JPH0460163B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a spud type marine structure suitable for constructing a marine city, a marine heliport, an offshore plant, a commuter airport, a marine leisure land, etc. on the ocean. be.

``Prior Art'' Due to land shortages in recent years, the development of the various marine facilities described above to make effective use of marine space has been progressing. Among these, for example, demand for commuter airports is increasing with the development of short-distance air transportation, but on the other hand, construction on land is practically difficult due to land shortages and regulations regarding noise pollution, etc. There is an urgent need to construct this type of facility at sea.

However, as a method for constructing such offshore facilities, for example, the landfill method is known, but the landfill method has problems such as dump pollution and can only be used at shallow depths, so in recent years, the use of offshore structures has become less popular. Efforts are being made to construct various marine facilities.

Conventionally, when constructing offshore structures offshore, two methods have been used: one is a floating structure in which the entire structure is floated on the ocean and moored, and the other is a ballast tank installed on the column base that supports the deck to balance buoyancy and weight and anchor it softly to the seabed. Two soft bottoming methods have been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-85112, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-70213, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-13811).

Figures 10 and 11 are from Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 60-70213.
This offshore structure has four floors 1 supported by main pillars 1a.
The basic structure includes a large number of pedestals 2 that are attached to the seabed G on the lower surface of the building 1 having the structures 1b, 1c, 1d, and 1e, and each of these pedestals 2 is provided with a buoyancy tank 3.

In the illustrated example, the buoyancy tank 3 includes a tank chamber formed in the pedestal 2, and the tank chamber is provided with supply and discharge means for supplying and discharging fluid such as seawater. These supply and discharge means can each operate independently, and the buoyancy can be adjusted independently by supplying and discharging fluid from each tank 3. This marine structure is equipped with a balance adjustment device that balances the total gravity and front buoyancy, and adjusts the buoyancy of the buoyancy tank 3 of the pedestal 2 so that the entire structure is always level. It is configured to control. In addition, the reference numeral 4 in the figure indicates a large number of through holes 4 on the outer surface.
A cylindrical body that suppresses the instantaneous increase in buoyancy acting on the pedestal 2 by letting seawater, which acts on an increase in buoyancy, in through the upper hole 4a and instantly discharging it through the lower hole 4a. It is.

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" The present invention seeks to improve the following points in the prior art described above.

First, with the former type of floating structure, it is difficult to suppress the vibrations caused by waves, so the livability is low and the residents feel uncomfortable.Furthermore, it is necessary to take measures to suppress vibrations in the equipment. Therefore, the cost will be high.

Second, while the latter soft-bottomed structure can omit mooring devices and improve livability, it tends to have a higher floor in consideration of the effects of waves, etc. The feeling of familiarity fades,
Also, because it has a soft bottom structure, there is some concern about horizontal forces such as tidal currents.

The present invention was proposed in view of the above circumstances, and
The object is to provide a spud-type marine structure with a novel structure that can solve all of the problems of the prior art described above.

``Means for Solving the Problems'' Therefore, the present invention provides a deck portion comprising a plurality of spuds whose lower ends are embedded in the seabed, and a plurality of legs loosely fitted around the outer periphery of each of these spuds,
A ballast tank provided in the deck part, a coupling means for coupling the legs and the spuds, and a control means for adjusting the amount of ballast in the ballast tank and the coupling relationship between the spuds and the legs. , the control means includes a sensor that detects the load of the structure acting on the spud, and a computer that compares the detected value of the sensor with the balance condition of the structure and outputs a control signal for the amount of ballast and the coupling means. It is characterized by having a configuration with the following.

Here, the coupling means includes a clamp device that clamps the spud by pressing a clamp shoe onto the outer surface of the spud, and a roller device that clamps the spud by pressing a roller that rolls in the axial direction of the spud against the outer surface of the spud. Alternatively, a clamping device that clamps the spud by pressing a clamp shoe onto the outer surface of the spud, a roller device that clamps the spud by pressing a roller that rolls in the axial direction of the spud against the outer surface of the spud, and a circumferential groove on the outer surface of the spud. A hanger device that fixes the leg body to the spud by inserting a locking member into the spout, and a device consisting of the following device are applicable.

