JPH0118306B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vibration damping device used for damping the vibrations of various structures, and in particular for suppressing vibrations caused by earthquakes in structures such as buildings, bridges, and towers, and for damping compressors. The present invention relates to a vibration damping device that is suitable for suppressing vibrations of devices that generate such vibrations and suppressing vibrations of piping in chemical plants.

As used herein, the term "structure" shall be interpreted in its broadest sense and shall mean any structure that vibrates due to external forces or due to internal factors.

Conventionally, various vibration damping devices using Coulomb friction damping, viscous damping, etc. have been proposed in order to protect structures from vibrations caused by earthquakes, etc. However, all of the vibration damping devices proposed so far have limited amplitude and period. It is effective only for approximately constant vibrations, and is not useful for vibrations whose amplitude and period change indefinitely, such as earthquakes. For example, a vibration damping device is known in which the upper end of a pendulum supported on a support base is connected to the floor of a structure via a link, and the vibration of the structure is absorbed by the action of the pendulum and lever. However, this vibration damping device is effective only against vibrations within a certain range of amplitude and period, and if vibrations outside the set range occur, a sufficient vibration damping effect cannot be obtained. Furthermore, in this vibration damping device, when the device is made larger in order to increase the vibration energy that can be absorbed, stagnation vibration occurs in the structure, which often results in an adverse effect on the structure.

An object of the present invention is to provide vibration damping for structures that produces a damping effect that is approximately proportional to the magnitude of vibration, thereby making it possible to significantly expand the range of vibration in which a sufficient vibration damping effect can be obtained. The goal is to provide equipment.

The present invention includes a structure and a base having a different vibration system;
a power generation device that generates power in response to mechanical displacement; a mechanical displacement transmission mechanism that transmits a relative displacement generated between the structure and the base body due to vibration of the structure to the power generation device; and an energy consumption circuit that consumes electrical energy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below along with embodiments thereof with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a frame constructed on a foundation 2, and 3 is a structure such as an oil tank supported on the frame 1. Reference numeral 4 denotes a base body disposed inside the frame 1 and fixed on the foundation 2, and this base body 4 is constructed sufficiently solidly so that it can be considered as a substantially rigid body. This base body 4 is provided so that the vibration system is different from that of the frame 1 and the structure 3, and when vibrations such as an earthquake are applied to the foundation 2, or when the structure 3 itself vibrates, the structure 3 and the base body 4 so that a relative displacement occurs between them. In this example, the structure 3 was damaged due to an earthquake.
It is assumed that a relative reciprocating displacement occurs between the base member 4 and the base member 4 in the directions of arrows A and A' shown in the figure.

The illustrated base body 4 consists of a base 401 installed on the foundation 2 and a plurality of columns 402 arranged diagonally so that their upper ends intersect at one place.The lower end of each column 402 is connected to the base 401. is fixed. The upper ends of the plurality of pillars 402 extend to near the floor of the structure 3 and are connected to each other by appropriate connectors,
A portion of the lever 6 near the upper end is pivotally supported on the upper end of this support 402 by a pin 5. One end of a link 7 is pivoted to the upper end of the lever 6, and the other end of the link 7 is attached to the floor of the structure 3 or the upper beam 1a of the frame 1.
It is pivotally supported by a bracket 8 fixed to. The length of the link 7 is set so that the lever 6 hangs down in the vertical direction when the structure 3 is at rest in a normal position. Therefore, when the structure 3 moves back and forth in the directions of arrows A and A' relative to the base 4 due to an earthquake, etc., the lever 6 rotates in the direction of arrows B and B' in the vertical plane, and the lower end of the lever 6 , the relative displacement between the structure 3 and the base 4 appears magnified.

A power generator 9 is fixed to the lower end of the lever 6. The power generating device 9 is mounted with its rotating shaft oriented perpendicular to the rotating direction of the lever 6, and a pinion gear 10 is mounted on the rotating shaft of the power generating device. On the other hand, a rack 12 having a large number of teeth arranged along an arc parallel to the locus of rotation of the gear 10 is provided on the base 401 of the base body 4. The pinion gear 10 is meshed with the rack 12, and when the lever 6 rotates back and forth as the structure 3 vibrates, the pinion gear 10 rotates and drives the power generator 9. In this embodiment, the link 7, the lever 6, the pinion gear 10, and the rack 12 constitute a mechanical displacement transmission mechanism that transmits the relative displacement that occurs between the structure 3 and the base 4 to the power generation device 9. There is.

