JPH01223237A - Freely extensible roof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To open/close the roof in spite of a structure for covering a large area by arranging a freely extensible/contactible central part capable of opening by about half of the whole roof area. CONSTITUTION: Mutually parallel two tracks 16, 18, arches 20, 22 extending above the tracks 16, 18 while forming a circular arc to a chord formed by these tracks by being circumscribed to the tracks 16, 18 and an edge ring 24 extending in a horizontally long shape along the arches are formed. Two fixed roof parts 36 are arranged so as to extend up to the respective tracks 16, 18 from the edge ring 24. Two freely extensible/contractible roof panels 44, 46 covering the tracks 16, 18 and having sliding pieces extending along the tracks 16, 18 are arranged so as to mutually approach and separate.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to structures for covering large areas such as stadiums, particularly structures with retractable roofs.

(Prior art and its problems) A structure with a partially retractable roof is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,
No. 581.860. Regarding other large-diameter structures surrounding stadium-sized spaces, the present inventor's paper, "Permanent Buildings “10 years of textile tension structures”
This is discussed in the 12 references cited on pages 19 and 20 of .

While there is an increasing demand for covered stadiums and similar relics that allow sporting and other events to be held regardless of the weather, there is also a growing demand for retractable roofs as there is a desire for certain events to be enjoyed outdoors as little as possible. There is also. The most difficult aspect of designing and constructing a stadium-sized relic with a retractable roof is the balance between scale and movable parts. Standard-sized stadiums require hundreds of thousands of feet of free-span roof area, and the commercial and practical construction and use of roofs of this size requires specialized construction techniques. . In particular, effective shapes such as domes, saddle shapes, etc. are applied to this type of structure, and these include circles, ellipses, etc.

An example of a partially retractable roof with hyperelliptic boundary conditions is shown in the inventor's prior patents,
It is generally difficult to make the roof, or at least the central part of the roof, telescopic using these closed structural shapes. A further important aspect of a telescoping structure is that the moving part of the roof must fit snugly into the shape of the structure in both the open and closed positions.
This requirement tends to govern the selection of the shape of the structure. One such requirement is that the edges of the movable roof panel must move along a straight line or a circle. Further requirements include live loads such as wind and snow in both open and closed positions, and preferably in any intermediate position! This is something that must be ensured in the future as well.

Furthermore, how much rainfall will there be? However, it must flow in its original form.To the best of the inventor's knowledge, no retractable stadium roof has ever been constructed, which explains how difficult it would be to meet these and other requirements. It can be guessed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a functionally and structurally superior and economical solution for standard-scale stadium roofs, which in one embodiment are retractable and can be opened to approximately half the total roof area. It has a central part. This is a unique shape,
as well as structure and materials.

This is achieved by selecting a unique combination of construction methods.

In one embodiment, a central rectangular opening in the roof is covered by two retractable roof panels that are rectangular in plan and can cover an area well larger than a football field. The panels use substantially rigid, trussed steel construction or similar rigid lightweight framing. Those panels are structural fabrics! or covered with other lightweight roofing structures;
Move in the direction of the stadium's main axis (for a football or soccer field, the main axis extends along the length of the field; for a baseball field, the main axis is a line through home plate and third base), at least in front view. The roof panels are high in the center and low at the edges to allow water to flow through the panels at any position.

In a first embodiment, the telescoping panels extend in a slight circular curve in the direction of their major axis and are disposed on similarly curved tracks supported by track garters. In the second embodiment, the telescoping panels move straight and horizontally to open and close the roof.

The rollers between the panel and the track girder are under a downward load, H
It is arranged so as to resist upward loads such as lift of A and lateral loads.

In a first embodiment, the panels are moved by a hoisting mechanism similar to that of an elevator or a cable car, the hoisting mechanism comprising a cable running along a track girder and a track girder running along a siding of the stadium field. forming the inner edges of the two fixed roof sections that extend from each other. the other 2
Two fixed roof sections are located at the ends of the stadium field.
And the expandable panel is open! It is located below the curve along which it moves. In a second embodiment, the roof panel moves along a straight horizontal girder against driving wheels driven by synchronized electric motors, such as those used in electric trains. The track girder is the main longitudinal support member of the roof that extends the entire length of the stadium. The track girder uses cable meters similar to those used in stay cable bridges.
The structure is suspended from the arch by rigid supports. The upper support points of these suspension cables or struts are the part of the arch where the loads from all the cables or struts on one side are concentrated and are distributed along the entire length of the structure. Additionally, each arch is laterally supported by a set of angled triangular posts carried on a rim ring disposed around the stadium. The edge ring can be horizontal in the first embodiment and concave in both front and side view in the second embodiment.