By arranging the deck portions of the ballast tank on the legs, the buoyancy of the tank can be easily adjusted and the structure can be made more compact.

"Function" The spud-type marine structure having the above configuration can maintain a balance between buoyancy and its own weight by injecting water into the ballast tank. On the other hand, if the connection by the connection means is released and the spuds and the legs are loosely fitted, the structure will move up and down following the tide, and the connection means will be adjusted to allow the legs and the spuds to be loosely fitted. When connected, the influence of waves is reduced and vertical and horizontal movements of the deck are eliminated.

For example, if the coupling means is composed of a clamp device that clamps the spud by pressing a clamp shoe against the outer surface of the spud, and a roller device that clamps the spud by pressing a roller that rolls in the axial direction of the spud against the outer surface of the spud, First, when the spud is connected only by a roller device, horizontal movement of the deck portion is suppressed, and when the spud is clamped by a clamp device, vertical movement can also be eliminated.

Further, one of the coupling means is constituted by a hanger device that fixes the leg body to the spud by fitting a locking member into a circumferential groove on the outer surface of the spud, and when the locking member is fitted into the circumferential groove on the outer surface of the spud, The legs are fixed to the spuds, eliminating the effects of weather such as tides, wind, waves, etc., and eliminating vertical and horizontal movements of the deck.

Note that each of the above-mentioned operations is easily performed by the control means, making it possible to respond freely to weather conditions such as storms, earthquakes, and the like.

"Embodiments" Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 9 show the spud type marine structure according to the present invention applied to a commuter airport equipped with a helipad.

In the figure, the symbol 10 is the commuter airport. This commuter airport 10 is
Multiple (12 in the example shown) with their lower ends embedded in the seabed
The main components are a deck part 13, which has a plurality of legs 12 that are loosely fitted around the outer periphery of the spuds 11, and on which an airport building is constructed.

The spud 11 has a sealed hollow structure made of steel or a cylindrical structure filled with concrete, and its lower end is finished with an acute angle such as a conical shape so that it can easily penetrate into the seabed surface. As shown in FIG. 2, these spuds 11 are regularly driven in at predetermined intervals vertically and horizontally, and in the illustrated example, they are placed at each corner of a generally cross-shaped flat plate. It is located.

On the other hand, the deck portion 13 is formed of concrete or steel plate or the like into a flat plate shape having a cross shape in plan view, and on its upper surface is a building 1 which has a helipad 14a on the roof and a hangar inside.
4. An event plaza 15 with a dome roof and a park 16 will be provided, and a boat launch and landing area 17 will be provided at the tip of the surrounding area, as well as a floating pier 1.
A yacht harbor with a number 8 has been formed.

Further, this deck portion 13 is supported in its entirety by a deck girder 20 assembled in a cross-shaped structure, and
The legs 12, which are loosely fitted around the outer periphery of the spuds 11, are vertically disposed on the lower surface of each intersection of the deck girder 20. Between the adjacent leg bodies 12, support beams 21 connecting these leg bodies 12 are located at the lower part of the leg bodies 12, and on the inside surrounded by these support beams 21, there are braces. A beam 22 is arranged, and a support beam 21 and a deck girder 2
0, a brace material 23 is provided between the two.

