JPH01168932A - Three-dimensional circular woven fabric and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent respective yarns from receiving folding friction at a small radius, by constituting a woven fabric of the first group of yarns laminated in the circumferential direction of the woven fabric and the second groups of yarns arranged in a state intersecting the first group of the yarns at right angles so as to surround the first group of the yarns. CONSTITUTION:A woven fabric (F) is constituted of two yarn groups of the first group of yarns 10 laminated in the circumferential direction thereof and the second group of yarns 24 arranged in a state intersecting the first group of the yarns 10 at right angles so as to surround the first group of the yarns 10. Thereby handling is facilitated in using fibers, such as carbon fiber, readily affected by folding friction as yarns.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Object of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a three-dimensional annular fabric and a method for manufacturing the same.

(Conventional technology) Three-dimensional annular fabrics are made of resin or inorganic material as a matrix.
Used as a base material for IN reinforced reinforced materials, such composite material molded products are considered a misdemeanor, and due to their high strength, they are used for rockets,
Its usefulness and properties as a structural material for aircraft etc. have been evaluated. In particular, composite materials made of combinations of carbon fiber/carbon matrix, ceramic fiber/ceramic matrix, etc. can be used as nozzles for rocket engines and jet engines, which require heat resistance of 1000° C. or higher.

Conventionally, such a three-dimensional annular fabric is known as
42053, as shown in FIG. 13, carbon fiber rods R hardened with resin are inserted into a number of holes formed on the circumferential surface of a mandrel (core material) M to form a radial component of a two-dimensional annular fabric. The threads hc are inserted into the shape of a large number of protrusions as shown in FIG.
and the threads hd arranged in a plane that intersects the axis diagonally.
A three-dimensional annular fabric is proposed, which is formed by sequentially winding the thread hd and the thread hg inclined in the opposite direction around a mandrel M.

In addition, the structure of the three-dimensional annular fabric includes radial yarns arranged in the radial direction of the annular fabric, warp yarns arranged in the axial direction along the inner peripheral surface, and circumferential yarns arranged in the circumferential direction. A structure in which the radial yarns are folded back on the inside and outside of the annular fabric to prevent the 1lllt theory from the annular fabric of the circumferential yarns arranged on the outermost and innermost peripheries of the annular fabric. are known. As a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional annular fabric having this structure, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-20
1063, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a large number of thread guide tubes 62 are inserted into a cylindrical substrate 61 so as to be movable radially and outward in the radial direction. Plate-shaped spacers 63 are arranged radially between the thread guide tubes 62, and a wire 6 is wound along the tip of the spacer and extends in a ring shape between the thread guide tubes 62.
A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional annular fabric using a core material fixed at 4 is disclosed.

In this method, first, the first endless yarn 65 is arranged in a meandering manner along the yarn guide tube 62 while being folded back at both ends of the core material in the axial direction of the substrate 61, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG. A first endless thread 65 is wound on the layer of endless thread 65 along the circumferential direction of the substrate 61 . Then, this operation is repeated a predetermined number of times (0 times) to form a laminate of the first endless yarns 65 on the spacer 63. Next, the thread guide tube 62
The loop of the second endless thread 66 is inserted into the inside of the substrate 61 from inside the substrate 61, and the thread guide tube 62 is inserted into the first endless thread 65.
The first endless thread 65 is pulled out and removed from the outer surface of the laminate.
A loop of second endless yarn 66 is pulled out on the outer surface of the gt layer. Then, a third endless thread 67 is inserted as a thread into the loop of the second endless thread 66 that has been pulled out, and the first endless thread 65 is laminated by the second endless thread 66 and the third endless thread 67. A three-dimensional annular fabric is produced by tightening the .

Further, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,719,210, a jacquard device is arranged in an annular manner around a mandrel that defines the shape of a three-dimensional annular fabric, and the radial yarns arranged in the radial direction of the annular fabric and the inner circumferential surface of the annular fabric are arranged in a circular manner. The warp direction yarns arranged in the axial direction along A three-dimensional annular fabric is made by supplying the threads unwound from the v! A method for building A is disclosed.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The three-dimensional annular fabric disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 142053/1980 has hc threads sequentially between the rods 8.

