JPH01168934A - Three-dimensional circular woven fabric and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce a bending angle of respective yarns, by constituting a woven fabric of the first group of yarns extending in the circumferential direction thereof, the second group of yarns arranged in a plane radially extending from the center of the woven fabric and the third group of yarns extending along the inner surface of the woven fabric in the axial direction thereof. CONSTITUTION:A woven fabric (F) is constituted of three yarn groups of the first group of yarns 15, extending in the circumferential direction thereof and laminated in plural layers, the second group of yarns 5 arranged zigzag in a plane radially extending from the center of the woven fabric (F) and the third group of yarns 7 arranged as yarns in the warp direction between the first group of the yarns so as to extend along the inner surface of the woven fabric (F) in the axial direction thereof.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Object of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a three-dimensional annular fabric and a method for manufacturing the same.

(Prior art) Three-dimensional annular fabrics are used as base materials for fiber-reinforced composite materials with resin or inorganic materials as matrices, and such composite material molded products have eaves and high strength, so they are used in the structures of rockets, aircraft, etc. Its usefulness as a material has been evaluated.

In particular, composite materials made of combinations of carbon fiber/carbon matrix, ceramic fiber/ceramic matrix, etc. can be used as nozzles for rocket engines and jet engines, which require heat resistance of 1000° C. or higher.

Conventionally, such a three-dimensional annular fabric is known as
42053, as shown in FIG. 13, carbon fiber rods R hardened with resin are inserted into a number of holes formed on the circumferential surface of a mandrel (core material) M as radial elements of a three-dimensional annular fabric. The threads hc are inserted into the shape of many protrusions as shown in FIG.
A three-dimensional annular fabric has been proposed, which is formed by sequentially winding a thread hg, which is inclined in the opposite direction to the thread hd, around a mandrel M.

In addition, the structure of the three-dimensional annular fabric includes radial yarns arranged in the radial direction of the annular fabric, warp yarns arranged in the axial direction along the inner peripheral surface, and circumferential yarns arranged in the circumferential direction. , and has a structure in which the circumferential yarns arranged on the outermost and innermost peripheries of the annular fabric are prevented from separating from the annular fabric by folding the radial yarns on the inside and outside of the annular fabric. It has been known. As a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional annular fabric having this structure, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-201063
As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a large number of thread guide tubes 62 are inserted into a cylindrical substrate 61 so as to be movable radially and outward in the radial direction, and adjacent to the surface of the substrate 61. Plate-shaped spacers 63 are arranged radially between the thread guide tubes 62, and a core material fixed with a wire 64 that is wound along the tip of the spacer and extends in a ring shape between the thread guide tubes 62 is used. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional annular fabric is disclosed.

In this method, first, the first endless yarn 65 is arranged in a meandering manner along the yarn guide tube 62 while being folded back at both ends of the core material in the axial direction of the substrate 61, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG. A first endless thread 65 is wound on the layer of endless thread 65 along the circumferential direction of the substrate 61 . Then, this operation is repeated a predetermined number of times (n times) to form a laminate of the first endless yarns 65 on the spacer 63. Next, the thread guide tube 62
The loop of the second endless thread 66 is inserted into the inside of the substrate 61 from inside the substrate 61, and the thread guide tube 62 is inserted into the first endless thread 65.
The first endless thread 65 is pulled out and removed from the outer surface of the laminate.
A loop of second endless yarn 66 is pulled out on the outer surface of the v4 layer of the v4 layer. Then, a third endless thread 67 is inserted as a cannulated thread into the loop of the second endless thread 66 that has been pulled out, and the first endless thread 65 is laminated by the second endless thread 66 and the third endless thread 67. A three-dimensional annular fabric is produced by tightening the .

Further, in US Pat. No. 3,719,210, a jacquard device is arranged in a ring around a mandrel that defines the shape of a three-dimensional annular fabric, and radial yarns arranged in the radial direction of the annular fabric and from the yarn supply body by feeding warp direction yarns arranged axially along the line through a jacquard device and moving the yarn supply body along a rail arranged annularly inside said jacquard device. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional annular fabric by supplying the yarn to be paid out as circumferential yarns arranged in the circumferential direction of the annular fabric is disclosed.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The three-dimensional annular fabric disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-142053 sequentially uses gold thread hc between the rods R.

