JPH0120304B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a retarder for an automobile, and in particular, the retarder is composed of a generator, and when the generator generates electricity, torque is generated by external work. The present invention relates to a retarder for an automobile, which absorbs energy and obtains braking force, and which connects a load resistor to the armature coil of the generator and converts the generated output into heat by the load resistor.

Retarders conventionally used to brake automobiles use eddy currents, which generate eddy currents in the rotor by rotating the rotor in a magnetic field formed by a stator coil. As a result, kinetic energy was converted into thermal energy. Such conventional eddy current type retarders have the disadvantage of being large in size and weight. Furthermore, since the rotor is equipped with cooling fins, even when braking is not performed, the fins cause wind damage, which worsens fuel efficiency.

In view of these problems, a retarder consisting of a generator has been proposed. This generator is composed of, for example, an inductor type generator, and its rotor is also used as the flywheel of the engine, so that the retarder can be constructed compactly. However, in conventional retarders of this type, a load resistor is connected to the armature coil of the generator, and the electromotive force is converted into heat and consumed by the load resistor. Moreover, this load resistor was housed in a dedicated cooling casing and was cooled with water or oil. Therefore, such a retarder cooling device has the disadvantage that the generated output is not effectively utilized. Furthermore, a dedicated cooling device must be provided, which has the disadvantage of complicating the configuration.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> In order to eliminate these drawbacks, for example, as seen in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-198319, the retarder is configured with a generator, so that the retarder is There is a system that recovers the generated power output over time.

However, batteries installed in automobiles are generally lead-acid batteries, and the amount of energy that can be stored per unit weight is significantly smaller than that of fossil fuels. For this reason, the capacity of the battery is usually set to the minimum necessary for starting the engine, parking lights, etc. from the standpoint of improving the transportation efficiency of automobiles. In addition, the current generated by the retarder is extremely large compared to the current generated by the alternator, which is installed as an auxiliary device for the engine, and when the battery charging current is increased, battery deterioration accelerates. However, it is virtually impossible to directly charge the power generated by the retarder into the battery, and it is not always effective to recover the power generated by operating the retarder into the battery, as seen in the conventional example mentioned above. It could not be said that it was.

Therefore, at least a portion of the energy (electricity) generated by the retarder's operation is consumed for the essential requirements of the vehicle to improve engine durability or warm-up characteristics, thereby improving overall economic efficiency. For example, it is efficient because it does not require an increase in the capacity of the power storage means (battery).

In other words, when driving down a long slope while operating the retarder and applying engine braking, the engine of the automobile is overcooled, causing the temperature of the combustion chamber to drop more than necessary. And after such a descent,
When climbing a hill with the engine running at full load, the engine temperature will rise rapidly. Therefore, if the engine is driven at full load after driving with the engine brake applied while operating the retarder, a heat cycle will occur in the engine, causing significant wear on the piston rings and cylinder liners. Ta.

Also, when warming up the engine after starting it, if the engine temperature is low, combustion inside the engine will not be completed completely, and this will cause a lot of white smoke to be emitted in the exhaust gas. There were flaws.

The present invention was made in view of these problems, and the present invention effectively utilizes the output of the generator that constitutes the retarder to heat the intake air, thereby reducing the supercooling of the engine when the retarder is operated. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automobile retarder which prevents the generation of white smoke in exhaust gas when the engine is warmed up.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention connects a rotor of a generator constituting a retarder to a crankshaft of an engine, and connects at least one resistor connected to an armature coil of the generator to convert power output into heat. It is characterized in that the heating element of the air intake heater is installed in the intake system of the engine.

<Operation> In the retarder configured as described above, when no excitation current is supplied to the generator constituting the retarder, the generator simply functions as a rotating body, and no substantial energy is consumed. do not have.

When an excitation current is supplied to the generator, its field coil is excited, so it functions as a generator, and the energy required to drive the generator is consumed, so a braking action is performed. In addition, at least a part of the electric power obtained by such power generation is consumed by the load resistor that constitutes the heating element of the air intake heater installed in the intake system of the engine. The engine intake air is heated by the heat generated by the engine.

