JPH01240396A - Method and device for fixing cargo and structure for attaching air bag in said device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate fixing/releasing of cargoes by attaching air bags in/from which gas can be filled/discharged to a support surface on the side of a cargo arranging space and expanding these air bags so as to fix, by pressure, those cargoes arranged in the cargo arranging space. CONSTITUTION:When the method and device stated in the title are applied to a ship in which holds 1 to 3 for housing cargoes (paper rolls for newspaper) 8, 9 are sectioned by means of plural partitions 7a to 7h, partitions 7a, 7b, 7g and 7h out of all partitions are formed in movable partitions swingably supported on the hull by means of hinges 10. Plural air bags 12 for building up a carge fixing device are arranged in the hull width direction and vertical direction on the movable partitions 7a, 7b out of those movable partitions and other partition 7e. The air bags 12 are so formed as capable of being expanded by filling air therein and pipings for filling and discharching compressed air are connected to respective air bags 12. Then, fixing of cargoes 8, 9 is carried out by filling compressed air to respective bags 12 to expand them.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to cargo fixing, and in particular to a cargo identification method and fixing device suitable for preventing loaded cargo from shifting during transportation, and an air fixing device in the device. Regarding bag mounting structure. The present invention is effectively applied, for example, to securing cargo loaded in multiple layers in the hold of a ship.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention] Conventionally,
2. Description of the Related Art In ships, securing of loaded cargo is of great concern from the viewpoint of safety of ship navigation and prevention of cargo damage.

Ideally, it would be preferable to secure each cargo individually to the ship's hull, but for reasons such as cargo handling, this is often not done.

Particularly when cargo is loaded in multiple layers in a ship's hold, individual fixing is rarely performed.

For example, newsprint is shipped from a paper mill in the form of a roll, and if the distance to be transported to a printing factory is long, transportation by ship is used. In the hold of a ship, the newsprint is stacked in so-called bales, in which rolls are stacked with their axial directions horizontal. According to this method, deformation under heavy load is relatively less likely to occur, but there is a drawback that deformation occurs on the outer side of the roll due to pressure from adjacent rolls, resulting in deterioration of quality.

On the other hand, when transporting the newsprint by ship, a method of stacking the rolls with their axial directions in the vertical direction is sometimes adopted. According to this, the problem of deformation as described above is solved. However, due to changes in the pressure distribution applied to the roll end face due to external forces such as the rocking of a ship, corner bends may occur in the periphery of the roll end face. Such folds may cause accidents such as the paper being torn during paper feeding during newspaper printing.

Therefore, in the case of such a stacking configuration, it is particularly required to minimize changes in pressure distribution between the laminated rolls. For this reason, cargo has conventionally been secured by placing a net over the entire cargo from above and fixing the periphery of the net to the hold floor, or by placing horizontal bands equal to the number of layers stacked.

However, even with this fixing method, it is not possible to sufficiently prevent corner bending around the end face of the roll, and the work of fixing and unfixing is extremely troublesome and takes a considerable amount of time, so it cannot be said that the fixation is sufficiently good. .

Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of conventional cargo fixing as described above, and provides an improved method that can prevent the loaded cargo from collapsing and damage to the cargo, and can perform fixing and unfixing operations in a short time. The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and device for securing cargo.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an airbag mounting structure that allows for extremely quick fixing and unfixing operations, thereby shortening cargo handling operations.

[Means for Solving the Problems] According to the present invention, the above object is to provide air that can be filled and discharged from the cargo arrangement space side of the support surface arranged on the side of the cargo arrangement space. After attaching one or more bags and arranging the cargo in the cargo placement space, the airbag is filled with gas and inflated to apply pressure to the side of the cargo and fix it, and the gas is A method of securing a cargo is achieved by evacuating gas from a filled air bag and deflating the air bag.

Further, according to the present invention, the above object is achieved by installing one or more airbags on the cargo placement space side of the support surface on the side of the cargo placement space; This is achieved by a cargo securing device, characterized in that it is connected with means for filling and discharging gas, respectively.