An energy consumption circuit that consumes the electrical energy generated by the power generation device is connected to the output end of the power generation device 9. This energy consuming circuit may be any circuit that loads the generator, but typically it uses a resistor 13 as shown in FIG. 2, or a complete short circuit (resistor 13 in FIG. (with the resistance value set to zero) is used. In this case, energy is consumed by the generator's internal resistance.

The power generation device 9 may be of any type as long as it generates electrical energy in accordance with the mechanical displacement of the movable magnetic pole, and it does not matter whether it is an alternating current generator or a direct current generator.

With the above configuration, when the structure 3 vibrates due to an earthquake or the like, the lever 6 rotates, and the power generation device 9
is driven to rotate. This converts the vibration energy of the structure 3 into electrical energy. Since this electrical energy is consumed by the energy consuming circuit connected to the power generation device 9, the vibration energy of the structure 3 is consumed, and the vibration is attenuated. As is well known, the electromotive force of the power generation device 9 is proportional to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil of the power generation device, so the damping effect is proportional to the magnitude of the vibration of the structure 3. Increase or decrease. That is, when the vibration is small, the amount of vibration energy absorbed is small, and as the vibration becomes large, the amount of vibration energy absorbed increases. Therefore, an appropriate damping effect can always be obtained for vibrations with a wide range of amplitudes, and stagnant vibrations will not occur in the structure. Additionally, since the vibration damping device of the present invention converts vibration energy directly into electrical energy, it does not require a separate energy source and can be used even in the event of a power outage. Furthermore, since there is no need to use parts that tend to change over time, such as rubber, pistons, cylinders, etc. for the main components of the device, the vibration damping effect will not be lost due to changes over time, and it can be used semi-permanently. Can be done. The damping effect can also be adjusted in various ways by varying the resistance of the energy consuming circuit.

The mechanical displacement transmission mechanism for transmitting the vibration of the structure to the power generation device converts the relative displacement (reciprocating motion in the above example) between the structure and the base into a displacement (reciprocating motion in the above example) suitable for driving the power generation device. In the above example, it may include a mechanism for converting the motion into a rotational motion (in the above example), and is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the third
As shown in the figure, an arcuate rack 15 is attached to the lower end of the lever 6, and the pinion gear 1 is attached to the rotating shaft of the power generator 17 fixed on the base 401 of the base body 4.
8 may be engaged with the rack 15.

FIG. 4 shows another configuration example of the mechanical displacement transmission mechanism. In this example, a power generation device 21 is mounted on a base body 20, and a rotating plate 23 is attached to a bracket 22 fixed to the base body 20. is rotatably supported by a pin 24 approximately in the center thereof, and an arc-shaped rack 25 provided at the bottom of the rotating plate 23 is meshed with a pinion gear 26 attached to the rotating shaft of the power generator 21. There is. A pin 27 is fixed to the upper part of the rotating plate 23, and this pin 27 is attached to an inverted U-shaped connecting member 28 fixed to the floor of the structure 3 or to the beam 1a of the frame 1 that supports the floor. It is engaged in the groove 28a of.

In each of the above embodiments, the vibration damping device of the present invention is coupled to the floor of the structure 3, but the vibration damping device of the present invention can also be coupled to a portion of the structure other than the floor. For example, FIG. 5 shows an example in which the vibration damping device of the present invention is coupled to a side wall 3a of a structure 3 installed on a foundation 2. In this example, a base 31 installed on the foundation 2 A lever 33 is attached to the top of the
is pivotally supported, and the upper end of this lever 33 is connected to a link 35 to a connecting member 34 fixed to the side wall 3a of the structure 3.
are connected via. Gears 36, 36' are mounted laterally at the lower part of the base body 31 at intervals, and a rack 37 is meshed with these gears. The lower end of the lever 33 is fitted into a hole provided in the center of the rack 37, so that as the lever 33 rotates, the rack 37 reciprocates in the horizontal direction. Further, in order to guide the rack 37, a guide roller 38, which engages with the upper surface of the rack 37,
38' is attached to the base body 31. A rotating shaft of a power generator (not shown) is coupled to at least one of the gears 36, 36'. In this example, when vibrations occur in the structure 3 in the directions of arrows A and A', the lever 33 reciprocates around the pin 32, which causes the rack 37 to reciprocate horizontally and the gears 36, Rotate 36'. Gear 36, 3
At least one of 6' is connected to the rotating shaft of the power generating device, so that the power generating device generates electricity, and vibrations are damped by consuming the generated energy.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, it is also possible to connect the rack 37 directly to the side wall 3a of the structure 3 without using the lever 33. Further, in the example of FIG. 5, similar vibration damping devices may be provided on both sides of the structure 3.