The horizontal connecting cables are divided into two sections to provide continuity of the structure.
Extending between the two track beams, the hook can be passed across the opening in the telescoping section of the roof.

A first embodiment of the invention has two tracks that are parallel to each other and to the first axis of the stadium field in plan view and convex in front view along the first axis. In the second embodiment, forming an arc, the two trajectories are parallel to each other and to the first axis of the stadium field in plan view and horizontal in front view. The two arches in plan are convex and circumscribe the orbit. That is, the tracks form the chord of each arch; in the front view along the first axis of the first embodiment, the arches are convex and have a greater curvature than the tracks, thereby extending above the tracks. It looks like this. In a first embodiment, a substantially rigid, laterally extending edge ring extends generally along the contour of the arch in plan and along the chord of the arch and track in front view along the first axis. In the second embodiment, the green ring is concave in both front and side views. Supports such as posts can be used to support the edge ring above ground level. The ends of the arch are carried on rigid abutments that transmit the forces of the arch into the foundation. Between these abutments, the arch is
It is carried by a green ring, and its sides are supported by two sets of steel frames, etc., each having a triangular structure and tilting inward. In the second embodiment, the arch can be supported in the same way, and since the horizontal track girder serves as a connecting girder for the arch, it can be constructed without using an abutment. The track girders are suspended from the arch by cables or rigid struts of triangular structure, each 2 m long. Horizontal coupling cables extend from one track girder to the other, and each track girder can be joined to the edge ring by two sets of stabilizing cables or rigid struts.

This structure can be prestressed and together with the track girders form a sufficiently rigid support for the track. The roof panels form a substantially rigid framework covered with fabric or other roofing material that directs rainwater to the sides of a rigid fixture located on the side of the stadium field. Formed to discharge into the roof area. In a first embodiment having a concavely curved track, a hoisting cable or winch system is used to selectively move the roof panels toward and away from each other along the track, thereby opening and closing the roof of the structure.

In a second embodiment with a horizontal track, such a device as described above is not required, and the roof panel is mounted on the track and moved on the track by driving wheels driven by an electric motor, similar to a train.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment A retractable roof III relic according to an embodiment of the present invention covers a stadium field 10, such as a football, soccer, or baseball field, and has a first axis 12 and a second axis 14.
has. In the plan view of FIG. 2, the track girder 16
, 18 are parallel to each other and to axis 12 and spaced apart from each other by a considerable distance, which distance may be greater than the width of a football field. Figures 1 and 6
As best shown in the figure, each track girder forms a convex arc in a front view along axis 12.

The track girders 16, 18 are suspended from their respective arches 20.degree. 22 by respective sets of suspension cables 32,24. The suspension cables 32 are arranged in a set of outwardly slanted triangles (or may be parallel), as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. The track girders 16, 18 are stabilized by 2M stabilizing cables 40, 42 each, which are anchored to the edge ring 24. The horizontal components of the forces on the suspension cable and the stabilizing cable are balanced by the horizontal connection cable 48. In the plan view shown in Figure 2, arch 20.2
2 is convex and circumscribes the track girders 16, 18, i.e. each track girder forms a chord of its respective arch. In a front view along the axis 12 shown in FIG. .22 is also convex and has a greater curvature than the track girders 16, 18, so that it extends above the track girders. Substantially rigid and horizontally extending edge ring 2
4 extends generally (though not necessarily precisely) along the arch 20.22 in plan view.
), in front view along the axis 12 the ring 24 extends along the chord of the arch and the orbital gargoo (the fourth
(see figure), the end of the arch is supported by an abutment 60, which includes track girders 16, 1
8 and edge ring 24 are also locked. Abutment 6
0 transmits the resultant load of the components that are locked to it into the base. Supports consisting of posts 26, for example, can be used to support the edge ring 24 above the ground surface.

The edge ring 24 can be polygonal or oval at the sides of the field and straight at the ends of the field. !
! The edge ring need not be perfectly circular, provided that a portion of the support for the seating area 90 is configured to carry a predetermined amount of the roof structure load.
8.30 from the edge ring 24 to each arch 20.2
It extends upwards to 2. Struts 28.30 are shown in Figure 1~
As exemplified in FIG. 4, they may form a two-way triangle, or they may be parallel to each other.

