JPH01219207A - Spud type maritime structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it easy to replace buffer members and to prevent oscillation in case of a storm by providing a replacing hole capable of taking buffer members in and out to fitting holes of leg bodies, providing a fitting projected section and a fitting recessed section to the tip of a spud and the fitting hole of the spud, and fitting the recessed and projected section. CONSTITUTION:A plurality of spuds 10 whose lower ends are buried into the bottom of the sea, a floating body section 12 provided with a plurality of leg bodies 11 loosely fitted respectively, a ballast tank 25 mounted on the floating body section 12 and a pumping means for supplying and draining the water into the ballast tank 25 are provided to the periphery of each of spuds 10. The buffer members 15 coming into contact with the peripheral surface of the spuds 10 are provided detachably on a placing member 28, which is on the internal circumferential surface of a fitting hole 14 to loosely fit spuds 10 of leg bodies 11, and at the same time, replacing holes 16 for buffer members 15 are provided on the upper side of the fitting hole 14. In addition, a fitting projected section having a shape so that the outside surface thereof is reduced as it goes to the end and a fitting recessed section coming into contact with the fitting projected section are provided to the tip of spud 10 and the fitting hole 14.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Application Fields j The present invention is applicable to marine cities, marine helipads, offshore plants,
This invention relates to a spud-type marine structure suitable for constructing commuter airports, marine leisure lands, etc. on the ocean.

"Prior Art" Due to land shortages in recent years, the development of the various marine facilities described above that aims to make effective use of marine space has been progressing. Among these, for example, demand for commuter airports is increasing with the development of short-distance air transportation, but construction on land is practically difficult due to land shortages, noise pollution regulations, etc. There is an urgent need to construct this type of facility offshore.

By the way, as a construction method for such marine facilities, for example, the landfill method is known;
Due to problems such as dump pollution and the inability to use only shallow water beds, efforts have been made in recent years to construct various marine facilities using marine structures.

Conventionally, when constructing offshore structures offshore, we used a floating method in which the entire structure was floated on the ocean and moored, and a ballast tank was installed on the column base supporting the deck to balance buoyancy and weight. A soft bottom method (for example, JP-A-60-85112, JP-A-60-70213)
(See Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 13811/1984, etc.).

However, with the former type of floating structure, it is difficult to suppress the vibrations caused by waves, resulting in low livability and discomfort for residents, and the need to take measures to suppress vibrations in the equipment. However, while the latter soft-bottomed structure can omit mooring devices and improve livability, the soft-bottomed structure There was some concern about horizontal forces such as tidal currents.

Therefore, as a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems of conventional marine structures, the present inventors drove a plurality of spuds into the seabed, and installed a plurality of legs loosely fitted around the outer periphery of each spud on the ocean. By mooring a floating body with a body,
He proposed a spud-type marine structure that allows the floating body to float on the ocean or land softly on the seabed by adjusting the ballast of the floating body (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 62-240443). ). Such a spud-type marine structure has a structure as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17. In other words, this spud type offshore structure is
A plurality of spuds l whose lower ends are embedded in the seabed G, and a plurality of legs 2 loosely fitted around the outer periphery of these spuds 1.
It is mainly composed of a floating body part 3 of a truss frame on which the building B is constructed, and the legs 2 of the floating body part 3 are mounted on a frame 4 integrally attached to the outer periphery of the spud l.
It is configured to have a soft bottoming.

Moreover, the legs 2 of the floating body part 3 are shown in FIGS. 16 and 17.
As shown in the figure, the ballast tank 5 also serves as a ballast tank 5 having a tank chamber R therein, and a fitting hole 6 into which a spud I is loosely fitted is formed in the lower surface thereof. A plurality of rubber cushioning materials 7 extending along the circumferential direction of the fitting hole 6 are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the fitting hole 6 at equal intervals along the axial direction of the fitting hole 6. , a similar cushioning material 8 is provided on the outer periphery of the spud l and on the upper surface of the pedestal 4.

In addition, the spud type marine structure has a control means provided in the deck part 3a of the floating body part 3, etc. to control the ballast tank 5.
The amount of ballast is adjusted so that a soft-bottomed structure or a floating structure is achieved.