Due to the configuration in which hd and hg are wound around, there is a risk that the thread wound around the outermost layer may come off from between the rods R, and since many rods R are inserted into the mandrel M, the thread There is also the disadvantage that it is troublesome to remove the mandrel M after winding is completed. Further, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 61-201063, the work of inserting the second endless thread 66 constituting the threads arranged in the radial direction of the annular fabric into the thread guide tube 62 and the thread guide tube 62
The work of removing the thread from the substrate 61 and inserting the third endless thread 67 as a cannulated thread into the loop of the second endless thread 66 takes time and is difficult to automate.

Moreover, there is the disadvantage that the density of the valve annular fabric, at least the total wall thickness of the thread guide tube 62, is reduced.

On the other hand, the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. Not only is the drive mechanism complicated,
Since the shedding of warp yarns is single shedding, that is, arranged on the same plane, it is necessary to arrange shedding devices in pairs on the same plane for each layer of circumferential yarns. It is not possible to increase the density of Furthermore, since the yarn supply body moves within one plane, there is a problem that the manufacturing speed of the circular fabric is slow.

An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional annular fabric with a novel structure that can be woven by a simpler method than conventional methods for producing three-dimensional annular fabrics, and a method for producing the same.

Structure of the Invention (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a three-dimensional annular woven fabric, which is a first invention, has a first structure that extends along the circumferential direction of the woven fabric and is laminated in multiple layers. a yarn group, a second yarn group consisting of a plurality of yarns arranged in a zigzag pattern in a plane extending radially from the center of the fabric perpendicular to the first yarn group, and its axis along the inner surface of the fabric. a third yarn group as warp direction yarns arranged between the layers of the first yarn group so as to extend in the direction, the number of the winter yarn group 2, the number of laminated layers of the first yarn group, The relationship between the number of shots of the second thread group is (number of second thread groups) + (number of swings of the second thread group) - 1 - (number of stacked layers of the first thread group), and (number of layers of the third thread group) The number of layers in the yarn group)+1≦(the number of layers in the first yarn group). Further, in the second invention, a large number of shuttle guides each having a plurality of stages of guide passages are arranged in an annular manner, a core material defining the shape of the three-dimensional annular fabric is arranged in the center thereof, and a core material is arranged on the outside of the shuttle guide. A large number of healds each consisting of a plurality of sets corresponding to the number of stages of the guide passage are arranged in a ring, and a second yarn group arranged in a plane extending radially from the center of the three-dimensional annular fabric is attached to each of the healds. A third thread group constituting the warp direction threads of the three-dimensional annular fabric is formed by each thread group, which are arranged radially around the core material in a state where they pass through eyes formed in a number corresponding to the number of the second thread groups. A plurality of healds are arranged radially around the core material with openings facing the guide passage of the shuttle guide, and a plurality of healds are arranged at positions where openings formed in the second yarn group face the guide passage. By running the shuttles along each guide path, the first yarn fed out from each shuttle is wound around the outer periphery of the core material as a circumferential yarn, and after the shuttle passes through the opening, the By sequentially changing the position of each heddle, the second yarn group was woven in a zigzag pattern within a plane extending radially from the center of the three-dimensional annular fabric, thereby producing a three-dimensional annular fabric.

(Function) The circular woven fabric of the present invention is composed of three types of thread groups, and the second thread group is perpendicular to the first thread group with respect to the first thread group extending along the circumferential direction of the fabric, and multiple sets of threads are arranged. The fabric is arranged in a zigzag manner in the same plane, and the third yarn group is arranged as warp direction yarns between the layers of the first yarn group such that the third yarn group extends in the axial direction along the inner surface of the fabric. The bending angle of each prefecture becomes smaller, making it possible to weave even yarns with high elastic modulus or large single fiber diameters that are weak against bending. Furthermore, the ease of deformation of the second yarn group arranged in a zigzag pattern is compensated for by the third yarn group as warp and direction yarns.

Further, in the manufacturing method of the second invention, a plurality of shuttles run in a plurality of stages of guide passages formed in a shuttle guide, thereby forming a second yarn group in which the shedding operation is performed by a heddle disposed outside the shuttle guide. The first yarn fed out from the shuttle is inserted into the opening formed by the first yarn and wound around the outer periphery of the core material as a circumferential yarn in multiple stages. Further, since the third yarn is arranged so as to pass between the guide paths of the complicated stages, the shuttle passes through the guide path and is woven between the layers of the first yarn group. Then, after each shuttle passes through the opening, a heald consisting of a plurality of healds 111 corresponding to the number of stages of the guide passage is operated, and the opening through which the first thread group was inserted is closed, and a new opening is formed. The second yarn group is woven in a zigzag pattern. Since the second yarn group arranged in a zigzag pattern and the third yarn group as warp direction yarns are each arranged in multiple stages in the same plane, it is possible to increase the density of the V42 yarn group and the third yarn group. .