In the above-described apparatus of the present invention, the gas filling and discharging means may be equipped with a dedicated gas source and another gas source at a predetermined pressure.

Furthermore, the device of the present invention may include a sensor for detecting the pressure inside the airbag and a control means for switching the connection state between the airbag and the dedicated gas source and other gas sources based on the detection signal of the sensor. Can be done.

Furthermore, in the device of the present invention, the airbag support surface and/or
Alternatively, the side surface facing the airbag support surface across the cargo placement space may be adjustable in lateral position.

Further, in the device of the present invention, the airbag support surface or the side surface facing the airbag support surface across the cargo placement space can be made rotatable in the downward L direction or around the horizontal direction by a hinge.

Further, according to the present invention, the above object is achieved by attaching an airbag capable of filling and discharging gas to the cargo arrangement space side of the support surface member disposed on the side of the cargo arrangement space. In a structure in which the airbag is attached to the support surface member by a cargo fixing device that applies pressure to the side surface of the cargo placed in the cargo placement space by filling with gas, the airbag is attached to the cargo placement space of the airbag. An end portion of the bag holding member that is passed through the side is locked to the support surface member side, and the end portion of the bag holding member is held over an appropriate length from both the fixed length member and the elastic member. The fixed length member acts to limit the expansion of the airbag, and the expandable member acts to draw the surface of the airbag on the side of the cargo placement space toward the support surface side. This is achieved by the airbag mounting structure in the fixation device.

L arrangement In the airbag mounting structure of the present invention, the holding member is made up of a plurality of strings, and the end portion of each assembly can be made up of both a fixed length member and an elastic member, and Preferably, the string is flat at least on the cargo placement space side of the airbag.

Further, in the airbag mounting structure of the present invention, the fixed length member and the expandable member can be integrated.

Further, in the airbag mounting structure of the present invention, a protective cloth can be interposed between the airbag and the support surface member.

Furthermore, in the airbag mounting structure of the present invention, a sheet made of an elastic member can be attached to the cargo placement space side of the airbag and the holding member.

Furthermore, in the airbag mounting structure of the present invention, means for locking the bag to the support surface member can be attached to the support surface member side of the airbag.

[Example] Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing an embodiment of the cargo securing method according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are respectively
They are (1) a schematic cross-sectional view and (2) a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line-m. This embodiment is an example in which the cargo is the above-mentioned newsprint roll or the like, and the cargo is fixed in the hold of a ship.

In Figure 1, 1 and 2.3 are the holds, and 4.5 are the floor and ceiling of these spaces, respectively. Note that arrow F indicates the bow direction, 6a is the starboard outer plate of the hull, and 6b is the port outer plate of the hull. 7a to 7h are bulkheads forming a hold. 8
9 is the cargo (newsprint rolls) loaded in the hold 1, and 9 is the cargo (including newsprint rolls) loaded in the hold 2. Although not shown, new paper rolls are loaded in the hold 3 as well as in the hold L.

The partition walls 7c, 7d, and 7f are fixed partition walls, and the partition walls 7a, 7b, 7e, 7g, and 7h are movable partition walls. 1st
As shown in the figure, the movable bulkheads 7a, 7b, 7g, and 7h are each attached to the hull via hinges 10 so as to be rotatable in a downward direction. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
It is mounted so that it can rotate around the ship's width direction.

In the hold l, the newsprint rolls 8 are stacked in multiple layers (three layers in the figure) with the axial direction being the vertical direction. The rolls are first stacked in three layers in contact with the bulkhead 7a in the bow direction, and then a predetermined number of rolls are sequentially arranged in the stern direction in the same manner (the same is true in the hold 3). Also, hold 2
Inside, the cargo 9 is stacked in multiple layers (three layers in the figure).

The cargo is also first arranged in three layers in a state where it comes into contact with the bulkhead 7d in the bow direction, and then a predetermined number of cargoes are sequentially arranged in the stern direction in the same manner.