Fixed side root portions 36, 38 extend generally laterally from the sides of the edge ring 24 at respective track girders 16, 18, 4, and fixed end root portions 62, 64 extend from the sides of the edge ring 24 at the ends of the roof structure. extending from the section to a rectangular opening for the telescoping panels 44-46. The telescoping panels 44, 46 are rollers 44a
Trajectories 16a, 1 of girders 16, 18 by l 46a
8a, the rollers are mounted at a center of rotation on a trajectory that overlaps the track in plan view and corresponds to the curvature of the track as best shown in the longitudinal section of FIG. 6 along axis 12. As shown in FIG. 5, in a cross-sectional view along axis 14, roof panels 44,46 are convex. Telescoping means are provided for selectively moving the roof panels 44, 46 toward and away from each other along the track girders 16, 18, thereby opening and closing the roof of the structure. These means include a hoisting couple 50,52 which is wound around a pulley 54 and a guide wheel 56 and is moved in the desired direction by means of a winching device t58 housed in an abutment 60;
Forming a device similar to that used in cable cars and elevators.

Although FIG. 7 shows the telescoping device in track girder 16 and roof panel 44, the same method is used for other girders and roof panels. The shafts 102 are suspended by struts 100 from the edge beams 120 of the panel 44 and are each connected to a roller 4.
The rollers 4a are similar to railway wheels and are mounted on a track 104 supported by a girder 16. Upper track 106 is attached to girder 16 via bundle 105 and overlaps the outer end of shaft 102.
The forward and backward movement of the zero hoisting cable 50, which prevents the panel 44 from floating due to a large lift load, is carried out by the guide wheel 5.
Supported by 6. Mounting strut 100 on shaft 102 allows some relative lateral movement between spring 44 and girder 16, but the amount is limited by roller 44a.

FIG. 8 illustrates the joint between fixed end room root section 64 and telescoping panel 46 in the closed position, as well as the joint between 66 and 44. Each fixed roof section may be constructed of a truss structure, such as the #J structure of truss member 64b, and may be provided with a roof membrane as shown at 64 and a black screen as shown at 64c. Similarly, each retractable roof panel can be comprised of a truss structure of members as shown at 44b and truss members as shown at 44c, which are covered with a roof membrane as shown at 44a and optionally shown at 46d. Use a mastermind like that. The joint may be made waterproof by having the edge members of the retractable panel overlap the fixed roof end portions, such as by using the edge members illustrated in FIG.

Figure 10 shows the telescopic panels 44 and 46 in the closed position! As shown in FIG. 11, which shows the joint between these panels when in position, the projecting members 80 of panel 44 cover the edge members of panel 46, but are compressible to further increase waterproofing. A flexible rubber tube 82 can be used.

A similar tube 84 may be used for the same purpose in the joint illustrated in FIG.

Supplements can be constructed using generally conventional building materials and methods. With PA, a suitable foundation is provided, and reinforced concrete is used to construct columns 26 and abutments 60.
is constructed. Edge ring 24 is preferably cast one section at a time. Each arch is constructed section by section starting from an abutment 60. For example, if starting at an abutment, the two nearest posts 28 are built on the edge ring 24 using a structural steel frame and joined at the triangular crown. A section of the arch steel frame is then assembled and hooked from the anchoring points on the abutments to the strut connections. The next two struts 28 are then similarly erected and held in place, and the next section of arch steel frame is hung between the two strut joints for passing. A similar process is then repeated until the steel frame of the arch is completed.Concrete can then be poured into the mold supported by the arch steel frame, with this frame used as reinforcement. The track girder can be assembled preferably section by section on the ground, hoisted into position using the completed arch as a support point, and connecting cables connected one after another to complete the girder and track. 48 can be stretched and prestressed. Fixed roof sections can be constructed using conventional truss techniques. The telescoping panels can be assembled one truss width at a time on the ground and pulled into position by tilting them relative to the connecting cable 48;
The roof membrane is then assembled and installed in place 1.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. The second embodiment is substantially similar to the first embodiment described above, with straight and horizontal track girders replacing the convex track girders 16, 18 and tracks 16a, 18a of the first embodiment.
The main difference is the use of 16', 18' and trajectories 16a', 18a'. The difference in a derives from the use of this straight, horizontal track girder and track.