``Problems to be Solved by the Invention'' According to the above-mentioned spud-type offshore structure, it is possible to cope with various load conditions on the deck part by adjusting the amount of ballast in the ballast tank 5, and it is possible to cope with various load conditions on the deck part, and also to cope with weather, earthquakes, etc. This has advantages such as improving the habitability of the building and eliminating the influence of ground conditions on the seabed by placing the legs 2 on the pedestal 4. However, even with such spud-type offshore structures,
For example, the following issues remain to be resolved:

In other words, even if the amount of ballast is adjusted during a storm and the floating body is brought to a soft bottom on the pedestal, it will not be fully fixed and may move horizontally. In addition, if the cushioning material 7 provided in the fitting hole 6 of the leg body 2 deteriorates due to aging etc.
The problem is that maintenance is poor, such as the time it takes to replace them.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a spud-type marine structure that securely fixes the floating body to the spud during stormy weather, prevents movement, and facilitates maintenance work. It's about providing things.

``A means to solve problems'' Therefore, the spud-type offshore structure involved in the misfire consists of multiple spuds installed on the seabed with their upper ends protruding above the seabed surface, and each spud on the outer periphery of each spud. A floating body section including a plurality of loosely fitted legs, a ballast tank provided in the Fuuki floating body section, and a control means for adjusting the amount of ballast in the ballast tank, and spuds of the legs. A replacement method in which a cushioning material that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the spud is detachably provided on the inner peripheral surface of the fitting hole into which the spud is loosely fitted, and the cushioning material is removed from the fitting hole on the upper surface of the fitting hole facing the cushioning material. It is characterized by having holes.

Furthermore, one of the tip of the spud and the fitting hole into which the spud is loosely fitted is provided with a fitting convex portion whose outer surface is reduced in size toward the tip, and the other is provided with a fitting convex portion in surface contact with the fitting convex portion. A recess is provided in each case.

"Function" The spud-type marine structure having the above configuration allows the attachment and detachment of the cushioning material to be carried out on the floating body through the replacement hole that opens into the fitting hole of the leg body, thereby facilitating maintenance. Can be done.

Furthermore, when the floating body is lowered, the fitting convex portion and the fitting concave portion engage in a convex-concave fit, and this concave-convex fit ensures that the floating body is fixed to the spud, thereby eliminating any movement of the floating body.

"Embodiments" Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Basically, the spud-type marine structure according to the present invention also includes:
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, there are a plurality of spuds IO whose lower ends are buried in the seabed, and these spuds IO.
A structure is adopted which is mainly comprised of a plurality of legs 11 that are loosely fitted around the outer periphery of the floating body part 12 on which a building is constructed.

However, in the present invention, a cushioning material 15 made of rubber, synthetic resin, etc. is placed along the axial direction of the fitting hole 14 on the inner circumferential surface of the fitting hole 14 into which the spud IO on the lower surface of the leg body 11 is loosely fitted. A replacement hole 16 is provided on the upper surface of the fitting hole 14 facing the cushioning material 15 (upper surface in FIG. 1) for taking out the cushioning material 15 from the fitting hole 14 onto the floating body part 12. It is a feature.

First, to explain the spud 10, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the spud IO has a cylindrical sealed structure with a hollow space or filled with concrete, and its tip (upper end) , a fitting convex portion 10A whose outer surface is tapered toward the tip is provided, and a disk-shaped fitting convex portion 10A reinforced by vertical ribs 10a is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the spud 10. A flange plate 10b is provided to protrude from the flange plate 10b, and stud bolts 10c can be attached to the portion to be buried in the concrete C if necessary, as shown in FIG. This spud IO is integrated with a foundation 21 fixed to the seabed G via an anchor pile 20 via concrete C. In the case of the illustrated example, the foundation 21 that integrates the spud IO with the seabed G includes a steel formwork 22 assembled in a quadrilateral shape and a root cut hole 21a that is drilled so as to embed this formwork 22. The formwork 22 is mainly composed of concrete C, and a guide hole 22a into which the anchor pile 20 is inserted is formed in the formwork 22.

Next, the leg body 11, which is the most distinctive part of the spud-type marine structure according to the present invention, will be described.

First, each leg 11 is provided with a ballast tank 25. As shown in FIG. 3, the ballast tank 25 includes a tank chamber R surrounded by an external cylinder 11a forming the outer surface of the leg 11 and a bottom plate portion 11b forming the bottom surface of the leg 11. Also, this ballast tank 2
5 is provided with pump means for injecting and discharging fluid such as seawater. It goes without saying that these pump means are each operated separately so that the amount of fluid injected into and drained from each ballast tank 25 can be adjusted for each tank, thereby making it possible to balance buoyancy and self-weight. This ensures balance and makes it possible to respond to various load conditions and water depths in whole or in part.

