JPH0119040B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a digging device used for digging tunnels, etc.

Excavation of tunnels, etc. has been done by pouring gunpowder into a pilot hole drilled using a rock drill and detonating it, but the traditional method of using gunpowder causes severe vibrations and noise, so There were problems with pollution prevention. Also, the destroyed rocks would be scattered, which was unfavorable from a safety point of view.

As a rock breaking device that does not use explosives, it includes a pair of pressing rods that are inserted into a pilot hole drilled in advance in the rock, and a gap between the pressing rods that is inserted into the gap between the pair of pressing rods using hydraulic pressure. Hydraulic stone breakers are known, which are equipped with a wedge bar that acts to push and spread the holes, and which crush the hole wall of the pilot hole using the push bar, but conventional hydraulic stone breakers have to be lifted manually. However, it has not been possible to efficiently excavate tunnels, etc. using this system.
As an improvement to this, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-100102, a rock drill and a hydraulic wedge-type breaking device are installed symmetrically on the upper and lower surfaces of the guide rail, and the rock drill and the hydraulic wedge-type breaking device are mounted symmetrically and reversed with respect to each other. There is a device that destroys rock by inserting the wedge of a breaking device into a hole drilled by a rock drill, but since the direction in which the wedge of the breaking device is always pressed is constant, the rock is free to move. Due to the position of the surface, etc., it was not possible to direct the pressure in the direction in which the rock is likely to break.

The present invention provides a trenching device and a trenching method that can efficiently trench a tunnel or the like using a hydraulic stone splitter.
This will be explained below.

First, to explain the trenching device, the trenching device according to the present invention has a guide cell rotatably in the horizontal and vertical directions at the tip of a vertically movable boom provided on a cart having a traveling device. A pair of pressure rods are inserted into a pilot hole drilled in the rock with a slight gap between them, and the pressure rods are inserted into the gap between the pair of pressure rods using hydraulic pressure to push the pair of pressure rods apart. A hydraulic stone splitter equipped with a working wedge rod is supported on a carriage slidably attached to the guide cell via a support ring rotatable around its axis, and the hydraulic stone splitter is guided. It is characterized by being provided with a feeding device that moves the cell back and forth along the cell, and a rotating means that rotates the hydraulic stone splitter around its axis.

1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention, and this trenching device 1 has a hydraulic stone splitter 3 attached to the tip of a boom 4 of a trolley 3 equipped with a traveling device 2.
5 is installed. Although the traveling device 2 is an endless track in the illustrated example, it may be tires or wheels that run on rails. The boom 4 is pivotally attached to the body of the truck in the vicinity of the cabin 6, and is configured to be able to be rotated up and down by a hydraulic cylinder 7 and to be able to rotate together with the cabin 6 in a horizontal plane.

A base 9 is pivotally attached to the tip of the boom 4 so as to be rotatable in the direction of arrow B, and a connecting rod 10 provided above the pivot point is connected to a piston rod 12a of a hydraulic cylinder 12 together with a rotating arm 11. It's pinned. The rear end portion 12b of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is pivotally attached to a mounting member 14 provided on the lower bent portion 4b of the boom 4, and the lower end portion of the rotating arm 11 is pivotally attached to the boom 4.

A swing bearing 15 is provided at the upper end of the base 9, and the upper member 15a can be rotated left and right by 35 degrees with respect to the base 9 by a hydraulic motor 15b. A fixture 17, which is integrally provided near the rear of the main frame 16, is fixed to the upper member 15a of the swing bearing with bolts 19. A slide bar 20 is bolted to the central upper surface of the main frame 16, and a grooved body 22 provided on the sub frame 21 is slidably fitted into the slide bar 20. Outriggers 24, 2 are attached to the guide cell 23 at both front and rear ends of the sub frame 21.
4' are provided, and the guide cell 23 is supported by these front and rear outriggers 24, 24'. These outriggers 24, 24' move up and down with a stroke of 160 mm, for example, to move the guide cell 23 up and down, and by operating only one of the outriggers, it is possible to tilt it up and down by about 5 degrees. It's getting old. Hydraulic cylinders 26, 26' are provided inside the outriggers 24, 24', and extend and contract in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper (for example, with a stroke of about 200 mm).
Furthermore, guide rails 27, 27' are provided inside thereof. The hydraulic cylinders 26, 26' are
In each case, the cylinder portion is attached to the main frame 16, and the piston rod is attached to a fixture 29 fixed to the subframe 21 as shown in FIG. By expanding and contracting these hydraulic cylinders 26 and 26', the sub frame 21 is moved to the guide cell 23.
It can also be moved in the left-right direction (in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 2).