Therefore, even when the amount of heat generated in the combustion chamber of the engine is reduced due to the operation of the retarder, overcooling of the engine is prevented because heated intake air is supplied.

Further, when the retarder is operated during warm-up of the engine, the load on the engine increases due to the operation of the retarder, which increases the amount of fuel supplied and the amount of heat generated. At the same time, at least a portion of the electric power obtained by operating the retarder is supplied to the air intake heater to heat the intake air. Therefore, if the retarder is activated during warm-up, the load on the engine will increase, which will increase the amount of heat generated in the combustion chamber.Moreover, at least a portion of the output (generated power) of the retarder, which is the load, will be used to reduce the intake air. Since the combustion temperature is heated, it is possible to suppress the emission of white smoke caused by the low combustion temperature and to shorten the warm-up operation time.

<Example> Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings. First, Figures 1 to 5 for the first embodiment
This will be explained with reference to the diagram. FIG. 1 shows an engine 1 equipped with a retarder according to this embodiment, and this engine 1 is composed of, for example, a diesel engine. A flywheel housing 2 is provided on the rear side of the engine 1, and a crankshaft 3 is installed inside this housing 2.
A flywheel 4 fixed to the housing is housed (see Fig. 2). Furthermore, a transmission 5 is arranged on the back side of the flywheel housing 2, and changes the rotation speed of the engine 1 to an appropriate value.
The power is transmitted to the drive wheels via the propeller shaft 6.

Next, to describe the structure of the retarder provided in this engine 1, as shown in FIG. Inductor magnetic poles 7 are provided at pitches. The flywheel 4 provided with this magnetic pole 7 constitutes a rotor of an inductor type generator, and this generator constitutes a retarder of an automobile. Cases 8 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the housing 2, and a stator of an inductor type generator is housed in the cases 8.

This stator consists of a plurality of pole cores 9 arranged in the circumferential direction of the flywheel 4 as shown in FIG.
It is equipped with The lower end of the pole core 9 faces the inductor magnetic pole 7 via a small air gap, and the upper end is fixed to the cover plate of the case 8 via a stator yoke 10. The pole core 9 has an armature coil 11 and a field coil 12.
are wrapped in each. The armature coil 11 is wound across two pole cores 9, whereas the field coil 12 is wound around each pole core 9 one by one. The field coil 12 is connected to a battery 14 via a controller 13, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the armature coil 11 is connected to a load resistor 15.

This load resistor 15 is arranged within a casing 16, as shown in FIG. An air intake heater 17 is formed by this casing 16 and a load resistor 15 that constitutes a heating element. The air intake heater 17 is arranged between an intake manifold 18 attached to the side surface of the engine 1 and an intake pipe 19. An intercooler 20 is connected to this intake pipe 19, and the intake pipe 19 is also connected to a compressor 22 of a turbocharger 21. The inlet side of the compressor 22 is connected to an air cleaner 23. The turbine 24 of the turbocharger 21 is connected to an exhaust pipe 25, and the inlet side of the turbine 24 is connected to the exhaust manifold 2.
6 is connected.

Next, we will discuss the air intake heater 17, which is composed of a heating element consisting of the load resistor 15 and the casing 16.The air intake heater 17 is constructed as shown in FIG.
Both ends of the casing 16 are connected to an intake pipe 19. Inside this casing 16, a heating element 15 wound in a coil shape is disposed.
Both ends of the heating element 15 are held in the casing 16 by terminals 27. The output of the armature coil 11 is supplied through this terminal 27.