(Example 1) A first example embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a large number of shuttle guides 3 each having a plurality of stages (four stages in this embodiment) of guide passages 2 are arranged around the core material 1 in a ring shape around the core material 1. . On the outside of the shuttle guides 3, healds 4 made of a plurality of pieces of silk corresponding to the number of stages of the guide passage 2 are arranged at positions corresponding to the spaces between the shuttle guides 3. Yarn beams 6 are arranged in each case, supplying second yarns 5 arranged in a plane extending radially from the center of the original circular fabric. Further, inside the yarn beam 6, there is a yarn beam 8 that supplies third yarns 7 constituting warp direction yarns arranged so as to extend in the axial direction along the inner surface of the three-dimensional annular fabric F.
They are arranged in a ring shape facing the shuttle guide 3. Each heald 4 has a number of eyes 9 that is one less than the number of stages of the guide passage 2 of the shuttle guide 3, and is configured to be able to move up and down independently.

The shuttle guide 3 is formed with a slit 3a that opens each guide passage 2 to the side facing the core material 1, and
As shown in FIG. 4, each of the two guide passages is provided with a yarn passage 10 extending in a radial direction with respect to the core material 1. Also, as shown in Figure 3.4, an electromagnet 1 is placed on the opposite side of the slit 3a.
1 is provided. As shown in FIG. 3, the shuttle 12 running in the guide path 2 of the shuttle guide 3 is rotatably equipped with a reel 13 in the center thereof, and has a thread payout part 12a formed inside the rear part. Further, two permanent magnets 14 are fixed to the shuttle 12 on the side of the shuttle guide 3 corresponding to the electromagnets 11. By sequentially changing the polarity of the electromagnet 11 provided in the shuttle guide 3, the shuttle 12 is moved within the guide passage 2 due to the attraction and repulsion between the permanent magnet 14 and the electromagnet 11. ing. The core material 1 is configured to be movable in its axial direction by a drive mechanism (not shown), and is gradually moved upward as weaving progresses.

Next, a case will be described in which a three-dimensional annular fabric F is woven using the apparatus configured as described above.

When weaving a three-dimensional annular fabric, first, with the core material 1 placed at a position where its upper part approximately corresponds to the upper part of the shuttle guide 3, the second yarns 5 pulled out from the yarn beam 6 are each helded. They are inserted into the holes 9 of No. 4 and arranged radially around the core material 1 while passing between the shuttle guides 3.

Further, the third threads 7 drawn out from the yarn beam 8 are inserted into the thread passage 10 of the shuttle guide 3 and arranged radially around the core material 1. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5, 4
The first yarn 15 let out from each shuttle 12 of three stages
The ends of each are fixed to the upper part of the core material 1, respectively. Then, weaving is started in this state. In this embodiment, the polarity of the electromagnet 11 provided in the shuttle guide 3 is sequentially changed between the three silk shuttles 12, which are distinguished by # marks, × marks, and O marks. The shuttle 12 moves in a circular manner around the core material 1 in a circular manner due to attraction and repulsion with the provided permanent magnet 14.
The first threads 15 let out from the annular fabric F are wound around the core material 1 as circumferential threads arranged in the circumferential direction of the annular fabric F.

Each heald 4 arranged in a set of four correspondingly between each shuttle guide 3 is operated so that the positions of the eyes 9 provided in three stages are arranged out of phase with each other. . Further, each of the healds 4a to 4d is moved up and down within a range in which the opening formed by the three second threads 5 corresponds to the guide path 2 of the shuttle guide 3. In this embodiment, since the number of stages of the guide passage 2 is four and the number of openings is two, it is possible to move the healds 4a to 4d in two stages from the reference position. As the healds 4a to 4d move, the second thread 5 inserted through the eye 9 is swung up and down, so the number of heald movement stages becomes the number of swings of the second thread group 5, and in this embodiment, the number of swings is 2. .