A carriage 30 is slidably attached to the guide cell 23. The guide cell 23 has a plate-shaped rail 23a extending left and right, and the carriage 30 is attached so as to sandwich the plate-shaped rail 23a from above and below, so that the carriage 30 may deviate from the guide cell 23 during movement. Never. The carriage 30 is attached to a chain 32 extending between sprocket wheels 31 and 31' provided at both front and rear ends of the guide cell 23, and is configured to reciprocate back and forth as the chain 32 moves. ing. chain 32
is driven by a feed motor 33 with a speed reducer provided in the guide cell 23. Carriage 30
A hydraulic stone splitter 35 is attached to the body by a rotatable support ring 38 provided on the body thereof.
A rear protruding rod 36 is provided at the rear end of the hydraulic stone splitter 35, and the end thereof is attached to a motor 37 for rotating the stone splitter. The stone splitter rotation motor 37 is a rotating means for rotating the hydraulic stone splitter 35 around its axis, and includes a hydraulic cylinder that expands and contracts in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and a pinion that meshes with a rack provided on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. It is attached to a rear carriage 39 slidably provided on the guide cell 23, and a rear protruding rod 36 is attached to the pinion. When the hydraulic cylinder of the stone splitter rotating motor 37 is extended or contracted, the pinion rotates, and the rear protruding rod 36 rotates together with the main body of the hydraulic stone splitter 35. As such a motor 37 for rotating the stone splitter, for example, a torque actuator manufactured by Saiatsu Co., Ltd. can be used. It is sufficient that the hydraulic stone splitter 35 rotates by 90 degrees clockwise and counterclockwise.

FIGS. 4a and 4b are a sectional view and an external view of the tip of an example of a hydraulic stone splitter 35, and this hydraulic stone splitter 35 has a cylindrical main body 51,
This main body 51 mainly includes a front cylinder part 52 provided at the front part and a cylinder tube 53 provided at the rear part.
It is made up of. The rear portions of a pair of pressing rods 54 and the rear portions of a wedge rod 55 inserted into the gap between both pressing rods 54 are fitted into the front cylinder portion 52 . Front cylinder part 52
The rear part of the press rod 54 fitted into the press bar 54 is slightly raised, and a protruding piece 56 that protrudes laterally is provided at the rear end. A retaining ring 57 is fixed to the inner surface of the front end of the front cylinder part 52 by bolts 58, and inside the retaining ring 57 are a rubber ring 59 that surrounds both press rods 54 and a presser ring that the rubber ring 59 comes into contact with. 60 are arranged. A cap 61 is fixed to the front end surface of the front cylinder portion 52 by a bolt 62 to prevent the rubber ring 59 and the presser ring 60 from slipping forward. The length of the protruding pieces 56 on both sides of the pressing rod 54 is the same as that of the retaining ring 57.
Since the inner diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the press rod 54, the press rod 54 will not fall out forward when the retaining ring 57 is attached. The middle part of the front cylinder part 52 has a double wall structure, and the sleeve 6 is placed inside the inner wall 63.
4 is fitted. The sleeve 64 has a flange 64a at the front end and a screw 64b at the outer periphery of the rear end. With this flange 64a in contact with the front end of the inner wall 63, tighten the nut 6 onto the screw 64b.
5, the sleeve 64 is fixed. A set screw 66 for preventing loosening is screwed into the threaded portion of the sleeve 64 and the nut 65. An abutment ring 67 is screwed onto the front end surface of the sleeve 64. A groove 7 is provided on the rear outer peripheral surface of the front cylinder portion 52.
0 is provided, and a support ring 36 is rotatably fitted into this.