Next, the legs! Regarding the fitting hole 14 of No. 1, the fitting hole 14 is formed in the center of the bottom plate portion 11b of the leg body 11, and has a tapered fitting hole on its upper surface that makes surface contact with the fitting convex portion 10A at the tip of the spud IO. A mating recess 14A is formed, and a cushioning material 15A that contacts the upper end of the spud 10 is attached to the inner surface of the recess 14A. Also, a mating hole! On the inner peripheral surface of the lower end of 4,
As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of channel-shaped support members 26
are attached at equal intervals along the circumferential direction with their lengths aligned along the axial direction of the fitting hole 14, and the grooves 27 are used to attach the cushioning material 15 between the supporting members 26. Furthermore, a mounting member 28 on which the cushioning material 15 is placed is provided at the lower end of the groove 27 (
(See Figure 3).

On the other hand, in the illustrated example, the replacement hole 1 for replacing the cushioning material 15 is
6 is the tank chamber R of the leg l■, as shown in FIG.
The double walls 30a and 30b that penetrate the
It is watertightly partitioned by a plurality of vertical partition plates 30c provided between a and 30b, and the upper end thereof reaches the upper end of the leg body 11 above the water surface and is open.

Then, the buffer material 15 has a wire W inside the replacement hole 16.
The attachment between the support members 26 is set in the groove 27 in a suspended state via the support members 26, etc., and is configured so that it can be attached and detached by operating the wire W (winding operation, unwinding operation) on the deck portion 12. has been done. In the illustrated example, as shown in FIG. 5, the buffer material I5 is formed to have a trapezoidal cross section, and is installed so that it will not fall out of the groove 27.

Note that this marine structure includes, for example, a ballast tank 2.
A control means for adjusting the amount of ballast of No. 5 is provided to control the attitude of the structure. This control means is comprised of a sensor (pressure sensor, etc.) that detects the load generated on the leg 11, etc., and a computer connected to the sensor, and uses the output from the computer and the balance of the marine structure. Examples include those that control the entire structure by comparing and monitoring conditions.

Moreover, FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a spud type marine structure completed on the sea, and in the illustrated example, the floating body part 12 is
The entire deck part 12a is made of concrete or steel plate and has a flat plate shape. On the upper surface of the deck part 12a, there are a building 30 with a helipad 30a, an event plaza 31 with a truss structure roof, and a park 32. ,
An aquarium 30A and the like are provided, and a boat landing place 33 is provided below the deck portion 12a, and a yacht harbor with a floating pier 34 is formed around it.

The deck portion f2a is entirely supported by deck girders arranged in a cross-shaped structure, and the legs 11, which are loosely fitted around the outer periphery of the spud 10, are vertically provided on the lower surface of each intersection of the deck girders. There is.

Between the legs 11 adjacent to each other, these legs 2
A support beam 35 is provided at the bottom of the leg body 11 to connect the support beams 35, and a brace beam is provided inside the support beams 35, although it is not visible in the drawing. A place material 36 is provided between the deck girder 35 and the deck girder 12a.

Furthermore, when designing the ballast tank 25, it is designed to have a capacity that can always apply a small pushing force to the spud 10 during a storm, even considering the overturning moment caused by horizontal external force and the lift force caused by waves, and also to ensure that the environment A structure is designed that allows for balancing so that excessive pushing force or the like is not applied to the spud 10 due to the load.

The position of the deck part 12a constituting the floating body part 12 is set at a height that will not be affected by waves even at the highest tide level, and the distance between the deck part 12a and the sea surface is set to give a sense of being on the sea.

Next, the operation of the spud-type marine structure constructed as described above will be explained.

In order to construct a spud-type marine structure having the above-mentioned structure on the sea as shown in FIG. 7, for example, as shown in FIG. While constructing the main part of the building to be constructed, the spuds 10 are inserted into the fitting holes 14 of the legs 11 and fixed. The means for fixing this spud IO is as follows: - A bolt/nut in the membrane is used in the fitting hole 14.
For example, the spud 10 may be fixed to the inner circumferential surface of the spud 10, but it is also possible to use the replacement hole 16 to suspend the spud 1O.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the lower part of the leg 11 is submerged in the sea, and the floating body part 12 is towed in a horizontal state to the installation sea area by the tugboat 41. At this time, by filling the ballast tank 25 with water ballast, the center of gravity of the floating body part 12 is located downward, and the floating body part 12 is in an upright and stable state, so it can be towed in sea areas where it is susceptible to waves, wind, etc. It can be made good.