Next, to explain the legs 12 in detail, each leg 12 is provided with a ballast tank 25. As shown in FIG. 4, the ballast tank 25 is formed of an outer cylinder 12a forming the outer surface of the leg 12 and an inner cylinder 12b forming the inner surface of the leg 12. The ballast tank 25 is provided with pump means for injecting and discharging fluid such as seawater. It goes without saying that each of these pump means is operated separately so that the amount of fluid injected into and drained from each ballast tank 25 can be adjusted for each tank, thereby reducing buoyancy and self-weight. It is possible to ensure a balance between the water and water, and to respond to various load conditions and water depths, either in whole or in part.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
A coupling means 30 is provided for associating (coupling) the leg body 12 and the spud 11, which are loosely fitted around the outer periphery of the spud 11.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the coupling means 30 includes a roller device 46 that presses a roller 45 rolling in the axial direction of the spud 11 against the outer surface of the spud 11 to clamp the spud 11, and the roller device 46. The clamp shoe 31 is disposed above and below the
is crimped onto the outer surface of the spud 11.
A pair of clamping devices 32, 32 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the spud 11 to clamp the spud 11, and a locking member 34 is fitted into the circumferential groove 33 on the outer surface of the spud 11 in the middle of the spud 11 so that the leg body 12 can be secured. spud 1
The basic configuration includes a hanger device 35 for fixing to 1. Note that the clamp device 32 and roller device 46 are as shown in FIG.
It is housed in a storage box A, and is disposed on the lower part of the leg body 12 and on the upper surface of the deck part 13 while being housed in the storage box A.

Next, to explain each of these devices in detail, the clamp device 32 includes three clamp shoes 31 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the spud 11, and the clamp shoes 31, as shown in FIG. The main components are a link mechanism 36 that presses the spud 11 toward the spud 11, and a hydraulic cylinder 37 that operates the link mechanism 36.

The clamp shoe 31 is entirely made of hard rubber, and its inner surface is formed in an arcuate shape so as to tightly press against the outer surface of the spud 11, and a bracket 31a is provided on the outer surface.

Further, the link mechanism 36 and this link mechanism 3
The hydraulic cylinder 37 that operates the spud 1
The basic structure is such that the clamp shoes 31 are connected to each other in a ring shape along the circumferential direction of the spud 11 so that the clamp shoes 31 are located at three equal positions in the circumferential direction of the spud 11.

As shown in FIG. 5, the link mechanism 36 includes a pair of support arms 36a, 36 whose center portions are supported by a fixing pin 38 so as to be rotatable laterally.
a, the free ends of which face each other are pin-coupled to the bracket 31a of the clamp shoe 31, and the other free ends are pin-coupled to the rod 37a and cylinder 37b of the hydraulic cylinder 37, respectively.

Further, a roller device 46 disposed between the clamp devices 32 is basically the same as the clamp device 32, as shown in FIG. Instead of the clamp shoe 31 shown in FIG. 5, the roller 45 supported by a leaf spring 47 is attached to an operating mechanism in which a link mechanism 36 and a hydraulic cylinder 37 are alternately connected in a ring shape.

On the other hand, the locking member 34 of the hanger device 35 that fixes the leg body 12 to the spud 11 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 4.
0, and this locking member 34 is configured so that the entire locking member 34 can be moved up and down in accordance with the tide level. That is, the locking member 34 is supported by a spiral jack 41 as shown in FIG. It is now possible to align the

Although not shown in the drawings, this offshore structure is provided with a control means for adjusting the amount of ballast in the ballast tank 25 and the coupling relationship between the spuds 11 and the legs 12. This control means is composed of a sensor (pressure sensor, etc.) that detects the load generated on the leg 12, etc., and a computer connected to the sensor, and is configured to control the output from the computer and the balance condition of the structure. The entire structure is controlled by comparative monitoring and the like. In addition, when controlling offshore structures using a computer, consider the following environmental conditions, etc., in advance, and
Various designs such as the top height, shape, and dimensions of the deck portion 13 are also being carried out.

Environmental conditions Tide level Minimum tide level ±0.00m Highest tide level +3.00m Water depth 20.0m Waves (during stormy winds) Wave height H1/3=4.0m, Hmax=7.2m Period T=7.0~11.0sec Wind Wind speed V=60m/sec Tide Flow Current velocity U = 0.2 m/sec When designing the ballast tank 25, the spud 11 is designed to have a capacity that can apply a slight pushing force, and in the event of a storm, the environmental load mentioned above is Therefore, a structure is designed that allows for balancing so that excessive pushing force or pulling force does not act on the spud 11.

