with 30-n.

In the mobile radio gi50 that has received this control signal, the control section 58 operates to control the synthesizer υi f55-1 and 56-.
1, and change the position of the selector switch 64-1 for selecting the reception chitnel to the position of the synthesizer 55-2, 55-3.
．． . . +55-n are operated in a cyclical switching manner, and the transmission channel selection selector switch 64-2 includes synthesizers 56-2, 56-3, . . . , instructs 55-n to avoid continuing the cyclic switching operation.

As a result, the mobile radio FM 50 changes the channel C
Communication with radio base station 30-1 using I-11 is ended, and radio base stations 30-2, 30-3. ....

30-n and channel/L, Cl-12, Cl-, respectively.
13°..., it enters a state of communicating using Cl-1rl. With this, channel/channel switching is completed, and a state in which communications are being carried out on the new front channel X7 channel group is realized. The switching operations of the uplink channel t' channel and the downlink channel described above are executed in parallel and are completed at approximately the same time.

As is clear from the above explanation, there is no instantaneous interruption even when the channel is being cut, and the noise can be kept to a low level that poses no practical problem.

If any malfunction or non-operation occurs during any of the above operations, the operation will be restarted from the previous operation. Also, if the operation failure is large, the control unit 5
Also included is an operation for returning to the communication channel before the switching operation, which is stored in the memory section built in B.

78 through 7D are flow charts showing the flow of operations of the system shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

Type 1 exchange 120-I, wireless base station 3C)-1゜30-
2. ..., 30-n and the mobile radio device 50 start operating, and the switches 5W1-1.1-2° of the switch group 23 included in the first type exchange UN 20-I..., 1-<
n-1> is on, and the wireless base station 30-1.30-2
．． , 30-(n-1>) is communicating with the mobile radio Ia50.
Channels CH1, CH2, . . . instructed by the communication control unit 21 included in the.

Cl-1-(n-1) downlink frequencies F, F2',...
.

Fn-1 and upstream frequency f1. f2. ..., fn-1 is used (S101, Fig. 7A).

Wireless base station 30-1, 30-2. ....

30-(n-1> constantly outputs a reception status report from the mobile radio 50 (3102), and the S/N monitoring unit 22 of the first type exchange IN 20-I receives the report and checks the call quality. The communication control unit 2 monitors whether or not the call quality has deteriorated below the level L1 (3103).
1 to radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. −． 30-
(n-1>, etc.), the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2..., 3O-(n-1
> used for communication between the mobile radio device 50 and the uplink frequency f1. f2. ..., instructs to monitor and receive the signal of fo-1 (3104).

Each surrounding non-fQ base station 30 that received instructions for monitor reception
(for example, 3O-n), the frequency fi r 1(7)(
ii to monitor reception 3105) and report the result to the S/N monitoring unit 22 of the first type exchange 20-I 5106
), the monitor reception quality from each radio base station 30 is measured and compared, and it is detected that, for example, the communication quality of the radio base station 30-n is better than a certain standard level L2 and is the best (S107YES). Therefore, the communication control unit 21 determines that the mobile radio device 50 has moved from the zone covered by the radio base station 30-1 to the zone covered by the radio base station 30-n (8108, FIG. 7B). 30
-n to search for an empty channel that can be used by the wireless base station 30-n in order to switch to communication with the wireless base station 30-n.
), and as a result, determine the channel CHn (SIIO)
. The communication control section 21 is a transmitter section 51-2 of the mobile radio device 50.
Then, it instructs the receiving unit 53-2 to prepare for communication on channel c t-+n (3111).

A communication preparation command for using this channel Cl-In is sent to the radio base station 30-n, and the communication preparation command for using the channel Cl-In is sent to the radio base station 30-n, and
(3112). This command is simultaneously transmitted from the wireless base station 30-1 by the channel CT 11 (3113). The mobile radio 50 receives the communication preparation command on this channel C)-I n (5114).
, preparation to enable communication via channel CHn,
That is, the frequency F is received from the control unit 58 to the synthesizers 55-n and 55-n, and the frequency F is transmitted to the synthesizers 55-n and 55-n.