As shown in FIG. 1O, before fixing the spud 10, a foundation 21 is constructed in advance on the seabed G in the installation sea area. As for the construction of this foundation part 21, first, the spud I
Dig deeply at the location where O is to be built and cut the roots for construction.
The formwork 22 is installed, and while inserting the anchor pile 20 into the guide hole 22a of the formwork 22, the anchor pile 20 is inserted into the seabed G using this as a guide.
Anchors 20 are driven in to fix the formwork 22. After the formwork 22 is fixed, the frame 13 made of H-shaped steel is placed on the formwork 22 to prepare for placing the legs 11 (see FIG. 10).

Next, while adjusting the position of the structure using the mooring cables 42, the fitting hole 14 of the leg 11 is exposed to the upper surface of the formwork 22, and the leg 11 is fixed with the spud IO fixed in the fitting hole 14. Inject water ballast into the ballast tank 25 of
The floating body part 12 is submerged, and the lower end of the spud 10 is attached to the formwork 22.
At the same time, the legs 11 are placed on the pedestal 13. Then, underwater concrete C is poured into the formwork 22 to integrate the spud 10 with the anchor pile 20.

Once the spud IO is fixed to the seabed G in this way, the floating body part 12 is floated while controlling the attitude by adjusting the water ballast in the ballast tank 25, the pedestal 13 is removed from the base part 21, and the legs are When the spud IO is loosely fitted into the fitting hole 14 of the body 11 and made of silk, a commuter airport as shown in FIG. 7 is completed.

The construction of the offshore structure can generally be carried out in a factory inside the dog 40, and the construction of the foundation can also be done in advance on the seafloor G.
Build a foundation 21 and attach spuds 10 to this foundation 21.
Since the spud 10 is fixed, the spud 10 can be installed with high accuracy, its workability can be improved, and the construction period can be shortened.

Note that the integration of the spud 10 and the foundation 21 is not limited to integration using concrete C using the formwork 22 as in the embodiment;
It is also possible to have a structure in which O is firmly fixed with bolts.

In a spud-type offshore structure having such a configuration, for example, as shown in Figures 12 to 14, by adjusting the amount of water injected into the ballast tank 25, it is possible to respond to weather conditions, earthquakes, etc. Become free.

For example, in the normal use state (state where the structure is floating) shown in FIG. 12, the water ballast in the ballast tank 25 is drained and the floating body part 12 is in a state floating on the ocean. , horizontal movement due to tidal currents, wind, etc., is regulated by the contact between the cushioning material 15 and the spud 10, and moves up and down following the tide. Even if an earthquake occurs in this state, since the spud 10 and the floating body part 12 are in contact with each other via the buffer material 15, the influence from the ground will be reduced, making it possible to respond to the earthquake.

In addition, in the case of stormy waves, ballast is poured into the ballast tank 25, the deck part 12 is lowered, the legs 11 are placed on the spuds 10, and the floating body part 12 is placed on the spuds 10 as shown in FIG. For example, if the amount of ballast is controlled by the control means so as to always apply a pushing force in the vertical direction of the spud 10, taking into account tides, wind, and waves, the legs 11 are placed on the spud 10 in a stable state. The floating body part 12 is fixed to the seabed G without following the tide. As a result, not only the vertical movement but also the horizontal movement of the floating body part 12 is restrained, the influence of strong winds and waves is reduced, and the livability is not impaired.

In the example, when the entire structure is floating on the sea,
Since the floating body part 12 can be made to follow the tide, its hydrophilicity can be ensured. In addition, in the embodiment, the ballast tank 25 is placed on the leg 11 of the deck portion 12, so that
To facilitate adjustment of buoyancy by the tank 25,
Although the structure can be made more compact, the ballast tank 25 may be provided in the floating body section 12 separately from the legs 11 to adjust the buoyancy.

By the way, when it becomes necessary to replace the buffer material 15 set in the fitting hole 14 of the leg body 11, in the embodiment, as a means for replacing the buffer sweet summer 5, the buffer material 15 is replaced by penetrating the tank chamber R of the leg body 11. A replacement hole 16 watertightly partitioned between the double walls 30a and 30b is opened in the upper surface of the fitting hole 14,
Furthermore, since the cushioning material 15 located between the supporting members 26 is suspended by the wire W through this replacement hole 16,
As shown in FIG. 2, the wire W may be wound up to the upper surface of the leg 11 and replaced with a new one on the deck portion 12.