Next, a concentric cylinder tube 53 is connected to the rear side of the front cylinder part 52 by a bolt 73. Inside the cylinder tube 53 is a piston 7.
4 is held, and these cylinder tube 53 and piston 74 constitute a hydraulic cylinder. Piston rod 7 protrudes forward from piston 74
A threaded socket 75a having a thread on the inner surface is provided at the tip of the shaft portion 5, and a wedge rod support 76, which becomes the tip of the piston rod 75, is screwed into this threaded socket 75a. A set screw 77 for preventing loosening is provided between the shaft portion of the piston rod 75 and the threaded portion of the wedge rod support 76. A recess 78 into which the rear end of the wedge rod 55 fits is provided at the front of the wedge rod support 76 .

A groove 5 is formed in the rear end of the wedge rod 55 along its outer circumferential surface.
5a is formed, and a plurality of steel balls 79 are held between this groove 55a and a ball groove 76a bored in the inner peripheral surface of the wedge rod support 76. That is, the wedge rod 55 and the wedge rod support 76 each have a plurality of steel balls 79 partially fitted into grooves provided therein.
connected by.

The steel ball inlet 80 is provided at one location on the wedge rod support 76, and is closed by a closing screw 80a to prevent the steel balls from escaping to the outside.

The rear end surface 55b of the wedge rod 55 is formed as a convex spherical surface, and the bottom surface 78a of the recess 78 of the wedge rod support 76, which this surface abuts, is formed as a concave spherical surface such that it comes into close contact with the convex spherical surface of the wedge rod 55. has been done. For this reason, the contact area between the wedge rod 55 and the wedge rod support 76 is increased, and force is effectively transmitted between the two.

The front end opening of the cylinder tube 53 is a front lid 81.
The piston rod 75 slides on the inner surface of the front cover 81. The piston rod 75 protrudes into the sleeve 64 when moving forward;
The inner diameter of the sleeve 64 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the front cover 81, and the outer diameter of the wedge rod support 76 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the piston rod 75, so that the outer peripheral surface of the piston rod 75 comes into contact with the sleeve 64. and damage is effectively prevented. A piston 74 is screwed onto the rear end of the piston rod 75, and a set screw 82 for preventing loosening is screwed into the screwed portion. In addition, the piston 74
and O-rings 88, 8 at necessary locations on the front cover 81.
8' and gaskets 84, 84' are provided, respectively.

Hydraulic oil for advancing the piston rod 75 is supplied to the rear of the piston 74 from the hydraulic hose 92 through the oil passage 86. piston rod 75
Hydraulic oil for retracting the piston 74 is supplied to the front part of the piston 74 through an oil passage 87. During forward movement, the oil passage 87 serves as an oil return passage in front of the piston, and during retreat, oil passage 86 serves as an oil return passage behind the piston.

When using this drilling device 1, as shown in FIG. 5, first, a required number of pilot holes 96, 96, . . . are drilled in a rock drilling surface 95 using a commonly used rock drill. Next, a pair of press rods 54 of the hydraulic stone splitter 35 are inserted into the prepared hole 96, and the wedge rod 55 inserted into the gap between the press rods 54 is advanced by hydraulic pressure. The inner surfaces of both press rods 54 are both at an angle α.
Since both surfaces of the wedge rod 55 that come into contact with both of these inclined surfaces are also formed as inclined surfaces that conform to the above-mentioned inclined surfaces, as the wedge rod 55 moves forward, the distance between the two pressing rods 54 increases. expanded,
A huge amount of pressure is applied to the inner wall of the pilot hole, crushing the rock.