Therefore, the hoisting cables and associated equipment for moving the roof panels 44, 46 along the inclined track as in the first embodiment are not required; in the second embodiment track 16a
, 18a' are horizontal, so that at least some of the rollers 44a (indicated schematically by M in FIG. 7) are driven by means of electric motors, in the same way that a train is driven by means of synchronized electric motors.

The telescoping roof panel can be moved along the track simply by driving 46a. Of course, in this example the track is straight and horizontal, so axis 1 of the fixed roof panel 62.64
The vertical sections parallel to 2 are the same, and so are the similar sections of the retractable roof section. Another major difference between the first and second embodiments is that in the second embodiment the edge ring is concave in front view along the axis 14 (see FIG. 13), so that the edge ring It is joined at an angle of .22 and has a sufficient slope to allow rain to flow easily. What is noteworthy is the second
In the embodiment, track girder 16'.

Since 18' is straight, it can be used as a connecting girder for each arch 20, 22 to support the load on the end of the arch, eliminating the need for an abutment 60 to transfer this load to the foundation. That's true.

In either embodiment, rigid struts 32', 34' can be used in place of the gables 32, 34 of the first embodiment, so that in the second embodiment the stabilizing cables 40, 4
2.48 can be omitted. The rigid struts 32', 34' are the first
The erection of the arch can be a truss member similar to the columns 28, 30 of the example, and in this way no other support is required when each section of the arch is joined to a set of such rigid columns. It becomes easier.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a retractable roof structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a retractable roof panel of the same roof structure in an open position, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same roof structure. a plan view showing the retractable roof panel in the closed position of the object;
Figure 4 is a front view of the same roof structure along the first axis;
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the same roof structure along the first axis, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the same roof structure along the track girder, and Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the track girder of the same roof structure. , Figure 8 is the third
9 is a sectional view showing a detail of FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a partial sectional view along line 10-10 of FIG. 3; FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the details, FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a roof structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 13 is a front view along the first axis, and FIG.
The figure is a cross-sectional view along its second axis. 10... Stadium field 12... First axis 14... Second axis 16a
, 18a, ... Trajectory 20.20', 22.22'... Arch 24.24
'...Edge ring 26...Support 28.30...Strut 32
．． 32', 34.34'... Track suspension member 36.3
8,62.64...Fixed roof part 44.46...Extensible roof panel 64b...Truss member patent applicant Horst Elle, Berger patent attorney - Ken Color Between shafts
Patent Attorney Noriyuki HarashimaF″IG, 9 Ri+,; “°”) 5χ No change in content) FIG, 1
1 Procedure Shinichi Seisho (Method) April 13, 1989 Director General of the Patent Office Yoshi 1) Moon Takeshi 1, Indication of the case 1985 Patent Application No. 185632 2, Name of the invention Retractable roof structure 3, Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant address: New York, United States of America 1070G
・Hastings Zoo on Hudson Chestnut Drive 18 Name: Horst Ell, Berger 4, Agent Address: Rokin Shinbashi Pill 7th Floor, 2-12-7 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 03-508-0336 Address: Same as above
5. Date of amendment order: March 28, 1989 (dispatch) 6. Drawings 4.7.11 to 14 attached to the application subject to amendment 7. Contents of amendment

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A retractable roof structure for covering a field having a first axis and a second axis, comprising two trajectories parallel to each other and parallel to the first axis; two arches that are convex in front view along an axis of 1 and extend above the orbit while forming an arc with respect to a chord formed by circumscribing the orbit; and two arches that are substantially rigid and substantially rigid in plan view; a rim ring extending laterally along the rim ring, a support supporting the rim ring above ground level, two sets of substantially rigid arch support struts extending from the rim ring to each of the arches; two sets of track suspension members extending from the edge ring to each of the tracks; and two fixed roof sections extending from the edge ring to each of the tracks;
two extensions having runners that cover the track in plan view and extend along the track in front view along the first axis, and are convex in front view along the second axis; A retractable roof structure comprising a retractable roof panel and means for selectively moving the roof panels toward and away from each other along the trajectory to open and close the roof of the structure. . (2) The retractable roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the track is substantially straight and horizontal. 3. The retractable roof structure of claim 1, wherein the track suspension member is a substantially rigid truss member. 4. The retractable roof structure of claim 1, wherein the edge ring is concave in at least one front view.