Next, the operation of this automobile retarder having the above configuration will be explained. For example, when a car is going down a long slope, the retarder switch installed in the driver's seat is turned on. Then, current flows from the battery 14 to the field coil 12 of this inductor type generator via the controller 13 shown in FIG. 2, and the coil 12 is excited. Field coil 12
As shown in FIG. 3, two pole cores 9 are magnetized in opposite directions, and a pair of pole cores 9 around which a common armature coil 11 is wound are magnetized to have opposite polarities. Therefore, at a certain moment, the magnetic circuit 2 as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
8 is formed, and when the flywheel 4 rotates and the inductor magnetic pole 7 moves by an angle corresponding to the pitch of the pole core 9, a magnetic circuit 29 as shown by the chain line in FIG. 3 is formed.

The magnetic flux passing through these magnetic circuits 28 and 29 both interlinks the armature coil 11 and
The directions of the magnetic fluxes passing through the two magnetic circuits 28 and 29 are reversed. Therefore, due to this change in magnetic flux, an electromotive force is induced in the armature coil 11,
This inductor type generator will generate electricity.
This means that the engine 1 or the vehicle drives the flywheel 4, and the work done from the outside at this time absorbs torque, thereby providing braking force. Therefore, the electric power generated by the inductor type generator applies braking force to the vehicle, and the vehicle is decelerated.

The output thus generated is consumed by the heating element 15 of the air intake heater 17 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. That is, the output of the generator constituting the retarder is converted into heat by the load resistor 15 consisting of this heating element. And this air intake heater 1
7 is connected between the intake pipe 19 and the intake manifold 18, so that the intake air supplied to the engine through the intake pipe 19 and the manifold 18 is heated. Therefore, when the retarder is used to brake the engine 1 or the vehicle, the air intake heater 17 heats the intake air.

Generally, when the retarder is applying braking force to the engine 1 or the vehicle, the accelerator pedal is fully released, and almost no fuel is being supplied to the engine 1. Therefore, if the intake air is not heated, the temperature inside the engine 1 will drop rapidly, resulting in supercooling. However, in the automobile according to this embodiment, when the retarder is operating, the intake air is heated by the load resistor 15, so that abnormal temperature inside the engine 1 when the retarder is operating is prevented. This prevents the engine from overcooling. Therefore, the retarder brake is released and engine 1
Even when the engine 1 is operated at full load, no sudden temperature changes occur inside the engine 1.
For this reason, it is possible to prevent heat cycles from occurring. Therefore, it is possible to prevent piston rings or cylinder liners from being worn out due to this heat cycle, and the life of the engine 1 can be extended.

Furthermore, the retarder according to the present embodiment has an engine 1
Even when performing warm-up operation, the intake air is heated. That is, when performing warm-up operation after starting the engine 1, the retarder switch provided at the driver's seat is turned on. Then, a current is supplied from the battery 14 to the field coil 12, which activates the retarder and generates a power generation output. This power generation output is consumed by a heating element 15 constituting the air intake heater 17, and the heat generated by the heating element 15 heats the intake air. Therefore, even when the engine 1 is warmed up, the temperature of the intake air supplied to the engine 1 through the intake pipe 19 and the intake manifold 18 increases, achieving more complete combustion and generating electricity. Therefore, as the load on the engine increases, the amount of fuel supplied increases compared to the case of no-load operation, and the amount of heat generated in the combustion chamber increases.In addition to heating the intake air, the amount of heat generated also increases. As a result, the combustion temperature increases. Therefore, the amount of white smoke in the exhaust gas due to incomplete combustion is reduced, or the emission of white smoke can be prevented.

Next, a modification of the above embodiment is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
This will be explained with reference to the diagram. The air intake heater 17 of the above embodiment was constructed as shown in FIG. 5, and the coil-shaped heating element 15 was disposed inside the cylindrical casing 16. As shown in FIG. 6, a bent heating element 15 may be placed inside the casing 16. Also in this case, both ends of the heating element 15 are held by the casing 16 via the terminals 27. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, a bent heating element 15 may be disposed within a casing 16 having a rectangular cross section, and both ends of the heating element 15 may be held in the casing 16 by terminals 27. In these two modifications as well, when the intake air passes through the interior thereof, the intake air can be heated by the heat generated by the heating element 15.