The switching oscillator 65 then enters the switching 8 operation (S115, FIG. 7C).

When the mobile radio a50 is ready to communicate using channel CHn, it sends a readiness report to channel Cl-I n
(311
6). Having received this report, the Fjl-free base station 30-n recognizes the completion of preparation in the radio base station 3 Q-n using the channel CHn prepared in step 5112, and issues a report (3117>).

Radio base station 3 Q −n using channel CI-1n
When the first type exchange 20-1 confirms that the preparation for communication between the mobile radio 150 and the mobile radio 150 is completed (3118),
3 switch 5WI-1, 1-2°..., 1-(n-
1> is left on, and the switch 5W1-")b is turned on (5119).

Therefore, the communication control unit 21 included in the first type exchange 20-1
commands the radio base station 30-n to start communication with the mobile radio device 50 using the DI↑・nel C[~1'') (3120).

Upon receiving this communication start command (S121>, the radio base station 30-n transmits a communication start command using channel C1-1n (S122). By the ID signal, which is a signal,
Confirm the start of communication via channel ct-+n 312
3>, Send a communication signal including an ID signal using channel ct-+n Sl 24) The radio base station 30-[) that received this communication signal reports that it has started communication on channel CLl n. (3125).

In response to this report, we confirmed the start of communication on channel 1/channel CI-I n (3126>Class 1 exchange 2O-10)
The S/N monitoring unit 22 performs the transfer! The quality level of communication 3 between the IJ radio device 50 and the radio base station 30-n is measured, and when it is detected that the quality level is equal to or higher than a certain quality level [-2 (S
127YES, FIG. 7D) Instructs the radio base stations 30-1 and 30-n to stop communication using channel C)-11 between the radio base station 30-1 and the mobile radio 50 ( 3128).

As a result, the wireless base station 30-1 uses channel CI-1.
Communication by 1 is turned off (3129). Also, the radio base station 3 which received the command to stop communication by channel C)-11
0-n transfers the command 5130), and when the mobile radio 50 receives the command to stop communication via this channel C)-11 (S131), it stops the operation of the synthesizers 55-1 and 56-1, The changeover switch 64-1 stops switching to the output terminal of the synthesizer 55-1, and the changeover switch 64-2 stops switching to the output terminal of the synthesizer 56-1 (this operation is not necessarily necessary). Although not)
Then, create a QJ with CH(/channel Cl-12,3,..., [), and send a channel CHI communication stop report using channel CHn (3132). The radio base station 30-n uses this channel Cl-1.
1 transfer the communication stop report (3133).

Class 1 exchange 2 received a communication outage report for Ditnel Cl11
The communication control unit 21 of 0-I switches 5W1-2.1-3. of switch n\23. . . , 1-n remains on, and switch 5WI-1 is turned off (3134).

As a result, the period of the disennel switching operation is ended, and with the switches 5WI-2, 1-3, . . . , 1-n in the on state, the downlink frequency of channels F2. F3. ..., ".Upstream frequency f2,
f3. . . , fn, the mobile radio device 50 connects to the radio base station 30-2, 30-3 . −． 30-n, it is possible to continue high-quality communication without momentary disconnections or noise contamination, and with a transmitting/receiving diversity effect of 19 (3135).

(6) Communication channel allocation method for estimating moving direction and speed of mobile radio equipment and traffic width comparison mobile radio equipment 5
It is possible to detect the traveling direction and speed of the mobile radio a50 by measuring and comparing changes in received electric fields or communication quality received by a plurality of radio base stations 30 communicating with the mobile radio a50.

These will be explained below using FIG. 8.

In FIG. 8, 16 circles each indicate small zones 71 to 216 within the υ-bis area, and radio base stations 30-1, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-2,. ..., 30
-16 etc. indicate the areas where communication is possible. The mobile radio device 50 currently communicating is within zone Z6 and is connected to the radio base station 30-2.30-3.30-5.30-
Suppose that communication is being performed with seven stations, 6.30-7.30-1C and 30-11, applying diversity. Mobile radio g] 50 is moving in the direction of the arrow in FIG. , and these values are collected into the first type exchange 120-■. In the first type exchange TA 20-I, by comparing these measurement results, the moving direction and speed of the mobile radio device 50 are estimated by the following method.