The vibration damping devices of each of the above embodiments can most effectively damp vibrations in a direction that coincides with the direction of relative displacement occurring between the structure and the base.
Even when vibration occurs in a direction that is at an angle to the direction of displacement between the structure and the base, the component force can cause displacement between the structure and the base, so vibration A damping effect can be obtained. Generally, vibrations in all directions can be damped by installing at least two vibration damping devices with different directions of displacement generated between the structure and the base. In addition, the structure is supported on a support base such as an X and Y table that can be freely displaced in two directions perpendicular to each other with respect to the base body, and the displacement of the support base with respect to the base body in the X direction and the Y direction is transmitted through a transmission mechanism. It can also be configured to transmit the power to different power generation devices.

In the above explanation, a rotating type generator was used as the generator, but similar to a linear motor, a type that arranges the magnetic poles on the fixed side and the movable side linearly or along an arc and displaces them relatively. A power generator can also be used.

The configuration of the base body, the configuration of the mechanical displacement transmission mechanism, the connection structure between the vibration damping device and the structure, etc. shown in Figures 1 and 3 to 5 are only examples, and should be protected. Of course, various modifications can be made to each part depending on the shape and structure of the structure, the structure of the power generator, the mode of vibration, etc.

In the example shown in Fig. 2, the resistance value of the energy consuming circuit is set constant, but multiple resistors to be connected to the generator are prepared and selected as appropriate using a changeover switch. If it can be connected to the output end of the generator, it is convenient because the damping effect can be easily adjusted.

In the present invention, if the structure becomes larger, the power generation device may also become larger, but since the power generation device used in the present invention has a large loss and low efficiency, it is sufficient that the power generation device is large. It can be manufactured relatively inexpensively even when

The vibration damping device of the present invention can be widely applied when it is necessary to damp vibrations in a short time, and is not only used to protect buildings, tanks, or various mechanical devices from earthquakes, but also to reduce pulsation in piping in chemical plants. It can be used for the purpose of removing vibration caused by It is also useful when protecting especially important structures such as nuclear power plants from vibrations such as earthquakes.

As described above, according to the present invention, vibration is attenuated by converting vibration energy into electrical energy and consuming it, so that a sufficient vibration damping effect can be obtained even when the amplitude of vibration is not constant. Furthermore, since the amount of attenuation of vibration energy changes approximately in proportion to the amplitude of vibration, there is an advantage that an appropriate vibration damping effect can always be obtained and stagnant vibrations can be prevented from occurring in the structure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a connection diagram showing an example of an energy consumption circuit used in the present invention, and FIGS. 3 to 5 are schematic configuration diagrams of other different embodiments of the present invention. 3...Structure, 4...Base, 6...Lever, 7...
...Link, 9...Power generator, 10...Pinion gear, 12...Rack, 15...Rack, 17...
Power generator, 18... Pinion gear, 20... Base, 23... Rotating plate, 25... Rack, 26...
Pinion gear, 27... pin, 28... coupling member, 31... base, 33... lever, 35... link, 36, 36'... gear, 37... rack.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A vibration damping device that damps vibrations of a structure, including a base whose vibration system is different from that of the structure, a power generation device that generates electricity in response to mechanical displacement, and a vibration damping device that damps the structure and the base by the vibration of the structure. vibration damping of a structure, comprising: a mechanical displacement transmission mechanism that transmits a relative displacement occurring between the power generating device and the power generating device; and an energy consumption circuit that consumes electrical energy generated by the power generating device. Device.