A predetermined number of airbags 12 constituting the cargo securing device of the present invention are arranged in the movable bulkheads 7b, 7e, and 7h in the transverse direction and the vertical direction. Note that the airbag is made of rubber, and its volume can change slightly depending on the air pressure. Although not shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, each airbag 12 is connected to piping for filling and discharging compressed air. Furthermore, airbag 1
2 may be made of materials other than rubber; for example, it may be made of plastic or other airtight sheets.

By making the positions of the hinges 10 and 11 movable in the bow and stern directions, the position of the airbag 12 can be set to an optimal position depending on the amount of cargo.

As shown in FIG. 2, there are rolls 8 corresponding to all the airbags 12 attached to the partition wall 7b, and these airbags 12 are filled with compressed air and expanded to form rolls. The side of 8 is pressed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, among the airbags attached to the bulkhead 7e, the bag 12 in which the corresponding cargo 9 is present is filled with compressed air and expands, pressing the side of the cargo 9. Bag 1, but there is no corresponding cargo
2a is not filled with compressed air and is contracted.

In this embodiment, when loading the rolls 8 into the hold 1, the movable bulkhead 7a is first closed and fixed at the hold forming position shown in the figure, and one movable bulkhead 7b is opened. And the partition wall 7
Exhaust the air in all airbags installed in b,
Deflate the airbag. In this state, a predetermined number of rolls 8 are sequentially stacked in multiple layers from the bow direction side as shown in the figure.

Thereafter, the bulkhead 7b is closed and rotated to the cargo hold forming position shown in the figure and fixed therein. After that, among the above airbags, those with corresponding roll 8 (all in the case of the figure)
Fill with compressed air. As a result, the roll fixing operation is completed quickly and easily.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, when loading the cargo 9 into the hold z, the movable bulkhead 7e is first opened. And the partition wall 7
Exhaust the air in all airbags installed in e,
Deflate the airbag. In this state, a predetermined number of cargoes 9 are sequentially stacked in multiple layers from the bow direction side as shown in the figure. Thereafter, the bulkhead 7e is closed and rotated to the cargo hold forming position shown in the figure, where it is fixed. Thereafter, compressed air is filled only into the airbags 12 that have corresponding cargo 9 among the airbags, and compressed air is not filled into those 12a which do not have corresponding cargo. Thereby, the cargo fixing operation is completed quickly and easily.

On the other hand, when shipping the roll 8 or the cargo 9, the air bag 12 filled with the compressed air is evacuated to deflate the air bag. As a result, the airbag is separated from the roll or cargo, and the unfixing operation is completed quickly and easily. After that, the movable partition wall 7b
, 7e are opened, and the rolls or cargo are sequentially removed from the stern side.

FIG. 4 is an air circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of a means for filling and discharging gas into an air bag of the cargo securing device used in this embodiment.

In FIG. 4, 22 is a Roots blower which is a dedicated compressed air source, and the blower is connected to the plurality of airbags 12 through a switching valve 24 and a pipe line. On the other hand, an inboard miscellaneous constant pressure air source 26 is also connected to the airbag 12 by a conduit via a pressure reducing valve 28 and a switching valve 30. The switching valve 30 is electromagnetically controlled by an electric signal from a controller (not shown). The switching valve 24 of the pipe line from the Roots blower 22 in -E is controlled by the air pressure of the pipe extending from the onboard miscellaneous constant pressure air source 26 via the switching valve 32, and the switching valve 32 is It is electromagnetically controlled by electrical signals from the controller. A pressure sensor 34 is used to detect the pressure inside the airbag 12.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the control system of the gas filling and discharging means of the apparatus of this embodiment.

The output signal of the pressure sensor 34 is input to a controller 36, and the controller issues a control signal to the Roots blower 22 and the switching valves 30, 32 based on the input signal.

Hereinafter, the gas filling and discharging operation for the airbag will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

When a command is input to the controller 36 to fill the airbag 12 with compressed air, the controller issues a signal to cause the Roots blower 22 to rotate in the forward direction (that is, rotate in the direction of supplying compressed air to the airbag side). At the same time, the controller issues a switching signal to the switching valves 30, 32. As a result, the switching valve 30 closes,
In addition, compressed air from the constant pressure air source 26 for onboard miscellaneous use is supplied to the switching valve 3.
The compressed air from the Roots blower 22 is supplied to the air bag 12 when the air is supplied to the switching valve 24 via the roots blower 22, which opens the valve.

Then, the airbag 12 gradually expands and the internal pressure further increases. The internal pressure is detected by the pressure sensor 34, and the output signal of the sensor is input to the controller 36, and the signal is set at a preset upper limit pressure value (for example, 0 in gauge pressure).
．． When the pressure reaches 25 atmospheres (25 atmospheres) and continues to be higher than that for a predetermined period of time, the controller issues a stop signal to the Roots blower 22, and at the same time issues a switching signal to the switching valves 30 and 32. As a result, the switching valve 24 is closed and the switching valve 30 is opened, and compressed air is thereafter supplied only from the constant pressure air source 26 for miscellaneous purposes on board. In this way, the cargo is quickly secured by inflating the airbag.

Normal air leaks in conduits and elsewhere can be adequately dealt with by supplying air from the above-mentioned onboard miscellaneous constant pressure air source.

Further, if there is a considerable air leak due to damage to the airbag or the like, the pressure detected by the second sensor 34 will decrease. When the signal from the sensor 34 input to the controller 36 reaches a preset lower limit m (for example, 0.15 atmospheres in gauge pressure) and the pressure below that continues for a predetermined time, the controller sends a Roots blower 22 is issued with a forward rotation signal, and at the same time, the controller issues a switching signal to the switching valves 30, 32. As a result, the switching valve 30 closes, and the switching valve 24 opens as described above, allowing compressed air from the Roots blower 22 to be supplied to the airbag 12, thereby preventing a pressure drop. In this way, the pressure within the airbag can be maintained approximately between the upper and lower limits. Note that this upper limit value and lower limit value can be changed as appropriate.

On the other hand, when a command is input to the controller 36 to remove compressed air from inside the airbag 12, the controller issues a signal to reversely rotate the roots blower 22, and at the same time, the controller sends a switching signal to the switching valve 30. is emitted from the controller, and the switching valve 32
On the other hand, a switching signal is generated only when the switching valve 24 is closed. As a result, the switching valve 30 closes and the switching valve 2
4 opens, and the compressed air in the airbag 12 is exhausted through the Roots blower 22. In this way, the forced exhaust air quickly deflates the cargo to release the cargo.

In FIG. 4, all the near bags 12 are configured to inflate and deflate in the same way at the same time, but the gas filling and discharging means as described above may be divided into a plurality of systems and each system may be controlled separately. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the airbag 12a, which is unnecessary for fixing the cargo, can be prevented from operating.

Further, in the above embodiment, the gas filling and discharging means is automatically controlled by the controller 36, but if the range between the upper limit and the lower limit is exceeded based on the signal from the pressure sensor 34, a buzzer will be emitted. An alarm such as a lamp may be emitted, and control signals may be manually issued to the Roots blower 22 and the switching valves 30 and 32 based on the alarm.

Fig. 1g6 is a schematic side view showing an example of the mounting structure of the airbag, and Fig. 7 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view thereof with the part omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, the airbag 12 has a movable bulkhead 7b.
It is placed suspended in the air. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 above, the movable l1g walls (7b, 7e, etc.) on which the airbag interior is installed have a double structure, and the surface on the hold side (left side) is the support surface member of the airbag (
(Indicated by 14 in FIG. 7 and below). Double hanging loops 42a and 42b are attached to the support member side (right side) surface of the airbag 12 at appropriate locations, and the loops pass through holes 44 formed in the support surface member 14. Extending to the right of the member, a locking rod 46 extends through the loop. The rod may consist, for example, of a bolted donut of sufficient length and simply be placed on the right side of the support surface member 14.

A connecting portion 48 with a gas filling and discharging means is attached at one location on the right side surface of the airbag 12.

The contact part a is a flexible hose 50 of the gas filling and discharging means.
is connected to. A large double nut is attached to the connecting portion 48, and is supported by being positioned on the right side of the support surface member 14.

A protective cloth 52 is disposed between the right side surface of the airbag 12 and the support surface member 14 to prevent the right side surface of the airbag from being damaged by friction with the support surface member 14.

Further, a rubber sheet 54 is removably attached to the left side surface of the airbag 12 with Velcro or the like.

As shown in FIG. 6, on the hold side of the airbag 12,
An appropriate number of straps 56 are strung between the rubber sheet 54 in the vertical and horizontal directions. The string is a flat string, and hook portions are attached to both ends thereof. Further, a rubber rope 58 having a hook portion at the tip is wound around a suitable length portion of both ends. Incidentally, reference numeral 60 denotes rubber ropes having hook portions at the tips fixed to the four corners of the surface of the airbag 12 on the cargo hold side.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are partially omitted longitudinal sectional views showing the state in which the carrying strap is attached. FIG. 8 shows the airbag in the inflated state, and FIG. 9 shows the airbag in the deflated state.

As shown in these figures, the hook portions at both ends of the string 56 extend to the right side of the support surface member 14, and are locked to a locking member 62 fixed to the support surface member 14. The rubber rope 60 is also locked in the same manner.

As shown in FIG. 8, when the airbag 12 is inflated, the string 56 is fully stretched by one minute, and the rubber ropes 58 attached to both ends are also in a stretched state. Inflation of the airbag 12 is thus limited by the strap 56 so that the left side of the bag is generally flat, providing an even pressure on the cargo.

As shown in FIG. 9, when the airbag 12 is deflated, both ends of the string 56 are loosened, but the rubber rope 58 is compressed and pulls the left side surface of the airbag 12 sufficiently to the right. Thus, when the airbag is deflated, the contraction force of the rubber rope 58 also contributes to the deflation, so that sufficiently rapid deflation is possible.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, it is preferable to appropriately connect adjacent rubber sheets 54 attached to adjacent airbags with strings or the like.

According to this embodiment as described above, since a pressing force is evenly applied from the sides to the cargo made by vertically stacking newsprint rolls in multiple layers, bending of corners around the end faces of the rolls and collapse of the cargo are sufficiently prevented. In addition, the fixing and unfixing work can be performed extremely easily and quickly, and the cargo handling time can be shortened.

FIG. 10 is a partial schematic side view showing another embodiment of the airbag mounting structure according to the present invention. In this figure, the above 6 to
The same members as in FIG. 9 are given the same reference numerals.

In this embodiment, the bag holding member includes a sheet member 57 that covers the metal side surface of the airbag, a number of strings 56 connected to the periphery of the sheet member and extending outward, and attached to the strings. It consists of a rubber rope 58. In this embodiment, the string 56 and the rubber rope 58 are similar to those in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, except that the portion that contacts the airbag 12 is a sheet instead of a string.

FIG. 11 shows still another embodiment of the airbag mounting structure according to the present invention, and shows a modification of the fixed length member and the telescopic member at the end of the bag holding member.