Further, in the first embodiment, the load resistor 15 is connected to the air intake heater 1 as shown in FIG.
7 heating element, this air intake heater 17
Although the air intake heater 17 is connected between the intake manifold 18 and the intake pipe 19, the air intake heater 17 may be installed at other positions in the intake system.
For example, the intercooler 20 and the intake manifold 18
It may be connected to the intake pipe 19 at a position intermediate between the two. Or again intercooler 2
0 and the compressor 22 of the turbocharger 21. Alternatively, the compressor 22 of the turbocharger 21 may be installed between it and the air cleaner 23. Furthermore, it is also possible to attach it to the air intake side of the air cleaner 23.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. In this example,
Parts corresponding to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions of parts having the same configuration will be omitted. In this second embodiment, the casing of the air intake heater 17 has a rectangular cross section as shown in FIG. Then, so as to cross the internal space of this casing 16,
Five load resistors 31 to 35 are attached. These load resistors 31 to 35 are composed of mutually independent resistors. These load resistances 31 to 35
As shown in FIG. 9, they are selectively connected to the armature coil 11 and battery 14 of the inductor generator via a changeover switch 36, respectively. Further, five load resistors 31 to 35 are connected in series, and switches 37, 38, 39, and 40 are connected to the connection points of the two resistors, respectively.

In the above configuration, when starting the engine 1 at a low temperature, the changeover switch 36 shown in FIG. 9 is switched to the battery 14 side as shown by the solid line, and each of the four switches 37 to 40 is left open. . Then the five resistors 31-3
5 are connected in series with each other, which increases the value of their combined resistance. Therefore, the amount of current flowing from the battery 14 to the series circuit of the resistors 31 to 35 becomes extremely small. When starting the engine 1 at low temperatures in this manner, the air intake heater 17 is heated by the battery 14 to warm the intake air.

In contrast, when operating a retarder,
The switch 36 shown in FIG. 9 is switched to the armature coil 11 side of the retarder as shown by the dotted line, and the four switches 37 to 40 are closed, respectively. In this way, the five load resistors 31 to 35 are connected in parallel to the armature coil 11, allowing a large amount of current to flow from the armature coil 11 to the five load resistors 31 to 35. This makes it possible to effectively consume the power generation output of the retarder.

In this way, in the retarder according to this embodiment, since the air intake heater 17 also heats the intake air at the time of starting, the load resistances 31 to 35 can be used more effectively. Become. Furthermore, in this embodiment as well, when the retarder is operated, the intake air is heated by the five load resistors 31 to 35, and overcooling of the engine 1 can be prevented. Furthermore, by heating the intake air during warm-up operation, it is possible to prevent white smoke from being emitted.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment as well, parts corresponding to those in the above two embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions of parts having the same configuration will be omitted. The feature of this embodiment is that two main resistors 42 and 43 are provided in addition to the load resistor 15 in order to consume the generated output of the retarder. The main resistor 42 is for warming the cooling water of the engine 1, and is arranged inside the water tank 44. Note that this water tank 44 is connected to a radiator 46 and a thermostat valve 47 via a water pump 45.
6 or sent from a thermostatic valve 47 without passing through a radiator 46, the pump 45 introduces the cooling water into the engine 1. The inlet side of the radiator 46 is connected to the water jacket of the engine 1 via a thermostatic valve 47. The second main resistor 43 is disposed in an oil pan 48 disposed at the bottom of the cylinder block of the engine 1, and is designed to heat the lubricating oil of the engine. and these two resistors 42, 43
is connected to the retarder armature coil. On the other hand, the load resistor 15 of the air intake heater 17 is connected to the armature coil 12 of the retarder and the battery 14 via a changeover switch 49.

In the above configuration, when starting the engine 1 at a low temperature, the field coil 12 of the retarder is not excited by the battery 14, and the retarder is not operated. Then, the changeover switch 49 shown in FIG. 10 is connected to the battery 14 side as shown by the solid line. Then, the load resistor 15 generates heat due to the battery 14, which heats the intake air introduced through the intake pipe 19. Therefore, the air intake heater 17 warms the intake air, making it possible to start the engine 1 easily.