First, it can be estimated that the moving direction is toward the wireless base station (3O-7 in FIG. 8) where the observed input received electric field level changes in the direction in which it increases most rapidly. In order to obtain reliable results, it is important to choose the measurement duration appropriately. However, this is a mobile radio device 50
It is largely related to the speed of That is, since the radio wave propagation characteristics change from moment to moment, it is possible to eliminate variations in the measured values by measuring at intervals of a certain length of time (3 to 10 seconds in the case of a car). 8th
In the figure, when the measurement results obtained in this way are expressed in order from the radio base station 30 with the largest increase in the input electric field, for example, 30-7>30-11>3C)-3, and the decrease in the input electric field is as follows. If expressed in order from the largest radio base station 30, it would be as follows: 30-6>30-10>30-2>36-5.

Furthermore, the moving speed can be estimated by comparing it with the radio wave propagation curve, which is calculated by 1q from the radio wave propagation characteristics.

By using the above measurement results, the mobile radio 1150
After estimating the destination of the mobile radio 150 and investigating the communication traffic situation of the destination radio base station 30, the state in which the communication traffic situation of the radio base station 30 of the destination is estimated and the congestion state is determined is based on the type of communication of the mobile radio 150 that is communicating with the radio base station 30. It becomes possible to reduce the number of stations 30. Next, when the traffic congestion does not extend over one zone but over multiple zones, wide-area congestion comparison measures are required. This is a phenomenon that occurs in car phone systems, etc. in the city center of Obekai, and is
-6.30-7. and 30-11 are in a traffic congestion state. Application of the present invention in this regard will be explained in detail.

In zone Z11 there is a mobile radio Bl 50 a,
Assume that the vehicle is moving in the direction of the arrow and sends out a call signal. This call signal is collected at the first type exchange [120-K], and the communication channel to be assigned is determined.However, when the traffic is not congested,
7.30-1C, 30-11.30-12.30-14
．． 30-15, etc., are allocated (diaperity transmission and reception is performed). However, when comparing the traffic width in the above three zones (Z6, 7.11>), 30-6, 30-7 and 30-11
channels are not allocated. In this case, as a communication partner, the wireless base station 30 with good call quality is naturally 30-11.
However, due to the mountain range mentioned above, it cannot be assigned. If the multiplicity of diversity is 4 times (30-10, 30-
12, 30-14, 30-15>, the first type exchange 20-I can estimate the moving direction and moving speed of the mobile radio 50a, so the wireless base station in the moving direction Assign channels to be used in 30-8 and 30-16. Therefore, the mobile radio 50a is in zone Z11.
Even though the user is located at the remote location, the user starts communicating with the wireless base stations 30-8 and 30-16, which are far away.

By applying the channel allocation described above, it becomes possible to take countermeasures against congestion in high-density areas of 1 to 500 yen, which have not been solved using conventional system technology.

In addition, in order to estimate the moving speed of the mobile radio device 50 existing around the 1]''-service area of the first type exchange Pa20-I, information from a plurality of wireless base stations 30 is collected in the high-level exchange!120. However, in this case, similar to the type 1 exchange 120-I, in the high-level exchange 120, the wireless base stations 30 existing around the service area
It is necessary to remember the geographical conditions of Alternatively, if the mobile radio 50 is equipped with the same functions as those present in the higher-level exchange 20, each type 1 exchange 1a20-I
If the geographical conditions of the surrounding wireless base stations 30 are stored in the mobile wireless device 50, the mobile wireless device 50 can estimate its own speed (direction and speed) by collecting this information. become.

(7) Lowering the switching frequency for repeated switching used when switching channels during a call, etc. As explained above, (1) location registration, (2) calling operation, and (5) channel switching during a call and the diversity effect. The explanation and theoretical roots of the wireless base station 30B are explained in each section.
or 30C (Fig. 1D).

1F) or mobile radio 50 or 50B.

Regarding the switching frequencies output from the transmitting or receiving switching controllers 67C and 65C included in the transmitter 50C (FIGS. 1B and 1F-1), the functions and effects thereof have been explained in the direction of increasing the speed. In this section, we will explain the operation and effect when the switching frequency is lowered, which is different from this. The term "low frequency" as used herein means a frequency that is low compared to an audible frequency, specifically 101-12 or lower.

First, a case where the switching frequency of the transmission switching controller 67C is lowered will be described. In this case, equation (13> also holds true, but the carrier wave to be transmitted is not just one wave as described above.However, the term on the right side of equation (13) has a carrier angular frequency Ω1 and If we pay attention to the carrier wave existing in , it can be expressed as the following formula.

x sin (myr/r)) cos mpt) x sin
(Ω t+5(t) +5o1(t) ) ] (19)
The formula is transformed as shown below.

I=IoS! n(Ω1t+U1(t))+(n/π
) sin(π/n) x[cos((Ω −p)t−1i (t))−cos
((Ω1 +p) t +U1(t) ) ]+(n
/3π) 5in(37r/n)x[cos((Ω1-
3p> 1u1(t))-cos((Ω1+3p)t
+U1 (t))] ten (n15π) 5in (5π/"
)) x[cos((Ω1-5p) 1u1(t))-c
os((Ω 1 - 5F)> t+tJ1
(t) ) ] +... ul (t) = S(t) +5o1(t) Looking at the formula (20), we can see that above and below the carrier wave with the central angular frequency Ω1 are expressed as Ω±np. There will be a large number of carrier waves with angular frequencies that Moreover, even if a bandpass filter is provided at the output section of the transmission mixer 61, the angular frequency difference between the carrier waves is p, and p is 2.
Since πX(10H2> or less), filtering is impossible.

Expressing it in more detail, these many carrier wave groups are all centered around a carrier wave with an angular frequency Ω, and are ±2p, ±3p,
p, . . . , ±np, .

By the way, if many carrier waves are output from the antenna extremely densely above and below the central carrier wave, i.e., with only a difference in low frequency, it may affect other systems or channels other than the own system. ? + Explain what the impact is.

In conclusion, I can say with certainty that in the above case, there is no practical adverse effect. This is because in the above case, when viewed from other channels or other systems, they are regarded as the same carrier wave.

The signal component versus noise (in this case, interference noise > D/U, expressed as interference to other systems), D means the useful signal component of the system, and U
represents the interference WE sound component, but both mean the power that falls on the same channel, and if it is found that the noise component falls on the same channel, even if the noise component is a single frequency, it means that the power falls on the same channel. This is because the noise peaks are the same regardless of the component.

Also, considering the frequency component of interference exerted on a signal with a frequency bandwidth, it is expected that the interference power having multiple frequency components will be reduced more than that of a single frequency.In other words, the required signal frequency This is because, in the latter case, noise that falls on a specific frequency is reduced.

Next, a case will be described in which a signal transmitted in the above state is demodulated by a receiver. In this case, the filter (not shown) provided at the output of the receive mixer 63 does not have a filtering function, similar to the transmitter, so that the received signal (consisting of a large number of carrier waves) has an intermediate frequency. The signal is amplified by the amplifier and input to the demodulator. The signal is then demodulated by a frequency discriminator, but only at this point does a noise component having the following angular frequency be generated.

±rnp m=1.2, 3. ..., ...And since p is a low frequency, there are many in the low frequency region.

It can be seen that several harmonics are generated. therefore,
In this case, it is clear that using the lower frequency band of the voice band as shown in Figure 2(a) as a control signal is not a solution in terms of interference, but rather the upper frequency band should be used. It became. Furthermore, in order to avoid an adverse effect on the audio signal, it is necessary to keep the value of p low (101-12 or less).

Next, a case will be described in which the switching frequency of the reception switching controller 65C is lowered. In this case as well, equation (7) explained in section 1 holds true, but the signal received and appearing at the output of the bandpass filter provided in the mixer output stage does not become one wave as described above, and ( It must be assumed that equation (8), which is a transformation of equation 7), is all output. Therefore, the output of the frequency discriminator generates noise components having the following angular frequencies.