Then, when the cushioning material 15 is hung down again, the cushioning material 15 becomes
When installing through the replacement hole 16, it is fitted into the groove 27 and set.

This replacement operation is a simple operation of winding up the wire W, replacing the cushioning material 15 on the deck part 12, and hanging it down again through the replacement hole 16. Since underwater work can be omitted, the maintenance of the cushioning material 15 is good and the running time is good. This makes it possible to reduce costs.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and for example, a fitting recess 14A is formed on the upper surface of the spud IO, and a fitting recess 14A of the spud 10 is formed on the inner surface of the fitting hole 14 facing the fitting recess 14A. A fitting convex portion 10B that fits into the fitting recess 14A may be provided in a protruding manner so that the fitting convex portion 10B is fitted into the fitting concave portion 14A.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, the spud-type marine structure according to the present invention includes a plurality of spuds installed on the seabed with their upper ends protruding above the seabed surface, and a spud that is loosely fitted around the outer periphery of each of these spuds. a ballast tank provided in the floating body; and a control means for adjusting ballast insects in the ballast tank, and the spuds of the legs are loosely fitted. A cushioning material that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the spud is removably provided on the inner peripheral surface of the fitting hole, and a replacement hole for taking out the cushioning material from the fitting hole is provided on the upper surface of the fitting hole facing the cushioning material. Therefore, by using this replacement hole to replace the buffer material without performing underwater work, maintenance can be improved, and running costs can be reduced.

Further, one of the tip of the spud and the fitting hole into which the spud is loosely fitted has a fitting convex portion whose outer surface is reduced in size toward the tip, and the other has a fitting concave portion in surface contact with the fitting convex portion. By controlling the flow of water into the ballast and tank using the control means, and by making the fitting convex part and the fitting concave part fit into each other, the floating part can be securely fixed to the spud during stormy winds. As a result, the floating body part does not oscillate, and it is possible to improve the applicability to various marine facilities, such as improving the livability at sea.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings are shown to explain the present invention in detail. Figures 1 and 2 are front views showing the structure of the legs, and Figure 3 is a cross-section showing the lower end and foundation of the legs during construction. Figure, 4th
The figure is a plan view, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line Vl-Vl in FIG. 3.
Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the completed spud-type offshore structure as a commuter airport, and Figures 8 to 11 show the construction method in the order of steps;
Figures 2 to 14 are shown to explain the operation, and Figures 12 (a) and (b) are a front view and sectional view showing the marine structure in normal use, and Figure 13 (a). and (b) is a front view and a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the marine structure is fixed to a spud, and FIGS. 14 (a) and (b) are a front view and a cross-sectional view of the marine structure in a state corresponding to an earthquake. 15 to 17 show an example of a conventional spud-type offshore structure with a one-bridge construction. FIG. 15 is a front view, and FIGS. 16 and 17 are sectional views of the legs. lO・・・Spud, 11・・・Leg body, 1
2...Floating body part, 12a...Deck part,
13... Frame, 14... Fitting hole, 15
...Buffer material, 16...Replacement hole, 20
...Anchor resistance, 21...Foundation part, 2
2... Formwork, 25... Ballast tank, 26... Support member, 27... Installation in groove, G... Seabed, C...Concrete.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) A floating body section comprising a plurality of spuds installed on the seabed with their upper ends protruding above the seabed surface, a plurality of legs loosely fitted around the outer periphery of each of these spuds, and a floating body section provided on the floating body section. a ballast tank, and a control means for adjusting the amount of ballast in the ballast tank, and the inner circumferential surface of the fitting hole into which the spud of the leg body is loosely fitted has a buffer abutting against the outer circumferential surface of the spud. A spud-type marine structure characterized in that the material is detachably provided, and a replacement hole for taking out the cushioning material from the fitting hole is provided on the upper surface of the fitting hole facing the cushioning material. 2) One of the tip of the spud and the fitting hole into which the spud is loosely fitted,
2. The spud-type marine structure according to claim 1, wherein a fitting convex portion whose outer surface is reduced in size toward the tip thereof is provided, and a fitting concave portion which is in surface contact with the fitting convex portion is provided on the other side.