JPH01227624A - Current limiting device - Google Patents
Current limiting deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01227624A JPH01227624A JP63049687A JP4968788A JPH01227624A JP H01227624 A JPH01227624 A JP H01227624A JP 63049687 A JP63049687 A JP 63049687A JP 4968788 A JP4968788 A JP 4968788A JP H01227624 A JPH01227624 A JP H01227624A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- current
- superconducting
- state
- circuit
- superconducting material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
- H02H9/023—Current limitation using superconducting elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、電流制限装置、すなわち、規定以上の電流
が流れたとき、回路を遮断する電流制限装置に関するも
のである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a current limiting device, that is, a current limiting device that interrupts a circuit when a current exceeding a specified value flows.
第４図に示すものは、従来の電流制限′装置の一例であ
るヒユーズでアル。What is shown in FIG. 4 is a fuse that is an example of a conventional current limiting device.
図において、符号（１１（２＋は電極、（３）はヒユー
ズ素子である。In the figure, the symbol (11 (2+) is an electrode, and (3) is a fuse element.
ヒユーズは、電路又は電気機械器具の保護を目的として
設げられるもので、ヒユーズの一部を構成する可溶性か
らなるヒユーズ素子（３）に短絡電流又は過電流が流れ
ると、この短絡電流又は過電流によってヒユーズ素子（
３）自身に発生する発生熱によって、ヒユーズ素子（３
）自身が溶断し、従って、ヒユーズが挿入されている回
路を遮断するものである。Fuses are provided for the purpose of protecting electrical circuits or electrical equipment, and when a short-circuit current or overcurrent flows through the soluble fuse element (3) that constitutes a part of the fuse, the short-circuit current or overcurrent fuse element (
3) Due to the heat generated by itself, the fuse element (3
) will blow itself, thus interrupting the circuit in which the fuse is inserted.
次に、この従来例の動作について説明する。Next, the operation of this conventional example will be explained.
例えは、電極＋１１からヒユーズ素子（３）を通して電
極（２１に回路電流が流れている。For example, a circuit current flows from electrode +11 to electrode (21) through fuse element (3).
この状態で、何らかの原因によシ、回路に短絡電流か、
過電流が流れると、ヒユーズ素子（３）にも過電流が流
れることになり、従って、ヒユーズ素子（３）はそれ自
身の過電流による発生熱によって溶断し、この溶断によ
シ、劃１１）と電極（２］の間を遮断して回路を遮断す
る。In this state, for some reason, there may be a short circuit current in the circuit, or
When an overcurrent flows, an overcurrent also flows through the fuse element (3), and therefore, the fuse element (3) is fused by the heat generated by its own overcurrent, and due to this fusion, the fuse element (3) is blown out. and the electrode (2) to interrupt the circuit.
従来のこの種の電流制限装置においては、規定電流以上
の電流が流れて、例えはヒユーズ素子が溶断して電流制
限を行なった場合、その後に回路状態が回復しても、こ
の回復にもかかわらず、ヒユーズ素子が交換されて回路
が閉じられるまで、自動的には復旧することができず、
不便であシ、この不便を解決したいという課題を有して
いた。In conventional current limiting devices of this type, if a current exceeding the specified current flows and, for example, a fuse element blows and limits the current, even if the circuit condition recovers, the It cannot be automatically restored until the fuse element is replaced and the circuit is closed.
It was inconvenient, and I had a problem that I wanted to solve this inconvenience.
この発明は゛、このような課題を解決するためになされ
たもので、電流制限作動後の自動復旧かできる電流制限
装置を得ることを目的とする。The present invention was made to solve these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a current limiting device that can automatically recover after current limiting operation.
この発明に係る電流制限装置は、遮断電流にほぼ等しい
臨界電流を有する超電導材料を電極間に接続して設けて
いるものである。The current limiting device according to the present invention includes a superconducting material having a critical current approximately equal to the breaking current connected between electrodes.