When the shuttle 12 marked with # runs in the guide path 2 of the shuttle guide 3 from the state shown in FIG. The core material 1 is wound around the circumferential surface of the core material 1 so that the material fed out from the shuttle 12 running on the uppermost guide path 2 becomes the innermost layer, and the material fed out from the shuttle 12 running on the uppermost guide path 2 becomes the outermost layer. And in that state, Held 4
The first heald 4a and the fourth heald 4d are moved upward, and the second heald 4b and third heald 4c are moved downward by IvI, respectively, and the next shuttle 1 indicated by the X mark is moved.
The state shown in FIG. 6(b) is reached, where 2 corresponds to the newly formed opening. From this state, the shuttle 12 passes through the newly formed opening in the same manner as described above, and the first thread 15 is inserted into the opening formed by the second thread 5. The heald 4a and the second heald 4b are moved upward, and the third heald 4c and the fourth heald 4d are moved downward one step each.
The state shown in <c> is reached. Similarly, shuttle 1
2 passes through the opening formed by the second thread 5, the first heald 4a to the fourth heald 4d are each moved up and down by one stage, and the first thread 15 is moved up and down by four stages as a circumferential thread. The second threads 5 are each wound around the outer periphery of the core material 1, and the second threads 5 are arranged in a zigzag pattern in a plane extending radially from the center of F of the three-dimensional annular fabric, and the third threads 7 are wrapped around the outer periphery of the core material 1. During this time, the core material 1 is gradually moved upward as it is woven along the surface of the core material 1 so as to extend in its axial direction, and a three-dimensional annular fabric F is successively woven. Since the bending angles of the first thread 15 and the second thread 5 are small, weaving can be performed without any problem even with threads having a high elastic modulus or having a large single mu diameter and weak against bending.

If the only threads perpendicular to the first group of yarns 15 constituting the circumferential yarns are the second group of yarns 5 arranged in a zigzag pattern, the shape of the three-dimensional annular fabric F is easily deformed. The presence of warp direction threads constituted by the 7 groups of threads 3 makes it difficult to deform.

(Example 2) Next, a second example will be described according to FIGS. 8 to 10. In the above embodiment, the shuttle 12 is configured to run in a ring-shaped running path provided independently in multiple stages, whereas in this embodiment, the shuttle 12 runs in a continuous spiral running path. This embodiment differs greatly from the previous embodiment in that the circumferential threads of the three-dimensional annular fabric F are woven independently one by one while the shuttle 12 moves along the spiral path from the upper stage to the lower stage. There is. The shuttle 12 enters the guide path 2 of the shuttle guide 3 through a guide path 16 (shown in FIG. 9) disposed outside the shuttle guide 3, and moves along the spiral path. As shown in the figure, the shuttle moves downward sequentially and escapes from the bottom guide passage 2 to the outside of the shuttle guide 3.
6 and move upward again. The shuttle 12 is formed to have a removable bobbin 17, and a thread of a length to be paid out while the shuttle 12 reaches the exit from the entrance of the spiral running path is wound around the bobbin 17. When the thread 12 reaches the outlet, the thread wound around the bobbin 17 runs out. and,
When the shuttle 12 enters the guide passage 16 from the exit of the running path and reaches the upper part thereof, an empty bobbin 17 is taken out from the shuttle 12 and placed above the guide passage 16, as shown in FIG. The bobbin is replaced with a full bobbin supplied from the full bobbin supply device 18, and is moved to the guide passage 2 of the shuttle guide 3 via the guide passage 16 again.