Next, when the engine 1 is to be warmed up, the field coil 12 of the retarder is excited by the battery 14 to operate the retarder. Then, the changeover switch 49 is switched to the retarder side as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 10, and the load resistor 15 is caused to generate heat by the output of the retarder. Therefore, in this case, the intake air introduced through the intake pipe 19 is heated by the power generation output of the retarder, and this heating of the intake air can prevent white smoke from being discharged. Furthermore, in this case, the output of the retarder is supplied to the main resistor 42, and this resistor 4
The temperature of the cooling water of the engine 1 is increased by the heat generated by the engine 2. Furthermore, the output of the retarder is supplied to a main resistor 43, and the heat generated by this resistor 43 raises the temperature of the lubricating oil of the engine 1. Therefore, according to such a configuration, the temperature rise of the cooling water and lubricating oil of the engine 1 during warm-up is promoted, and warm-up is performed quickly.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the braking force is obtained by the retarder, the field coil 12 is excited by the battery 14. The output of this retarder is then supplied to the load resistor 15 and main resistors 42 and 43, respectively. By supplying the power generation output of the retarder to the load resistor 15 and heating the intake air, cooling of the combustion chamber of the engine 1 during braking is prevented,
It is possible to reduce wear on the parts that make up the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the output of this retarder is the main resistance 4
2 and 43, the temperature of the cooling water and lubricating oil of the engine 1 are increased during braking. In this way, overcooling of the engine 1 is prevented.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, the present invention configures the heating element of the air intake heater interposed in the intake system with at least a part of the load resistor connected to the armature coil of the generator that constitutes the retarder. The present invention relates to a retarder for an automobile that heats intake air by the heat generated by the load resistor. Therefore, according to the present invention, overcooling of the engine can be prevented by heating the intake air when the retarder is activated. In addition, by operating the retarder during engine warm-up, the load on the engine is increased, the amount of fuel supplied is increased, and the amount of heat generated is increased. At the same time, at least a portion of the electric power obtained by operating the retarder is The combustion temperature is increased by heating the intake air with the air intake heater supplied. Therefore, the combustion conditions are improved, and the emission of white smoke during warm-up operation can be suppressed, and the warm-up operation time can be shortened. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the components of the retarder and the components of the air intake heater are combined so that at least a part of the load resistor connected to the armature coil of the generator constitutes the heating element of the air intake heater. Since it is also used as both, it is also possible to suppress an increase in the number of parts.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an engine equipped with a retarder according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the retarder, FIG. 3 is an expanded longitudinal sectional view of the stator of the retarder, and FIG. Figure 4 is a plan view showing the intake system of an engine equipped with this retarder, Figure 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the air intake heater attached to this intake system, and Figures 6 and 7 are modifications of the air intake heater. An enlarged sectional view showing an example; FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of an air intake heater equipped with a load resistor connected to a retarder according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 9 is a circuit diagram showing the connection of the same load resistor, Figure 10
The figure is a side view of an engine equipped with a retarder according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In addition, in the symbols used in the drawings, 2... flywheel housing, 4... flywheel, 7... inductor magnetic pole, 9... pole core, 11... armature coil, 12... field coil, 15... Load resistance (heating element), 16...Casing, 17...Air intake heater, 19...
...Intake pipe, 31-35...Load resistance, 42, 43
...Main resistance, 44...Water pump, 48...
It's an oil pan.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. By connecting a retarder made of an inductor type generator to an engine, when this generator generates electricity, it absorbs torque and obtains braking force by the work done from the outside, and at the same time, the retarder of the generator In a retarder configured to convert power generation output into heat by a load resistor connected to an armature coil, the rotor of the generator is coupled to the crankshaft of the engine, and at least a portion of the load resistor is connected to the engine crankshaft. A retarder for an automobile, characterized in that it constitutes a heating element of an air intake heater installed in an intake system.