この発明における電流制限装置は、超電導材料の臨界電
流効果によシ、回路電流が臨界電流値を超えると、超電
導破壊を生じて抵抗を生じ、これＫよって流れる電流を
制限し、また、回路電流が復帰して臨界電流値を下回る
と超電導状態を回復して再び通電して、自動的に初期状
態に復帰して自動復起可能な電流制限をする。The current limiting device of the present invention uses the critical current effect of the superconducting material, and when the circuit current exceeds the critical current value, superconducting breakdown occurs and resistance is generated, which limits the flowing current, and the circuit current When the current returns to below the critical current value, the superconducting state is restored and the current is turned on again, automatically returning to the initial state and limiting the current to enable automatic recovery.
以下、この発明をその一実施例を示す図に基づいて説明
する。The present invention will be explained below based on the drawings showing one embodiment thereof.
第１図において、電極（１）（２）は従来装置における
電極と同−又は同等のものであり、また、（４１）は電
極（１）（２）に両端が接続されている超電導材料であ
って、この超電導材料は、この回路に超電導が流れて遮
断される電流竺にほぼ等い・臨界電流を有するように構
成されており、電極（１）（２）との間は電気的に接続
されている。In Figure 1, electrodes (1) and (2) are the same as or equivalent to the electrodes in the conventional device, and (41) is a superconducting material whose both ends are connected to electrodes (1) and (2). This superconducting material is configured to have a critical current that is approximately equal to the current line at which superconductivity flows through this circuit and is interrupted, and there is no electrical connection between it and the electrodes (1) and (2). It is connected.
また、（１２）（１３）は超電導材料（１［）を臨界温
度以下に冷却するための冷媒の人出口でおって、これら
は筐体（１４）に接続されておシ、筐体（１４）の内部
は冷媒で満たされており、必要であれは、入口（１２）
及び出口（１３）よシ冷媒を出入させ、内部温度を一定
に保っている。Further, (12) and (13) are refrigerant outlets for cooling the superconducting material (1[) below the critical temperature, and these are connected to the housing (14). ) is filled with refrigerant, and if necessary, the inlet (12)
Refrigerant is allowed to enter and exit through the outlet (13) and the internal temperature is kept constant.
なお、筐体（１４）は電極（１）（２）間に絶縁物を介
して接続されている。Note that the housing (14) is connected between the electrodes (1) and (2) via an insulator.
このよ、うに構成されている電流制限装置（１５）は、
第２図に示すように、負荷回路に直列に挿入されて設け
られ、電源（１６）によ多負荷（１７）に給電される回
路（１８）に直列に接続されて〜・る。The current limiting device (15) configured as described above is
As shown in FIG. 2, the power supply (16) is inserted in series into a load circuit, and is connected in series to a circuit (18) that supplies power to a multi-load (17) through a power supply (16).
上記のように構成されているこの発明の一実施例による
電流制限回路を用いて、電流制限を行なう場合には、従
来のヒユーズと同様に、電極（１）。When current limiting is performed using the current limiting circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the electrode (1) is used in the same manner as a conventional fuse.
電極（２）を被電流制限回路に直列に接続する。The electrode (2) is connected in series to the current limited circuit.
超電導材料（１１）は、その形状及び材質により、過電
流すなわち遮断すべき電流値の電流が回路に流れると、
超電導材料（１１）は臨界電流密度に達し、また、使用
温度では超電導状態にあるように調整されている。Due to its shape and material, the superconducting material (11) causes overcurrent, that is, when a current of a current value that should be interrupted flows through the circuit,
The superconducting material (11) is adjusted to reach a critical current density and to be in a superconducting state at the operating temperature.
また、回路を流れている被制限電流が、規定の制限電流
を越えて遮断電流値になると、超電導材料（ｌｔ）は、
臨界電流密度をこえることになシ、従って、超電導状態
が破壊されて、その結果電気抵抗が急速に変化上昇する
。In addition, when the limited current flowing through the circuit exceeds the specified limiting current and reaches the breaking current value, the superconducting material (lt)
If the critical current density is not exceeded, the superconducting state is therefore destroyed, resulting in a rapid change and rise in electrical resistance.
この変化前は、超電導材料が超電導状態にあるために、
電気抵抗□がほぼ零であったのであるから、これは非常
に大ぎな電気抵″抗の変化率である。Before this change, the superconducting material was in a superconducting state, so
Since the electrical resistance □ was almost zero, this is a very large rate of change in the electrical resistance.
