JPH01156763A - Improved liquid electrostatic developer having scratch resistance of image - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve scratch resistance of images by adding the particles of a mixture composed of wax and metal soap or inorg. metal salt to a developer. CONSTITUTION: This developer contains the particles (A) a nonpolar liquid having a kauri-butanol value of <30, a thermoplastic resin of an average area particle size of <10μm, a charge control agent and a mixture composed of the wax (a) and >=1 kinds of metal soap (b) or inorg. metal salt (c) as essential components. Triglyceride wax is usable for the component (a), calcium behenate, barium stearate, etc., for the component (b) and magnesium sulfate, etc., for the component (c). The component A is preferably a molten mixture composed of the component (a) and the component (b) or the component (a) and the component (c).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a liquid electrostatic developer having improved properties;
More particularly, it relates to a liquid electrostatic developer containing particles of a mixture of wax and at least one metal soap or metal salt.

[Conventional technology]

It is known that electrostatic latent images can be developed with toner particles dispersed in an insulating, non-polar liquid. Such dispersed materials are known as liquid toners or liquid developers. #An electrical latent image is created by preparing a photoconductive layer with a uniform electrostatic charge and then exposing it to a modulated beam of radiant energy to discharge the electrostatic charge. Can be done. Other methods of forming electrostatic latent images are also known. Useful liquid toners are comprised of a thermoplastic resin, a non-polar liquid dispersion medium, and a charge control agent, and a suitable colorant, such as a pigment or dye, is usually present. The colored toner particles are dispersed in a non-polar liquid and
This liquid has a high volume resistivity, usually exceeding 109 Ωα; 3.
It has a low dielectric constant of 0 or less and a high vapor pressure.

After the IFII electro-latent image is formed, this image is developed with colored toner particles dispersed in the aforementioned non-polar liquid dispersion medium, and the image is then utilized or transferred to a carrier sheet. .

One problem with liquid developers, particularly when used to develop images on smooth film, is that the images are not sufficiently resistant to scratches. In order to improve the scratch resistance, liquid developers containing dispersed waxes are mentioned in the prior art. However, this image does not have sufficient scratch resistance for handling and archival purposes as required for medical images. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain stable wax dispersions in developer solutions.

It has been found that the above drawbacks can be overcome and improved liquid electrostatic developers can be made by adding particles comprising a combination of wax and at least one metal soap or metal salt.

[Key points of the invention]

According to the invention, essentially: A, a non-polar liquid with a Cowrie-butanol value of 30 or less, present in a predominant amount; B, at least one thermoplastic having an average areal particle size of 10 μm or less; Resin, C01! A liquid electrostatic developer is provided comprising: a charge control agent compound; D; particles of a mixture of wax and at least one metal soap or inorganic metal salt.

According to one embodiment of the invention, in the following step A, at an elevated temperature in an apparatus, (1) a thermoplastic resin;
A non-polar liquid dispersion medium having a caprictanol value of less than 50 is dispersed, during which the temperature in the apparatus is sufficient to plasticize and liquefy the resin, and the non-polar liquid dispersion medium is denatured and Maintaining the temperature below the point at which the resin decomposes, B. Cooling the dispersion by one of the following: (1)
forming a gel or solid mass without stirring, then breaking up the gel or solid mass, and grinding with a grinding medium; (It) stirring until a viscous mixture is formed;
pulverize with a particulate media; or (lit) continue to pulverize with a pulverizer to prevent the formation of gels or solid clumps; and charge control agent compound (3) is added to the dispersion during or after step 8(B); A method for producing a liquid #electronic developer for I#electronic imaging is provided, in which a mixture (4) with a metal soap or a metal salt is added.

[Detailed description of the invention]

Throughout this document, the following terms have the following meanings: In the claims, "consisting essentially of" refers to the composition of a liquid electrostatic developer, This does not mean excluding unspecified ingredients that do not interfere with the benefits of the product. For example, in addition to the main ingredients, additional ingredients such as colorants, fine particle size oxides, adjuvants such as polyhydroxy compounds, amino alcohols, polybutylene succinimide, aromatic hydrocarbons, metallic soaps, etc. By O2 charge control agent, which may be present, is meant a compound or substance that imparts a charge, such as a positive or negative charge, to the liquid electrostatic developer.

Metallic soaps are compounds in which the cationic component is a monovalent or polyvalent metal component and the anionic component is a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having 1 to 100, preferably 5 to 35 carbon atoms. It means.

A metal salt is a cation component of the periodic table of elements Ia and n.
a, ma, Ib, IIb, IVb, Vb,
Compounds selected from the group consisting of metals of groups VIb, ■b and ■, and whose anion component is selected from the group consisting of halogen, carbonic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. It means.

The non-polar liquid dispersion medium is preferably a branched chain fatty acid hydrocarbon, and more specifically, isobar ■-G1 iso/G-ρ-H1 isopar. ! -J
-L, Isopart control -M, and Isobar ■-V. These hydrocarbon liquids are a narrow range fraction of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons with extremely high levels of purity. For example, the boiling point range of Isovar ■-G is between 157°C and 176°C,
-H is between 176°C and 191°C, isobar■-
is between 177°C and 197°C, Isovar ■-i is between 188°C and 206°C, and Isovar ■-M is between 2
Between 07°C and 254°C, and isobar■-■
is between 254.4°C and 329.4°C. Isovar ■-L has an intermediate boiling point of about 194°C.

Isovar ■-M has a flash point of 80°C and an ignition point of 688°C. The same manufacturing standards limit sulfur, acids, carboxyl, chloride, etc. to a few ppm.

They are virtually odorless with only a mild paraffin odor. They have excellent stability and are all manufactured by Exxon. High purity normal, J
Rough-in liquid, Nor, 1-ru■12, Nor/Z-ru■
13 and Norparl ■15 (manufactured by Exxon) can also be used. These hydrocarbon liquids have the following flash points and ignition points: Norpar 12 69 204 Norpar 13 93 210 Norpar 15 118 210 The non-polar liquid dispersion media all have electrical volumes greater than 1090 It has a resistance value and a dielectric constant of 6.0 or less. The vapor pressure at 25° CK is less than 10 torr. Isovar ■-G has a flash point of 40°C as measured by the tag closed cup method, and Isovar ■-H has a flash point of 53°C as measured by ASTM D 56.
It has a flash point of Aitsunozoru ■-L and Isobar ■-M were measured using the same method and each had a temperature of 61°C.
It has a flash point of 80℃. Although these are preferred non-polar liquid dispersion media, the key properties of all suitable non-polar liquid dispersion media are electrical volume resistivity and dielectric constant. Additionally, one feature of the non-polar liquid dispersion medium is a low Ca-creeptanol value of less than 30, preferably ASTM D
The value is around 27 or 28 when measured at 1155. The ratio of thermoplastic resin to non-polar liquid dispersion medium is such that the combination of components is liquid at the operating temperature.