Because of the structure in which hd and hg are wound, the thread wound around the outermost layer is 1i3IlIl15 from between 0 and R.
Not only is there a risk of J, but also there is an inconvenience that, since a large number of rods R are inserted into the mandrel M, it is troublesome to remove the mandrel M after winding of the thread is completed. Further, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 61-201063, the work of inserting the second endless thread 66 constituting the threads arranged in the radial direction of the annular fabric into the thread guide tube 62 and the thread guide tube 62 is removed from the substrate 61 (along with the second
The work of inserting the third endless thread 67 as a thread into the loop of the endless thread 66 is time-consuming and difficult to automate.

Furthermore, there is a disadvantage that the density of the annular fabric is reduced by at least the total thickness of the thread guide tube 62.

On the other hand, with the method described in US Pat. No. 3,719,210, it is possible to automatically form a circular fabric. Not only is the drive mechanism complicated,
Since the shedding of warp yarns is single shedding, that is, arranged on the same plane, it is necessary to arrange shedding devices on the same plane for each layer of circumferential yarn, which results in one silk, and the warp spacing becomes too large. It is not possible to increase the density of warp yarns. Furthermore, since the yarn supply body moves within one plane, there is a problem that the manufacturing speed of the circular fabric is slow.

An object of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional annular fabric with a novel structure that can be woven by a simpler method than the conventional method for producing three-dimensional annular fabrics, and a method for producing the same.

Structure of the Invention Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a three-dimensional annular woven fabric, which is a first invention, is provided with a three-dimensional annular woven fabric that extends along the circumferential direction of the woven fabric and is laminated in two or more layers. A yarn group consisting of three or more yarns arranged in a jig (f) so as to surround the first yarn in a plane extending radially from the center of the fabric so as to be orthogonal to the first yarn group. The structure is such that the three or more threads are folded back at approximately 90 degrees on the inner and outer peripheries of the fabric so that they are orthogonal to each other. In the invention, a large number of shuttle guides each having a plurality of stages of guide passages are arranged in a ring, and a core material that defines the shape of a three-dimensional annular fabric is arranged in the center of the shuttle guide.
A large number of rows of bobbins are arranged in an annular manner on the outside of the shuttle guide in a plurality of rows each having a number of rows greater than the number of rows in the guide passage, and the threads connected to each bobbin are arranged in a shape centered around the core material and between the openings in each bobbin row. By arranging a plurality of shuttles in a state in which passages are arranged and running a plurality of shuttles along each guide passage, threads paid out from each shuttle are wound around the outer periphery of the core material as circumferential threads, and after the shuttles pass through the opening. By rotating the arrangement of each bobbin so that the topmost bobbin becomes the bottommost step or the bottommost bobbin becomes the topmost step, the thread connected to the bobbin moved to the topmost or bottommost step is folded back approximately 90''. A three-dimensional annular fabric is manufactured by surrounding the first yarn group wound as the circumferential yarn with wire yarn.

(Function) The annular woven fabric of the present invention is composed of two types of thread groups, and the second thread group surrounding the first thread group extending along the circumferential direction of the woven fabric forms a zigzag pattern in a plane extending radially from the center of the woven fabric. Because of the structure in which the fibers are arranged at approximately 90' angles on the inner and outer peripheries of the fabric, breakage of threads is unlikely to occur when weaving using carbon fibers, etc., which are weak against folding friction in small radii.

In addition, in the manufacturing method of the second invention, a plurality of shuttles run within a plurality of stages of guide passages formed in a shuttle guide, so that the second thread is formed by a series of threads extending from a bobbin disposed outside the shuttle guide. The first yarn wound from the shuttle is inserted into the opening and is wound around the outer periphery of the core material as a circumferential yarn in multiple stages. After each sittle passes through the opening, the arrangement of each bobbin is rotated so that the top bobbin of each of the plurality of radially arranged bobbins becomes the bottom step, or the bottom bobbin becomes the top step, The second thread connected to the bobbin that is moved to the bottom or top stage is folded back at approximately 90° on the inner or outer periphery of the fabric. The second thread connected to each bobbin is under tension as the first thread is unwound from the shuttle.
However, since the folding angle of the second thread connected to the bobbin is approximately 90° as described above, the thread is not subjected to folding friction at a small radius.