±r d1 p m=1.
2. 3. ..., ...However, for simplicity, it is assumed that equation (10) holds true.

Therefore, it has been found that in this case as well, a large number of harmonics are generated in the low frequency region, resulting in unwanted noise in the signal. Therefore, in this case as well, as shown in Figure 2 (a>),
It is not a good idea to use control signals in the lower sideband of the voice band.

As is clear from the above explanation, it is easier to use a faster switching frequency for repeated switching, which is used when switching channels during communication, because it does not have any negative effect on the control signal that uses the lower frequency band of the audio signal. , the low frequency switching operation also has advantages in the following respects, provided that it is accepted that it will have some influence on the signals used as control signals. That is, (i) All of the signal components (modulated waves) can be sent to the antennae as effective components without being even partially filtered.

(ii) For co-channel or adjacent channel interference, low frequency switching moves towards mitigating the interference.

(iii > Reception or transmission switching controller 65C26
7C or the changeover switch 64-1, 64-2 can be made inexpensive.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above explanation, by applying the present invention to a mobile communication system using a small zone configuration, it is possible to eliminate temporary interruptions when changing zones during a call, as in conventional systems. However, even if the frequency of channel switching during communication increases, this worry has been completely eliminated. This will improve communication quality by adopting economical transmission and reception diversity, improve frequency efficiency by reducing interference, and make new services using wideband signals technically possible. became. In addition, it is possible to improve communication quality by making effective use of wireless equipment during periods of low traffic, and to substantially increase the number of usable channels when traffic suddenly increases in a certain small zone. In addition to being able to process position@registration signals from mobile radios even during busy times, it is now possible to effectively specify a communication channel by detecting the moving direction and speed of a moving object. The effects of the present invention are extremely large because it has become possible to construct a mobile communication system that is economical and has high frequency utilization efficiency, and can be used even when the system is expanded nationwide, for example.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1A, 1B, and 1C are system configuration diagrams showing one embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 1D, 13, and 1E are circuit configuration diagrams showing other embodiments of the wireless base station of the present invention; Fig. 1F is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the transmitter/receiver; Figs. 1G, 1H, and 11 are circuit diagrams showing other embodiments of the mobile radio; Figs. 2(a) and ( b) is a schematic diagram a3 and a circuit configuration diagram for explaining a configuration example of a control signal used in the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the system shown in FIGS. 18 to 1C. Timing charts, Figures 4A and 4B are flowcharts, Figures 5A and 5B, respectively, representing the flow of the location registration operation of the present invention.
6A, 6B, and 6C are flowcharts showing the flow of call receiving operations from a mobile radio; FIGS. 7Δ and 7B.
Figures 7C and 7D are figures 18 to 1C.
Flowchart 1-1 shows the flow of the channel switching operation of the system shown in the figure. Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram of the operation to explain the traveling direction and speed detection of the mobile radio, and Figure 9 is the conventional A system configuration conceptual diagram for explaining a system example, Fig. 10 is a layout diagram of the wireless base station 30, the first type exchange 20-■, and the barrier exchange 19, and Fig. 11 is a diagram for various IDs in this system. The bit allocation diagrams of FIG. 12A, FIG. 128, FIG. 12C, FIG. 12D, and FIG. 12E show the mobile radio device 50 in this system.
Figure 13 is a hierarchical configuration diagram of the mobile radio m50, radio base station 30, and various exchanges 2o in this system. 10...Telephone network 11...Switchboard ・1
2...Radio line control station 13A-D...Radio base station 14A-D...Zone 15...Mobile radio device 16
A-D...Transmission line 19...Gateway switch 20-Engine...First class switch 21...Communication control unit 22...S/N monitoring unit 2
3... Switch group 24... ID identification storage section 3
C, 30B, 30G. 30-1, ~30-n-...Radio base station 31.31
-1 to 31-n...Transmitter 32...Radio base station control device 33.33-1 to 33-n...Receiver 34.34C,