This embodiment is an example in which a stretchable part 59 is formed by partially sewing rubber, which is a stretchable member, into a string 56, which is a fixed length member, in a stretched state. FIG. 11(a) shows the telescopic part 59
Fig. 11(b) shows the case where the elastic part 59 is in the contracted state fffj.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be applied to cases where the cargo is other than newsprint rolls or where the cargo placement space is other than the hold of a ship. for example,
The present invention can also be used to secure cargo in a land-based warehouse to prevent it from collapsing due to shaking during an earthquake.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention as described above, it is possible to prevent the loaded cargo from collapsing and damage to the cargo, and it is possible to perform fixing and unfixing operations in a short time, thereby shortening the cargo handling work.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the cargo fixing method according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are a schematic cross-sectional view along the line 1--2 and a schematic cross-sectional view along the line 2--2, respectively. FIG. 4 is an air circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of a means for filling and discharging gas into an air bag of the cargo securing device according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the control system of the gas filling and discharging means of the cargo securing device according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing the airbag mounting structure according to the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a partially omitted longitudinal sectional view thereof. FIGS. 8 and 9 are partially omitted longitudinal sectional views showing how the holding strap is attached. FIG. 10 is a partial schematic side view showing the airbag mounting structure according to the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a modification of the fixed length member and the telescopic member at the end of the bag holding member of the airbag mounting structure according to the present invention. 1.2, 3: Hold, 7a to 7h: Bulkhead, 8.9: Cargo, 12: Airbag, 14: Support surface member, 5
2: Protective cloth, 54: Rubber sheet, 56: Carrying string, 57: Sheet member, 58.60: Rubber rope, 59: Elastic part, 62: Locking member.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) One airbag capable of filling and discharging gas is provided on the side of the cargo arrangement space of the support surface disposed on the side of the cargo arrangement space.
After placing the cargo in the cargo placement space, fill the airbag with gas and inflate the airbag to apply pressure to the side of the cargo and fix it. A method for securing cargo, characterized in that pressure on the cargo is removed and the cargo is unfastened by discharging gas from the bag and deflating the air bag. (2) One or more airbags are installed on the cargo placement space side of the support surface on the side of the cargo placement space,
A cargo securing device, characterized in that each of the airbags is connected to means for filling and discharging gas. (3) The cargo securing device according to claim 2, wherein the gas filling and discharging means includes a dedicated gas source and another gas source at a predetermined pressure. (4) The cargo according to claim 3, comprising a sensor for detecting the pressure inside the airbag and a control means for switching the connection state between the airbag and the dedicated gas source and other gas sources based on the detection signal of the sensor. fixation device. (5) The cargo fixing device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the airbag support surface and/or the side surface facing the airbag support surface across the cargo placement space is adjustable in lateral position. . (6) Any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the airbag support surface or the side surface facing the airbag support surface across the cargo placement space is rotatable vertically or horizontally by a hinge. A cargo securing device. (7) An airbag capable of filling and discharging gas is installed on the side of the cargo placement space of the support surface member placed on the side of the cargo placement space, and the airbag is filled with gas and placed in the cargo placement space. In the structure in which the airbag is attached to the support surface member by a cargo fixing device that applies pressure to the side surface of the cargo, the bag holding member is extended through the cargo placement space side of the airbag. The end portion of the holding member is locked to the support surface member side, and the end portion of the holding member is composed of both a fixed length member and a telescopic member over an appropriate length, and the fixed length member is configured to be attached to the airbag. 1. An airbag mounting structure in a cargo securing device, characterized in that the elastic member acts to limit the expansion of the airbag, and the expandable member acts to draw the surface of the airbag on the side of the cargo placement space toward the support surface. (8) The airbag mounting structure according to claim 7, wherein the holding member is made up of a plurality of cords, and the end portion of each assembly is made up of both a fixed length member and an elastic member. (9) The airbag mounting structure according to claim 8, wherein the string is flat at least on the cargo placement space side of the airbag. (10) The fixed length member and the expandable member are integrated.
The airbag mounting structure according to any one of claims 7 to 9. (11) The airbag mounting structure according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein a protective cloth is interposed between the airbag and the support surface member. (12) Claims 7 to 7, wherein a sheet made of an elastic member is attached to the cargo placement space side of the airbag and the holding member.
11 airbag mounting structure. (13) The airbag mounting structure according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein means for locking the bag to the support surface member is attached to the support surface member side of the airbag.