Non-polar liquids are 85-99% based on the total weight of the liquid developer.
．． 98% by weight, preferably 95-99.9% by weight. The total weight of solids in the liquid developer is 0.02
-15% by weight, preferably 0.1-5.0% by weight. The total weight of solids in a liquid developer is based on the resin, including components dispersed therein, and the pigment components present.

Useful thermoplastic resins or polymers (B) include: ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers (ELPAX resin, EI DuPont), acrylic acid and methacrylic acid group. α selected from,
Copolymer of β-ethylenically unsaturated acid and ethylene, ethylene (80-99.9%)/acrylic or meth, acrylic acid (20-0%)/methacrylic or 01-5 alkyl ester of acrylic acid (0- 20%) copolymers of polyethylene, polystyrene, tactical polypropylene (crystalline), Bakelite from T-N Carpide DPD 6169, DPDA 75
Ethylene acrylic commercially available ethyl series sold under the tradenames 182 Natural and DTDA 9169 Natural; DQDA 6479 Natural and DQDA 68 also sold by Union Carbide.
Ethylene-vinyl acetate resins such as 32 Natural 7; EI DuPont Surulin resins, polyesters, polyvinyltoluene, polyamides, styrene-butadiene copolymers, epoxy resins, acrylic or methacrylic acid (optional but preferred); Acrylic resins such as copolymers of at least one 01-2o alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, e.g. methyl acrylate (50-90%)/methacrylic acid (
0-20%)/ethylhexyl acrylate (10-5
0%); and other acrylic resins, including EI DuPont's Elpacite ■ acrylic resin, or mixtures of these resins. The preparation of this type of copolymer is described in Rees, US Pat. No. 3,264,272, which description is incorporated herein by reference. For purposes of making the preferred copolymers, reactions of ionizable metal compounds with acid-containing copolymers as described in the Rees patent are excluded. The ethylene content of the copolymer is about 80-99.91! t%, the acidic component is present in about 20 to 0.1 weight percent of the copolymer. The acid number of the copolymer ranges from 1 to 120, preferably 5
It ranges from 4 to 90, and the acid value is the number of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of polymer.

Melt index values (II/10 minutes) of 10-500 were measured by A8TM D 1238 method personnel. Particularly preferred copolymers of this type had acid numbers of 66 and 60 and melt index values of 100 and 500, measured at 190°C.

In addition, the resin has the following favorable properties: 1. It can disperse colorants such as pigments, metallic soaps, etc. 2. It can be substantially dispersed in non-polar liquids at temperatures below 40°C. Insoluble, so the resin does not dissolve or solvate during storage; 3. Can be solvated at temperatures above 50°C; 4. Diameter;
The particles were ground into particles between 0.1 μm and 5 μm. Sample density 1.52 using centrifugal rotation, particle size range 0.01-10μ
m, and can produce particles (on average by area) of less than 10 μm, measured with a particle size cut of 1.0 μm, and can be fused at temperatures exceeding 6,70°C.

Due to the above solvation, the resin forming the toner particles swells and becomes gelatinized or softened.

The charge control agent compound or component (C) imparts a charge to the particles and is typically 0.1 to 10.0 per gram of developer solids.
00 ~, preferably 1 ~ 500 ~, these include the following: .

Positive charge control agents such as sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (manufactured by American Cyanamid), ionic charge control agents such as zirconium octoate, oleic copper, iron naphthenate, non-ionic charge control agents such as polyethylene Glycol sorbitan stearate, also nigrosine and triphenylmethane type dyes; negative charge control agents, such as lecithin, basic oil-soluble betroleum sulfonate manufactured by Liteco Chemical; calcium betronate, basic barium betronate; These include alkyl succinimide manufactured by Chevron Chemical Co., Ltd. Also useful are charge control agents of the glyceride type, which impart a positive or negative charge to the developer solution, depending on the resin, pigments and/or adjuvants used.

Suitable glyceride-type charge control agents are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 125,503 to Chan et al., entitled "Glycerides as Charge Control Agents for Liquid Electrostatic Developers," filed concurrently with the present invention. As stated, this disclosure is included here for reference.

Component (D) of the liquid electrostatic developer is a particulate mixture of wax and at least one metal soap or inorganic gold powder. A mixture of wax and either a metal soap or an inorganic metal salt means: (1) a metal soap or metal salt dispersed in a wax containing sufficient water to melt the wax; temperature and the dispersion (mixture) is mixed for a sufficient time to disperse the metal soap or metal salt; A product of the reaction of metals with hydroxides, which produces glyceride waxes and metal soaps.

Particles can be made in a variety of ways. Preferably, the particles are produced when the mixture is dispersed with a non-polar liquid carrier at elevated temperature and the dispersion is cooled to ambient temperature. The particle size of the wax/metal soap or metal salt mixture is preferably larger than the resin particles in the liquid electrostatic developer. The average areal particle size of the mixture is 0
．． It is in the range of 5 to 60 μm.

Useful waxes for the mixture include polyolea in-wax, f
It includes halafine wax, ester wax, amide wax, etc. These various waxes include, but are not limited to: (a) polyolein waxes, which are low molecular weight waxes with a softening point of about 0°C to about 130°C, such as ethylene;
Furopyrene, butene-1, pentene-1, hexene-1
, heptene-1, octene-1, nonene-1, decene-1 or 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-2-
is butene, polyalkylene waxes such as those made from S--/loby-5-methyl-2-hexene and its isomers, etc., carnauba wax, olefin copolymers such as ethylene-propylene, ethylene-butene, ethylene-butene, Flopylene-butene, Flopylene-
Pentene, ethylene-5-methyl-1-butene, ethylene-propylene-butene; ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl methyl ether, ethylene-vinyl chloride,
Ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-methyl methacrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid, propylene-vinyl acetate, propylene-vinyl x f A/ x -f
Propylene-ethyl acrylate, propylene-methacrylic acid, butene-vinyl methyl ether, pentene-vinyl acetate, hexene-vinyl butyrate, ethylene-propylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl methyl ether, etc.