このように、超電導材料（１１）が、超電導状態から常
電導状態に変化することによシ、電流制限作用を果たし
、また、超電導状態と常電導状態との間の変化は、可逆
的なものであるから、回路を流れている電流が制限され
た後、短絡電流等め過電流がなくなると、超電導材料（
１１）は超電導状態に復帰し、従って、自動復帰が可能
である。In this way, the superconducting material (11) exerts a current limiting effect by changing from the superconducting state to the normal conducting state, and the change between the superconducting state and the normal conducting state is reversible. Therefore, after the current flowing through the circuit is limited and there is no overcurrent such as short circuit current, the superconducting material (
11) returns to the superconducting state, and therefore automatic recovery is possible.
次に、超電導状態にある超電導材料の温度（Ｔ）、磁□
界（Ｈ） 、” ［流密ｔ’（Ｊ）の関係にグいそ説明
すると、第３図のとおシであシ、それぞ五、Ｔｏ、）（
ｏ、Ｊ。Next, the temperature (T) of the superconducting material in the superconducting state, the magnetic □
Field (H)," [To explain the relationship between flow and density t' (J), in Figure 3, there are five, To, respectively.
o, J.
は臨界温度、臨界磁界、臨界電流密度を示し、面によっ
て囲まれている内部は超電導域を、また、・外部に常電
導域を示している。indicates the critical temperature, critical magnetic field, and critical current density, the inside surrounded by the plane is the superconducting region, and the outside is the normal conducting region.
上記実施例においては、筐体（１４）が磁気し平べい効
果をもっているので、第３図において、外部磁界変動の
形番は無視できる。In the above embodiment, since the housing (14) is magnetic and has a flat effect, the external magnetic field fluctuation can be ignored in the model number in FIG.
また、冷却されているので、温度（Ｔ）は一定温度（Ｔ
。”）となっている。Also, since it is cooled, the temperature (T) is a constant temperature (T
. ”).
このとき、超電導材料（１１）の表面磁界（Ｈ）と電流
密度（Ｊ）との関係は、−次比例関係にあるため、第３
図の一点鎖線で示される関係となる。At this time, since the relationship between the surface magnetic field (H) of the superconducting material (11) and the current density (J) is in a -order proportional relationship, the third
The relationship is shown by the dashed line in the figure.
従って、超電導材料（１１）が、超電導状態にあシ続け
ることが可能であるか否かは、電流密度（Ｊ）によって
決まる。すなわち、超電導材料（１１）に流れる電流の
強さが、ある点すなわち、臨界電流を越えると、超電導
状態が破壊されてしまうことになる。Therefore, whether or not the superconducting material (11) can remain in a superconducting state is determined by the current density (J). That is, when the strength of the current flowing through the superconducting material (11) exceeds a certain point, that is, a critical current, the superconducting state will be destroyed.
超電導状態が破壊されると、超電導材料（［［）は常電
導状態となり、従って、電気抵抗が生じ、その結果、ジ
ュール熱が発生する。このため、超電導材料（１１）の
温度は更に上昇し、確実に常電導状態となる。When the superconducting state is destroyed, the superconducting material ([[) becomes a normal conducting state, thus creating electrical resistance and, as a result, generating Joule heat. For this reason, the temperature of the superconducting material (11) further increases, and the superconducting material (11) reliably becomes a normal conductive state.
このようにして、−旦、常電導状態になった後は、電流
によるジュール熱の発生と、冷媒による放熱が平衡する
まで温度上昇が続くため、安定した常電導状態を得るこ
とかでき、その結果、ここに流れる電流が制限される。In this way, once the normal conduction state is reached, the temperature continues to rise until the generation of Joule heat by the current and the heat dissipation by the refrigerant are balanced, so it is possible to obtain a stable normal conduction state. As a result, the current flowing here is limited.