The position of the deck part 13 is set at a height that will not be affected by waves even at the highest water level, and the distance between the deck part 13 and the sea surface is set to give a sense of being on the sea.

Next, the operation of the spud-type marine structure constructed as described above will be explained.

As shown in Fig. 1, in order to construct the above-mentioned spud-type marine structure on the sea, the airport building, which is mainly composed of the deck girder 20, the legs 12, the deck part 13, etc., must be assembled in advance using a dock or the like. Then, the buoyancy of the ballast tank 25 is increased to float it in the sea, and it is towed by a tugboat to the installation location.

Next, the spuds 11 are driven into the seabed through the holes in the legs 12, and the rigging is applied to complete the commuter airport as shown in FIG.

Note that when driving the spud 11 into the seabed, if a jig 50 is used to maintain the verticality of the spud 11 as shown in FIG.
This is preferable because it is guided by the guide hole 50a and driven into the seabed while maintaining vertical parallelism.

Most of the marine structure can be constructed in a factory, and the spuds 11 can be installed at the same time as the floating structure, so the construction period can be shortened.

In the case of a spud-type offshore structure having such a configuration, for example, as shown in FIG. You will be able to respond freely.

For example, in normal use, if the ballast is fixed and the roller device 46 of the coupling means 30 is activated to cause the roller 45 to work, the structure will not move horizontally due to tidal currents, wind, etc., and will follow the tide and move up and down. It will move. Note that the roller device 46
In order to operate, the roller 45 is set with a slight distance from the spud 11 so that the vertical movement of the structure is not restricted by the pressure applied by the roller 45.

In addition, in the case of stormy waves, the clamping device 3
2. By activating the hanger device 35, etc., and fixing the entire floating structure to the spud 11 in a so-called soft-bottomed system, vertical movement, horizontal movement, etc. can be eliminated, and the influence of storm waves can be reduced. can be reduced.

Further, in the event of an earthquake, if all of the coupling means 30 are loosely fitted and a so-called floating structure is adopted, influence from the ground can be prevented.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and, for example, the coupling means 30 and the like can be modified in various ways.

For example, if the coupling means is composed of a clamp device that clamps the spud by pressing a clamp shoe onto the outer surface of the spud, and a roller device that clamps the spud by pressing a roller that rolls in the axial direction of the spud against the outer surface of the spud, first, If the spud is connected only by a roller device, horizontal movement of the deck portion is suppressed, and if the spud is clamped by a clamp device, vertical movement can also be eliminated.

Further, one of the coupling means is constituted by a hanger device that fixes the leg body to the spud by fitting a locking member into a circumferential groove on the outer surface of the spud, and when the locking member is fitted into the circumferential groove on the outer surface of the spud, The legs are fixed to the spuds, eliminating the effects of weather such as tides, wind, waves, etc., and eliminating vertical and horizontal movements of the deck.

Furthermore, by arranging the ballast tank on the leg of the deck part, the buoyancy of the tank can be easily adjusted and the structure can be made more compact.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, the present invention includes a deck portion including a plurality of spuds whose lower ends are embedded in the seabed, a plurality of legs loosely fitted around the outer periphery of each of these spuds, and a ballast tank provided in the ballast tank, a coupling means for coupling the legs and the spuds, and a control means for adjusting the amount of ballast in the ballast tank and the coupling relationship between the spuds and the legs; The coupling means includes a clamping device that clamps the spud by thickly attaching a clamp shoe to the outer surface of the spud, and a roller device that clamps the spud by pressing a roller rolling in the axial direction of the spud against the outer surface of the spud, and the control means includes: ,
The structure includes a sensor that detects the load of the structure acting on the spud, and a computer that compares the detected value of the sensor with the balance condition of the structure and outputs the amount of ballast and a control signal for the coupling means. Therefore, the following excellent effects can be achieved.