(b) paraffin waxes having a relatively high melting point in the range of about 60°C to 130°C, such as natural waxes, microwaxes, Fuitscher Tropsies waxes, and oxidized or poppylated products; Examples of waxes include Shell 135 paraffin wax (Shell Oil Company), Sasol Biu H1, A1 and A2 (Sasol Marketing Company),
Suntite A, B and C (Seiko Chemical Company),
22-7 Litetrafuntanone (Toki Kasei Co., Ltd.),
Includes album ■Low (Hodogaya Chemical Company).

(C) Ba fatty m esters or partially saponified products thereof, such as glyceryl tribehenate, glyceryl tripalmitin, glyceryl tristearate, glyceryl tricaprylate, glyceryl tricaprate, glyceryl heptanoate, glyceryl tripalmitin, glyceryl tristearate; (d) Amide waxes with a melting point in the range of 100° to 180°C, such as Bisamide (Totto Chemical Co., Ltd.), Dyat 200 (Bisamide, Hydrogen Co., Ltd.), Al70 H
3O5 (Nippon Oil and Fat Company), Hexdrow C (Hoechst Company), Plastoflora (Tottoh Chemical Company), Leburon G (Tsubone Hydrogen Company), Amide 6-L and 7-8 (Kawaken Fine Chemical Company),
Alkylene bisamide compounds such as Alumowax-EBS (Lion Armor Company).

Useful metallic soaps that can be mixed with the waxes mentioned above include those whose metals are sodium, potassium, barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, potassium, lead, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, and cobalt, etc., and the acid moiety is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid of 1 to 100, preferably 5 to 35 carbon atoms, such as caproic acid, octanoic (caprylic) acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, Valmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, erucic acid, talliti
c acid), resin oxidation, naphthenic acid, behenic acid, etc. Examples of golden soaps include tristearic acid > 1ill fulminium, stearic acid salts of aluminum distearate, sodium, barium, calcium, lead, chromium, copper, magnesium, and zinc; linoleic acid of cobalt, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc. salts; octoates of aluminum, calcium and cobalt; oleates of calcium and cobalt; zinc palmitate; calcium, cobalt, iron,
These include naphthenates of nickel, manganese, copper and zinc; resinates of calcium, cobalt, manganese, lead and zinc; behenates of calcium and magnesium.

Useful inorganic metal salts that can be mixed with the waxes described above are those in which the cationic component of the salt is an element I a of the periodic table.
, IIa, ma, Ib, IIb, IVb,
Vb, Vlb.

The anionic components of the salts are selected from the group consisting of metals of group 6 and food, such as halogens, carbonic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. This includes things that have passed since then. Examples of cationic metals include sodium, potassium, barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, aluminum, iron,
Zinc, lithium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium,
titanium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel,
Includes copper, silver, tungsten, ruthenium, etc.

Examples of inorganic metal salts include sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cesium chloride, rubidium nitrate, beryllium sulfate, lithium bromide, rubidium vinegar, strontium chloride, and potassium acetate. , aluminum sulfate, sodium borate, sodium phosphate, ruthenium ammonium chloride, manganese chloride, etc.

Mixtures of wax and metal soap can be made by adding 25 to 99 ft of wax.
it%, and can contain 1 to 75 weight i&% of Kinu Soap. The mixture of wax and inorganic gold salt can have 50 to 99 weight percent wax and 1 to 50 weight percent metal salt.

The preferred range is 50-90% wax and 10% metal soap.
~50% by weight; 70-99% wax and 1-30% metal salt
Heavy stirring%. This wax/gold-soap or metal salt is
It can be present in the liquid electrostatic developer in an amount of 0.001-5%, preferably 0.02-02%, based on the total type t of one developer.

As previously mentioned, one of the additional components that can be present in the liquid T# developer is a coloring agent, such as a pigment or dye and combinations thereof, which is present to make the latent image visible. Although preferred, in some applications this is not necessary. Colorants, such as pigments, may be present in an amount up to about 60% by weight, preferably 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the developer solids.
It can be present in an amount of 0.01 to 30% by weight.

The amount of colorant can be varied depending on the use of the developer. An example of a coloring agent is Monastral Blue〇 (C,
1, Pigment Blue 15, C, R, Boiled 74160),
Toluidine Red Y (C, L Pigment Red 6), Kind ■ Magenta (Pigment Red 122), India ■
Brilliant Scarlet (Pigment Red 123,
C.I.

Grave 71145),) Luigi Red B (C, 1, Pigment Red 3), Watu Chun Red B (C, 1, Pigment Red 48), Permanent Lupin F15B
13-1731 (Pigment Red 184), Hansa Yellow (Pigment Yellow 98), 11y Marl Yellow (Pigment Yellow 74, c, r, Ya 11
741),) Luizine Yellow G (C, I.

Pigment Yellow 1), Monastra Voice Blue B (
C, L Pigment Blue 15), Mochisuto 2 Green B (C, 1, Pigment Green 7), Pigment Scarlet (C, 1, Pigment Red 60), Alaric Brown (C, 1, Pigment Brown 6), Monastral ■Green G (Pigment Green 7), Carbon Black, Cabot Mogul L (Black Pigment C, R.

Grave 77266) and Sterling N5N774 (Pigment Black 7, C, 1, A77266).

Fine particle size oxides such as silica, alumina,
Titania, preferably about 0.5 μm or less, can be dispersed in the liquefied resin. These oxides can be used alone or in combination with colorants. Metal particles can also be added.