(Example 1) A first example embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. As shown in FIG. 2, around the core material 1 that defines the shape of the three-dimensional annular fabric, a large number of shuttle guides 3 each having a plurality of guide passages 2 are arranged in a ring shape around the core material 1. .

On the outside of the shuttle guide 3, bobbins 4 are stored in a plurality of stages (four stages in this embodiment), which is one stage more than the number of stages in the guide passage 2, in a device facing between each shuttle guide 3. A large number of bobbin circulation devices 5 are arranged radially, which function to sequentially rotate the loading device for the stored bobbins 4. A slit 3a is formed in the shuttle guide 3 to open each guide passage 2 to the side facing the core material 1, and as shown in FIG. An electromagnet 6 is arranged. The shuttle 7 running in the guide path 2 is the third
As shown in the figure, a ring 8 is provided in the center, and permanent magnets 9 are fixed on both the front and rear sides. Then, by sequentially changing the polarity of the electromagnet 6 provided in the shuttle guide 3, the shuttle 7 travels within the guide path 2 due to the attraction and repulsion between the electromagnet 6 and the permanent magnet 9. The yarn wound around a reel 8 provided on the shuttle 7 is fed out from the yarn feeding portion 7a as a first yarn 10 constituting the circumferential yarn of the three-dimensional annular fabric F.

As shown in FIG. 6(a), the bobbin circulation device 5 is constructed so that the bobbins 4 can be stacked in four stages in one row together with the storage case 11 thereof, and the stored bobbins 4 are centered around the core material 1. The storage box 12 fixed to a predetermined device so as to be arranged radially, and the topmost box 4 stored in the storage box 12 are taken out from the storage box 12 along with the storage case 11, and are removed from the bottom of the storage box 12. It is composed of a bobbin changing device 13 which performs the function of inserting the bobbin. The storage box 12 is open at both upper and lower end portions on the upper and rear sides, and the rear portion of the bottom wall is bent downward to form a guide portion 12a. Further, a slit (not shown) is formed in the center of the front wall, extending in the vertical direction and being open at both the top and bottom. In the bobbin changing device 13, a support plate 15 is horizontally fixed to the tip of a piston end 14a of a cylinder 14 fixed to extend in the vertical direction, and a support plate 15 is guided between two sets of brackets 16 erected on the support plate 15. A rod 17 is fixed. A support frame 18 is slidably supported on the guide rod 17, and is reciprocated along the guide rod 17 by the action of a cylinder 19 fixed on the support plate 15.

A cylinder 29 is fixed on the support frame 18, and a support bracket 20 is fixed to the piston rod 29a.
In contrast, a cylinder 21 is rotatably supported at its tip. Further, the base end of the cylinder 21 is connected by a pin to a piston rod 22a of a cylinder 22 attached to the rear end of the support frame 18 in a state extending substantially in the vertical direction, and the operation of the cylinder 22 creates a horizontal device and a device that tilts upward and forward. It is designed to be placed in A locking portion 23 that can be engaged with a locking portion 11a provided at the rear of the housing case 11 is fixed to the tip of the piston rod 21a of the cylinder 21.

The core material 1 is configured to be movable in the vertical direction by a drive mechanism (not shown), and is gradually moved upward as weaving progresses.

Next, a case will be described in which a three-dimensional annular fabric F is woven using the apparatus configured as described above.