By pouring water into the ballast tank, a balance between buoyancy and self-weight can be ensured, making it possible to respond to various load conditions, water depths, and various ground characteristics. Also,
According to the above, it is possible to correspond to the weight distribution of upper facilities constructed on the deck part, and it is possible to improve applicability to various marine facilities.

In addition to adjusting the amount of ballast, by adjusting the coupling relationship, it is possible to adjust the fluctuations in the spud reaction force caused by tidal fluctuations, and depending on the application, all coupling means can be released to allow the legs to move freely relative to the spats. By setting it in the fitted state, the deck part can be made to follow the tide and its hydrophilicity can be ensured. Furthermore, since it is possible to reduce the movement of the deck part due to waves, wind, etc., there are also advantages such as improving livability.

The structure allows the floating structure (deck part) to be moored by loosely fitting the legs around the outer circumference of the spud whose lower end is embedded in the seabed, so the deck part can be stably moored in the ocean without the need for special mooring means. It can be installed in In addition, it is possible to ensure resistance equivalent to that of piles against horizontal forces caused by environmental loads.

By adjusting the amount of ballast, the pushing force and pulling force of the spud can be reduced, making it possible to shorten the length of the spud.

Note that the adjustment of the amount of ballast, the adjustment of the coupling relationship of the coupling means, etc. can be easily carried out by the control means, so it is possible to
It will be possible to respond flexibly to earthquakes, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 9 show embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view of the marine structure of the embodiment applied to a commuter airport, and Figure 2 shows the upper surface of the deck part on the left and right, and the middle FIG. 3 is a side view thereof, FIG. 4 is a side view showing an example of a coupling means consisting of a clamp device, a roller device, a hanger device, etc., and FIG. 5 is an example of a clamp device. 6 is a half-sectional view showing the coupling means, FIG. 7 is a side view showing an example of a roller device, and FIG. 8 is a side view shown to explain the procedure for driving the spud into the seabed. Fig. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 are shown for explaining an example of a conventional marine structure, Fig. 10 is a perspective view, and Fig. 11 is a side view thereof. It is a diagram. 10... Commuter Airport, 11... Spatsudo, 13... Deck Department, 14a... Heliport,
14...Building, 20...Deck girder, 21...
... Support beam, 22 ... Bracing beam, 23 ... Brace material, 25 ... Ballast tank, 30 ... Connection means, 31 ... Clamp shoe, 32 ... Clamp device, 33 ... Circumferential groove, 34 ... Connection Stopping member, 35...
...Hanger device, 36...Link mechanism, 37...
Hydraulic cylinder, 38...Fixing pin, 40...Hydraulic cylinder, 41...Spiral jack, 45...
...Roller, 46...Roller device.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A deck portion including a plurality of spuds whose lower ends are embedded in the seabed, a plurality of legs loosely fitted around the outer periphery of each spud, and a ballast tank provided on the deck portion. A spud-type marine structure comprising: a coupling means for coupling the legs and the spuds; and a control means for adjusting the amount of ballast in the ballast tank and the coupling relationship between the spuds and the legs, The coupling means includes a clamp device that clamps the spud by thickly attaching a clamp shoe to the outer surface of the spud, and a roller device that clamps the spud by pressing a roller rolling in the axial direction of the spud against the outer surface of the spud, and the control means is equipped with a sensor that detects the load of the structure acting on the spud, and a computer that compares the detected value of the sensor with the balance condition of the structure and outputs a control signal for the amount of ballast and the coupling means. A spud-type marine structure characterized by: 2. The coupling means includes a clamp device that clamps the spud by thickly attaching a clamp shoe to the outer surface of the spud, a roller device that clamps the spud by pressing a roller that rolls in the axial direction of the spud against the outer surface of the spud, and The spud-type marine structure according to claim 1, further comprising a hanger device that fixes the leg body to the spud by fitting a locking member into the groove. 3. The spud-type marine structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ballast tank is arranged on a leg of a deck part.