Another additional component of the liquid f# electro developer is an adjuvant,
These include, for example, polyhydroxy compounds containing at least two hydroxy groups, amino alcohols, polybutylene succinimide, aromatic hydrocarbons with a cowry-butanol value of 30 or more, metal soaps, and the like. This adjuvant is usually 1 to 10001 equivalent to 11 of the liquid solid.
IP, preferably in an amount of 1 to 200 Da. Examples of various aforementioned adjuvants are: Polyhydroxy compounds: ethylene glycol, 2.4,
7.9-Tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol, poly(propylene glycol), hantaetelene glycol, triethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, heptalyol, hantaerythritol, glycerol-tri-12 hydroxy stearate, ethylene glyfur monohydroxy stearate, phlopylene gelicol monohydroxy stearate, etc.

-ruamine, triethanolamine, ethanolamine, 6-amino-1-propanol, 0-aminophenol, 5-amino-1-pentanol, tetra(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, etc.

Polybutylene/succinimide: 0LOA■-1200 sold by Chevron, the analysis results of which are published in U.S. Patent No. 3,900,41 by Mr. Kosse 1.
It was published in No. 2, column 20, lines 5 to 13, and is listed here for reference. Amofu 575 and Amoco 575, which are made by reacting and have a number average molecular M of about 600 (vapor pressure osmosis method), contain 40 to 45% surfactant, 36% aromatic hydrocarbon, and the remainder is oil. Yes, etc.

Tarene, substituted benzene and naphthalene compounds such as trimethylbenzene, xylene, dimethylethylbenzene, ethylmethylbenzene, propylbenzene, aromatic mixtures of C9 and C1G alkyl substituted benzenes manufactured by Exxon. Tick 100, etc.

Metal soaps: Aluminum tristearate: aluminum distearate; stearates of barium, calcium, lead and zinc; linoleates of cobalt, manganese, lead and zinc; octane salts of aluminum, calcium and cobalt; calcium and cobalt oleate; zinc balmitate; heptatenate of calcium, cobalt, manganese, lead and zinc; resinate of calcium, cobalt, manganese, lead and zinc;
Such. The metal soap is 'rrout's US patent tube 4,7
It is dispersed in a thermoplastic resin as described in No. 07,429, and is listed here with reference to this description.

The particles in the liquid WpHi developer have an average areal particle size of less than 10 μm, preferably less than 5 μm.

The resin particles of the developer may or may not be formed with a plurality of fibers extending integrally therefrom. The term “seni” used here is
Colored toner particles are shaped like spirals, tendrils, tentacles,
It means that it is formed with small forest-like, root-like, string-like, hair-like, hair-like, etc.

Liquid electrostatic developers can be made in a variety of ways. For example, attritors, heated ball mills, heated vibrating mills such as the Subeco mill from Subeco with grinding media for dispersion and grinding, Ross double planetary mixer from Charles Ross & Son, or double roll The thermoplastic resin and non-polar liquid dispersion medium are placed in a suitable mixing or compounding device, such as a heated mill (which does not require grinding media). Typically, the resin, non-polar liquid dispersion medium, and optional colorant are placed in the apparatus before the dispersion process begins. If desired, colorants can be added after the resin and non-polar liquid dispersion medium are homogenized. The polar adjuvant can be present in the device, for example up to 100% based on the weight of the non-polar liquid dispersion medium.

The dispersion process is usually carried out at elevated temperatures, and the temperature of the components in the equipment is sufficient for the resin to plasticize and liquefy, but for non-polar liquids or polar adjuvants, if present, to denature. and resins and/or colorants, if present, are allowed to decompose under the fish flesh.

The preferred temperature range is 80-120"C. However, other temperatures outside this range may be suitable depending on the particular components used. The presence of grinding media that is moving erratically in the equipment Preferred for the production of toner particle dispersions.

However, other means of agitation may be used as well to create dispersed toner particles of appropriate size, arrangement, and morphology. Useful grinding media are granular, such as spherical or conical, selected from the group such as stainless steel, carbon steel, alumina, ceramic, zirconium, silica and sillimanite. Carbon steel grinding media are particularly useful when colorants other than black are used. The diameter range of the grinding media is typically within the range of 0.04 to 0.5 inches (1.0 to 13 inches).

After dispersion of each component in the apparatus in the presence or absence of a polar adjuvant, typically 1
In ~2 hours the mixture is liquefied and the dispersion is cooled, for example to a range of 0°C to 50°C. Cooling is carried out in the same equipment, e.g. attritor, with simultaneous grinding together with the grinding media to prevent the formation of gels or solid lumps; without agitation to prevent the formation of gels or solid lumps. The gel or solid mass is then broken up and ground, e.g. with a grinding medium; or stirred until a viscous mixture is formed and ground with a grinding medium, etc. . Additional liquid can be added at any stage during liquid electrostatic developer production to facilitate milling or to dilute the developer to the appropriate percent solids required for toning. Additional liquid means a non-polar liquid dispersion medium, a polar liquid, or a combination thereof. Cooling is accomplished by means known to those skilled in the art, such as by circulating cold water or coolant through an external cooling jacket in contact with the distribution device;
Alternatively, the dispersion may be left to cool to ambient temperature.

The resin precipitates out of the dispersion during this cooling.

Toner particles with an average particle size (by area) of 10 μm or less, as measured by the aforementioned Horipa CAPA-500 Centrifugal Particle Analyzer, or other devices of the same type, are suitable for grinding for relatively short periods of time. It is formed.

After cooling and separating the toner particle dispersion from the grinding media, if present, by known means, reducing the toner particle concentration in the dispersion, applying an electrostatic charge of a predetermined polarity to the toner particles. Alternatively, a combination of these modifications can be performed. The fB summer of the toner particles in the dispersion is increased during or after the cooling step of the dispersion.
It can be reduced by adding additional non-polar liquid. This dilution is typically for non-polar liquid dispersion media.
The toner particle concentration is 0.02 to 15%, preferably 0.
．． The amount is reduced to 1 to 5.01% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight. One or several charge control agent compounds (C) of the type previously described may be added to impart the desired positive or negative charge. This addition can be made at any time during the process; preferably at the end of the process, for example after the grinding media has been removed and the desired concentration of toner particles has been achieved. If a diluent or non-polar liquid dispersion medium is added, the charge control agent can be added before, at the same time, or after. The mixture of wax and at least one metal soap or metal salt is added during or after the cooling step, preferably after the cooling step. If auxiliary compounds of the type described above have not already been added during the preparation of the developer solution, they can be added before or after the developer solution is magnetized.

Another specific method for making a liquid electrostatic developer is (
4) Dispersing the IC colorant and/or adjuvant in a thermoplastic resin in the absence of a non-polar liquid having a Cowrie-butanol value of 30 or less until agglomerates form;
(B) crushing the solid mass, and (C) dissolving the crushed solid mass with a polar liquid having a cowry-butanol value of at least 500, a non-polar liquid having a cowry-butanol value of 30 or less, and (D) a toner particle dispersion having an average areal particle size of 10 μm or less; (E) adding to the dispersion during or after step (C) a charge control agent and a mixture of at least one metal soap or metal salt and wax; configured. Preferably in at least one of steps (C) to (E) of the method, additional non-polar liquid is added. Polar liquids or a combination of polar and non-polar liquids can also be added.

[Navigation usability]

The liquid electrostatic developer of the present invention is useful for making copies, especially hard copies for medical use, and the images are particularly resistant to scratches when compared to copies made from conventional liquid f# electrostatic developers. It is gender. This liquid #electrodeveloper is for example color proofing for reproducing images using standard colors of yellow, cyan, magenta and black; digital color proofing;
It is also useful for lithographic printing plates and resists.

〔Example〕

Examples are shown below, but the invention is not limited thereto, and percentages and parts are based on molding.

Synchrowax ■HR8-C is a glycerol/calcium behenate, a saponification product of glycerol and calcium hydroxide sold by Croda.

Synchrowax ■HR8 is glycereptoltribehenate and is sold by Kuroda.

Amoco 9040 is an alkylhydroxybenzyl polyamine, marketed by Troleum Additives, with a number average molecular weight of approximately 1600-1800, containing 45% surfactant, 50% aromatic hydrocarbons, and The remainder is oil.

Number average molecular weight can be determined by known osmotic pressure methods.

Weight average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

Melt index can be measured with A8TM D 1238.

Acid value is the η number of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of polymer.

The average particle size by surface can be measured with a Horiba CAPA-500 Centrifugal Particle Analyzer manufactured by Horipa Keiki Co., Ltd.: Solvent viscosity 1.24 cpg, solvent density 0.76.9/cc.

Sample density 1.32 using 1000 rpm circular rotation,
Particle size range 0.01-10 μm or less, ± particle size cut 1.0 μm No. 248,952, this description is hereby incorporated by reference, made with a photoconductive film. The film has two layers on a substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate 0.00 inch (0.18M) thick, the outer layer is an organic photoconductor layer, and the inner layer adjacent to the substrate is aluminum. It is an electrically conductive layer like . A portion of the outer layer is removed along at least one edge to create a strip of electrically conductive layer, and an electrically conductive paint is applied onto the exposed strip to form an electrically conductive layer. is grounded. This photoconductive film is 1000V
0.5 inches/second (1,27 cm/
seconds) and selectively discharged using a cathode ray tube,
Toning with each sample developer was performed using a gap filled with the developer between the charged film and the 650 V current electrode. The images were fused in a 115°C oven for 1 minute and after cooling to room temperature were scratch tested as described below.

Scratch Testing: The fused image was tested for scratch receptivity using a Hewlett-Paracard scratch tester. This tester consists of an HP85B computer and an HP7580B plotter, and has a diameter of 0.
．． 7 seagulls and 2 hans of 0.181111, each nin is 1
0g, 1811.6411 or 661! A load is applied.

Example 1 Kusu 100, acid value 16 Urich BK8200, rake-shaped car pump
1.42 lacs, Isobal ■-L127 cowrie pig manufactured by Bakul-Uritz 10
A non-polar liquid with a 0.00-norm value, manufactured by Exxon, was heated to 100°C ± 10°C in a Union Process 1S grinder manufactured by Union Purcess, Inc., and the diameter of 0.18
Milled with 75 inch (4,7611 al) stainless steel balls for 2 hours and 10 minutes. While continuing the grinding, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then 70% of non-polar liquid Isobal ■-L (Ekun H) having a cowry-butanol value of 270 was added.
0I and 15 g of Amoco 9040 were added. After 6 hours of cold milling, an additional 20.9 g of Amof 9040 was added. After milling for 23 hours, an additional 151 L of Amof 9040 was added. Milling was continued for 29.5 hours, resulting in toner particles having an average size of 0.42 μm in area.

The grinding media was removed and the toner particle dispersion was diluted to 0.5% solids with additional isovar. , 0.6% in Isovar ■-L, supplied as a 6-plex % solution in mineral spirits.
10. of the diluted solution. It was made by mixing with F. Sample 1B consists of the above-mentioned dispersion liquid 15011', the above-mentioned 7-ten iron solution 1011, and synchrowax ■HR8-
A 1% solution of Isovar in C-L was mixed with 150Ii. The results of the image scratch test are shown in Table 1 below. Sample 1A is sample 1B
Yoshi also produced images that were much easier to scratch.

Example 2 Ingredient Quantity <i> Average molecular fk 172,000, acid value 13 Nigrosine SSB
, International Tough, 0 Istatus 7 companies each ingredient is Union Process 01 manufactured by Union Process Co.
Heated to 100°C ± 10°C in a crusher, with a diameter of 0.1
Milled with 875 inch (4.76 m) stainless steel balls at 23 Orpm rotor speed for 1.5 hours.

Milling was continued while cooling to room temperature and additional non-polar liquid Isovar 8011 was added. After 17.25 hours of cold grinding, Amoco 9040 10. t9 was added. Milling was continued for an additional 1.5 hours to obtain toner particles with an average particle size of less than 0.1 μm. The grinding media was removed and the toner particle dispersion was then diluted to 0.5% solids with additional Isovar -L. Two samples were made by mixing this dispersion 150011 with 159, a 10% solution of the glyceride charge control agent Em7os D70-300, available from Kuitoco Chemical. Sample 2B contains 1500. F and Mphos■D
1511, a 10% solution of 70-30c and 1% solution of Synchrowax HR8-C in Einparl ■-L.
It was made by mixing with 501.

The results of the image scratch test are shown in Table 1 below. The current repositories of sample 2 produced images that were much more easily scratched than the images produced from the developer of sample 2B.

Example 6 Sample 3A is Nee, Bee, Dick Toner T181500II with positively charged black toner particles in Nee, Bee, Dick's petroleum distillate.

Sample 3B is Tono Knee, Bee, Dick Toner 15001
1iIto, Ainopal■-Synchro Wax in G■
It was prepared by mixing HR8-C with 1% ff 501/. The results of the image tests are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 4 Trial, p) 4A is the Ni, Bee, Dick toner described in Example 3. Toner sample 4B is knee.

Bee, Dick Toner 1500II and Isobar ■
Synchrowax II was prepared by mixing 50.9 g of a 1% solution of HR8 in G. Toner sample 4C is 1500g of Knee, B, and Dic toner, and isobar■
It was prepared by mixing 100.9 of a 1% solution of Synchro Wax II HR8 in -G. Image scratch test results are shown in Table 1 below. All images are easily scratched and Synchrowax HR8 does not improve scratch resistance.

Example 5 0/metal soap particles 30 g of magnesium behenate from K & K Laboratories was added to 609 of the melted Herring Black Wax ■HR3 prepared as follows. This mixture was added under 70 (21,1
°C) for 5 hours, then cooled to form a solid mixture. 2 of this wax/metallic soap mixture
g was dissolved in 200 g of Thermal Isovar ■-L to make a 1% wax/metallic soap solution. Upon cooling, the wax/metallic soap precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

Ni, Bee, Dick Toner 1500 mentioned in Example 3
g was mixed with 100 g of a 1% solution of this wax/metallic soap. The scratch resistance of the image was superior to that of the control image described in Example 4. The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 6 0 / 60 g of Herring Black Wax ■ HR8 made as follows, barium stearate 551 /
added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. (21.1° C.) for 5 hours and then cooled to form a solid mixture.

2.9 of this wax/metallic soap mixture is heated to
It was dissolved in 20011 wax/metallic soap to make a 1% wax/metallic soap solution. When cooled, the wax/metal soap has a 10
Precipitates from solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than μm.

Ni, Bee, Dick Toner 150 mentioned in Example 3
0JF is 100Ii of 1% liquid of this wax/metal soap
mixed into. The scratch resistance of the image was superior to that of the control image described in Example 4. The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 7 Metallic soap particles were made as follows: 100 g of Polyscience's 6% solution of iron heptanoate in mineral oil for 6011 of Synchrowac, S. HR8.
added. The mixture is 70? The mixture was stirred for 7 hours at (21.1°C) and then cooled to form a solid mixture.

2g of this wax/metallic soap mixture in a hot isovar.
-L to form a 1% wax/metal soap solution. Upon cooling, the wax/metallic soap precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

Ni, Bee, Dick Toner 1500 mentioned in Example 6
．． 9 was mixed with 10[' of a 1% solution of this wax/metallic soap. The scratch resistance of the image was superior to that of the control image described in Example 4. The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 8 15 g of magnesium sulfate from Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. was added to 40.9 of Herring Black Wax ■HR8 prepared as follows with 0/metal salt particles. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. (21.1° C.) for 1 hour and then cooled to form a solid mixture. 2 g of this wax/metal salt mixture was dissolved in hot Isovar ■-L 20011 to form a 1% wax/metal salt solution. Upon cooling, the wax/metal salt precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

Ni, Bee, Dick Toner 150 mentioned in Example 3
0I! was mixed with 100 g of a 1% solution of this wax/metal salt. The scratch resistance of the image is real JJa! The image was superior to that of the control example described in Example 4.

The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 9 0/metal soap particles were made as follows: Aluminum tristearate 201 from Kuitoco Chemical Co., Ltd. was added to 50 JF of Synchrox ■HR8. The mixture was stirred at 70"F (21.1C) for 1 hour and then cooled to form a solid mixture. Two grams of the wax/metallic soap mixture was heated to a
200.9 to make a 1% solution of four metal soaps. Upon cooling, the wax/metallic soap precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

Ni, Bee, Dick Toner 1500 mentioned in Example 3
g of this wax/golden soap was mixed with 100 g of 1% liquid. The scratch resistance of the image was superior to that of the control image described in Example 4. The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 10 Wax/metallic soap particles were prepared from Herring Black Wax ■HR8040y made as follows, and 20I! of sodium stearate from Liteco Chemical Co., Ltd. added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 70° C. (21.1° C.) and then cooled to form a solid mixture. Heat 2g of this wax/metallic soap mixture to
00I to make a 1% wax/metallic soap solution.

Upon cooling, the wax/metallic soap precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

Ni, Bee, Dick toner f501 described in Example 6
was mixed with 100 I of a 1% solution of this wax/metal soap. The scratch resistance of the image was superior to that of the control example described in Example 4. The scratch test results are as follows:
Shown in the table.

Example 11 0 metal soap particles 201 of zinc stearate manufactured by Liteco Chemical Co., Ltd. was added to 5 oy of Herring Black Wax ■HR8 prepared as follows. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 70° C. (21.1° C.) and then cooled to form a solid mixture. 2I of this wax/metal soap mixture was dissolved in 200°C of hot Isobar II to give a 1% solution of wax/metal soap. Upon cooling, the wax/metallic soap precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

Knee, Bee, Dick Toner f5 mentioned in Example 3
0077 was mixed into 100I of a 1% solution of this wax/metallic soap. The scratch resistance of the image was superior to that of the control example described in Example 4. The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 12 Nitripalmitin wax m preparation: 2 g of tripalmitin wax from K & K Laboratories was mixed with thermal isovar ■-L200II.
It was dissolved in a 1% wax solution. When cooled,
The wax precipitates from solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

B Nitripalmitin wax and magnesium stearate 7um wax/metal soap NIH agent: To 5 g of tripalmitin described in A above, 211 magnesium stearate from Liteco Chemical Co., Ltd. was added.

The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 70° C. (21.1° C.) and then cooled to form a solid mixture.

2 g of this wax mixture was heated to 200 ml of hot isobar.
g to make a 1% wax/metal soap solution. Upon cooling, the wax/metallic soap precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

Evaluation: Knee, Bee, Dick Toner 1 mentioned in Example 3
500.9 is tripalmitin wax 1% o, test H12
A (control) or tripalmitin/stearin magnesium 1% solution, trial! 12B was mixed with either 100I. The scratch resistance of wax/metal soap image 12B is superior to the control image 12A discussed in this example. The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 13 A: Polyethylene wax preparation Ni, C, polyethylene wax 2II from Near Ride Signal Co., Ltd. 200 g of thermal isobar ■-L
It was dissolved into a 1% wax solution.

Upon cooling, the wax precipitates out of solution in the form of particles with an average size of less than 10 μm.

B: Polyethylene wax and magnesium stearate wax/metallic soap preparation agent: 50% of the polyethylene wax mentioned in A above! 15.9 of magnesium stearate from Liteco Chemical was added to i. The mixture was stirred at 707° C. (21.1° C.) for 1 hour and then cooled to form a solid mixture. 2Ii of this wax mixture was dissolved in 200 g of hot isovar ■-L,
It was a 1% solution of wax/metallic soap. Upon cooling, the wax/metallic soap precipitates out of solution in particles less than 10 μm.

Evaluation: Knee, Bee, Dick Toner 1 mentioned in Example 6
500Ji' is knee, sea, polyethylene wax 1% solution, sample 16A (control) or knee.

Polyethylene/Magnesium Stearate 1% Solution, Sample 13B. The scratch resistance of wax/metal soap image 13B is superior to the control 15A discussed in this example. The results of the scratch test are shown in Table 1 below.

3B 8 S S S N N
N N11 P N N N N
N N N pressure (,9/song 2) 2037104555 (S 309 135 69 3
7 2ON indicates that the image was not affected, S indicates that only the surface was scratched, P indicates that the scratch was partially removed, and A indicates that the scratch was removed.

Although the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention can be further summarized by the following embodiments.

1) A. Cowries less than 50' in size, present in most rats.
a non-polar liquid having a butanol value; B. at least one thermoplastic resin having an average areal particle size of less than 10 μm; D. a wax and at least one gold soap or inorganic metal salt; A liquid #electronic developer consisting essentially of particles of a mixture.

2) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1, wherein the component is a mixture of at least one metal soap and wax.

3) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 2 above, wherein the component is at least one metal soap dispersed in wax.

4) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 2 above, wherein the component is a reaction product of triglyceride wax and metal hydroxide.

5) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 4 above, wherein the metal hydroxide is calcium hydroxide.

6) The liquid 19-density developer according to item 1 above, wherein the component is a mixture of at least one metal salt and wax.

7) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 6 above, wherein the component is at least one metal salt dispersed in wax.

8) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, wherein the particles of the component are larger than the thermoplastic resin particles.

9) The liquid tIp electrodeveloper according to item 1 above, wherein the metal soap is a metal salt of a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having 1 to 100 carbon atoms.

10) The metal salt has a cationic component of the periodic table of elements I a, I [a, Ha, I b, IIb,
IVbSVb.

■ b1 ■ selected from the group consisting of metals of groups b and The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, which is selected from the group consisting of:

11) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of olefin polymer wax, solid paraffin wax, ester wax, and amide wax.

12) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 11, wherein l: l is triglyceride wax.

13) Ingredients: 1-75% by weight of metal soap and 25-9% by weight
The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, which is a mixture with 9% by weight of wax, or a mixture of 1 to 50% by weight of a metal salt and 50 to 99% by weight of wax.

14) Component A is present at 85-99.981 ffi%;
Component B is present in 0.02 to 15 heavy ffi bullets, and component C is present in 2 to 10.000 IQ per 11 parts of developer solids.
and the component is present in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the developer solids, and
The liquid #electronic developer according to the above item 1, wherein it is 0.02 to 15% gravity.

15) The liquid electrostatic developer of item 1, wherein component B contains up to about 60% by weight of a colorant, based on the total weight of developer solids.

16) The liquid 6p1 described in item 15 above, wherein the colorant is a pigment! developer.

17) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 15 above, wherein the colorant is a pigment.

18) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer of ethylene and an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.

19) The liquid electrostatic developer described in item 15 above, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer of ethylene (89%) and methacrylic acid (11%) and has a melt index of 100 at 190°C.

20) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 18, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer of ethylene (89%) and methacrylic acid (11%) and has a melt index of 100 at 190°C.

21) The thermoplastic resin is a copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid and at least one 2G alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
Liquid electrostatic developer as described.

22) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer of 50 to 90% by weight of methyl acrylate, 0 to 20% by weight of methacrylic acid, and 10 to 50% by weight of ethylhexyl acrylate. liquid.

23) The liquid #electronic developer according to item 1 above, wherein the thermoplastic resin particles have an average areal particle size of 5P or less.

24)? l! The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, wherein the charge control agent is iron heptenoate.

25) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 1 above, wherein the charge control agent is basic barium betronate.

26) The soft liquid 9-density developer described in item 4 above, which is glyc7rol/calcium behenate.

27) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 3 above, wherein the component is a molten mixture of triglyceride wax and magnesium behenate.

28) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 5 above, wherein the component is a molten mixture of triglyceride wax and barium stearate.

29) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 3 above, wherein the component is a molten mixture of triglyceride wax and iron naphthenate.

30) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 3 above, wherein the component is a molten mixture of triglyceride hydrogen and aluminum tristearate.

31) The liquid FP according to item 3 above, wherein the component is a molten mixture of triglyceride wax and sodium stearate.
Tft developer.

32) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 11 above, wherein the component is a molten mixture of polyethylene wax and metal soap.

33) The liquid electrostatic developer according to item 5 above, wherein the component is a molten mixture of triglyceride wax and a metal salt.

34) The liquid ET solution described in the preceding item '53, wherein the metal salt is magnesium sulfate.

35) A. At elevated temperature in the apparatus, (1
) A thermoplastic A+ fat and (2) a non-polar liquid dispersion medium having a caprictanol value of 50 or less are dispersed, during which the temperature in the apparatus is sufficient to plasticize and liquefy the M fat. , and maintained at a temperature below the fish body at which the non-polar liquid dispersion medium changes and the resin decomposes; B. cools the dispersion by any of the following means: or form a solid mass and then break up the gel or solid mass and grind with a grinding medium; (1) Stir until a viscous mixture is formed and grind with a grinding medium; or (Ill) continue to grind with a grinding medium to prevent the formation of gels or solid agglomerates; separate the toner particle dispersion with an average areal particle size of less than or equal to C110 μm from the grinding medium and add a charge control agent; (3) is added to the dispersion during or after step (4); and during or after step (B), a mixture of wax and at least one gold soap or gold salt ( 4) A method for producing a liquid electrostatic developer for electrostatic imaging, comprising the steps of:

36) A method according to paragraph 35, wherein the additional liquid is added during or at the outset of step (B).