The thread end of the thread wound on the bobbin 17 attached to the shuttle 12 is fixedly held in a predetermined position, and as the shuttle 12 moves, the thread is let out from the bobbin 17 to open the opening formed by the second thread 5. inserted inside. Therefore, the three-dimensional annular fabric F woven by the method of this embodiment is formed with the yarn ends of the first yarns 15 as circumferential yarns protruding from the surface thereof. It is necessary to cut the yarn ends each time the yarn is wound as a circumferential yarn by the shuttle 12 or after the three-dimensional annular fabric F is woven. When the spiral formed by the guide passage 2 has a quadruple structure as shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional structure of the woven three-dimensional annular fabric F is as shown in FIG. 10. The present invention is not limited to both embodiments. For example, instead of using the attraction and repulsion force of a magnet as a method of driving the shuttle 12, as shown in FIG. A drive gear 19 is provided in a protruding state, and a tooth portion 12b that meshes with the drive gear 19 is formed on the outside of the shuttle 12.
The shuttle 12 may be moved along the guide protrusion 2a of the guide passage 2 by the engagement of the teeth 12b with the teeth 12b. Further, the shape of the core material 1 or the number and swing number of the second yarn group may be arbitrarily changed, or the number of layers of the third yarn group may be made smaller than the number of laminated layers of the first yarn group - 1. Even when the number of the second thread groups is fixed to three, it is possible to change the number of swings and the number of rows of circumferential threads as shown in FIGS. 12(a) to (C). Furthermore, in place of the configuration in which the shuttle 12 is recirculated in the second embodiment, a bobbin 17 is used.
A large number of shuttles 12 or shuttles 12 equipped with reels 13 are prepared, and the shuttles 12 are sequentially sent from the guide path 16 to the entrance of the spiral running path, and the shuttles 12 that escape from the exit are sent to another location. Bobbin 17
It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the thread is replaced or the thread is wound around the reel 13. f. Effects of the Invention As detailed above, the three-dimensional annular fabric of the first invention includes a first yarn group extending along the circumferential direction of the fabric and laminated in multiple layers, and a first thread group extending in a plane extending radially from the center of the fabric. A second yarn group arranged in a zigzag pattern and a third yarn group arranged as warp direction yarns between the layers of the first yarn group so as to extend in the axial direction along the inner surface of the fabric. Because of this structure, the bending angle of each prefecture that makes up the annular fabric is small, making it possible to weave even yarns with high elastic modulus or large single fiber diameters that are weak against bending. Furthermore, the ease of deformation of the second yarn group arranged in a zigzag pattern is compensated for by the third yarn group as warp direction yarns. In the method of the second invention, the first yarn group as circumferential yarns arranged in the circumferential direction of the three-dimensional annular fabric is wound at a time in a desired number of stages, and the second yarn group and the third yarn group are also wound in multiple stages at the same time. Since the fabric is woven in sections, the density can be increased and the manufacturing speed of the annular fabric can be increased, which is an excellent effect.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 7 show a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main parts of an apparatus for carrying out the manufacturing method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view, and FIG. Figure 3 is a partially cutaway plan view, Figure 4 is a perspective view of the shuttle guide, and Figure 5 is a partially cutaway plan view.
The figure is a schematic diagram showing the trajectory of the shuttle, Figure 6 (a)
~(C) are schematic cross-sectional views showing the weaving action, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the 4f1 weave of the circular fabric, and Figures 8-10 are the second embodiment. A schematic diagram showing the movement trajectory of the shuttle, FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the shuttle guide, and FIG.
The figure is a sectional view showing the fabric structure, Figure 11 is a partially cutaway view showing a modified example of the shuttle, and Figures 12 (a) to (C').
13 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional weaving method, FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another conventional weaving method, and FIG. 15 is the same (a partial sectional view thereof). Core material 1, guide passage 2, shuttle guide 3, heald 4, shuttle 12, first thread 15, second thread 5, third thread 7,
Three-dimensional circular woven fabric F0 Patent applicant: Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. Figure 10 Figure 15

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first layer extending along the circumferential direction of the fabric and laminated in multiple layers.
a second yarn group consisting of a plurality of sets of yarns arranged in a zigzag pattern in a plane extending radially from the center of the fabric so as to be orthogonal to the first yarn group; a third yarn group as warp direction yarns arranged between the layers of the first yarn group so as to extend in the first yarn group; The relationship between the number of swings of the second thread group is (number of second thread groups) + (number of swings of the second thread group) - 1 = (
A three-dimensional annular fabric in which (number of layers of the first yarn group) and (number of layers of the third yarn group)+1≦(number of layers of the first yarn group). 2. A large number of shuttle guides each having a plurality of stages of guide passages are arranged in a ring shape, a core material defining the shape of the three-dimensional annular fabric is arranged in the center thereof, and a core material that defines the shape of the three-dimensional annular fabric is arranged on the outside of the shuttle guide corresponding to the number of stages of the guide passages. A large number of healds each consisting of a plurality of sets of yarns are arranged in a ring, and a second yarn group arranged in a plane extending radially from the center of the three-dimensional annular fabric is attached to each heald in a number equal to the number of the second yarn groups. Openings formed by each yarn group are arranged radially around the core material and constitute the warp direction yarns of the three-dimensional annular fabric through correspondingly formed eyes. A plurality of shuttles are arranged radially around the core material in a state facing the guide path, and a plurality of shuttles are arranged in each guide path with the heald arranged in a position where the opening formed by the second yarn group faces the guide path. By running the first yarn from each shuttle along the outer periphery of the core material as a circumferential yarn, after the shuttle passes through the opening, the position of each heald in the set is sequentially changed. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional annular fabric, in which the second thread group is woven in a zigzag pattern within a plane extending radially from the center of the three-dimensional annular fabric.