When weaving a three-dimensional annular fabric, first, the core material 1 is placed in a device whose upper part corresponds approximately to the upper part of the shuttle guide 3, and the core material 1 is placed in a device where the upper part of the core material 1 corresponds approximately to the upper part of the shuttle guide 3. The two threads 24 are arranged radially around the core material 1 while passing between the respective shuttle guides 3. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the ends of the first threads 10 let out from the three shuttles 7 in three stages are fixed to the upper part of the core material 1, respectively. Then, weaving is started in this state. In this example, a set containing the shuttle 7 distinguished by ◎ and #, a set containing the shuttle 7 indicated by * and ◇, and 0
By sequentially changing the polarity of the electromagnet 6 provided in the shuttle guide 3, three sets of shuttles 7 including the shuttle 7 indicated by It moves in the guide passage 2 in a circular manner with the core material 1 as the center due to suction and repulsion.

From the state shown in FIG. 7(a), the shuttles 7 of the group including the shuttles 7 marked ◎ and # are in the guide path 2 of the shuttle guide 3
When running inside, the first yarn 10 is steered from the shuttle 7, and as shown in FIG. The yarn unwound from the shuttle 7 running in the lower guide path 2 is wound around the outside of the previously wound first yarn 10 or the circumferential surface of the core material 1 so that it becomes the innermost layer. In this state, the bobbin changing device 13
is operated, and the bobbin 4 housed in the uppermost stage of the housing box 12 is taken out from the housing box 12 together with the housing case 11, and then reinserted into the lowermost stage of the housing box 12. As a result, the bobbin 4 that was on the top row is moved to the bottom row, and the other bobbins are placed one row at a time in the storage box 12.
The guide passage 2 of the shuttle guide 3 is placed in the state shown in FIG. 7(C) corresponding to the newly formed opening. Thereafter, as the set of shuttles 7 pass through the newly formed opening in the same manner, the first thread 10 is inserted into the opening formed by the second thread 24 and is attached to the outer periphery of the core material 1 as a circumferential thread. When wrapped around and 5, the second
As the threads 24 are folded back, the core material 1 is gradually moved, and the three-dimensional annular fabric F is successively woven around the outer periphery of the core material 1.

When the bobbin is replaced by the bobbin replacement device 13, the cylinder 14 is operated with the piston rod 21a of the cylinder 21 being retracted, and the piston rod 14a is
As a result, the support plate 15 is moved from the device shown in solid lines to the device shown in chain lines in FIG. will be placed in In this state, the cylinder 22 is actuated, and after the cylinder 21 is rotated downward and arranged obliquely, the piston [1] of the cylinder 21 is protruded and the bobbin 23 is placed at the uppermost stage. It is arranged in a device facing the hooking part 11a of the storage case 11 of No.4. Next, the cylinder 22 is actuated, its piston rod 22a protrudes, and the cylinder 21 is placed on a horizontal device, so that the catch portion 23 is attached to the storage case 11.
The hook portion 11a1. : Fitted. In this state, the cylinder 21 is operated and the piston rod 21a is retracted, whereby the storage case 11 disposed at the uppermost stage is taken out from the storage box 12 together with the bobbin 4. Next, the cylinder 19 is actuated, the support frame 18 is moved horizontally, and the storage case 11 taken out from the storage box 12 is placed in a device that does not face the storage box 12, and then the cylinder 14 is activated and the storage case 11 is moved horizontally. At the same time, the bobbin 4 is moved downward. Next, the cylinder 19 is actuated to move the support frame 18 horizontally, and the storage case 11
is arranged in a device corresponding to the guide portion 12a of the storage box 12. The piston rod 29a is lowered, and from this state, the cylinder 21 is actuated to project the piston rod 21a, and the storage case 11 is moved forward toward the storage box 12. At the same time, the air pressure in the cylinder 29 is released, and the piston 29a is released. will be able to move upward automatically. As a result, the storage case 11 is transferred to the storage box 12.
The storage box 1 moves forward along the guide portion 12a of the storage box 1.
Figure 6(a)
The state shown by the solid line is reached.

In this state, the screw rod 29a is pressurized upward, and the cylinder 22 is actuated to actuate the piston rod 22a.
When the hook 23 is pulled in, the hook 23 locks into the housing case 11.
When the cylinder 21 is actuated and the piston rod 21a is drawn in, the piston rod 21a is pulled in.
The rotation of bobbin 4 is completed.