Since the inner diameter of the pilot hole 96 is only slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pair of press rods 54, it is generally difficult to insert the press rods 54 into a pre-drilled pilot hole. 1, the rough positioning of the stone splitter is performed by rotating the boom 4, etc., and fine adjustments are made by rotating the base 9, horizontally rotating the upper member 15a on the swivel bearing 15, and rotating the subframe 21. This can be done by lateral movement, lateral rotation, vertical movement and vertical rotation of the guide cell 23, etc.
4 can be inserted into the pilot hole 96 very easily. Furthermore, the direction in which the press rod 54 is pushed open needs to be adjusted appropriately depending on the positional relationship between the prepared hole and the free surface of the rock, but this adjustment can be done by driving the motor 37 to rotate the stone splitter body around its axis. This can be done by Hydraulic cylinder 12 for driving the base 9, upper member 15a, sub frame 21, guide cell 23, etc., hydraulic motor 15b, hydraulic cylinders 26, 26', outriggers 24, 24', stone splitter rotation motor 37, etc. If this operation is performed using a valve provided on a portable valve stand 99 connected to these hydraulic devices with a hydraulic hose 97, the position and direction of the press rod 54 can be adjusted near the pilot hole 96. Therefore, it is extremely convenient. Note that as the truck 3 equipped with the traveling device 2 and the boom 4, for example, a truck of a hydraulic excavator (for example, UHO4-2 manufactured by Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.) can be used. In this case, it would be more convenient in practice if the hydraulic stone splitter and shovel were configured to be interchangeable.

Next, to explain an effective drilling method using this drilling device, first, a plurality of pilot holes 96 are drilled in the drilling surface 95. ) is made into a continuous hole in which adjacent prepared holes communicate with each other as shown in FIG. 5, thereby forming a free surface portion in the rock mass. Another pilot hole 96 is drilled at an appropriate distance from this free surface. Once the required number of pilot holes 96 have been drilled,
Next, using the drilling device 1, the holes are crushed sequentially starting from the hole closest to the free surface. As a result, the excavation surface 95 is crushed to a depth close to the depth of the pilot hole 96, and a new excavation surface is exposed. For example, when the pressing rod 54 is closed (the wedge rod 55
If the outer diameter is 95 mm (in the retracted position), the diameter of the pilot hole should be approximately 100 mm, and if the depth of the pilot hole is approximately 1.5 m, the press rod 54 should be attached to this. It is appropriate to insert the tube for 1 m and apply pressure. The distance between the prepared holes (pitch) depends on the rock quality, but in general, it is often about 1 m. The free surface portion is preferably provided at the lowest level of the digging surface, but depending on the case, the core-hole type free surface portion may be provided at other portions, such as the center of the digging surface.

In this drilling method, a free surface area is formed in the rock by a group of pilot holes drilled as a series of holes, and a hydraulic stone splitter is used to crush the pilot hole in order from the pilot hole closest to the free surface area, so it can cover a large area. Excavation can be done efficiently and easily. Since no gunpowder is used during excavation, the generation of vibrations and noise can be reduced, and it is also advantageous from a safety standpoint. Furthermore, by using the excavating device of the present invention, the pressing direction of the pressing rod can be set to any desired direction, so it is possible to press in the direction that is most likely to break due to the free surface, cracks in the rock, etc., efficiently. Can cause destruction.

As explained above, the excavation device according to the present invention is an excellent device that can efficiently excavate tunnels and the like using a hydraulic stone splitter.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view showing one example of the excavation device according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the main part, Fig. 3 is a plan view of the main part, and Fig. 4 a and b are hydraulic stone splitters. A cross-sectional view of the press rod and an external view of the press rod, and FIG. 5 are explanatory diagrams of the excavation method. 1...Drilling device, 2...Traveling device, 3...Dolly, 4
…Boom, 6…Cabin, 7…Hydraulic cylinder, 9
...Base, 12...Hydraulic cylinder, 15...Swivel bearing, 15a...Upper member, 15b...Hydraulic motor, 1
6... Main frame, 20... Slide bar, 21... Sub frame, 23... Guide cell, 24, 24'... Outrigger, 30... Carriage, 33... Feed motor, 35... Hydraulic stone splitter, 37... Stone splitter rotation motor, 54...Press rod, 55...Wedge bar, 95...Drilling surface, 96...Prepared hole.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A guide cell is installed at the tip of a boom that can freely move up and down on a trolley with a traveling device so that it can rotate laterally and up and down, and is inserted into a pilot hole drilled in the rock with a slight gap. A pair of press rods and the 1
A hydraulic stone splitter equipped with a wedge rod that is hydraulically inserted into the gap between the pair of pressing rods and acts to push and spread the pair of pressing rods is connected to the A feeding device that is supported by a carriage slidably attached to a guide cell and that moves the hydraulic stone splitter back and forth along the guide cell, and a rotation means that rotates the hydraulic stone splitter about its axis. A digging device characterized by: