JPH01194856A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To miniaturize and lighten an apparatus by making a field winding and a commutating-pole winding superconductive and by cooling an armature and the like by the use of the sensible heat of evaporation gas of a refrigerant. CONSTITUTION:An electric motor is composed of a field core a, an armature core 3 being an armature, an armature winding 4 fitted to said armature core, a yoke 5, and a commutator 6. Also, winding is applied to said core 1 of the motor, which is, therefore, equipped with a field winding 11 constituted by a superconducting wire of, for example, Y-Ba-Cu-O and the like becoming superconductive at the liquid nitrogen temperature and under, a commutating- pole winding 12 applied to a commutating-pole core 13 composed of superconducting wire in like manner, a cylinder 14, an adiabatic layer 15, and an adiabatic container 17. Further, said motor has an armature shaft 18, its own fan 19, and an injection tube 21 for a tefrigerant 22. In this manner, said field winding 11 and commutating-pole winding 12 are kept superconductive and a current density is raised by unresisted loss to miniaturize said windings. Also, the evaporated liquid nitrogen is guided from a passage 23 into the armature to cool the armature winding 4 and others.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to electric motors, and particularly to electric motors having field poles such as DC motors.

[Conventional technology]

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional DC motor disclosed in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 48-501, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view thereof.

In the figure, the code (1) is the field core which becomes the field pole, and (2
) is the field core (field winding attached to 11, (3) is the armature core which is the armature, (4) is the armature winding attached to the armature core (3), (5) is the yoke , (6) is a commutator.

Next, the operation of this conventional device will be explained.

Field winding 1fa (by applying DC current to 2+, field pole (1)
On the other hand, the armature winding ( 4), an electromagnetic force acts in the circumferential direction, and rotational force is generated in the armature core, that is, the armature (3).

Further, the field winding (21) and the armature winding (4) are generally constructed by winding normal conductive metal materials such as copper wire.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Since the conventional electric motor is configured as described above, the armature winding (4) and the field winding (2) have electrical resistance and generate loss when current flows through them. and generate heat, so the current density at the rating should be set at 6 to 7 A/-13.
It is necessary to design the coil to suppress the current to ~4 A/-, and therefore, there is a problem that the coil cannot be made smaller and lighter, and the efficiency also decreases due to Joule loss.

This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to downsize the armature winding and the field winding, and also to reduce the Joule loss generated in the field winding, thereby improving efficiency. The purpose is to obtain an electric motor that can

[Means to solve the problem]

The electric motor according to the present invention includes a field pole winding made of a superconductor, a refrigerant for maintaining the winding made of the superconductor at a temperature below its critical temperature, and a heat insulating container for storing the refrigerant. The evaporative gas of the refrigerant is introduced into the motor so that it is sent to the armature windings and other parts of the motor to cool them by means of a fan.

[Effect]

In the electric motor according to the present invention, as described above, the windings of the field poles become superconducting by being cooled by the refrigerant, so that the electric resistance thereof is zero and no loss occurs. Also,
The evaporated gas of the refrigerant, which maintains the field pole windings in a superconducting state, is guided to a predetermined position within the motor, and a self-supporting fan is used to
After exchanging heat with the armature and other armature parts, it is discharged outside the armature and collected. Therefore, the armature winding is cooled by the sensible heat of the evaporated gas of the refrigerant.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained below based on the drawings showing one embodiment thereof.

In Figure 1, (1) is the field core, (3) is the armature core, (4) is the armature winding attached to the armature core (3), (5) is the yoke, ( 6) is a commutator.

(11) is wound around this field core (1), and is made of liquid nitrogen (LN2) such as Y-Ba-Ou-0 system.
The field winding (12) is made of superconducting wire that becomes superconducting below the temperature, and the commutator winding (14) is also made of superconducting wire and is wound around the commutator iron core (13). is a stainless steel cylinder that forms an airtight container with the yoke (5), (16) and (16) are heat insulating layers to reduce heat intrusion from the outside, and the airtight container is heat insulated. container(
17).

Also, (18) is the armature shaft, and (19) is the armature shaft (18).
), (20) is a duct, (21) is a liquid injection pipe that injects liquid nitrogen, which is a refrigerant (22), into an insulated container (17), and (23) is a evaporation pipe. This is a passage for introducing liquid nitrogen (22) into the electric motor, and arrows (24) in the figure indicate the flow of evaporated liquid nitrogen.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be explained.

Liquid nitrogen (22) is injected into the heat insulating container (17) through the injection pipe (13) and stored therein.

The yoke (5) has a field core (1) and a commutator core (13).
A field winding (11) and a commutator winding (12) each made of a superconducting wire are wound thereon, and liquid nitrogen (22), which is a refrigerant, is placed in a heat insulating container (17). According to
maintained in a superconducting state. Therefore, the field winding (11
) and the commutator winding (12) become zero, eliminating resistance loss, and thereby making it possible to increase the current density and downsize the winding.

On the other hand, the intrusion of heat from the outside is prevented by the heat insulating layer (16) and (1
6), it is prevented as much as possible, but a slight amount of heat intrusion is prevented.
This heat infiltration causes liquid nitrogen to evaporate. This evaporated liquid nitrogen is guided into the armature through the passage (23), exchanges heat with the armature winding (4), commutator winding (6), etc. to cool them, and cools them. The armature core (3) is cooled through the duct (20) provided in the duct (20), and is discharged to the outside of the motor by the self-fan (19).

With this configuration, the armature winding (4
) can also increase the current density compared to the conventional one, and the armature winding (4) can also be made smaller.

In the above embodiment, the field winding and the commutator winding are cooled by immersing them in liquid nitrogen, but the liquid nitrogen piping is brought into close contact with the field winding, and the multi-winding is cooled by heat conduction. It is also possible to cool the superconducting state to a superconducting state, and the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained.

In addition, although liquid nitrogen is used as the refrigerant, it is not limited to this, and any material that exhibits a superconducting state with other refrigerants may be used. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, According to this invention, the field winding and the commutator winding are made superconducting, and the armature and other parts of the armature are also cooled using the sensible heat of the evaporated gas of the refrigerant. Therefore, the current density of each winding can be made higher than before, and the winding can be made smaller and lighter.
Furthermore, since the resistance loss in the field winding and the commutator winding is reduced to zero, it is possible to obtain a motor that can improve efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an electric motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional electric motor, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. In the figure, (1)...field pole (field core), (3)
・・Armature (armature core), (4)・Fist armature winding, (
11) --Field winding, (L2) --Commuting pole winding, (13
)...Commuting pole core, (17)...Insulating container, (19)・9
Self-fan, (22)... Refrigerant (liquid nitrogen), (23
)...Passage, (24)φ・Flow of evaporated liquid nitrogen. In each figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (1)

[Claims] The windings attached to the iron core are made of a superconductor, and the field poles include a refrigerant that maintains the windings of the superconductor below a critical temperature and an insulating container that stores the refrigerant, The evaporated gas of the refrigerant is used to cool the armature winding of the armature and other parts of the motor using a self-fan.
An electric motor characterized by being installed inside the electric motor.