(Example 2) Next, a second example will be described with reference to FIGS. 8(a) and (b). In this embodiment, the direction of rotation of the bobbins 4 by the bobbin circulation device 5 is opposite to that of the previous embodiment, that is, the lowermost bobbin 4 accommodated in the storage box 12 is taken out from the storage box 12 and transferred to the uppermost step. This is different from the previous embodiment in that the other bobbins are moved down one step at a time as the bobbins are moved.

Now, from the 1r state shown in FIG. 8(a), the silk of the shuttles 7 of ◎ and # pass through the guide path 2 of the shuttle guide 3, and the first yarn 10 let out from each shuttle 7 becomes the second yarn. After being inserted into the opening formed by 24,
When the bobbin 4 is rotated, it will be in the state shown in FIG. 8(b). That is, the first yarn 10 let out from the shuttle 7 running in the guide path 2 at the lowest stage is placed in the innermost layer of the annular fabric F, and the first yarn 10 let out from the shuttle 7 running at the top guide path 2 are wound around the outer periphery of the core material 1 such that they are arranged in the outermost layer. That is, in the above embodiment, the first thread 10 let out from the shuttle 7 of one piece of silk was sequentially wound around the outer periphery of the core material in parallel to the axial direction of the core material, whereas in this embodiment, the first thread 10 was wound around the outer periphery of the core material in parallel with the axial direction of the core material 1. It becomes possible to wrap it inside. The three-dimensional annular fabric F is sequentially woven by rotating the bobbin 4 each time the first thread 10 fed out from the shuttle 7 is inserted into the opening formed by the following threads 24 .

(Example 3) Next, a third example will be described according to FIGS. 9 to 11. In both of the above embodiments, the shuttle 7 is configured to run in a ring-shaped running path provided independently in multiple stages, whereas in this embodiment, the shuttle 7 runs in a continuous spiral running path. While the shuttle 7 moves along the spiral path from the upper stage to the lower stage, the three-dimensional annular fabric F
This embodiment differs greatly from both of the above embodiments in that the circumferential threads are woven independently one by one. Shuttle 7 is bobbin 25
is formed into a removable structure and enters into the guide passage 2 of the shuttle guide 3 through a guide passage 26 (shown in FIG. 10) disposed outside the shuttle guide 3, and is formed in a spiral shape. The shuttle guide 3 moves sequentially downward along the route as shown in FIG.
It escapes to the outside, enters one end of the guide passage 26, and moves upward again.

The bobbin 25 is wound with a length of thread that is unwound while the shuttle 7 reaches the exit from the entrance of the spiral running path, and the thread is wound around the bobbin 25 when the shuttle 7 reaches the exit. The yarn is gone. Then, when the shuttle 7 enters the guide passage 26 from the exit of the running path and reaches the upper part thereof, the empty bobbin 25 is taken out from the shuttle 7 and placed above the guide passage 26, as shown in FIG. The bobbin is replaced with a full bobbin supplied from the disposed full bobbin supply device 27, and is moved to the guide passage 2 of the shuttle guide 3 via the guide passage 26 again. The end of the thread wound around the bobbin 25 attached to the shuttle 7 is fixedly held in a predetermined device, and as the shuttle 7 moves, the first thread 10 is paid out from the bobbin 25 and formed by the second thread 24. It is inserted into the opening 1.

Therefore, the three-dimensional annular fabric F woven by the method of this embodiment is formed with the ends of the first threads 10 as circumferential threads protruding from the surface thereof. It is necessary to cut the yarn end each time it is wound as a circumferential yarn by the shuttle 7 or after the three-dimensional annular fabric F is formed.