一方、流れる電流が減少し、電流によシ発生するジュー
ル熱が冷媒による放熱よりも小さくなると、超電導材料
（１１）の温度は低下し、再び臨界電流値を通過して更
に低下すると、常電導状態にあった超電導材料（１１）
は、自動的に超電導状態に復帰することにな９、従って
、抵抗も零となって、回路の電流を流すことが可能な状
態に自動復帰かできる。On the other hand, when the flowing current decreases and the Joule heat generated by the current becomes smaller than the heat dissipated by the refrigerant, the temperature of the superconducting material (11) decreases, and when it passes the critical current value again and decreases further, it becomes normal conductive. Superconducting materials in the state (11)
will automatically return to the superconducting state9, and therefore the resistance will also become zero, allowing the circuit to automatically return to a state in which current can flow.
このように動作するので、この発明においては、臨界電
流値にほぼ等しくされている遮断すべき電流値を回路電
流が越えると、回路電流は制限され、また、逆に過電流
が減少して臨界電流値よ）少なくなると、超電導状態と
なって回路電流は自動的に復帰して流れる。Because it operates in this way, in this invention, when the circuit current exceeds the current value that should be cut off, which is approximately equal to the critical current value, the circuit current is limited, and conversely, the overcurrent is reduced and the critical current value is reached. When the current value decreases, it enters a superconducting state and the circuit current automatically returns to flow.
なお、上記実施例では、制限電流を定めるために超電導
材料（１１）の材質、形状を変化させろものを示したが
、分流抵抗、分圧抵抗の付加によシミ流制限を定めても
よい。In the above embodiments, the material and shape of the superconducting material (11) are changed in order to determine the limiting current, but the stain current limiting may be determined by adding a shunt resistor or a voltage dividing resistor.
また、超電導材料の抵抗の変化により電流を制限したが
、超電導材料の抵抗変化を検知することＫよシ、開閉器
を制御してもよく、上記実施例と同様の効果を奏する。Further, although the current is limited by a change in the resistance of the superconducting material, the switch may be controlled by detecting the change in the resistance of the superconducting material, and the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained.
以上のように、この発明によれは、遮断電流にほぼ等し
い臨界電流値を有する超電導材料を用いて電流制限装置
を構成しているので、過電流制限後、回路電流の正常状
態への復帰に伴って、この装置も自動的に復起が可能に
なる電流制限装置が得られる効果を有している。As described above, according to the present invention, since the current limiting device is constructed using a superconducting material having a critical current value that is approximately equal to the breaking current, it is difficult for the circuit current to return to the normal state after overcurrent limitation. Accordingly, this device also has the effect of providing a current limiting device that can automatically restart.
第１図はこの発明の電流制限装置の一実施例を示す斜視
図、第２図は第１図の電流制限装置が組み込まれヤいる
回路図、第３図は超電導状態の温度、磁界、電流密度の
臨界面図、第４図は従来のヒユーズを示す平面図である
。
（１）（２） ・・電極、（１１）・・超電導材料。
なお、各図中、同一符号は同−又は相当部分を示す。
第１図
’ １２ψ棒
１１赴ψ潰ａ灯
第２図Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the current limiting device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram in which the current limiting device of Fig. 1 is incorporated, and Fig. 3 shows temperature, magnetic field, and current in a superconducting state. The density critical surface diagram, FIG. 4, is a plan view showing a conventional fuse. (1)(2)...electrode, (11)...superconducting material. In each figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. Fig. 1' 12ψ rod 11 ψ crush a light Fig. 2
Claims (1)
を電極間に接続して設けていることを特徴とする電流制
限装置。A current limiting device characterized in that a superconducting material having a critical current value approximately equal to a breaking current is connected between electrodes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049687A JPH01227624A (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Current limiting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049687A JPH01227624A (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Current limiting device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01227624A true JPH01227624A (en) | 1989-09-11 |
Family
ID=12838096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63049687A Pending JPH01227624A (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-03-04 | Current limiting device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01227624A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1168560A2 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-02 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | High electrical power current limiter being useful in electrical power system |
| JP2013070608A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-04-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Power transmission system using superconducting cable |
-
1988
- 1988-03-04 JP JP63049687A patent/JPH01227624A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1168560A2 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-02 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | High electrical power current limiter being useful in electrical power system |
| EP1168560A3 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2005-12-21 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | High electrical power current limiter being useful in electrical power system |
| JP2013070608A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-04-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Power transmission system using superconducting cable |
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