34-1 to 34-n...ID identification storage unit 35-1 to 35-n, 36-1 to 36-n...Synthesizer 37...Communication quality monitoring unit 38.38B, 38C...Control Section 39...Interface 4C, 400...Reference crystal oscillator 41...Transmission mixer 42...Interference detector 43...Reception mixer 45...Reception switching controller 46...Wireless transmission Circuit 47...Transmission switching controller 48...Radio reception circuits 5C, 50B, 50C...Mobile radio 51...Transmission sections 53.53-1 to 53-n...Reception section 55- 1-55
-n, 56-1 to 56-n...Synthesizer 58.58B, 58C, 58D...Control unit 59...
Telephone unit 61.61-1 to 61-n... Transmission mixer 62...
・Interference detector 63.63-1 to 63-n...reception mixer 64-1
．． 64-2.64-3...Selector switch 65C...
Reception switching controller 66.66-1 to 66-n...wireless transmission circuit 67C.
...Transmission switching controller 68.68-1 to 68-n...Radio receiving circuit 69...
-Mixing circuit 71...Full L1 (crystal oscillator 91...Digital encoding circuit 92...Multiple conversion circuit 93-1 to 93-rn...Communication quality monitoring receiver 94
. . . Control transceiver 96 . . . Antenna sharing device 71 to Z16 . . . Zone.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Each wireless base means (30, 30B, 30C) each covering a plurality of zones and configuring a service area.
and an exchange means (20) for supervising and managing each of the radio base means connected to each of the radio base means by a transmission path.
and mobile radio means (50
, 50B, 50C, 50D), and a plurality of said service areas are adjacent to each other to form a wide area service area, and the location is registered from said mobile radio means existing in said service area. When transmitting a location registration signal containing its own identification information for the exchange, at least one communicable radio base means that has received this location registration signal in good condition among the radio base means transmitting the location registration signal to the mobile radio means among the radio base means located in the service area managed by another exchange means adjacent to the service area managed by the exchange means; at least one radio base means that received the radio signal in good condition.
If there is one, the wireless base means transfers the location registration signal to an exchange means for controlling and managing each of the wireless base means, which is connected to each of the wireless base means via a transmission path, and In the plurality of exchange means, the content of the location registration signal is inspected, and if it is found that the self-identification information of the mobile radio means does not belong to the management of the said exchange means, the plurality of exchange means are inspected. The location registration signal of the mobile radio means is transferred to the upper barrier exchange means (19) arranged in the management hierarchy, and each of the exchange means to which this location registration signal is transferred receives the information contained in the location registration signal. A communication method for mobile communication in which identification information of the mobile radio means and identification information of the radio base means capable of communicating with the mobile radio means are registered. 2. Each radio base means (30, 30B, 30C) each covers a plurality of zones and constitutes a service area.
and mobile radio means (
50, 50B, 50C, 50D), and a plurality of the service areas are adjacent to each other to form a wide area service area, and each radio base means constituting the service area In a mobile communication communication network including a switching means (20) having a hierarchical structure for connecting a base means and a general telephone network (10), the mobile radio means located within the service area and the radio base means In order to enable communication between at least one of the radio base means and the mobile radio means, a communication path is set up and canceled, and the communication path is updated between the radio base means during communication. A communication method for mobile communications that allows changes to be made. 3. Each radio base means (30, 30B, 30C) each covers a plurality of zones and constitutes a service area.
In a mobile communications communication system in which a plurality of said service areas are adjacent to each other to form a wide area service area, said mobile communication system exists within said service area and is capable of communicating with said radio base means. Mobile radio means (50, 50B, 5
0C, 50D), and identification information of at least one radio base means that connects each of the radio base means and the general telephone network (10) and can communicate well with the mobile radio means and the mobile radio means. registration, canceling the setting of a communication path between the at least one radio base means and the mobile radio means, and updating and registering the identification information of the radio base means with which communication is possible as the mobile radio means moves. and a hierarchically arranged switching means (20) for making and receiving calls to the mobile radio means.