37) The method according to item 36, wherein the additional liquid is selected from non-polar liquids, polar liquids, combinations thereof, and the like.

38) The method according to item 37, wherein the additional liquid is a non-polar liquid.

59) The additional non-polar liquid is such that the concentration of resin particles is reduced to 0.02-15 wt.% of the liquid.
The method described in the preceding section 37.

40) The method according to item 35 above, wherein cooling of the dispersion is carried out while continuing to grind it with a grinding medium to prevent the formation of gels or solid lumps.

41) Cooling of the dispersion is carried out by forming a gel or solid mass without stirring, then breaking up the gel or solid mass and grinding with a grinding medium; The method described in the preceding section 35.

42) The method according to item 35, wherein cooling of the dispersion is carried out by stirring until a viscous mixture is formed and grinding with a grinding medium.

45) The method according to item 65, wherein component (4) is a mixture of at least one metal soap and wax.

44) The method according to item 43, wherein component (4) is at least one metal soap dispersed in wax.

45) The method according to item 43, wherein component (4) is a reaction product of triglyceride wax and metal hydroxide.

46) The method according to item 45, wherein the metal hydroxide is calcium hydroxide.

47) The method according to item 35, wherein component (4) is a mixture of at least one metal salt and wax.

48) The method according to item 11, item 47, wherein component (4) is at least one metal salt dispersed in the wax.

49) The method according to item 55, wherein the particles of component (4) are larger than the particles of thermoplastic resin (1).

50) Up to about 60% by weight of the colorant is added in the process diagram based on the total molding of the developer solids, item 3 above.
5. The method described in 5.

51) The method according to item 50, wherein the colorant is a pigment.

52) The method according to item 35, wherein the thermoplastic resin (1) is a copolymer of ethylene and α,β-ethylenically unsaturated selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.

53) The method according to item 35, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer of ethylene (89%) and methacrylic acid (11%) and has a melt index of 100 at 190°C.

54) The thermoplastic resin contains acrylic or methacrylic acid and at least one C of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
The above item 3, which is a copolymer with 20 alkyl ester
5. The method described in 5.

55) The method according to item 35, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a copolymer of 50 to 90% by weight of methyl acrylate, 0 to 20% by weight of methacrylic acid, and 10 to 50% by weight of ethylhexyl acrylate.

56) Wax is olefin polymer, solid paraffin wax,
36. The method according to item 35 above, wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of ester wax and amid wax.

57) The wax is triglyceride wax, previous item 568
How to post.

58) Ingredient (4) is 1 to 75 weight Jk% metal soap and 2
Mixture with 5-99% wax, or 1-501i
The method of the previous item 35, which is a mixture of 50% to 99% of wax.

59) The method according to item 35 above, wherein the ffi load control agent is iron heptenoate.

60) 1! 36. The method according to item 35 above, wherein the load control agent is basic barium tronate.

61) The method according to item 56, wherein component (4) is a molten mixture of polyethylene wax and metal soap.

62) Component (4) is a molten mixture of triglyceride wax and metal soap.

63) The metal soap is magnesium stearate.
The method described in the preceding clause 62.

64) The method according to item 35, wherein component (4) is a molten mixture of triglyceride wax and a metal salt.

65) The method according to item 64, wherein the metal salt is magnesium sulfur.

66) Next step: A. Dispersing the colorants and/or adjuvants in the thermoplastic resin in the absence of non-polar liquids with a cowry-butanol value of less than or equal to 30 until the formation of agglomerates. , B. Crush this mass, and C0.
A toner particle dispersion is formed in the liquid by grinding with a grinding medium in the presence of a non-polar liquid having a butanol value, and a combination thereof, D, 10μ
E. separating a grinding media from the toner particle dispersion having an average areal particle size of less than mJ7; A method for producing a liquid electrostatic developer comprising: adding a mixture of the above to the dispersion.

67) The method of item 66, wherein the additional non-polar liquid, polar liquid, or a combination thereof is added in at least one of steps (C) to (odor).

68) The method according to item 67, wherein the additional liquid is a polar liquid.

2 people outside

Claims (1)

Claims: 1) A, a non-polar liquid with a cowry-butanol value of 30 or less, present in a predominant amount; B, at least one thermoplastic resin having an average areal particle size of less than 10 μm; A liquid electrostatic developer consisting essentially of: C. a charge control agent compound; D. particles of a mixture of wax and at least one metal soap or inorganic metal salt. 2) A. Dispersing (1) a thermoplastic resin and (2) a non-polar liquid dispersion medium with a Cowrie-butanol value of 30 or less at an elevated temperature in the apparatus; B. The dispersion is maintained at a temperature sufficient to plasticize and liquefy the resin and below the point at which the nonpolar liquid dispersion medium is denatured and the resin decomposes; (i) to form a gel or solid mass without agitation, then break up the gel or solid mass and grind with a grinding medium; (ii) until a viscous mixture is formed; C. Grinding a toner particle dispersion having an average areal particle size of 10 μm or less Separated from the medium, charge control agent (3) is added to the dispersion during or after step (A); and D, during or after step (B), the wax and at least one metal soap or A method for producing a liquid electrostatic developer for electrostatic imaging, comprising: adding a mixture (4) with a metal salt. 3) Next step: A. Dispersing the colorants and/or adjuvants in the thermoplastic resin in the absence of non-polar liquids with a cowry-butanol value of less than or equal to 30 until the formation of agglomerates. B. Crush the crushed solid mass; C. Treat the crushed solid mass with a polar liquid having a Cowrie-butanol value of at least 30, a Cowrie-butanol value of at least 30.
A toner particle dispersion is formed in the liquid by grinding with a grinding medium in the presence of a non-polar liquid having a butanol value, and a combination thereof, D, 10μ
E. separating a grinding media from the toner particle dispersion having an average areal particle size of less than or equal to m; A method for producing a liquid electrostatic developer comprising: adding a mixture of the above to the dispersion.