If the spiral formed by the guide passage 2 has a triple structure as shown in FIG. 9, the cross-sectional structure of the woven three-dimensional annular fabric F will be as shown in FIG. 11.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, instead of using attraction and repulsion of a magnet as a method of driving the shuttle 7, as shown in FIG. A drive gear 28 is provided in such a manner that it protrudes into the guide passage 2, and a tooth portion 7b that meshes with the drive gear 28 is formed on the outside of the seat torque 7. 7 may be moved along the guide protrusion 2a of the guide passage 2. Furthermore, the shape of the core material 1 or the number of stages of the guide passage 2 may be arbitrarily changed, or the shuttle 7 provided with a bobbin 25 or the shuttle equipped with a reel 8 may be used instead of the configuration in which the shuttle 7 is used in circulation in the third embodiment. A large number of shuttles 7 are prepared, and the shuttles 7 are sequentially sent from the guide path 26 to the entrance of the spiral running path, and the shuttles 7 that have escaped from the exit are replaced with bobbins 25 or threaded onto the reel 8 at another location. A configuration may also be adopted in which this is done.

Effects of the Invention As detailed above, the three-dimensional annular fabric of the first invention includes a first yarn group laminated along the circumferential direction of the fabric, and a first yarn group in a state perpendicular to the first yarn group. Since it is composed of two types of thread groups, the second thread group is arranged in a surrounding manner,
The weaving method is relatively simple, and the threads that make up the annular fabric are no longer subject to folding friction at a small radius, so they fold back like carbon fibers! jIt is easier to handle when using abrasion-resistant fibers as threads. In addition, in the method of the second invention, the circumferential yarns arranged in the circumferential direction of the three-dimensional annular fabric are wound at a time in a desired number of rows, so that the density of the second yarn group can be increased and the l of the annular fabric can be increased.
! ! It has the excellent effect of increasing the manufacturing speed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 7 show a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main parts of an apparatus for carrying out the manufacturing method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view, and FIG. Figure 3 is a partially cutaway plan view, Figure 4 is a perspective view of the shuttle guide, and Figure 5 is a partially cutaway plan view.
The figure is a schematic diagram of a scale plate showing the trajectory of the shuttle, Figure 6 (a)
is a side view of the bobbin circulation device, and Fig. 6<b> is a side view of the bobbin circulation device.
Figures 7(a) to (C) are schematic sectional views showing the weaving action, and Figures 8(a) and (b) are the weaving of the second embodiment. Schematic sectional views showing the action, 9th to 11th
The figures show the third embodiment, in which Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the trajectory of the shuttle, Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the shuttle guide, Fig. 11 is a sectional view showing the fabric structure, and Fig. 12 13 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional weaving method; FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another conventional weaving method; FIG. 15 is also a partial sectional view thereof. Core material 1, guide path 2, shuttle guide 3, bobbin 4, 2
5, bobbin circulation device 5, shuttle 7, first thread 101, second thread 24, three-dimensional annular fabric F.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A first yarn group that extends along the circumferential direction of the fabric and is laminated in two or more layers; and a second thread group consisting of three or more threads arranged in a zigzag pattern so as to surround the first thread, and the three or more threads are connected to each other on the inner and outer peripheries of the fabric, respectively. A three-dimensional annular fabric that is folded at approximately 90 degrees so that they intersect at right angles. 2. A large number of shuttle guides each having a plurality of stages of guide passages are arranged in a ring, a core material defining the shape of the three-dimensional annular fabric is arranged in the center thereof, and a bobbin is placed outside the shuttle guide to determine the number of stages of the guide passages. The second threads connected to each bobbin are arranged radially around the core material and the guide passage is arranged between the openings in each bobbin row, and a plurality of shuttles are arranged in an annular manner. By running the thread along each guide path, the first thread paid out from each shuttle is wound around the outer periphery of the core material as a circumferential thread, and after the shuttle passes through the opening, the uppermost bobbin is moved to the lowermost row. Or by rotating the arrangement of each bobbin so that the bottom row of bobbins becomes the top row,
The second one connected to the bobbin that is moved to the top or bottom row.
A method for producing a three-dimensional annular woven fabric, in which a first yarn group is folded back at approximately 90 degrees to surround a first yarn group wound as the circumferential yarn.